2024年高考英語核心考點(diǎn)精講精練（新高考專用）考點(diǎn)4 閱讀理解主旨大意之段落大意 （學(xué)生版）

考點(diǎn)4閱讀理解主旨大意之段落大意（核心考點(diǎn)精講精練）1.2021-2023年三年高考真題考點(diǎn)分布考點(diǎn)題型段落大意閱讀理解2023試卷類型設(shè)問考點(diǎn)2023浙江1月高考C篇31．Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?段落大意2023·新高考I卷D篇32.WhatisParagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?段落大意20222022·新高考I卷閱讀D14.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?段落大意2022·全國甲卷D閱讀D32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?段落大意20212021年全國乙卷B篇24.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutmobilephones?段落大意2021年6月浙江卷C篇10.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?段落大意2.命題規(guī)律及備考策略【命題規(guī)律】近3年新高考卷對于閱讀理解中段落大意的考查共計(jì)6次，主要考查：根據(jù)閱讀文章中的某一段落，概括段落大意。概括段落大意的方法：1.利用主題句；2.沒有主題句，總結(jié)段落大意。【備考策略】系統(tǒng)歸類段落大意的總結(jié)方法，尤其是主題句、同義句表達(dá)的技巧；熟練掌握閱讀技能。【命題預(yù)測】2024年閱讀理解對段落大意的考查仍然是重點(diǎn)?！?024年高考命題預(yù)測】主旨大意之段落大意考點(diǎn)是高考中的必考點(diǎn)。一篇文章有多個(gè)段落，為什么把題出在其中的某個(gè)段落？因?yàn)檫@個(gè)段落在文章中起著至關(guān)重要的作用，這些段落或引出話題或承上啟下或總結(jié)全文。命題者的意圖是明確的，他們著眼于文章中起重要作用的段落進(jìn)而設(shè)題。預(yù)測在2024高考中，段落大意題會繼續(xù)在高考閱讀理解中呈現(xiàn)?！局髦即笠庵温浯笠饪键c(diǎn)指南】段落大意題?？紗栴}：

Themainpoint/ideaofthepassageis…

Thepassageismainlyabout…

Thepassagemainlydiscusses…

Thelastbutoneparagraphischieflyconcernedwith…?

Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?近幾年高考段落大意考查的特點(diǎn)：考查的段落一般沒有主題句，這需要考生對整段進(jìn)行歸納，找出段落的重點(diǎn)，總結(jié)段落大意。[2023·新高考全國Ⅰ卷]DOnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon’tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people’serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(轉(zhuǎn)折)onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.”Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.()32.WhatisParagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A.Themethodsofestimation.B.Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.C.Thecausesofpeople’serrors.D.ThedesignofGalton’sexperiment.【2023年1月·浙江卷】CAmachinecannownotonlybeatyouatchess,itcanalsooutperformyouindebate.Lastweek,inapublicdebateinSanFrancisco,asoftwareprogramcalledProjectDebaterbeatitshumanopponents,includingNoaOvadia,Israel’sformernationaldebatingchampion.Brilliantthoughitis,ProjectDebaterhassomeweaknesses.Ittakessentencesfromitslibraryofdocumentsandprebuiltargumentsandstringsthemtogether.Thiscanleadtothekindsoferrorsnohumanwouldmake.Suchwrinkleswillnodoubtbeironedout,yettheyalsopointtoafundamentalproblem.AsKristianHammond,professorofelectricalengineeringandcomputerscienceatNorthwesternUniversity,putit:“There’sneverastageatwhichthesystemknowswhatit’stalkingabout.”WhatHammondisreferringtoisthequestionofmeaning,andmeaningiscentraltowhatdistinguishestheleastintelligentofhumansfromthemostintelligentofmachines.Acomputerworkswithsymbols.Itsprogramspecifiesasetofrulestotransformonestringofsymbolsintoanother.Butitdoesnotspecifywhatthosesymbolsmean.Indeed,toacomputer,meaningisirrelevant.Humans,inthinking,talking,readingandwriting,alsoworkwithsymbols.Butforhumans,meaningiseverything.Whenwecommunicate,wecommunicatemeaning.Whatmattersisnotjusttheoutsideofastringofsymbols,buttheinsidetoo,notjusthowtheyarearrangedbutwhattheymean.Meaningemergesthroughaprocessofsocialinteraction,notofcomputation,interactionthatshapesthecontentofthesymbolsinourheads.Therulesthatassignmeaninglienotjustinsideourheads,butalsooutside,insociety,insocialmemory,socialconventionsandsocialrelations.Itisthisthatdistinguisheshumansfrommachines.Andthat’swhy,howeverastonishingProjectDebatermayseem,thetraditionthatbeganwithSocratesandConfuciuswillnotendwithartificialintelligence.31．Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A．Socialinteractioniskeytounderstandingsymbols.B．Thehumanbrainhaspotentialyettobedeveloped.C．Ancientphilosopherssetgoodexamplesfordebaters.D．Artificialintelligenceensureshumansabrightfuture.規(guī)律方法：如何總結(jié)段落大意？段落大意即某一段的中心思想，通常中心思想會在首句體現(xiàn)出來，這就是常說的段落主題句。主題句具有鮮明的概括性，句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，段落中其他句子均用來解釋、支撐或擴(kuò)展主題句所表達(dá)的主題思想。主題句通常位于段首，也可位于段尾、段中。有時(shí)作者沒有寫出明顯的主題句，要學(xué)會根據(jù)段落內(nèi)容去概括主題句?！?023屆安徽省A10聯(lián)盟高考最后一卷】WhenIwasakid,asycamore(楓樹)grewinfrontofmyhome.Attheageof10,Iwasjusttallenoughtoreachitslowestbranchandliftmyselfintoitsembrace.Sometimestwoorthreeofmyfriendswouldjoinmeinthesycamore,orinthemapledownthestreet,orMrs.DiMarco’soldpeachtree,someofwhosestouthorizontalbranchesallowedustositshouldertoshoulder,eatingsweetfruit.Inmysmalltowntherearesomekindsoftrees,theirbranchesspreadingwide,openforbusiness.ButIhavenotyetseenaclimber.Perhapscomputergameshavereplacedtreeclimbing,ormaybetheactivitywentthewayofmonkeybars,whichcametobeviewedastooriskyandhavelargelydisappearedfromplaygrounds.Itisasadloss.Ihavealwaysbelievedthat,sincelow-hangingbranchesprovidenobenefittothetree,theymustbemeantforthechild.RobertFrostunderstoodthiswhenhewrote:WhenIseebaches(樺樹)bendtoleftandright,Acrossthelinesofstraighterdarkertrees,Iliketothinksomeboy’sbeenswingingthem.MyonlydisagreementwithFrostishisinferencethattreeclimbingisagender-specifictask.Bothboysandgirlsmakeajoyfulclimb.ThecampusoftheuniversitywhereIteachhasallsortsoftrees.Duringarecentwalk,Ifoundmyselfbendingunderthebranchofanimmensespruce(云杉).Igrabbedthething,andamomentlaterwassittingonabranch.Thenthememoriescamefloodingback.Theoldsycamore,thefriends,andfinally,thereluctancetoreturntoearthwhentheparentalcalltosuppercame.IwassolostinmythoughtsthatIdidn’thearthestudentcallingtomefrombelow.HeaskedwhatIwasdoing.Ididn’twastetimeonexplanations.“Comeonup,”Isaid“Theair’sfine.”Butheonlylaughedandwavedmeoff.Hedidn’tknowwhathewasmissing.4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stout”inParagraph1probablymean?A．Slim. B．Bent. C．Smooth. D．Strong.5．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Whykidsdon’tclimbtrees.B．Whymonkeybarsaredangerous.C．Whythereisnobusinessundertrees.D．Whykidsareaddictedtocomputergames.6．WhatdoestheauthorwanttoprovebymentioningRobert’spoem?A．Somebranchesoftreesareuseless.B．Treesareintendedforkidstoclimb.C．Treesareasourceofinspirationforpoets.D．Climbingtreesisauniquerightofboys.7．Whatdidtheauthorthinkthestudenthadmissed?A．Theexplanationstohisquestion.B．Thefreshairabovethetree.C．Thepleasureofclimbingtrees.D．Thesenseofsafetyonearth.基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)（最新模擬試題演練）1.【2023屆廣東省部分學(xué)校高三5月聯(lián)合考試模擬預(yù)測】Asthecostsoffuel,groceriesandhousingincreasesuddenlyaroundtheworld,scientistsarefightinginflation(通貨膨脹)atthebench.Almostallitemsneededtoconductsciencearemoreexpensivethantheywerejustayearago.Andthatmeansthatnearlyeveryresearcherisfeelingthepressure.“Nobodyisimmunetothiseconomy,”saysTolaOlorunnisola,wholeadsinnovationinthelabatAvantor,aninternationalscience-managementcompanyinPennsylvania.OlorunnisolavisitedlabsintheNetherlands,SwitzerlandandIrelandtohelpresearchersfindwaystoenlargetheirbudgets.“Scientistsarebecomingmoreconsciousofcosts,”shesays.Theincreaseinlabcostshasforcedscientiststomakesomedifficultchoices.Scientificbudgetsareprettyfixed.Iftheypaydoubleforsomething,itmeansthey’renotbuyingsomethingelse.Scientistscankeeptheirresearchprojectsmovingforward,buttoavoidoverspendingontheirbudgets,they’llprobablyneedtoadjusttheirbuyinghabitsandtakestepstomaketheirlabsmoreefficient.JulienSage,acancerresearcherandgeneticistatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia,estimatesthatlabsupplieshistoricallyaccountforroughly20%ofhisoverallbudget,buthesaysthatthebalanceisshifting.Withoutsignificantboostsinfundingtokeeppacewithinflation,it’suptoscientiststofindcreativewaystodiminishcosts.Oneoptionistorethinkexperimentaldesign.“Itwillprobablytakemorethandiscountsfromlab-supplycompaniestotrulyprotectscientistsfromtheimpactofrisingprices,”Sagesays.“Unlesssomethingisdoneonalargescaletoeitherstabilizecostsorincreasefunding,scienceislikelytosuffer.Ifyouhavelessmoney,you’regoingtohavefewerpeopleorbelessproductive,whichmeansyou’regoingtohavefewergrants(撥款)whichmeansyou’regoingtohavefewerpeople.That’sprobablyhappeningtoalotoflabsthesedays,andthequestionis:Whenisitgoingtostop?”12．ForwhatdidOlorunnisolavisitsomelabsindifferentplaces?A．Seeinghowresearchersstruggleagainstinflation.B．Provingeveryonehastofacetherisingprice.C．Learningaboutthepressureofresearchers.D．Helpingresearchersovercomeeconomicdifficulty.13．Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A．Thecauseofincreasinglabcosts. B．Theeffectsoftherisinglabcosts.C．Thetoughchoicesofresearchers. D．Thewaysofmakinglabsefficient.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“diminish”meaninparagraph4?A．Reduce. B．Calculate. C．Restore. D．Keep.15．Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．Scientistsfacemanyproblems B．ThepriceofgoodsisrisingquicklyC．Labshavetotightensuppliesbudgets D．Peopleholddifferentopinionsofprice2.【2023屆廣東省部分學(xué)校高三5月聯(lián)合考試模擬預(yù)測】BorninFrance,butraisedinSpain,linguisticsandliteratureprofessorJuanJoséCiruelaAlferezfromtheUniversityofGranadaispassionateaboutChineseliteratureandhasbeendoingsomeresearchaboutit.Withpainstakingeffort,hisSpanishtranslationofaChineseclassicwaspublishedlastyear.Ciruelasaidtranslatingthenovelwasaninterestingchallenge.Inrecentyears,manyChineseworkshavebeenintroducedtoSpain.However,asmostofthemhadbeentranslatedfirstintoEnglishandthenfromthatlanguageintoSpanish,muchoftheoriginalitywaslost.Forthisreason,whentheSpanishpublishinghouseKailascontactedCiruelatotranslateitdirectlyfromChinese,heacceptedthemissionimmediately,evenifitpresenteddifficultieslikeaheavyworkloadwithinashorttimelimit.“Iencounteredvariousdifficulties,especiallyatthebeginningofthetask,”saidCiruelainaninterview.“Thisnovel,inparticular,needsapriorreadingprocessinwhichthetranslatorgetsintotheplotandthecharacters,sinceatfirstitisdifficulttoentertheworldthatthenovelconstantlyraises.SoIreadthenovelfirstinChinese,payingattentiontoallthosedetailsandhowallofthatcouldbetranslatedinawaythattheSpanishreaderswouldunderstand.ForCiruela,themostimportantcriterionwhentranslatingisfidelity(忠誠)totheoriginaltext.Whileitistruethatonecannotalwaysbestrictlyfaithful,hebelievestranslatorsshouldnotbetoofarfromoriginaltexts.Forexample,thetranslationofculturemes(expressionsofcultureinlanguage)isquitecomplicatedduetotheculturalgapbetweenSpanishandChinese.Ciruelabelievesthatthesemustalwaysbeappropriatetothespecificfunctiontheyperformwithinthetext,ineachspecificcaseandmoment.4．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thatlanguage”probablyreferto?A．Spanish. B．English. C．Chinese. D．French.5．WhatcausedCiruelatotranslatetheChineseclassic?A．HispassionforSpanishliterature. B．Hisdeterminationtopopularizeit.C．ThelackofitsdirecttranslationintoSpanish. D．ThelossofdiversityinSpanishtranslation.6．Whataspectofthetranslationtaskdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A．Itsbarrier. B．Itsprinciple. C．Itsstyle. D．Itsmeaning.7．WhatdoesCiruelathinkisthemostimportantintranslation?A．Meetingreaders’needs. B．Targetingculturalphenomena.C．Bridgingtheculturalgap. D．Beingloyaltotheoriginaltext.3.【2023屆海南省海口市高考模擬】AnewdeviceknownasSharkGuardisbeingtrialedwhichgivesoffapulsetoprotectsharksandraysfromfishinghooks(魚鉤).Thedatasofarsuggeststhatithasbeenveryeffectiveinreducingthenumberofsharksandstingrayscaughtbycommercialfishingequipment.Commercialfishingisknowntothreatensharksandraysworldwide.Researchhasfoundthat24percentoftheaveragemonthlyspaceusedbysharksaroundtheworldfallsunderthe-footprintofdistantlonglinefisheries.Thisiswhenhookshangnearthesurfacetocatchfishliketunaandswordfish.Aquarterofsharkhabitatsarewithinactivefishingzones.Itisestimatedthatover20,000,000sharksarecaughtasbycatcheveryyear.Stingraysarealsofrequentlycaughtasbycatch.“Bycatch”referstounwantedfishandmarinecreaturescaughtbycommercialfishingequipment,andistypicallydiscarded(丟棄)overboardeitherdeadordying.SharkGuardwasdesignedbymarinescientiststoprotectsharksandraysfromfishingequipment.Itisasmallbattery-powereddevicethatcanbefastenedonthelinenexttoabaitedhookandgivesoffashortpulseeverytwoseconds.StudyfoundthatthedevicereducedthenumberofbluesharkscaughtinaFrenchlonglinetunafisheryintheMediterraneanby91percent,andstingraysby71percent.Thesearepromisingnumbers,althoughDr.PhilDoherty,leadauthorofthestudy,saidthatSharkGuardshould“bedesignedonacase-by-casebasistoensureit’sfitforpurpose.”28．Whatisthenewdeviceusedtodo?A．Stopsharksbeingcaught. B．Reducethenumberofsharks.C．Confirmascientificguess. D．Preventcommercialhunting.29．Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A．Theplacesfishinghookshang. B．Therangeofcommercialfishing.C．Thebenefitsofprotectingsharks. D．Theharmofcommercialfishing.30．WhatdoesPhilDohertythinkofthedevice?A．Itispromising. B．Itisineffective.C．Itneedsimproving. D．Itisperfectlydesigned.31．Whatisthetext?A．Adiaryentry. B．Anewsreport.C．Afantasystory. D．Abookreview.4.【2023屆海南省海南中學(xué)、海口一中、文呂中學(xué)、嘉積中學(xué)高三4月聯(lián)考】EverytimeIstareattherowsofjarsfilledwithmyparents’homemadetomatosauce,Iwonder:“ShouldIreallyuseone?”Ihavebeenkeepingthesejarslikeprecioustreasures.NomatterhowhardItrytofindalternatives,nothingcompares.Store-boughtsauce?Itjustdoesn’ttasteright.EvenifItrytorecreateit,itwillnevertastethesame.Whilegrowingup,Ihatedthetomatoseason.MyparentswouldusethebasementtoripenthetomatoestheyhadcollectedlocallyinSeptember.LiketheotherItalianfamiliesinthearea,wewouldthentakethemtothegaragewhentheywereripeenough.Theretheywerecleanedandboiled.Havingbeenstewed(燉),wholetomatoeswerepassedthroughmyfather’shomemademachinetoseparatethesaucefromtheskins.Jarsattheready,wefilledthemwithsauceandseasoning.Thejarswouldbehotforafewdays,sealedtokeeptheirownheat.Theywouldthenbelinedupandreadytouse.Thistraditionwashardtocarryonwhenmyfathergotill.Afterbeingdiagnosedwithcancerin2019,hespentmostofhistimeinhospital.InSeptemberthatyearhecamehome,andontheweekendwedecidedtocontinuethetradition.Ihavegloriousmemoriesofthatdayasweonceagainmadethesauce.Itwasabeautifulbutshort-livedmoment.Myfatherdiedsoonafter.Ican’tkeepthesejarsforever.Butitdoesn’tmakeitanyeasiertoopenone.EverytimeIgotoreachforone,somethingstopsme.Mymother,everpractical,isvisitingusrecentlyandjuststaresatthem.“Youshouldusetheseortheywillgotowaste.”Whatwillitfeelliketousethatlastjar?Itwouldmeantheendofanera.Whoknows?Maybeit’stimetobringnewtraditionsintolife.4．Whatstopstheauthorfromusingthetomatosauce?A．Ithasgonebad. B．Hedoesn’tliketomatosauceC．Hevaluesittoomuch. D．Hekeepsitforfutureuse.5．WhatdoPara.3andPara.4mainlytalkabout?A．Thetomatoharvest. B．Thehomemademachine.C．Thefruitfultomatoseason. D．Themakingoftomatosauce.6．Whatwilltheauthormostprobablydonext?A．Openonejar. B．Keepthejars.C．Collecttomatoes. D．Maketomatosauce7．Whichofthefollowingcandescribetheauthor?A．Practical. B．Faithful. C．Affectionate. D．Sensitive.5.【2023屆河北省高三適應(yīng)性考試】Teensinterestedinlosingweight,forinstance,gotadvertisementsforunhealthytipsonhowtobecomeanorexic(厭食者).Suchadvertisementstargetedthesekidsinhopesofpersuadingthemtotrythingsthatwereeitherdangerousorillegalattheirage.Advertisementsarejustoneexampleofpersuasion—tryingtochangeanother’smind.Advertisementsmaytrytoconvinceustobuysomethingordosomethingnewanddifferent.Marketingisafieldofpersuasiondesignedtosellthings,notesJacobTeeny.Persuasioncanbeusedtosellthings.Atitsworst,itcanbeusedtocontrolpeople.Clearly,persuasioncanbeusedforgoodandbad.Peopleopentonewexperiencestendtobemoreeasilypersuaded,Teenysays.Butopen-mindedpeoplecanresistsomepersuasivearguments—suchastheideathateatingjunkfoodiscool.Andclosed-mindedpeoplecansometimesbepersuaded.“Ifyouhaven’treallythoughtaboutthearguments”aheadoftime,Teenysays,you’regoingtobe“muchmorepersuadable.”Youmightresistthemessageifyouthinkaboutitasyoulistentoitforthefirsttime.Youmightfindreasonswhytheirlineofreasoningdoesnotmakesensebyspottingholesinsomeone’sargument.Butwhenyou’rebusyordistracted,youareeasiertobepersuaded,Teenysays.“Persuasionisascience,”Teenysays.Infact,henotes,“It’sstudiedasone.”Soeducateyourselfaboutthefactorsthatgointopersuasion.Youwillbecomemorepersuasiveaboutthesocialappealsthatmattertoyou,hesays.Atthesametime,youwillbecomemoreresistanttoundue(不適當(dāng)?shù)?persuasionbyothers.8．WhyareadvertisementsmentionedinParagraph1?A．Tointroducethetopic. B．Toexplainitsfunction.C．Toaskchildrentoloseweight. D．Totellteenstoavoiddangerousthings.9．WhatisthemainideaofParagraph2?A．Marketingisdesignedtosellthings.B．Persuasionisusedtocontrolpeople.C．Persuasionhasadvantagesanddisadvantages.D．Weshouldfollowadvertisementstobuythings.10．Howcanyoufindanargumentunreasonable?A．Byworkingbusily. B．Bybeingdistracted.C．Bybeingclosed-minded. D．Byfindingitsweakpoints.11．Whatdoesthewriterthinkof“knowingaboutpersuasion”?A．Useful. B．Interesting. C．Difficult. D．Wasteful.6.【2023屆河北省邯鄲市高考三模（保溫卷）】Humantearscouldcarryafloodofusefulinformation.Withjustafewdrops,anewtechniquecanspoteyediseaseandevensignsofdiabetes(糖尿病),scientistsreportJuly20inACSNano.“Wewantedtodemonstratethepotentialofusingtearstodetectdisease,”saysFeiLiu,abiomedicalengineeratWenzhouMedicalUniversityinChina.It’spossiblethedropletscouldopenawindowforscientiststolookcloselyattheentirebody,hesays,andonedayevenletpeoplequicklytesttheirtearsathome.Tearscontaintinysacs(液囊)stuffedwithcellularmessages.Ifscientistscouldgetthesemicroscopicmailbags,theycouldoffernewevidenceonwhat’shappeninginsidethebody.Butcollectingenoughofthesesacsistricky.Unlikefluid(體液)fromotherbodyparts,justasmallamountofliquidleaksfromtheeyes.SoLiu’steaminventedanewwaytoobtainthesacsfromtinyvolumesoftears.First,theresearcherscollectedtearsfromstudyparticipants.Then,theteamaddedasolutioncontainingthetearstoadeviceandwithinminutes,thetechniqueletssmallmolecules(分子)escape,leavingthesacsbehindforanalysis.Theresultsgavescientistsaneyeful.Differenttypesofdry-eyediseaseleavetheirownmolecularfingerprintsinpeople’stears,theteamfound.What’smore,tearscouldpotentiallyhelpdoctorsmonitorhowapatient’sdiabetesisprogressing.Now,thescientistswanttoemploytearsforevidenceofotherdiseasesaswellasdepressionoremotionalstress,saysstudycoauthorLukeLee,abioengineeratHarvardMedicalSchool.“Thisisjustthebeginning,”hesays.“Tearsexpresssomethingthatwehaven’treallyexplored.”12．Whatcanwelearnabouthumantears?A．Theycontainmanydiseases. B．Theyareusefulindetectingdisease.C．Theyarethesignofdiabetes. D．Theyhaveadeepimpactonthewholebody.13．Whatismainlytalkedaboutinparagraph4?A．Theprocessofgettingsacs. B．Thedifficultyofcollectingtears.C．Themethodofusingthedevice. D．Thetechniqueofanalyzingtears.14．WhatdoesLukeLeethinkofthefutureoftheresearchintotears?A．Stressful. B．Profitable. C．Challenging. D．Promising.15．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．ASolutiontoEyeDisease.B．ANovelTreatmentforDiabetes.C．ANewTechnologyUsesHumanTeardropstoSpotDisease.D．ABiomedicalEngineerFindsthePotentialUseofHumanTears.7.【2023屆黑龍江省齊齊哈爾市高三下學(xué)期三?！緼multi-institutionalteamofresearchersconductedthefirststudytoevaluatehowthedurationofnightlysleepearlyinthesemesteraffectsfirstyearcollegestudents’end-of-semestergradepointaverage(GPA),UsingFitbitsleeptrackers,theyfoundthatstudentsonaveragesleep6.5hoursanight,butnegativeoutcomesaccumulatewhenstudentsreceivedlessthansixhoursofsleepanight.TheresultsareavailableintheFeb.13issueoftheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.Sleepguidelinesrecommendteenagersget8to10hoursofsleepeverynight.Manycollegestudentsexperienceirregularandinsufficientsleep.DavidCreswell,theWilliamS.DietrichⅡProfessorinPsychologyandNeuroscienceattheDietrichCollegeofHumanitiesandSocialSciences,ledateamofresearcherstoevaluatetherelationshipbetweensleepandGPA．“Animalstudieshaveshownhowcriticalsleepisforlearningandmemory,”saidCreswell.“Hereweshowhowthisworktranslatestohumans.ThelessnightlysleepafirstyearcollegestudentgetsatthebeginningoftheschooltermpredictslowerGPAattheendoftheterm.Lackofsleepmaybehurtingstudents’abilitytolearnintheircollegeclassrooms.”Thestudyevaluatedmorethan600first-yearstudentsacrossfivestudiesatthreeuniversities.ThestudentsworewristFitbitdevicestomonitorandrecordtheirsleeppatterns.Theresearchersfoundthatstudentsinthestudysleeponaverage6.5hoursanight.Moresurprisingly,theresearchersfoundthatstudentswhoreceivelessthansixhoursofsleepexperiencedapronounceddeclineinacademicperformance.Inaddition,eachhourofsleeplostcorrespondedtoa0.07decreaseinend-of-termGPA．“Onceyoustartdipping(下降)belowsixhours,youarestartingtoaccumulatemassivesleepdebtthatcanimpairastudent’shealthandstudyhabits,compromisingthewholesystem,”saidCreswell.“Mostsurprisingtomewasthatnomatterwhatwedidtomaketheeffectgoaway,itpersisted.”12．Whatistherecommendedsleepdurationforteenagerspernight?A．6hours. B．6.5hours.C．8to10hours. D．Over10hours.13．What’sParagraph5mainlytalkingabout?A．Theprocessoftheresearch. B．Thereasonfortheresearch.C．Theresultoftheresearch. D．Theshortageoftheresearch.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“impair”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A．Change. B．Damage.C．Improve. D．Attack.15．WhatsurprisedCreswellmost?A．Sleepcaninfluencecollegestudents’learning.B．Manycollegestudentsexperienceinsufficientsleep.C．Collegestudentshavepooracademicperformanceforlackofsleep.D．Thenegativeeffectofinsufficientsleeponcollegestudentswon’tdisappear.8.【2023屆湖北省荊門市龍泉中學(xué)、荊州中學(xué)、宜昌一中三校高三下學(xué)期5月第二次聯(lián)考】OnatramsmoothlypullingintotheheartofLuxembourgCity,Marckgivesasmileandtakesalookatthefabricoftheseatnexttohim.Forhim,thecity’stramsaremorethanjusttransport.Moreeventhanthefocusofhisjob.Theyareabouttransforminghiscountryand,perhaps,changingtheworld.MarckisthedirectorgeneralofLuxtram,Luxembourg’smoderntrams.Itfirststartedrunningservicestwoyearsago.Nextyear,Luxembourgwillbecometheworld’sonlycountrytogetridoffaresonallitsformsofpublictransport.Luxembourg’strafficproblemscomefromitsarmyofworkers.Thepopulationofthecapitalcityalmostdoublesduringtheworkingday,whenmorethan110,000peopletravelinandout.Afterthreedecadeswhenitsroadshavebecomesocrowded,Luxembourgisgoingtodosomethingremarkable.Freefares,andaplantopersuadepeopletoswitchfromcarstotramsortrains.Marck,alongwithmanyothers,isexcitedtoseewhathappensnext.“Thefactthatthisisfreemeansthateveryonecanuseit—youngorold,richorpoor,”hesaid.“Everyonecansaytothemselvesit’sbettertoleavethecarathome.Wemustcontinuetoimproveandextendthenetwork.Itmustalwaysbecomfortable,well-connected,efficient.”LydiePolfer,thecity’smayor,saysshehopestoreachthepointwheremorethanathirdofpeoplecomeintothecityusingpublictransport—atthemoment,it’slessthanoneinfive.Shesaid,“It’snotpracticaltobancarsbecausesomepeople,liketheelderly,needthem.Buteveryonehastobeawarethatheorshecandosomethingtoimprovethesituatio