2021新高考英語人教版一輪復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案第一編選修8Unit1Alandofdiversity

Unit1Alandofdiversity晨背分鐘填詞并背記ImmigratetoAmericaAttractedbytheboominAmerica,mynephewteamed_up_withaKoreantoillegallycrosstheBearingStraitintheArctictoAmerica.ToavoidtheCustomspunishment,_theyhidinasmallferrycalledtheNorthPoleSeagull,_sittingback_to_backwithoutsleeping,showeringandshavingfor3days,andhadnochancetomourntheirlostluggagewhenlanding.Thehardshipofthiscrossingwasapparent.Atfirst,hemadealivingby_means_ofraisingcattleandthenwashiredinaircraftindustries.HelivedinaCatholicdistrict.BesidesasmallpercentageofPakistaniimmigrants,themajorityoftheresidentswerefromItalyandDenmark,_whoallkept_uptheircustomsandcultures.Differentblockshereweredistinctlymarked_outandindicatedfromtheracialangle.Itwasunfairandneededreforming.Butwithnowhereelsetogo,mynephewlived_onandmanagedtomake_a_lifeforhimself.Mynephew'sfortunecamewhenhebravelyhelpedaconductorbrake_a_reamtostopitfromslippingoutoftherails.ThemanwaselectedvicechairmanoftheSocialistPartylater.Itoccurredtomynephewthathecouldgraspthisopportunitytoaskforhishelp.ThemanwhowasthankfulhelpedhimapplytothecivilauthorityfortherighttoliveinAmericabyinsertinghisbravedeedintohisdocuments.Unlikea_great_manyotherapplicants,_hisapplicationwasapprovedbytheFederal_Justice_Ministry.Beforelong,hestartedhisownbakeryandlivedabetterlife.移民美國因?yàn)槭艿矫绹睒s的吸引，我的侄子與一名韓國人合作，從北極的白令海峽偷渡到美國。為了避開海關(guān)的懲處，他們躲在一艘叫“北極海鷗”的小型渡輪里，背靠背坐著，整整3天沒有睡覺、洗澡和刮胡子，上岸的時(shí)候也沒有機(jī)會(huì)心痛他們丟失的行李，這次橫渡的艱辛是顯而易見的。起初，他借助飼養(yǎng)牲畜謀生，后來受雇于飛機(jī)制造工業(yè)。他住的地方是一個(gè)天主教區(qū)，除了包括一小部分(百分比)的巴基斯坦移民，大部分的居民都來自于意大利和丹麥。他們都保持著自己的風(fēng)俗和文化，使這里的街區(qū)都從種族的角度清楚地劃出界線，明確標(biāo)示。這很不公平，極需改革，但我的侄子沒別的地方可去，只好繼續(xù)居住下去，想方設(shè)法開始新的生活。我侄子的好運(yùn)在他勇敢地幫助一名列車員剎停一列電車以防止其滑出軌道時(shí)到來了。那個(gè)人后來被選為社會(huì)黨的副主席。我侄子就想到應(yīng)該抓住機(jī)會(huì)請(qǐng)求他的幫助。這個(gè)人充滿感激，立即把我侄子的勇敢事跡插入到申請(qǐng)文件中，幫助我侄子向美國國內(nèi)政權(quán)當(dāng)局申請(qǐng)美國居住權(quán)。不像別的許多申請(qǐng)人，我侄子的申請(qǐng)很快被聯(lián)邦司法部批準(zhǔn)了。不久，他就開了自己的面包店，過上了稍好一點(diǎn)的生活。1．distinct(adj.)清晰的；明顯的；明確的→distinction(n.)差別；區(qū)分；卓著→distinctive(adj.)獨(dú)特的；特別的2．elect(vt.)選擇；決定做某事；選舉某人→election(n.)選舉3．racial(adj.)種族的；人種的→race(n.)種族；比賽→racism(n.)種族主義；種族歧視4．a(chǎn)pplicant(n.)申請(qǐng)人→apply(vi.)申請(qǐng)→application(n.)申請(qǐng)書；申請(qǐng)5．customs(n.)海關(guān)；關(guān)稅；進(jìn)口稅→custom(n.)風(fēng)俗；習(xí)慣→customer(n.)顧客；主顧6．socialist(n.)社會(huì)主義者；社會(huì)黨人(adj.)社會(huì)主義者的→social(adj.)社會(huì)的→socialism(n.)社會(huì)主義→society(n.)社會(huì)7．a(chǎn)pparent(adj.)顯而易見的；顯然的；表面上的→apparently(adv.)顯然地；顯而易見地8．conductor(n.)(公車)售票員；列車員；(樂隊(duì))指揮→conduct(vt.)組織；安排9．slip(vi.)滑動(dòng)；滑行；滑跤(n.)滑動(dòng)；滑倒→slipper(n.)拖鞋→slippery(adj.)滑的；狡猾的10．hire(vt.&n．)租用；雇用→fire(反義詞)(vt.)解雇11．punishment(n.)處罰；懲罰→punish(vt.)懲罰12．keepup堅(jiān)持；維持；沿襲(風(fēng)俗、傳統(tǒng)等)13．a(chǎn)pplyfor申請(qǐng)；提出申請(qǐng)重點(diǎn)知識(shí)分鐘majorityn.大多數(shù)；大半(P2)單句語法填空①Whatshehasjustsaiddoesn'tcorrespondwiththeviewsofthe________(major)．②Anagreementseemstobeimpossiblebecausethemajorityofthemitteemembers________(be)againstit.③IgraduatedfromChongqingNormalUniversityandmajored________informationmanagement.答案：①majority②are③in(1)the_majority_of...＝mostof...大多數(shù)beina/themajority構(gòu)成大多數(shù)/占多數(shù)(2)majoradj.主要的vi.專修；主攻majorin主修(3)minorityn.少數(shù)；少數(shù)派；少數(shù)民族→minoradj.較小的；次要的[名師點(diǎn)津](1)themajority單獨(dú)用作主語時(shí)，若強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；若強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，謂語動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。(2)“themajorityof＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”用作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。occurvi.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)(P5)(1)單句語法填空①Frequent________(occur)ofnaturaldisastersinrecentyearshavecausedgreatlossesintheAsian-Pacificregion.②Itoccurredtohim________hehadn'teatenanythingsincethenightbefore.答案：①occurrence②that(2)一句多譯我突然想到，自上封信以來，已經(jīng)有太長時(shí)間沒收到華萊士的信了。①________________________ithadbeentoolongsinceIheardfromWallace.(strike)②________________________ithadbeentoolongsinceIheardfromWallace.(occur)答案：①Itstruckmethat②Itoccurredtomethat(1)sth.occurstosb.＝sth.strikessb.＝sth.estosb.某人想起某事(2)It_occurs_tosb.todosth.某人想起做某事(3)It_occurs_tosb.that...＝Itstrikes/hitssb.that...某人想起某事(4)occurred(occur的過去式/過去分詞)occurrencen.發(fā)生；事件；出現(xiàn)indicatevt.指出；標(biāo)示；表明；暗示(P7)單句語法填空①Withanodofhishead,heindicated________mewhereIshouldsit.②Hegaveno________(indicate)thathewasreadytopromise.③ThehorseisafrequentthemeinChinesepainting,________(indicate)akindofadvancement.④Thebell________(indicate)theendoftheperiodrang,interruptingourheateddiscussion.答案：①to②indication③indicating④indicating(1)indicatesth.tosb.向某人指出/暗示某物indicatethat...示意；表明……(2)indicationn.指示；象征；預(yù)示Thereisnoindication_that...無跡象表明……Therearesomeindications_that...有跡象表明……(3)indicatorn.指示器；指示牌bymeansof...用……辦法；借助……(P2)(1)單句語法填空①Everypossiblemeans________(try),andwefindonlybythismeansisitpossibletopersuadehim.②Allpossiblemeans________(try),butwestillcan'tworkouttheproblem.③I'vetriedveryhardtoimprovemyEnglish.Butbynomeans________(be)theteachersatisfiedwithmyprogress.答案：①hasbeentried②havebeentried③is(2)用means相關(guān)短語的適當(dāng)形式填空①Shecouldnotspeak,butmadeherwishesknown________________signs.②Thisis________________thefirsttimeyouhavebeenlate.③Thelocalarmymenhelpedthevictimsoftheearthquake________________attheirmand.答案：①bymeansof②bynomeans③byeverymeansmeansn.方法；手段→meaningn.意思→meanv.打算；意味→meaningful_adj.有意義的bythismeans用這種方法bynomeans＝innoway＝innocase＝onnoaccount＝atnotime決不；一點(diǎn)也不(放在句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝語序)byeverymeans用盡辦法；想方設(shè)法byallmeans(用于交際英語表示同意)當(dāng)然可以；沒問題[名師點(diǎn)津]means用作“方式；方法”講時(shí)單復(fù)數(shù)同形。若all/some/several/manymeans作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。若every/each/one/ameans作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。makealife習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等(P2)用life相關(guān)短語的適當(dāng)形式填空①TheysettleddowninCanadaand________________forthemselves.②Toourgreatjoy,he________________soon.③Onthatnight,itwasbelievedthatthespiritsofthedeadwouldtryto________________.答案：①madealife②cametolife③ebacktolife(1)e_tolife振作起來；變得活躍live/leada...life過著……的生活e_back_tolife蘇醒過來；恢復(fù)生氣bring...back_tolife使……蘇醒過來(2)make/earna/one'sliving謀生(3)makeit成功；到達(dá)某地[圖解助記]teamupwith(＝cooperatewith)與……合作或一起工作(P8)用teamupwith/keepupwith/putupwith/endupwith的適當(dāng)形式填空①Shealwaysstaysuplatetostudyinorderto________________theothers.②It'stoodelightfulofyoutobesonicetohim,and________________allhistiresomestories.③Theparty________________asongthateveryonewasfamiliarwith.④Ineedto________________yourfirminabusinessproject.Couldyouputmethroughtoyourboss?答案：①keepupwith②putupwith③endedupwith④teamupwithkeepupwith跟上catchupwith趕上putupwith忍受；容忍endupwith以……結(jié)束takein包括；領(lǐng)會(huì)；理解；欺騙；收留；吸收(P8)(1)寫出下列句中takein的含義①Thepricetakesinthecostofalltheacmodationandfood.________②Brett'salwaystakinginstrayanimals.________③Don'tbetakeninbyproductspromisingtomakeyouloseweightquickly.________④Ifounditeasytotakeinwhattheprofessorhadsaid.________⑤Itissaidthatblacktakesinmoreheatthanwhite.________答案：①包括②收留③欺騙④理解⑤吸收(2)用take相關(guān)短語的適當(dāng)形式填空①I'msorryIwasrude;I____________everythingIsaid.②Wefinditdifficultto____________whatheteaches.③I'll____________thestorywhereIfinishedyesterday.④Whenthepicturewas____________，thewalllookedverybare.⑤Wouldyoulikemeto____________thedrivingforawhile?⑥BillGatesisreallyagreatman,whosecareer____________inhisearlythirties.答案：①takeback②takein③takeup④takendown⑤takeover⑥tookoffagreat/goodmany許多；很多(P8)單句語法填空①Ourinstitutehasorderedagreatmany________(instrument)fromthepany.②Agoodmanynewbooks________(publish)bytheForeignLanguagePresslastmonth.③Largequantitiesofoil________(discover)inaplacenearmyhometownrecently.答案：①instruments②werepublished③havebeendiscovered(1)eq\b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(many,agreat/goodmany,agood/largenumberof,quiteafew))eq\a\vs4\al(＋可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù),＋復(fù)數(shù)謂語)(2)eq\b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(much,agood/greatdealof,alargeamountof))＋不可數(shù)名詞＋單數(shù)謂語(3)amassof＋可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞(謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與of后的名詞的數(shù)保持一致)(4)eq\b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(quantitiesof,massesof))＋不可數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)＋復(fù)數(shù)謂語However,itislikelythatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.(P2)(1)單句語法填空①Themorestressyouareunder,the________(likely)youaretocatchacold.②Theyarelikely________(fire)bythepanyjustbecauseoftheirfault.答案：①morelikely②tobefired(2)一句多譯當(dāng)你在山里旅行時(shí)，你很可能會(huì)遇到大型野生動(dòng)物。①You________________________________largewildanimalswhiletravellinginthemountain.②________________________________largewildanimalswhiletravellinginthemountain.答案：①areverylikelytoeacross②It'sverylikelythatyouwilleacrossItislikelythat...“很可能……”。本句中it為形式主語，真正的主語是that引導(dǎo)的主語從句。句中l(wèi)ikely為形容詞，意為“可能的”。其近義詞有possible,probable。[易混辨析]否定形式副詞形式常用句型likelyunlikelylikely①Itislikely＋that從句②sb.belikelytodosth.，但一般不用于“Itislikelyforsb.todosth.”中possibleimpossiblepossibly①Itispossible(forsb.)todosth.②Itispossible＋that從句，但不用于“sb.bepossibletodosth.”中probableimprobableprobablyItisprobable＋that從句BythetimeCaliforniaelectedtobeethethirty-firstfederalstateoftheUSAin1850,itwasalreadyamulticulturalsociety.(P2)單句語法填空①Bythetimetheyarrived,thefamousastronaut________(leave)thehall.②Bythetimeshegetshome,hermother________(leave)forLondontoattendameeting.③WhenItalkedwithmygrandmaonthephone,shesoundedweak,butbythetimewe________(hang)up,hervoicehadbeenfulloflife.答案：①hadleft②willhaveleft③hungbythetime意為“到……的時(shí)候”，是一個(gè)介詞短語，在句中起連接作用，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。其用法如下：(1)如從句謂語是一般過去時(shí)，則主句用過去完成時(shí)；(2)如從句謂語是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，則主句用將來完成時(shí)；(3)如主句動(dòng)作不強(qiáng)調(diào)已經(jīng)完成，只是說明某個(gè)時(shí)候的狀況，此時(shí)主句不用完成時(shí)，而應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)際需要選用適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)，此時(shí)bythetime相當(dāng)于when。課文語法填空分鐘ExactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhatwenowknowasCalifornia,noonereallyknows.However,__1__islikelythatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.Scientistsbelievethatthesesettlers__2__(cross)theBeringStraitintheArctictoAmericabymeansofalandbridgewhichexistedinprehistorictimes.Inthe16thcentury,afterthe__3__(arrive)oftheEuropeans,thenativepeoplesuffered__4__(great).Thousandswerekilledorforcedintoslavery.__5__addition,manydiedfromthediseasesbroughtbytheEuropeans.However,somesurvivedtheterribletimes,andtodaytherearemoreNativeAmericans__6__(live)inCaliforniathaninanyotherstate.Inthe18thcenturyCalifornia__7__(rule)bySpain.SpanishsoldiersfirstarrivedinSouthAmericaintheearly16thcentury,whentheyfoughtagainstthenativepeopleandtook__8__(they)land.Twocenturieslater,theSpanishhadsettledinmostpartsofSouthAmericaandalongthenorthwestcoastofwhatwenowcalltheUnitedStates.Of__9__firstSpanishtogotoCalifornia,themajoritywerereligiousmen,__10__ministrywastoteachtheCatholicreligiontothenatives.1．________2.________3.________4.________5.________6．________7.________8.________9.________10.________答案：1.it2.crossed3.arrival4.greatly5.In6.living7.wasruled8．their9.the10.whose▲ExactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhatwenowknowasCalifornia,noonereallyknows.句中when引導(dǎo)的為時(shí)間狀語從句；what引導(dǎo)的為名詞性從句(賓語從句)，作介詞in的賓語?！鴐anydiedfromthediseasesbroughtbytheEuropeans中broughtbytheEuropeans為過去分詞短語作后置定語。一般情況下，在修飾名詞或代詞時(shí)，單個(gè)過去分詞常作前置定語而過去分詞短語常作后置定語。▲therearemoreNativeAmericans...thaninanyotherstate為比較級(jí)表達(dá)最高級(jí)的用法。否定詞與比較級(jí)連用時(shí)，可進(jìn)行這種表達(dá)。如：Ihaveneverseenabetterfilmthanthisone.隨堂檢測分鐘Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Bythetimehegottothestation,thetrain________(leave)．答案：hadleft2．Asthewageswerelow,therewerefew________(apply)forthejob.答案：applicants3．Inmyopinion,itisnotsohelpfultogivesomeonesomebreadasitisimportanttoteachhimhowtomake________life.答案：a4．Bythemiddleofthe21stcentury,thevastmajorityoftheworld'spopulation________(live)incitiesratherthaninthecountry.答案：willbeliving5．Shehadlookedeverywhereforherchildren,buttheywerenowhere________(find),whichmadeherveryworried.答案：tobefound6．Oilpricesfellthisweektotheirlowestlevelinfourteenmonths,________(apparent)becauseofover-production.答案：apparently7．Theyhavepledgedtoend________(race)discrimina-tioninareassuchasemployment.答案：racial8．Aftertheexplosion,everymeans________(use)topreventtheriverfrombeingpolluted.答案：hasbeenused9．InsomeruralplacesofChina,somepeoplestillpreferkeeping________theirtraditionallifestyle.答案：up10．________isbelievedthatthewildertheanimalorplantis,thebettertheeffectsare.答案：ItⅡ.教材微寫作A．根據(jù)提示完成句子1．眾所周知，自從1978年改革以來，中國經(jīng)歷了移民大潮。(immigration)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Asweallknow,Chinahasexperiencedimmigrationmovementssincethereformin1978.2．據(jù)報(bào)道成千上萬的農(nóng)民從農(nóng)村涌向城市。(Itisreportedthat...)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Itisreportedthatthousandsoffarmersfromthecountrysidecrowdedintothecities.3．盡管辛苦，他們中的多數(shù)人都能適應(yīng)城市生活。(makealife)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Themajorityofthemcanmakealifeinthecitiesdespitethegreathardship.4．有些農(nóng)民甚至申請(qǐng)了城市居住權(quán)，以享受和當(dāng)?shù)厝艘粯拥臋?quán)利。(applyfor)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Someevenhaveappliedfortherighttoliveinthecityandenjoythesamerightsasthelocalpeople.5．并且他們通過努力工作為城市的繁榮做出了貢獻(xiàn)，自己也過上了幸福的生活。(bymeansof;boom)_________