羅斯福新政英文課件

TheNewDealIntroductionI.FranklinD.RooseveltII.BackgroundIII.Implement:Stage,content,measuresIV.EssenceV.FeaturesVI.InfluenceI.FranklinDelanoRooseveltHewasthe32ndPresidentoftheUnitedStates(1933-1945)andacentralfigureinworldeventsduringthemid-20thcentury,leadingtheUnitedStatesduringatimeofworldwideeconomiccrisisandworldwar.TheonlyAmericanpresidentelectedtomorethantwoterms,heforgedadurablecoalitionthatrealignedAmericanpoliticsfordecades.

II.BackgroundTheGreatDepression---aseverworldwideeconomicdepressionThefailureofPresidentHoover’sreformKeynesianism〔凱恩斯理論〕ThevoiceofthecallsforreformisrisingRooseveltasthePresidentoftheUnitedStates

III.Implement:StageContentMeasureStage

thefirststage:(1933-1935)FocusoneconomicadjustmentandRenaissance(thefirst100days)thesecondstage:(1936-1939)FocusonthereformContentTheNewDealwasaseriesofeconomicprogramsimplementedintheUnitedStatesbetween1933and1936.TheywerepassedbytheUnitedStatesCongressduringthefirsttermofPresidentFranklinD.Roosevelt.TheprogramswereRoosevelt'sresponsestotheGreatDepression,andfocusedonwhathistorianscallthe"3Rs":

Relief,Recovery,andReform.3RsReliefwasurgentlyneededbytensofmillionsofunemployed.

Recoverymeantboostingtheeconomybacktonormal.

Reformmeantlong-termfixesofwhatwaswrong,especiallywiththefinancialandbankingsystems.Roosevelt'sseriesofradiotalks,knownas

firesidechats(爐邊談話),presentedhisproposalsdirectlytotheAmericanpublic.ActsAgenciesMeasuresIV.Essence

OnthepartialadjustmentofcapitalistrelationsofproductionV.Features

Nationaldirectinterventionintheeconomy在1930年代經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條期間，羅斯福推行新政以提供失業(yè)救濟(jì)與復(fù)蘇經(jīng)濟(jì)，并成立如公共事業(yè)振興署〔WPA〕、國家復(fù)興管理局〔NRA〕和農(nóng)業(yè)調(diào)整管理局〔AAA〕等機(jī)構(gòu)來改革經(jīng)濟(jì)和銀行體系。雖然直到第二次世界大戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)為止，美國的經(jīng)濟(jì)仍未能完全復(fù)蘇，但是他所發(fā)起的一些方案，如聯(lián)邦存款保險(xiǎn)公司〔FDIC〕、田納西河谷管理局〔TVA〕以及證券交易委員會〔SEC〕等，仍繼續(xù)在國家的商貿(mào)中扮演重要角色。除此之外，在其任內(nèi)設(shè)立的一些制度，包括社會平安系統(tǒng)和全國勞資關(guān)系委員會〔NLRB〕等等，仍然保存至今。NationalRecoveryAct

(in1933forindustry)

NRA“BlueEagle"campaignindustrypowerProclaimingthesymbolofindustrialrecoveryAcceptingPresidentFranklinRoosevelt’sRe-employmentAgreementoraspecialCodeofFairCompetitionTitleTennesseeValleyAuthorityIncreasing

employmentopportunitiesStimulating

consumptionStabilizingsociety…Anextensivefloodcontrol,electricpowerandgeneraldevelopmentprogramwereputintooperation.torelievepeopleindisasterareasbygivingthememploymentinsteadofoutrightgrantAgriculturalAdjustmentAct(AAA)

Themainaims

---toraisecommoditypriceslimitingproduction,devaluingthedollar,maintaininghightariffonforeigngoods

---tocarrythroughamodestinflationbyprovidingmoneyatlowratesoffarmersandtoindustry.

SocialSecurityAct(in1935)WPAemployed2to3millionunemployedatunskilledlaborStabilizingsocietyTheactwasanattempttolimitwhatwereseenasdangersinthemodernAmericanlife,includingoldage,poverty,unemployment,andtheburdensofwidowsandfatherlesschildren.

OtherfundamentalreformsBankandmonetaryreformsthe

EmergencyBankingAct---providedforasystemofreopeningsoundbanksAdjustingandstabilizingthe

bankingsystem?banks--reopenTheSecurityandExchange

Commission(SEC)enforcingthefederalsecuritieslawsandregulatingthesecuritiesindustry,thenation'sstockandoptionsexchanges,andotherelectronicsecuritiesmarkets

toregulatethestockmarket

topreventcorporateabusesVI.InfluenceBy1938,theNewDealwasoverwiththeexpansionoftheEuropecrisis.switchemphasisfromdomestictoforeignaffairs“Save

American

democracy〞---avoidfascism(GermanandJapanshiftedtheburden)Helping

overco