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第=page11頁(yè),共=sectionpages11頁(yè)2023-2024學(xué)年安徽省蕪湖市高一(上)期末英語(yǔ)試卷一、閱讀理解:本大題共15小題,共37.5分。APet-friendlytrainridesWhynotconsideragreatpet-friendlytrainrideonyournexttrip?Youcanenjoythelocallandscapeswhilemakingwonderfulmemorieswithyourpet.

SkunkTrain—California

LocatedinNorthernCalifornia'sMendocinoCounty,the131-year-oldSkunk

Traintravelsthroughgrasslandsandmountains.Itofferstworoutechoices.

NoyoRiverCanyon—LeavingfromFortBragg,thistriprunsalongthePuddingCreekEstuaryandthensnakesalongtheNoyoRiver.

CoastalRangeandRedwoods—LeavingfromWillitsandtravelingtoNorthspur,thismountainousroutetravels8.5milesoftrack.

PetPolicy:Dogsaretheonlypetsallowedontheplane,andyouneedtopay$10foryourdogtoridethetrain.

OregonCoastScenicRailroad-Oregon

TheOregonCoastScenicRailroadrunsdailycoastaltripsbetweenGaribaldiandRockawayBeachfrommid-JunetoearlySeptember.WeekendservicelastsfromlateMaytotheendofSeptember.

PetPolicy:Well-behaveddogsarewelcome.Thestaffasksthatfamilieswithdogssitintheopencars,whichoffermorespacetothem.

MonticelloRailwayMuseum—Illinois

TheMonticelloRailwayMuseumisopenfortrainridesonSaturdaysandSundaysfromMaythroughOctoberaspartofthemuseum'seducationalmission.Visitorscangetonthetrainattwostations.You'rewelcometovisitthethemuseumgiftshop.

PetPolicy:petscanridethetrainforfree.Alltypesofpetsarewelcome.

Oil&CreekTitusvilleRailroad—Pennsylvania

ThistrainrideleavesfromPerryStreetStationinTitusville,Pennsylvania.Onthis3-hourround-tripride,you'lllearnaboutthehistoryofPennsylvania'soilindustrywhileyouwatchforducks,deer,andpossiblyablackbear.

PetPolicy:Dogscanridethetrainatacostof$5.Someonemuststaywiththedogatyourseat;youcannotwalkaroundthetrainwithyourdog.1.WhatisspecialaboutSkunkTrain?______A.Itisfreeforpets. B.Ithastworoutesavailable.

C.Itfeatureseducationaltrips. D.Itisanewly-startedtrainride.2.Whichtrainridewelcomespetsofanykind?______A.SkunkTrain B.MonticelloRailwayMuseum

C.OregonCoastScenicRailroad D.OilCrock&TitusvilleRailroad3.WhatcanpassengersdoontheOilCreekTitusvilleRailroad?______A.Watchwildanimalsalongthetrip.

B.Visitthegiftshopateitherstation.

C.Walkaroundthetrainwiththeirdog.

D.LearnaboutthehistoryofIllinois'oilindustry.BManypupilsinschoolthinkofscienceasjustanothersubjectonthetime-tablecontainingmorefactstobelearned.Thisiswrong.Sciencedoesnotmeanbelievingandrememberingwhatotherpeopletellus.Therealscientistexaminesfactsinordertofindoutthetruthforhimself.Thisiscalledthescientificmethod.

Letusseehowscientistsworkandwhatismeantbythescientificmethod.Inthesedayswehearalotaboutscience,butscientists,themenandwomen,whodotheworkandmakethediscoveries,seemdistantandstrangetous.Scienceoftenappearstobeverydifficult,andsometimesevenakindofmagic.Certainlywefeelweshallneverbeabletounderstandhowitworks.Itisdifficultofcourse,butIthinkwearewrongifwebelievethatwecannotunderstandit.Theimportantthingaboutthescientificmethodisthatwegetanswerstoquestionsbymakingtests.Wedonotjustguesstheanswerorbelievewhatanybodytellsus.Infact,insimplewaysweallusethescientificmethodeveryday.

Wecanseefromverysimpleexamplesthatthescientificmethodisnotonlyfortheuseofafewpeoplecalledscientists,butsomethingwecanallusewithadvantage.Butpatienceandhard,carefulworkarenecessarytofindoutthetruth.4.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?______A.Thescientificmethod. B.Thesciencesubject.

C.Thescientificdiscoveries. D.Therealscientists.5.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragreewith?______A.Weallunderstandhowscienceworks.

B.Wearefamiliarwithmostscientists.

C.Wesometimesfeelscienceconfusing.

D.Weknowanswersbymakingguesses.6.Whocanusethescientificmethod?______A.Thescientists. B.Schoolpupils. C.TheScholars. D.Everyone.7.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?______A.Thescientificmethodistoodifficulttouse.

B.Wecanfindoutthetruthfromverysimpleexamples.

C.Careanddiligenceisimportantforthescientificmethod.

D.Thescientificmethodisonlyfortheuseofafewpeople.CABritishwomanwhowona﹩1millionprizeaftershewasnamedtheWorld'sBestTeacherwillusethecashtobringinspirationalfiguresintoUKschools.

AndriaZafirakou,anorthLondonsecondaryschoolteacher,saidshewantedtobringaboutaclassroomrevolution(變革)."Wearegoingtomakeachange,"shesaid."I'vestartedaprojecttopromotetheteachingoftheartsinourschools."

Theprojectresultsfromthedifficultiesmanyschoolshaveingettingartistsofanysort-whetheranup-and-cominglocalmusicianoramajormoviestar-intoschoolstoworkwithandinspirechildren.

ZafirakoubegantheprojectatAlpertonCommunitySchoolherplaceofworkforthepasttwelveyears."I'veseenthosemagicmomentswhenchildrenaretalkingtosomeonetheyareinspiredby-theireyesareshiningandtheirfaceslightup,"shesaid."Weneedartists.morethaneverinourschools."

ArtistMichaelCraig-Martinsaid:"Andria'sbrilliantprojecttobringartistsfromallfieldsintodirectcontactwithchildrenisparticularlywelcomeatatimewhentheartsarebeingdowngradedinschools."Itwasamistaketoseetheartsasunnecessary,headded.

HistorianSirSimonSchamaisalsoasupporteroftheproject.Hesaidthatartseducationinschoolswasnotjustanadd-on."Itisabsolutelynecessary.Thefuturedependsoncreativityandcreativitydependsontheyoung.Whatwillremainofuswhenartificialintelligencetakesoverwillbeourcreativity,anditisourcreativespirit,ourvisionarysenseoffreshness,thathasbeenourstrengthforcenturies."8.WhatwillZafirakoudowithherprizemoney?______A.Makeamovie. B.Buildnewschools.

C.Runaproject. D.Helplocalmusicians.9.WhatdoesCraig-MartinthinkoftheteachingoftheartsinUKschools?______A.Itisparticularlydifficult. B.Itincreasesartists'income.

C.Itopenschildren'smind. D.Itdeservesgreaterattention.10.WhatshouldbestressedinschooleducationaccordingtoSchama?______A.Moralprinciples. B.Interpersonalskills.

C.Creativeabilities. D.Positiveworldviews.11.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?______A.BringArtiststoSchools B.WhenHistoriansMeetArtists

C.ArtsEducationinBritain D.TheWorld'sBestArtsTeacherDOwningapet,likeadogoracat,especiallyforfiveyearsormore,maybelinkedtoslowercognitivedecline(認(rèn)知衰退)inolderadults,accordingtoanewstudy.

"Previousstudieshavesuggestedthatthehuman-animallinkmayhavehealthbenefitslikedecreasingbloodpressureandstress,"saidthestudyauthorTiffanyBraley."Ourresultssuggestraisingpetmayalsobeprotectiveagainstcognitivedecline."

Thestudylookedatcognitivedatafrom1.369senioradultswithanaverageageof65whohadnormalcognitiveskillsatthestartofthestudy.Atotalof53%ownedpetsand32%werelong-termpetownerswhoownedpetsforfiveyearsormore.

ResearchersuseddatafromtheHealthandRetirementStudy.Inthatstudy,peopleweregivenseveralcognitivetests.Researchersusedthosecognitiveteststorecordcognitivescoreforeachperson,rangingfrom0to27.Thescoreincludedcommontestsofsubtraction(減法),numbercountingandwordmemory.Researchersthenusedparticipants'cognitivescorestojudgetheconnectionsbetweenyearsofpetownershipandcognitivefunction.

Oversixyears,thecognitivescoresdecreasedataslowerrateinpetowners.Thisdifferencewasstrongeramonglong-termpetowners.Consideringotherfactorsknowntoaffectcognitivefunction,thestudyshowedthatlong-termpetownersusuallyhadahighercognitivescorecomparedtonon-petowners.Theresearchersalsofoundthatthecognitivebenefitsconnectedwithlongerpetownershipwerestrongerforcollegeeducatedadultsandmen.

"Asstresscannegativelyaffectcognitivefunction,thepossiblestress-reducingeffectsofpetownershipcouldprovideaproperreasonforourfindings,"saidBraley.12.WhatisthefindingofTiffanyBraley'sstudy?______A.Bothdogsandcatsmakeperfectpets.

B.Petsmayhelpkeepthebrainworkwell.

C.Femalestendtobelong-termpetowners.

D.Ahuman-animallinkhelpsdecreasebloodpressure.13.Howdidtheresearcherscarryouttheirstudy?______A.Byreferringtopreviousstudies.

B.Bymonitoringseveralcognitivetests.

C.Bytrackingthechangesincognitivescores.

D.BycorrectingdatafromtheHealthandRetirementStudy.14.WhatisBraley'sattitudetowardsthestudyresults?______A.Puzzled. B.Cautious. C.Surprised. D.Unsatisfied.15.Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?______A.Whyshouldwekeeppets?

B.Howlongshouldwekeeppets?

C.Doesthehuman-animallinkhavehealthbenefits?

D.Dopetshaveapositiveeffectonpeople'sbrainhealth?二、閱讀七選五:本大題共5小題,共12.5分。ThetraditionalChinesesolarcalendardividestheyearinto24solarterms(節(jié)氣).StartofAutumn,the13thsolartermoftheyear,beginsthisyearonAug8andendsonAug22.StartofAutumnmeanstheendofsummerandthebeginningofautumn.(1)______.ThefollowingarefourthingsyoushouldknowaboutStartofAutumn.

Gatheringcrops

(2)______.Itistimetogathercrops.Thereisasaying:"IfitrainsonthedayoftheStartofAutumn,agoodharvestisexpected."

Eatingpeaches

InHangzhou,peopleeatpeachesandprayhealthontheStartofAutumnday.ThepeachstonesarekeptuntilNewYear'sEveandthrownintothestove,burnedintoash.Peoplebelievedthatinthisway,(3)______.

Eatingdumplings

InShandongprovince,peoplemakedumplingsduringtheStartofAutumn,andtheycallit"EatingtheAutumn".OnthedayofStartofAutumn,seniormembersofthefamilywillstandinthemiddleofthehall,theyworship(敬奉;信奉)abowlofcereal,and(4)______.MostofthefamilieswilleatdumplingstogetherafterStartofAutumndayandhavethethirstformorecrops.

Eatinggourds(瓜)

DuringtheQingDynasty(1644-1911),althoughStartofAutumnindicatesthebeginningofautumn,hotweatherwillnotcometoanend.PeoplewouldputgourdsoutsideforadaybeforetheStartofAutumn,and(5)______.TodaypeopleinTianjinbelievethateatingmelonssuchastowelgourd,whitegourdandbittergourdcanpreventdiarrhea(腹瀉)inautumnandthecomingwinterandspring.

A.theyprayfortheharvestinautumn

B.Thefruitfulseasoniscoming

C.theyeatthemonStartofAutumndaytodriveoffthesummerheat

D.StartofAutumnisabigsolartermforfarmers

E.theysincerelyprayforgod

F.plagues(瘟疫)couldbepreventedforthewholeyear

G.theywillgetawayfromghosts16.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空:本大題共15小題,共15分。"Dowhatyoulove,notwhatotherstellyouisright,"saidGeorgiaLines.Recently,Iinterviewedthe24-year-oldsinger-songwriteraboutherriseto(1)______.In2022,GeorgiawasnamedthegreatartistoftheyearattheAotearoaMusicAwardsceremony.

Georgia'ssuccesslooks(2)______,butshehasworkedhardtoperfecthercraft(技藝)."IlovewhatIdo,"shesaid."IloveitwhenIget.(3)______inthemusic,andeverythingworkstogether."Georgiahaswrittenmorethan20(4)______andworkedtogetherwithseveraltop(5)______.Whensheworkswithothers,sheworks(6)______astheycanexchangeideaswitheachother.Whenaskedabouthermusical(7)______,Georgiasmiled."Ihadnomusicaltalentasachild,andI'dneverthoughtIcouldreachthem,"shesaid."ButI(8)______lovedsingingandmusic."

Someenthusiasticcrowdsalways(9)______herconcerts,andGeorgianever(10)______them.Asanartist,Georgiahasa(n)(11)______mind.Shesaid,"Inevercomparemyselfwithothers.Ijust(12)______doingwhatIlove."Thatmeans,focusingonherownartistic(13)______."Comparisonisthe(14)______ofsuccess,"shesaid."IfIhadstoppedto(15)______myselfwithothers,Iwouldn'thavemadeitasfarasIhave."21.A.power B.success C.concern D.luck22.A.easy B.special C.different D.clear23.A.lost B.stuck C.hurt D.locked24.A.reports B.comments C.songs D.novels25.A.reporters B.workers C.actors D.artists26.A.longer B.better C.faster D.harder27.A.dreams B.styles C.abilities D.performances28.A.hardly B.seldom C.always D.sometimes29.A.lookdownon B.lookforwardto C.lookthrough D.lookinto30.A.amuses B.recognizes C.defeats D.fails31.A.interesting B.ordinary C.peaceful D.competitive32.A.practice B.continue C.finish D.avoid33.A.disadvantage B.education C.experiments D.achievements34.A.thief B.secret C.mother D.price35.A.share B.replace C.connect D.compare四、語(yǔ)法填空:本大題共1小題,共15分。36.Thecoloroftheoceanhaschanged(1)______(great)recentlyandhuman-causedclimatechangeisresponsible,accordingto(2)______newstudy.

Morethan56%oftheworld'soceanshavechangedcolor,(3)______cannotbeexplained,saidateamofresearchers,ledbyscientistsfromtheNationalOceanographyCenterintheUK.

Tropical(熱帶的)oceansclosetotheequator(4)______(become)greenerinthelast20years,accordingtothestudy(5)______(publish)inthejournalNature.

"(6)______isnotclearexactlyhowtheseecosystemsarechanging",saidStephaniefromtheCenterforGlobalChangeScience."Allchangesarecausinganimbalanceinthenaturalorganizationofecosystems.Suchimbalancewillonlyget(7)______(bad)overtimeifouroceanskeepheating,"shetoldCNN.

Thoughtheresearchersarestillworkingtounderstandexactly(8)______thechangesmean,theysaidwhatisclearisthatthechangesarebeingdriven(9)______humanbehavior.

Theresearchersstudiedchangesinoceancolorfromspaceby(10)______(watch)howmuchgreenorbluelightisreflectedfromthesurfaceofthesea.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、書(shū)面表達(dá):本大題共2小題,共40分。37.某英文報(bào)社正在進(jìn)行征文活動(dòng),主題是"TheImportanceofLifelongLearning"。請(qǐng)你寫(xiě)一篇短文投稿,內(nèi)容包括:

(1)什么是終身學(xué)習(xí);

(2)終身學(xué)習(xí)的重要性。

注意:寫(xiě)作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右。

TheImportanceofLifelongLearning______38.Amongthedecorativethingsinafifteen-year-oldgirl'sroom,onestoodout—abrightbluevase(花瓶).Notaperfectorbeautifulvase,it'sbrokeninseveralplaces.Theownerofthevasehascarefullyrepairedit,butcracksremain.Ifthisvasecouldtalk,itwouldtellthestoryoftwogirlsandafriendship.

AmyandJunemetonanairplaneontheirwayhomefromBangkokwheretheirfathers,whowerebusinesspartners,wereattendingmeetings.JunesatbehindAmy.Halfwaytowardhome.AmyturnedaroundandgaveJuneabrightbluevase.Juneacceptedit.Theysmiledshylyateachother.Onthatday,asimplefriendshipbetweentwofour-year-oldgirlswasbuilt.

Yearsflewby.AmyandJunegrewuptogether,playedtogether,studiedtogetherand,naturally,becameclosestfriends.Theysupportedandcomfortedeachotherwhenevertheotherfacedsadness,embarrassment,etc.

However,lifeisn'tabedofroses.Peoplechangeastheygrowup.Sometimesthesechangesarehardtoaccept.Andeventhefriendshipcanbedestroyed.WhenAmywas14,sheadmiredagroupofverypopulargirlsinherandJune'sschool.Thus.Amybeganhangingoutwiththemandregardedthemashergoodfriends.

AlthoughJunewashurt,shetriedtobeunderstanding.ShewasstillthereforAmyeachtimeAmyfoundthepopulargirlsdidn'tseemtolikeherandneededashouldertocryon.ButAmywasn'ttherewhenJuneneededher.

Upsetaboutthestateoftheirfriendship,JunefinallyinvitedAmytoherhousetotalk.WhenJunetriedtotalkaboutherdifficultiesandherproblems,Amyturnedherbackonherbysaying."Later."Instead,AmyaskedJuneforideasforwhatshecoulddotobeacceptedbythegroupofgirls.Junebecameangry.

Sheshouted,"WhatamItoyou,Amy?Yourfriendorjustyourlittledog?"Amywasannoyedandshoutedback."Thatisit.June!Ihateyou!"

AmyrushedoutofJune'sroom,shuttingthedoorhardbehindher.

注意:

(1)續(xù)寫(xiě)詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右;

(2)請(qǐng)按如下格式作答。

Abluevaseontheshelfjumpedandfellontothefloor,breakingintopieces.______

WhenJuneopenedthedoor,Amyhandedheragift,saying."Hap,happybirthday.June!"______

答案和解析1~3.【答案】B、B、A【解析】(1)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SkunkTrain—California部分第二段Itofferstworoutechoices.(它提供兩個(gè)路線選擇)可知,SkunkTrain有兩個(gè)可以利用的路線。故選B。

(2)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MonticelloRailwayMuseum—Illinois部分第二段PetPolicy:petscanridethetrainforfree.Alltypesofpetsarewelcome.(寵物政策:寵物可以免費(fèi)乘坐火車(chē)。歡迎所有類(lèi)型的寵物。)可知,MonticelloRailwayMuseum歡迎各種各樣的動(dòng)物。故選B。

(3)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Oil&CreekTitusvilleRailroad—Pennsylvania部分第一段Onthis3-hourround-tripride,you'lllearnaboutthehistoryofPennsylvania'soilindustrywhileyouwatchforducks,deer,andpossiblyablackbear.(在這3小時(shí)的往返旅程中,你將了解賓夕法尼亞州石油工業(yè)的歷史,同時(shí)觀察鴨子、鹿,可能還有黑熊。)可知,乘客在OilCreekTitusville鐵路上可以沿途觀賞野生動(dòng)物。故選A。

本文為應(yīng)用文。本文介紹了幾個(gè)寵物友好的火車(chē)旅行地點(diǎn),包括加州的SkunkTrain、俄勒岡州的OregonCoastScenicRailroad、伊利諾伊州的MonticelloRailwayMuseum和賓夕法尼亞州的Oil&CreekTitusvilleRailroad。這些地方都允許寵物搭乘火車(chē),并且有不同的政策和要求。旅客可以在火車(chē)上欣賞當(dāng)?shù)氐娘L(fēng)景,同時(shí)和自己的寵物一起度過(guò)美好的時(shí)光。

做這類(lèi)題材閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對(duì)文章通讀一遍,做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì)性的找出相關(guān)語(yǔ)句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析。4~7.【答案】A、C、D、C【解析】(1)主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段Sciencedoesnotmeanbelievingandrememberingwhatotherpeopletellus.Therealscientistexaminesfactsinordertofindoutthetruthforhimself.Thisiscalledthescientificmethod.(科學(xué)并不意味著相信和記住別人告訴我們的東西。真正的科學(xué)家檢查事實(shí)是為了自己找出真相。這就是所謂的科學(xué)方法。)可知本文主要講述了科學(xué)不只是記住別人告訴我們的事實(shí),而是通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)和觀察來(lái)找出真相的方法。因此本文的主旨大意是A.Thescientificmethod.(科學(xué)的方法)。故答案為A。

(2)推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段Inthesedayswehearalotaboutscience,butscientists,themenandwomen,whodotheworkandmakethediscoveries,seemdistantandstrangetous.Scienceoftenappearstobeverydifficult,andsometimesevenakindofmagic(如今,我們聽(tīng)到很多關(guān)于科學(xué)的事情,但是科學(xué)家,那些從事工作和做出發(fā)現(xiàn)的男男女女,對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)似乎是遙遠(yuǎn)而陌生的。科學(xué)常常顯得非常困難,有時(shí)甚至是一種魔法)可知作者同意我們有時(shí)感到科學(xué)令人困惑。故答案為C。

(3)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段Infact,insimplewaysweallusethescientificmethodeveryday.(事實(shí)上,簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō),我們每天都在使用科學(xué)方法。)可知每個(gè)人都能使用科學(xué)方法。故答案為D。

(4)推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段Wecanseefromverysimpleexamplesthatthescientificmethodisnotonlyfortheuseofafewpeoplecalledscientists,butsomethingwecanallusewithadvantage.Butpatienceandhard,carefulworkarenecessarytofindoutthetruth.(我們可以從非常簡(jiǎn)單的例子中看出,科學(xué)方法不僅僅是供少數(shù)被稱(chēng)為科學(xué)家的人使用的,而是我們所有人都可以有利地使用的東西。但是耐心和艱苦細(xì)致的工作是查明真相所必需的。)可知細(xì)心和勤奮對(duì)科學(xué)方法很重要。故答案為C。

本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要講述了科學(xué)不只是記住別人告訴我們的事實(shí),而是通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)和觀察來(lái)找出真相的方法。

一、速讀全文,了解大意知主題。

閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度和理解能力兩個(gè)方面。閱讀速度是閱讀最基本的能力,考生必須在十分有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)運(yùn)用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀,搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句,捕捉時(shí)空、順序、情節(jié)、人物、觀點(diǎn),并且理清文章脈絡(luò),把握語(yǔ)篇實(shí)質(zhì)。

二、看題干,帶著問(wèn)題讀文章。

首先要掌握問(wèn)題的類(lèi)型,客觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案;而主觀判斷題考查的是對(duì)文章的感情基調(diào)等,這類(lèi)題必須經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)作者的態(tài)度、意圖以及對(duì)整篇文章進(jìn)行深一層的推理等。其次,了解試題題干以及各個(gè)選項(xiàng)所包含的信息,然后有針對(duì)性地對(duì)文章進(jìn)行掃讀,對(duì)有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定位。此法加強(qiáng)了閱讀的針對(duì)性,提高了做題的準(zhǔn)確率。

三、邏輯推理,做好深層理解題。

在實(shí)際閱讀中,有時(shí)作者并未把意圖說(shuō)出來(lái),閱讀者要根據(jù)字面意思,通過(guò)語(yǔ)篇邏輯關(guān)系,研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示,推敲作者的態(tài)度,理解文章的寓義。要求讀者對(duì)文字的表面信息進(jìn)行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理,不能就事論事,以偏概全。推理題在提問(wèn)中常用的詞有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。

四、猜詞悟義,掃除閱讀攔路虎。

猜詞是應(yīng)用英語(yǔ)的重要能力。它不但需要準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤地理解上下文,而且要有較大的泛讀量,掌握或認(rèn)識(shí)較多的課外詞匯。我們要學(xué)會(huì)"順藤摸瓜",通過(guò)構(gòu)詞,語(yǔ)法,定義,同位,對(duì)比,因果,常識(shí),上下文等線索確定詞義。8~11.【答案】C、A、C、A【解析】(1)C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段"AndriaZafirakou,anorthLondonsecondaryschoolteacher,saidshewantedtobringaboutaclassroomrevolution."Wearegoingtomakeachange,"shesaid."I'vestartedaprojecttopromotetheteachingoftheartsinourschools"(倫敦北部中學(xué)教師AndriaZafirakou表示,她想掀起一場(chǎng)課堂革命。"我們將做出改變,"她說(shuō)。"我已經(jīng)啟動(dòng)了一個(gè)項(xiàng)目,以促進(jìn)我們學(xué)校的藝術(shù)教學(xué)。")"可知,Zafirakou打算用自己的獎(jiǎng)金運(yùn)行一個(gè)項(xiàng)目。故選C。

(2)A.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段"Theprojectresultsfromthedifficultiesmanyschoolshaveingettingartistsofanysort-whetheranup-and-cominglocalmusicianoramajormoviestar-intoschoolstoworkwithandinspirechildren.(許多學(xué)校很難讓任何類(lèi)型的藝術(shù)家——無(wú)論是當(dāng)?shù)貚渎额^角的音樂(lè)家還是主要的電影明星——進(jìn)入學(xué)校,與孩子們一起工作并激勵(lì)他們,因此才有了這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。)"可知,Craig-Martin認(rèn)為,英國(guó)學(xué)校的藝術(shù)教學(xué)尤其困難。故選A。

(3)C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段"Itisabsolutelynecessary.Thefuturedependsoncreativityandcreativitydependsontheyoung.(這是絕對(duì)必要的。未來(lái)取決于創(chuàng)造力,而創(chuàng)造力取決于年輕人。)"可知,Schama認(rèn)為學(xué)校教育應(yīng)該強(qiáng)調(diào)創(chuàng)造力。故選C。

(4)A.標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)文章第二段"AndriaZafirakou,anorthLondonsecondaryschoolteacher,saidshewantedtobringaboutaclassroomrevolution."Wearegoingtomakeachange,"shesaid."I'vestartedaprojecttopromotetheteachingoftheartsinourschools."(倫敦北部中學(xué)教師AndriaZafirakou表示,她想掀起一場(chǎng)課堂革命。"我們將做出改變,"她說(shuō)。"我已經(jīng)啟動(dòng)了一個(gè)項(xiàng)目,以促進(jìn)我們學(xué)校的藝術(shù)教學(xué)。")"可知,文章講述了AndriaZafirakou用自己的獎(jiǎng)金啟動(dòng)了一個(gè)項(xiàng)目,將藝術(shù)家?guī)нM(jìn)學(xué)校,促進(jìn)藝術(shù)教學(xué)。故選A。

這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了英國(guó)一名女子在被評(píng)為世界最佳教師后獲得了100萬(wàn)英鎊的獎(jiǎng)金,她將用這筆獎(jiǎng)金發(fā)起一個(gè)項(xiàng)目,讓藝術(shù)家進(jìn)入學(xué)校。

閱讀理解題測(cè)試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力,要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系,對(duì)未說(shuō)明的趨勢(shì)或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷;或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點(diǎn)理論,對(duì)文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋。考生首先要仔細(xì)閱讀短文,完整了解信息,準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點(diǎn)。12~15.【答案】B、C、B、D【解析】(1)推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段Ourresultssuggestraisingpetmayalsobeprotectiveagainstcognitivedecline(我們的研究結(jié)果表明,養(yǎng)寵物也可以防止認(rèn)知能力下降)可知蒂芙尼?布雷利的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),寵物可能有助于保持大腦正常工作。故答案為B。

(2)推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段Inthatstudy,peopleweregivenseveralcognitivetests.Researchersusedthosecognitiveteststorecordcognitivescoreforeachperson,rangingfrom0to27.Thescoreincludedcommontestsofsubtraction(減法),numbercountingandwordmemory.Researchersthenusedparticipants'cognitivescorestojudgetheconnectionsbetweenyearsofpetownershipandcognitivefunction.(在那項(xiàng)研究中,人們接受了幾項(xiàng)認(rèn)知測(cè)試。研究人員使用這些認(rèn)知測(cè)試記錄每個(gè)人的認(rèn)知得分,范圍從0到27。該分?jǐn)?shù)包括減法、數(shù)字計(jì)數(shù)和單詞記憶的常見(jiàn)測(cè)試。研究人員隨后利用參與者的認(rèn)知得分來(lái)判斷養(yǎng)寵物的年限與認(rèn)知功能之間的聯(lián)系。)可知研究人員通過(guò)跟蹤認(rèn)知得分的變化來(lái)進(jìn)行研究。故答案為C。

(3)觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章最后一段"Asstresscannegativelyaffectcognitivefunction,thepossiblestress-reducingeffectsofpetownershipcouldprovideaproperreasonforourfindings,"saidBraley.("由于壓力會(huì)對(duì)認(rèn)知功能產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響,養(yǎng)寵物可能減輕壓力的效果可以為我們的發(fā)現(xiàn)提供一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)睦碛桑?布拉利說(shuō)。)可知布雷利對(duì)研究結(jié)果的態(tài)度是謹(jǐn)慎的。故答案為B。

(4)標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)文章第一段Owningapet,likeadogoracat,especiallyforfiveyearsormore,maybelinkedtoslowercognitivedecline(認(rèn)知衰退)inolderadults,accordingtoanewstudy.(根據(jù)一項(xiàng)新的研究,養(yǎng)一只寵物,比如一只狗或一只貓,尤其是養(yǎng)五年或更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,可能與老年人認(rèn)知能力下降速度較慢有關(guān)。)可知本文主要講述了寵物可能有助于保持大腦正常工作。因此D.Dopetshaveapositiveeffectonpeople'sbrainhealth?(寵物對(duì)人的大腦健康有積極影響嗎?)是本文的最佳標(biāo)題。故答案為D。

本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要講述了一項(xiàng)新研究發(fā)現(xiàn),擁有寵物,尤其是狗或貓,尤其是五年或更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,可能與老年人認(rèn)知能力下降速度較慢有關(guān)。

一、速讀全文,了解大意知主題。

閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度和理解能力兩個(gè)方面。閱讀速度是閱讀最基本的能力,考生必須在十分有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)運(yùn)用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀,搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句,捕捉時(shí)空、順序、情節(jié)、人物、觀點(diǎn),并且理清文章脈絡(luò),把握語(yǔ)篇實(shí)質(zhì)。

二、看題干,帶著問(wèn)題讀文章。

首先要掌握問(wèn)題的類(lèi)型,客觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案;而主觀判斷題考查的是對(duì)文章的感情基調(diào)等,這類(lèi)題必須經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)作者的態(tài)度、意圖以及對(duì)整篇文章進(jìn)行深一層的推理等。其次,了解試題題干以及各個(gè)選項(xiàng)所包含的信息,然后有針對(duì)性地對(duì)文章進(jìn)行掃讀,對(duì)有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定位。此法加強(qiáng)了閱讀的針對(duì)性,提高了做題的準(zhǔn)確率。

三、邏輯推理,做好深層理解題。

在實(shí)際閱讀中,有時(shí)作者并未把意圖說(shuō)出來(lái),閱讀者要根據(jù)字面意思,通過(guò)語(yǔ)篇邏輯關(guān)系,研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示,推敲作者的態(tài)度,理解文章的寓義。要求讀者對(duì)文字的表面信息進(jìn)行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理,不能就事論事,以偏概全。推理題在提問(wèn)中常用的詞有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。

四、猜詞悟義,掃除閱讀攔路虎。

猜詞是應(yīng)用英語(yǔ)的重要能力。它不但需要準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤地理解上下文,而且要有較大的泛讀量,掌握或認(rèn)識(shí)較多的課外詞匯。我們要學(xué)會(huì)"順藤摸瓜",通過(guò)構(gòu)詞,語(yǔ)法,定義,同位,對(duì)比,因果,常識(shí),上下文等線索確定詞義。16~20.【答案】B、D、F、A、C【解析】(1)聯(lián)系下文題。根據(jù)下文ThefollowingarefourthingsyoushouldknowaboutStartofAutumn.(以下是關(guān)于立秋你應(yīng)該知道的四件事。)可知上文可能說(shuō)明秋天要來(lái)了,所以選項(xiàng)B"豐碩的季節(jié)即將來(lái)臨"符合語(yǔ)境,故選B。

(2)聯(lián)系下文題。根據(jù)下文Itistimetogathercrops.(是時(shí)候收割莊稼了。)可知收割莊稼是農(nóng)民的事情,所以選項(xiàng)D"對(duì)農(nóng)民來(lái)說(shuō),立秋對(duì)農(nóng)民來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)重要的節(jié)氣"符合語(yǔ)境,故選D。

(3)聯(lián)系上文題。根據(jù)上文ThepeachstonesarekeptuntilNewYear'sEveandthrownintothestove,burnedintoash.Peoplebelievedthatinthisway,(桃核一直保存到除夕,然后扔進(jìn)爐子里燒成灰燼。人們相信通過(guò)這種方式,)可知下文說(shuō)明這種做法的結(jié)果,所以選項(xiàng)F"全年都可以預(yù)防瘟疫"符合語(yǔ)境,故選F。

(4)聯(lián)系上文題。根據(jù)上文OnthedayofStartofAutumn,seniormembersofthefamilywillstandinthemiddleofthehall,theyworship(敬奉;信奉)abowlofcereal(在立秋那天,家里的長(zhǎng)輩會(huì)站在大廳的中央,供奉一碗麥片),可知下文講述這樣做的理由,所以選項(xiàng)A"他們?yōu)榍锾斓氖粘善矶\"符合語(yǔ)境,故選A。

(5)聯(lián)系上文題。根據(jù)上文DuringtheQingDynasty(1644-1911),althoughStartofAutumnindicatesthebeginningofautumn,hotweatherwillnotcometoanend.PeoplewouldputgourdsoutsideforadaybeforetheStartofAutumn(在清朝(1644-1911),雖然立秋意味著秋天的開(kāi)始,但炎熱的天氣不會(huì)結(jié)束。立秋前,人們會(huì)在室外放一天葫蘆),可知下文會(huì)解釋這樣做的原因是驅(qū)暑,所以選項(xiàng)C"他們?cè)诹⑶锬翘斐运鼈儊?lái)驅(qū)暑"符合語(yǔ)境,故選C。

這是一篇說(shuō)明文,主要講述了立秋時(shí)人們常做的四件事。

關(guān)于選句填空的做題步驟:

步驟一:快速瀏覽一遍備選答案,先確定哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)適合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置:標(biāo)題,句首,句中,句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。

步驟二:快速瀏覽文章,確定文章體裁,抓住文章結(jié)構(gòu)。

步驟三:分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu),找出各段的主題句或主旨大意。

步驟四:注意各選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的句子銜接手段,尋找句中銜接標(biāo)志詞。

步驟五:區(qū)分相似項(xiàng)。21~35.【答案】B、A、A、C、D、B、A、C、B、D、C、B、D、A、D【解析】(1)考查名詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.power力量;B.success成功;C.concern關(guān)心;D.luck運(yùn)氣。句意:最近,我采訪了這位24歲的創(chuàng)作歌手,了解她的成功之路。根據(jù)下句In2022,GeorgiawasnamedthegreatartistoftheyearattheAotearoaMusicAwardsceremony.可知2022年,喬治亞在奧特羅亞音樂(lè)頒獎(jiǎng)典禮上被評(píng)為年度最佳藝術(shù)家。說(shuō)明她走向了成功之路。故答案為B。

(2)考查形容詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.easy容易的;B.special特殊的;C.different不同的;D.clear清楚的。句意:?jiǎn)讨蝸喌某晒雌饋?lái)很容易,但她一直在努力完善自己的技藝。根據(jù)下句butshehasworkedhardtoperfecthercraft可知但她一直在努力完善自己的技藝,說(shuō)明喬治亞的成功看起來(lái)很容易,故答案為A。

(3)考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.lost丟失;B.stuck卡??;C.hurt傷害;D.locked上鎖。句意:我喜歡沉浸在音樂(lè)中的感覺(jué),一切都很和諧。根據(jù)上句"IlovewhatIdo,"shesaid.可知"我熱愛(ài)我的工作,"她說(shuō)。說(shuō)明她喜歡沉浸在音樂(lè)中的感覺(jué),getlostin迷失在……。故答案為A。

(4)考查名詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.reports報(bào)道;B.comments評(píng)論;C.songs歌曲;D.novels小說(shuō)。句意:?jiǎn)讨蝸唲?chuàng)作了20多首歌曲,并與幾位頂級(jí)藝術(shù)家合作。根據(jù)前文RecentlyIinterviewedthe24-year-oldsinger-songwriteraboutherriseto(1)可知我采訪了這位24歲的創(chuàng)作歌手,了解她的成功之路。說(shuō)明喬治亞創(chuàng)作了20多首歌曲,故答案為C。

(5)考查名詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.reporters記者;B.workers工人;C.actors男演員;D.artists藝術(shù)家。句意:?jiǎn)讨蝸唲?chuàng)作了20多首歌曲,并與幾位頂級(jí)藝術(shù)家合作。根據(jù)下句Whensheworkswithothers,sheworks(6)astheycanexchangeideaswitheachother可知當(dāng)她和其他人一起工作時(shí),她工作得更好,因?yàn)樗麄兛梢曰ハ嘟涣飨敕?。說(shuō)明她與幾位頂級(jí)藝術(shù)家合作。故答案為D。

(6)考查副詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.longer更長(zhǎng)地;B.better更好地;C.faster更快地;D.harder更難地。句意:當(dāng)她和其他人一起工作時(shí),她工作得更好,因?yàn)樗麄兛梢曰ハ嘟涣飨敕?。根?jù)空后astheycanexchangeideaswitheachother.可知因?yàn)樗麄兛梢曰ハ嘟涣飨敕?,所以她工作得更好。故答案為B。

(7)考查名詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.dreams夢(mèng);B.styles風(fēng)格;C.abilities能力;D.performances表演。句意:當(dāng)被問(wèn)及她的音樂(lè)夢(mèng)想時(shí),喬治亞笑了。根據(jù)下句Ihadnomusicaltalentasachild,andI'dneverthoughtIcouldreachthem,"shesaid."ButI(8)lovedsingingandmusic."可知我小時(shí)候沒(méi)有音樂(lè)天賦,我從來(lái)沒(méi)有想過(guò)我能達(dá)到他們的水平,她說(shuō)。"但是我一直喜歡唱歌和音樂(lè)。"說(shuō)明她被問(wèn)及了音樂(lè)夢(mèng)想。故答案為A。

(8)考查副詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.hardly幾乎不;B.seldom很少;C.always總是;D.sometimes有時(shí)。句意:但我一直喜歡唱歌和音樂(lè)。根據(jù)前文"IlovewhatIdo,"shesaid.可知"我熱愛(ài)我的工作,"她說(shuō)。說(shuō)明她一直喜歡唱歌和音樂(lè)。故答案為C。

(9)考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)及語(yǔ)境理解。A.lookdownon看不起;B.lookforwardto期盼;C.lookthrough瀏覽;D.lookinto調(diào)查。句意:一些熱情的觀眾總是期待著她的音樂(lè)會(huì),而喬治亞從未讓他們失望過(guò)。根據(jù)常識(shí)和空后herconcerts可知一些熱情的觀眾總是期待著她的音樂(lè)會(huì),故答案為B。

(10)考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.amuses娛樂(lè);B.recognizes識(shí)別;C.defeats打??;D.fails失敗。句意:一些熱情的觀眾總是期待著她的音樂(lè)會(huì),而喬治亞從未讓他們失望過(guò)。根據(jù)前文In2022,GeorgiawasnamedthegreatartistoftheyearattheAotearoaMusicAwardsceremony.可知2022年,喬治亞在奧特羅亞音樂(lè)頒獎(jiǎng)典禮上被評(píng)為年度最佳藝術(shù)家。說(shuō)明喬治亞從未讓觀眾們失望過(guò)。故答案為D。

(11)考查形容詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.interesting有趣的;B.ordinary普通的;C.peaceful平和的;D.competitive競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的。句意:作為一名藝術(shù)家,喬治亞有一顆平和的心。根據(jù)下句Shesaid,"Inevercomparemyselfwithothers.Ijust(12)doingwhatIlove."可知她說(shuō):"我從不拿自己和別人比較。我只是繼續(xù)做我喜歡的事情。"說(shuō)明喬治亞有一顆平和的心。故答案為C。

(12)考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.practice練習(xí);B.continue繼續(xù);C.finish完成;D.avoid避免。句意:我只是繼續(xù)做我喜歡的事情。根據(jù)前文"IlovewhatIdo,"shesaid.可知"我熱愛(ài)我的工作,"她說(shuō)。說(shuō)明她只是繼續(xù)做她喜歡的事情。故答案為B。

(13)考查名詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.disadvantage劣勢(shì);B.education教育;C.experiments實(shí)驗(yàn);D.achievements成就。句意:這意味著,專(zhuān)注于她自己的藝術(shù)成就。根據(jù)上句Shesaid,"Inevercomparemyselfwithothers.Ijust(12)doingwhatIlove."可知她說(shuō):"我從不拿自己和別人比較。我只是繼續(xù)做我喜歡的事情。"說(shuō)明她專(zhuān)注于她自己的藝術(shù)成就。故答案為D。

(14)考查名詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.thief小偷;B.secret秘密;C.mother母親;D.price價(jià)格。句意:"比較是成功的小偷,"她說(shuō)。"如果我停下來(lái)和別人比較,

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