中考英語語法?？伎键c(diǎn)梳理

中考英語語法?？伎键c(diǎn)梳理匯報時間：2024-02-05匯報人：XX目錄VerbTenseandVoiceSelectionofguidewordsfornounclausesSelectionofrelativepronounsandadverbsinrelativeclauses目錄TheapplicationofsubjunctivemoodinvarioussentencestructuresAnalysisoftheMeaningandUsageofModalVerbsAnalysisoftheFormandUsageofNonfiniteVerbsVerbTenseandVoice01Itexpressesactionsorstatesthatoccurinthepresentandarenotlimitedtoaspecifictimeframe.Commonverbsinthepresenttenseinclude"is,""am,""are,""do,""have,"etc.PresenttenseAlsoknownasthepresentprogressivetense,itexpressesactionsthatarecurrentlyinprogressatthetimeofspeaking.Thestructureis"subject+beverb(am/is/are)+presentparticiple(verb-ing)."PresentcontinuoustensePresenttenseandpresentcontinuoustenseSimplepasttenseItexpressesactionsorstatesthatoccurredinthepastandarenowcompleted.Theverbformtypicallyendsin"-ed"orhasanirregularpasttenseform.PastcontinuoustenseItexpressesactionsthatwereinprogressataspecifictimeinthepast.Thestructureis"subject+beverb(was/were)+presentparticiple(verb-ing)."SimplepasttenseandpastcontinuoustenseFuturetensewith"will"Itexpressesactionsorstatesthatwilloccurinthefuture.Thestructureis"subject+will+verb."Futuretensewith"begoingto"Italsoexpressesactionsorstatesthatwilloccurinthefuturebutwithastrongersenseofintentionorprediction.Thestructureis"subject+beverb(am/is/are)+goingto+verb."FuturecontinuoustenseItexpressesactionsthatwillbeinprogressataspecifictimeinthefuture.Thestructureis"subject+willbe+presentparticiple(verb-ing)."FuturetenserepresentationmethodTheCompositionandUsageofPassiveVoiceThepassivevoiceisformedbycombiningthebeverb(am/is/are/was/were)withthepastparticipleofthemainverb.Forexample,"Thebookwaswrittenbyhim."CompositionofpassivevoiceThepassivevoiceisusedtofocusontheactionbeingperformedratherthanthepersonorthingperformingtheaction.Itisoftenusedinformalwritingandcanmakesentencessoundmoreobjective.However,overuseofthepassivevoicecanmakewritingseemdullandrepetitive,soitshouldbeusedjudiciously.UsageofpassivevoiceSelectionofguidewordsfornounclauses02SubjectclauseguideandusageUsedasthesubject,object,oradverbialofthesubjectclause,theyhavetheirrespectivemeanings.Wh-words(who,what,which,when,where,why,how)Usedtointroduceadeclarativesubjectclause,ithasnopracticalmeaningandcanbeomitted.ThatUsedtointroduceaquestion-typesubjectclause,meaning"whether"or"if".Whether/if010203Similartothesubjectclause,itintroducesadeclarativeobjectclauseandcanbeomitted.ThatIntroducesaquestion-typeobjectclause,oftenusedinindirectspeech.Whether/ifFunctionasthesubject,object,oradverbialoftheobjectclause,withtheirrespectivemeanings.Wh-wordsObjectclauseintroducersandtheirusageNotcommonlyusedinpredicateclauses,butcanbefoundinsomefixedstructures.ThatNotusedtointroducepredicateclauses.Whether/ifThisstructurecanactasapredicate,withthewh-wordservingasthesubject,object,oradverbialoftheinfinitiveverbphrase.Wh-words+todoIntroductionwordsandusageofpredicateclausesThat:Notusedtointroduceappositiveclauses.Whether/if:Alsonotusedtointroduceappositiveclauses.Wh-words+ever:Thisstructurecanbeusedasanappositiveclause,withthewh-word+everservingasthesubject,object,oradverbialofthemainclause.Itoftenexpressesuncertaintyoremphasis.Asif/asthough:Thesetwophrasescanbeusedtointroduceappositiveclausesthatexpressvirtualsituationsorimaginaryconditions.IntroductionwordsandusageofappositiveclausesSelectionofrelativepronounsandadverbsinrelativeclauses03ThatUsedtorefertopeopleorthings,andcannotbeomittedinrestrictiverelativeclauses.Itcanalsobeusedasasubject,object,orcomplementinasentence.WhichMainlyusedtorefertothings,andcanbeusedasasubject,object,orcomplementinasentence.Itisoftenusedtoguidenon-restrictiverelativeclauses.WhoUsedexclusivelytorefertopeople,andcanonlybeusedasasubjectinasentence.Itsobjectformiswhom,butwhomisoftenomittedinspokenandinformalwrittenEnglish.Theusagescenariosofrelativepronounssuchasthat,which,who,etcWhen01Usedtoguiderelativeclausesthatdescribetime,andcanbetranslatedas"when"or"atwhichtime".Where02Usedtoguiderelativeclausesthatdescribeplaces,andcanbetranslatedas"where"or"atwhichplace".Why03Usedtoguiderelativeclausesthatdescribereasons,andcanbetranslatedas"why"or"forwhichreason".Notethatwhycanalsobeexpressedas"forwhich".Theusagescenariosofrelativeadverbssuchaswhen,where,why,etcAlsoknownasdefiningrelativeclauses,theyareessentialtothemeaningofthesentenceandcannotbeomitted.Ifomitted,themeaningofthesentencewillchange.Restrictiverelativeclausesdonotusecommastoseparatethemfromtheantecedents.RestrictiverelativeclausesAlsoknownasnon-definingrelativeclauses,theyaresupplementarytothemeaningofthesentenceandcanbeomitted.Ifomitted,thebasicmeaningofthesentencewillnotchange.Non-restrictiverelativeclausesareseparatedfromtheantecedentsbycommas.Non-restrictiverelativeclausesDistinguishingbetweenrestrictiveandnonrestrictiverelativeclausesTheapplicationofsubjunctivemoodinvarioussentencestructures04IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakethejob.(Notetheuseof"were"insteadof"was"intheifclause,indicatingahypotheticalsituation.)Wewouldhavearrivedearlierifthetraffichadn'tbeensobad.(Here,thesubjunctivemoodisusedinthemainclausetoexpressahypotheticalresultinthepast.)TheapplicationofsubjunctivemoodinconditionalsentencesItisessentialthathebepresentatthemeeting.(Inthisexample,thesubjunctivemoodisusedaftercertainadjectivesthatexpressnecessityorimportance.)Mysuggestionisthatweshouldstartearly.(Notetheuseof"should"+baseformoftheverbinthenounclause,whichisacommonpatterninformalwriting.)TheapplicationofsubjunctivemoodinnounclausesWereItodoitagain,Iwoulddoitdifferently.(Here,thesubjunctivemoodisusedinaformalinvertedstructuretoexpressahypotheticalsituation.)Itisrecommendedthatthemachinebeoperatedbytrainedpersonnel.(Inthiscase,thesubjunctivemoodisusedaftercertainverbsthatexpressarecommendationorsuggestion.)Lestheforget,Iremindedhimoftheappointment.(Notetheuseofthesubjunctivemoodafter"lest"toexpressafearorprecaution.)TheapplicationofsubjunctivemoodinothersentencestructuresAnalysisoftheMeaningandUsageofModalVerbs05"Can"indicatesability,possibility,orpermission.Forexample,"Icanswim."means"Ihavetheabilitytoswim.""May"expressespossibilityorpermission.Itisoftenusedinformalorpolitecontexts.Forexample,"MayIborrowyourpen?"Note:"Right"isnottypicallyclassifiedasamodalverbinEnglishgrammar.Itisusuallyusedasanadjectiveoradverbtoindicatecorrectnessoragreement."Could"isthepasttenseof"can"andisoftenusedtoexpresspossibilityorpastabilities.Itcanalsobeusedtomakepoliterequests.Themeaningsandusageofmodalverbssuchascan,could,may,right,etc"Must"expressesnecessityorobligation.Itindicatesthatsomethingisrequiredoressential.Forexample,"Youmustfinishyourhomework.""Haveto"alsoexpressesnecessityorobligationbutwithastrongeremphasisonexternalfactorsorcircumstances.Forexample,"Ihavetogotoworktoday."Themeaningandusageofmodalverbssuchas'must','haveto',etcModalverbssuchas"might,""could,""may,"and"must"canbeusedtoexpressspeculationorpossibility."Might"and"could"areoftenusedinterchangeablytoexpresspossibility.Forexample,"Itmight/couldrainlater.""May"canalsobeusedtoexpresspossibilitybutisoftenmoreformalorpolite.Forexample,"Shemaynotbeavailabletoday.""Must"issometimesusedtoexpressastrongpossibilityorcertaintybasedonevidenceorreasoning.However,itshouldbenotedthat"must"canalsoindicatenecessityorobligationasmentionedearlier.ModalverbsindicatespeculationandpossibilityAnalysisoftheFormandUsageofNonfiniteVerbs06Theinfinitiveverbcanfunctionasthesubjectofasentence,expressinganactionorstatethatisyettooccur.Forexample,"Tolearnaforeignlanguageisbecomingincreasinglyimportant."Theinfinitiveverbcanalsoserveastheobjectofcertainverbs,suchas"want,""hope,""plan,"etc.Forinstance,"Iwanttotravelaroundtheworld."Insomecases,theinfinitiveverbcanfunctionasthepredicateofasentence,followingalinkingverbsuchas"seem,""appear,"or"be."Forexample,"Heseemstobedoingwellinhisstudies."AsasubjectAsanobjectAsapredicateTheinfinitiveverbservesasthesubject,object,andpredicateAgerundisaverbformendingin"-ing"thatfunctionsasanoun.Itcanserveasthesubjectofasentence,expressinganactionorstatethatisongoingorhabitual.Forexample,"Smokingisharmfultoyourhealth."Gerundscanalsoserveasobjectsofverbsthatrequireanounasa