重慶市縉云教育聯(lián)盟2023-2024學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期12月月考英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

PAGEPAGE1重慶市縉云教育聯(lián)盟2023-2024學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期12月月考英語(yǔ)試題第一部分聽(tīng)力（略）第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題：每小題1.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AAnimalsweretherealpioneersofspaceflight.Letuslearnaboutsomeanimalsthathavebeentospace.A.FruitfliesOnFebruary20,1947,theUnitedStatessentsomefruitfliesintospacetostudytheimpactthatcosmicradiation(宇宙輻射)mightpotentiallyhaveonastronautsinthefuture.Theychosefliesbecausetheyaregeneticallysimilartohumans.WhentheyreturnedtoEarth,thescientistsfoundthefliesalive,withnoevidenceoftheeffectsofradiation.B.MiceMicehavelongbeenusedtofindoutmoreabouthowspacetravelwillaffectthehumanbody.Infact,NASAhasrecentlypublishedastudyofmicehousedattheInternationalSpaceStation.Itshowsthatmicequicklyadapttomicrogravity(微重力)conditions.Theveryfirstmousewentintospacein1950,reachinganaltitudeof137km.However,unlikethefruitflies,themousediedwhentherocketbrokeintopartsduetoaparachute(降落傘)failure.C.DogsLaika,aRussianhomelessdog,wenttospaceonNovember3,1957.Shewaspickeduponthestreetsandwasthoughtsuitablebecauseshehadagentletemperament(性情)andbehavedwell.Thescientistsalsobelievedahomelessdogwouldbebetteratdealingwithdifficultconditionslikemicrogravitythanapetdog.Laikaisfamousforbeingthefirstanimaltoorbit(環(huán)繞……運(yùn)行)theEarth.However,sheneverreturned.D.SpidersIn1973,twogardenspiderscalledAnitaandArabellawereusedinanexperimenttoseeiftheycouldstillbuildwebsinspace.Bothspidersmanagedtobuildwebs,eventhoughthewebswereslightlyfinerthanonEarth.Thestudyshowedagreatdealabouttheeffectsofmicrogravityonmotorresponse(運(yùn)動(dòng)反應(yīng)).1.Whatcanwelearnaboutthemouseastronaut?A.Itfailedtocomebackalive.B.Itcouldn’tsurviveinmicrogravityconditions.C.Itsgenesweresimilartohumans’.D.Itwasthefirstanimaltobesenttospace.2.LaikawaschosenbythescientistsforallthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT________.A.hergoodtemperament B.heridentityasapetdogC.herabilitytodealwithmicrogravity D.hergoodbehavior3.What’sthepurposeofsendingthetwospiderstospace?A.TocomparethequalityofwebstheymadeonEarthandinspace.B.Tostudytheimpactofcosmicradiationontheirsurvival.C.Toseehowfasttheycouldbuildwebsinspace.D.Toseewhethertheycouldbuildwebsinspace.〖答案〗1.A2.B3.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了動(dòng)物在太空探索中的歷史和作用。【1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)B.Mice部分中“However,unlikethefruitflies,themousediedwhentherocketbrokeintopartsduetoaparachute(降落傘)failure.(然而，與果蠅不同的是，當(dāng)火箭因降落傘故障而破裂時(shí)，老鼠就死了)”可知，老鼠宇航員沒(méi)能活著返回。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)C.Dogs部分中“Shewaspickeduponthestreetsandwasthoughtsuitablebecauseshehadagentletemperament(性情)andbehavedwell.Thescientistsalsobelievedahomelessdogwouldbebetteratdealingwithdifficultconditionslikemicrogravitythanapetdog.(她是在街上撿來(lái)的，因?yàn)樗郧闇睾?，表現(xiàn)得很好，所以被認(rèn)為很合適。科學(xué)家們還認(rèn)為，流浪狗比寵物狗更能適應(yīng)微重力等惡劣環(huán)境)”可知，流浪狗Laika被選中有三個(gè)原因：性情溫和、表現(xiàn)得很好、更能適應(yīng)微重力等惡劣環(huán)境。B項(xiàng)中的“她的寵物狗身份”這一錯(cuò)誤表述。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)D.Spiders部分中“In1973,twogardenspiderscalledAnitaandArabellawereusedinanexperimenttoseeiftheycouldstillbuildwebsinspace.(1973年，兩只名叫安妮塔和阿拉貝拉的花園蜘蛛被用于一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)，看看它們是否還能在太空中織網(wǎng)。)”可知，把兩只蜘蛛送上太空的目的是為了看它們能否能在太空中織網(wǎng)。故選D項(xiàng)。BStudentnewspapersacrosstheUSarefacingadarkreality.Astheyarefreetoread,theyaremakinglessmoneythanever,meaningthatsuchnewspapersarefindingithardtosurvive.Mostcollegepapershavereducedtheirprinteditions(版本).Lastyear,theDailyTarHeelprintedapaperfourdaysaweek.Thisyear,itprintsapapereverythreedays.Andwhileitusedtoproducearound22,000newspaperseachtime,itonlymakesaround:10,000now,saidEricaPerel,generalmanager.Increasingly,studentjournalistshaveturnedtheirfocustodigitalversionsoftheirnewspapers,andthenewwaysthatsocialmediaallowsthemtotellstories.They’veadaptedtheirskillstomirrorwhat’sgoingonintheprofessionaljournalismworld.“Ithinkwe’readaptingverywell…inmovingawayfromthatprintedition.Butit’schallenging.”saidJonathanCarter,astudentatNorthCarolinaStateUniversity.Sowhatshouldstudentnewspapersdo?LoMontesaidthebestsolutionwouldbeforuniversitiestofinancially(財(cái)經(jīng)的)supportstudentjournalism.Universityleadersliketotalkaboutproducingresponsiblestudents,hesaid,andjournalismisapartofthat.Inthemeantime,campusnewspapersarefiguringouttheirfinancialmodelsastheygoalong.BrucedePyssler,advisertoNorthCarolinaCentralUniversity’sCampusEchoNewspaper,saidhisstudentspostonestoryadayonline.Thebeststoriesareputtogetherforaonce-a-semesterprintedition.Andevenifstudentjournalistsdon’tgointomediajobs,Perelsaid,“They’vestillhadagreateducation.”“Thenumberonethingthatweteachiscriticalthinking(批判思考)andhowtobealifelonglearner,”shesaid,“Theoneswhoarelivingthroughthistransition(過(guò)渡)aretheonesthataregoingtobealotstrongerforitintheend.”4.Whatdomostcollegenewspapersdotofacethedarkreality?A.Improveprintingquality. B.Reduceprinteditions.C.Loweradvertisingfees. D.Increasepaperprice.5.WhatdoesLoMontesuggeststudentnewspapersdotosurvive?A.Askcollegesformoney. B.Continuewithpaperversions.C.Publishmoredigitaleditions. D.Createtheirownfinancialmodels.6.Whothinkscampusnewspapersaretryinganewfinancialmodel?A.JonathanCarter. B.LoMonte.C.BrucedePyssler. D.Perel.7.What’sthearticlemainlyabout?A.TheproudhistoryoftheDailyTarHeel. B.Studentnewspapersareadaptingwell.C.Schoolnewspapersareunderpressure. D.Howtorefreshtraditionalnewspapers.〖答案〗4.B5.A6.C7.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了美國(guó)大學(xué)報(bào)紙生存困難，面臨壓力的現(xiàn)狀?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段中“Mostcollegepapershavereducedtheirprinteditions.(大多數(shù)大學(xué)報(bào)紙已經(jīng)減少了它們的印刷版)”可知，面對(duì)黑暗的現(xiàn)實(shí)，大多數(shù)大學(xué)報(bào)紙都縮減了印刷版。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。由文章第四段中“LoMontesaidthebestsolutionwouldbeforuniversitiestofinanciallysupportstudentjournalism.(LoMonte說(shuō)，最好的解決辦法是讓大學(xué)在經(jīng)濟(jì)上支持學(xué)生新聞工作)”可知，LoMonte認(rèn)為大學(xué)報(bào)紙存活下去的最好辦法是得到學(xué)校的經(jīng)濟(jì)支持，從而推知，他建議大學(xué)報(bào)紙通過(guò)向大學(xué)要錢，得以繼續(xù)生存。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中“Inthemeantime,campusnewspapersarefiguringouttheirfinancialmodelsastheygoalong.BrucedePyssler,advisertoNorthCarolinaCentralUniversity’sCampusEchoNewspaper,saidhisstudentspostonestoryadayonline.(與此同時(shí)，校園報(bào)紙也在不斷摸索自己的財(cái)務(wù)模式?！侗笨_來(lái)納中央大學(xué)校園回聲報(bào)》的顧問(wèn)BrucedePyssler說(shuō)，他的學(xué)生每天在網(wǎng)上發(fā)布一篇報(bào)道)”可知，BrucedePyssler認(rèn)為校報(bào)正在嘗試一種新的財(cái)務(wù)模式。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是根據(jù)文章第一段中“StudentnewspapersacrosstheUSarefacingadarkreality.(美國(guó)各地的學(xué)生報(bào)紙都面臨著一個(gè)黑暗的現(xiàn)實(shí))”以及“suchnewspapersarefindingithardtosurvive(這些報(bào)紙很難生存)”可推知，本文主要介紹了校報(bào)正面臨著很大壓力。故選C項(xiàng)。CAccordingtoastudypublishedthisweek,habitualnapping(打盹)appearstobeassociatedwithalargebrainvolumeinadultsalthoughexpertsstressedthatfurtherresearchwasneeded.Itreducesthecostcausedfromthelosttimeandthefatigue-relatederrors.Theworkfollowedpreviousstudiesthatsuggestedabriefdozecouldimprovepeople’sabilitytolearn.AriannaHuffington,aco-founderofHuffPostandthefounderandchiefexecutiveofThriveGlobal,said,“Giventhelatestscienceontheeffectivenessofnappingandtheclearlinkbetweenemployeesfeelingwellrestedandtheirproductivity,it’slongpasttimethatbusinessesembraceshortnapsatwork.”Somebusinesses,includingThriveGlobal,havealreadyintroducedfacilitiesforemployeestotakenaps.Googleintroducedsleeppodsasfarbackas2014andcompanieslikeNikeandBen&Jerry’sintroducednaprooms.ThepracticehasevenbeenadoptedbytheNHS,withagrowingnumberofhospitalsintroducingsleeppodsforstaffinanefforttohelpthemgetmorerest.Employees,itseems,areenthusiastic.SeanGreenwood,ofBen&Jerry’s,said,“Ifaquicknapgetsemployeesmoreinvolvedandcreative,we’rehappytoprovidethatforourteammembers.”Unfortunately,thepracticeofnappingstillsuffersfromourcollectiveconceptthatsleepequalsweaknessandlaziness.However,theperformance-enhancingbenefitsofnapshavebeennosecrettomanyleadersthroughouthistory.Italsogivesthehigher-upsthechancetoacknowledgethe24/7cultureandcomeupwithtop-downsolutionsthatencourageworkerstotakecareofthemselvesinandoutofwork.Whilesleepexpertsstressedthatadaytimedozecouldbebeneficial,theysaiditwascrucialtogetenoughshut-eyeattheendofaday.Itisthelatestageofsleep,sometimesmissedbyearlyrisers,thatstrengthensthenervecircuitsthatmakeforlearningandmemory,allowingthebraintomakeandconsolidatenewneutralconnections.Additionally,prioritizingsufficientsleepduringtheregularnightlysleepperiodisessentialforoverallwell-being.8.Whatisparagraph1mainlyabout?A.Workstress. B.Learningabilities.C.Aresearchfinding. D.Thebrainvolume.9.WhatisAriannaHuffington’sattitudetowardnapping?A.Dismissive. B.Approving.C.Unclear. D.Critical.10.Whyaresomanycompaniesmentionedinthepassage?A.Toadvocateenoughrest. B.Topraisecreativeemployees.C.Tocomparethedifferences. D.Topresentthecurrentsituation.11.Whatwillpossiblybediscussedintheparagraphthatfollows?A.Theapproachestoshut-eye. B.Theimportanceofnapping.C.Thesecretstowell-being. D.Thebenefitsofmemory.〖答案〗8.C9.B10.D11.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述了午睡可以提高成年人的大腦容量，并有助于改善學(xué)習(xí)能力。許多企業(yè)已經(jīng)開(kāi)始提供員工午睡的設(shè)施，員工認(rèn)為這很有幫助。然而，午睡仍然在集體觀念中受到誤解，被認(rèn)為是弱點(diǎn)和懶散的表現(xiàn)。睡眠專家指出，午睡確實(shí)對(duì)健康有益，但還是要優(yōu)先保證晚上足夠的睡眠。【8題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Accordingtoastudypublishedthisweek,habitualnapping(打盹)appearstobeassociatedwithalargebrainvolumeinadultsalthoughexpertsstressedthatfurtherresearchwasneeded.Itreducesthecostcausedfromthelosttimeandthefatigue-relatederrors.Theworkfollowedpreviousstudiesthatsuggestedabriefdozecouldimprovepeople’sabilitytolearn.(根據(jù)本周發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)研究，經(jīng)常打盹似乎與成年人大腦體積增大有關(guān)，盡管專家強(qiáng)調(diào)還需要進(jìn)一步研究。打盹可以減少由于失去時(shí)間和疲勞導(dǎo)致的錯(cuò)誤成本。該項(xiàng)研究跟隨之前的研究，表明短時(shí)間小睡可以改善人們的學(xué)習(xí)能力)”可知，本段主要講述了一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“AriannaHuffington,aco-founderofHuffPostandthefounderandchiefexecutiveofThriveGlobal,said,“Giventhelatestscienceontheeffectivenessofnappingandtheclearlinkbetweenemployeesfeelingwellrestedandtheirproductivity,it’slongpasttimethatbusinessesembraceshortnapsatwork.”(HuffPost的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人、ThriveGlobal創(chuàng)始人兼首席執(zhí)行官AriannaHuffington表示：“考慮到最新的有關(guān)小睡效果的科學(xué)研究以及員工感覺(jué)煥發(fā)精神和生產(chǎn)力的明顯聯(lián)系，使企業(yè)接受在工作中短暫的小睡早就到了應(yīng)該的時(shí)候?！?”可推知，AriannaHuffington認(rèn)為企業(yè)接受在工作中短暫的小睡早就到了應(yīng)該的時(shí)候，所以是贊同的。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Somebusinesses,includingThriveGlobal,havealreadyintroducedfacilitiesforemployeestotakenaps.Googleintroducedsleeppodsasfarbackas2014andcompanieslikeNikeandBen&Jerry’sintroducednaprooms.ThepracticehasevenbeenadoptedbytheNHS,withagrowingnumberofhospitalsintroducingsleeppodsforstaffinanefforttohelpthemgetmorerest.Employees,itseems,areenthusiastic.SeanGreenwood,ofBen&Jerry’s,said,“Ifaquicknapgetsemployeesmoreinvolvedandcreative,we’rehappytoprovidethatforourteammembers.”(ThriveGlobal等企業(yè)已經(jīng)提供員工小睡設(shè)施。早在2014年，谷歌就推出了睡眠艙，而Nike和Ben＆Jerry’s等公司也推出了小睡室。連NHS也采納了這種做法，越來(lái)越多的醫(yī)院為員工提供小睡艙，以幫助他們獲得更多的休息時(shí)間。員工們似乎很熱衷于這種做法。Ben＆Jerry’s公司的SeanGreenwood說(shuō)：“如果短暫小睡可以讓員工更有參與感和創(chuàng)造力，我們很樂(lè)意為我們的團(tuán)隊(duì)成員提供這種服務(wù)?！?”可推知，文章中提到了這么多公司，是為了呈現(xiàn)當(dāng)前的情況，也就是很多公司都已允許員工短暫小睡。故選D項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Whilesleepexpertsstressedthatadaytimedozecouldbebeneficial,theysaiditwascrucialtogetenoughshut-eyeattheendofaday.Itisthelatestageofsleep,sometimesmissedbyearlyrisers,thatstrengthensthenervecircuitsthatmakeforlearningandmemory,allowingthebraintomakeandconsolidatenewneutralconnections.Additionally,prioritizingsufficientsleepduringtheregularnightlysleepperiodisessentialforoverallwell-being.(盡管睡眠專家強(qiáng)調(diào)白天小睡可能有益，但他們表示，重要的是在一天結(jié)束時(shí)獲得足夠的睡眠。通常被早期起床者忽視的深度睡眠階段增強(qiáng)了構(gòu)建學(xué)習(xí)和記憶的神經(jīng)回路，允許大腦建立和鞏固新的中性連接。此外，在日常睡眠周期中優(yōu)先保證充足的睡眠對(duì)整體健康至關(guān)重要)”可知，本段講述了雖然白天小睡可能有益，但是更重要的是保證充足的睡眠。由此推知，接下來(lái)應(yīng)是講述保證充足睡眠的方法，也就是睡眠的方法。故選A項(xiàng)。DIt’softensaidthatwehumanbeingscandreaminaforeignlanguage.Coulddreaminginaforeignlanguageimproveourmemory?Doesdreaminginaforeignlanguagemeanwearemakingprogressinlearningthatlanguage?Beforewelookatmultilingual(多語(yǔ)言)dreams,firstweneedtolookatsleep.Theconnectionbetweensleepandlanguagecanbeappliedtohowwelearnanylanguage,includingournativelanguage.Evenadultsstilllearnaboutonenewwordeverytwodaysintheirfirstlanguage.But,ifwearegoingtorememberthatnewwordbetter,whatmattersisthatweneedtoconnectitwithwhatwehavelearned.Andinordertodothat,we“needtohavesomesleep”,saysGarethGaskell,aprofessorattheUniversityofYork.It’sduringsleepthattheintegration(整合)ofoldandnewknowledgehappens.Atmight,onepartofourbrain—thehippocampus—takeswhatevernewinformationitreceivesduringthedayandpassesitontootherpartsofthebraintobestored.Therolethatdreamsplayinthisnight-timelearningprocessisstillbeingstudied,but“it’sentirelypossiblethatduringmultilingualdreams,thebrainistryingtoconnectthetwolanguages”,saysMarc,aresearcheratauniversityinBern,Switzerland.Sohavingmultilingualdreamscouldmeanthatourbrainistryingtorememberanewwordorphrase.However,itcouldalsohaveanemotional(情感)significance.Danuta,aprofessorofpsycholinguisticsattheUniversityofSilesiainPoland,suggeststhatmultilingualdreamscanexpress“fearsorwishes”aroundlearningaforeignlanguage,includingthewishtobealocalspeakerortobeacceptedwithinacertaincommunity.Weclearlystillhavealottolearnaboutmultilingualdreams,butonethingseemscertain:ifyou’retryingtolearnanewlanguage,youcansleeponit.12.Whydoestheauthormentionquestionsinparagraph1?A.Tocomparedifferentideas. B.Tointroducethemaintopic.C.Topresentdifferenttypesofdreams. D.Todiscussthehumanlanguageability.13.Whatisthekeyelementinmemorizinganewwordaccordingtothetext?A.Theothernewwords. B.Thenativelanguage.C.Thegainedknowledge. D.Thespeakingpractice.14.Whatcanwelearnaboutmultilingualdreams?A.Theymayinfluencepeople’ssleepquality. B.Theycanreflectlanguage-learningfeelings.C.Theyarethebestoptiontolearnalanguage. D.Theyhelptoclearuptheuselessinformation.15.Whereisthetextmostlikelyfrom?A.Anovel. B.Adiary. C.Aguidebook. D.Amagazine.〖答案〗12.B13.C14.B15.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了睡眠和語(yǔ)言之間的聯(lián)系可以應(yīng)用于如何學(xué)習(xí)任何語(yǔ)言，包括我們的母語(yǔ)。多語(yǔ)夢(mèng)境中，大腦試圖將兩種語(yǔ)言聯(lián)系起來(lái)，這有助于學(xué)習(xí)一門新的語(yǔ)言?！?2題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Coulddreaminginaforeignlanguageimproveourmemory?Doesdreaminginaforeignlanguagemeanwearemakingprogressinlearningthatlanguage?(用外語(yǔ)做夢(mèng)能提高我們的記憶力嗎？夢(mèng)見(jiàn)一門外語(yǔ)是否意味著我們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)這門語(yǔ)言方面取得了進(jìn)步？)”和第二段“Theconnectionbetweensleepandlanguagecanbeappliedtohowwelearnanylanguage,includingournativelanguage.(睡眠和語(yǔ)言之間的聯(lián)系可以應(yīng)用于我們?nèi)绾螌W(xué)習(xí)任何語(yǔ)言，包括我們的母語(yǔ)。)”以及下文的內(nèi)容可知，作者在第一段提出問(wèn)題是為了介紹主題：睡眠和語(yǔ)言之間的聯(lián)系可以應(yīng)用于如何學(xué)習(xí)任何語(yǔ)言。故選B?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“But,ifwearegoingtorememberthatnewwordbetter,whatmattersisthatweneedtoconnectitwithwhatwehavelearned.(但是，如果我們要更好地記住新詞，重要的是我們需要把它和我們學(xué)過(guò)的東西聯(lián)系起來(lái))”和第三段“Atmight,onepartofourbrain—thehippocampus—takeswhatevernewinformationitreceivesduringthedayandpassesitontootherpartsofthebraintobestored.(或許，我們大腦的一部分———海馬體——接受白天接收到的任何新信息，并將其傳遞給大腦的其他部分進(jìn)行存儲(chǔ)。)”可知，根據(jù)文章記憶新單詞的關(guān)鍵要素是已經(jīng)獲得的知識(shí)，把新單詞和所學(xué)過(guò)的東西聯(lián)系起來(lái)就能計(jì)得更好。故選C。【14題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Danuta,aprofessorofpsycholinguisticsattheUniversityofSilesiainPoland,suggeststhatmultilingualdreamscanexpress“fearsorwishes”aroundlearningaforeignlanguage,includingthewishtobealocalspeakerortobeacceptedwithinacertaincommunity.(波蘭西里西亞大學(xué)心理語(yǔ)言學(xué)教授達(dá)努塔認(rèn)為，多語(yǔ)言夢(mèng)可以表達(dá)圍繞學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)的‘恐懼或愿望’，包括希望成為本地人或被某個(gè)社區(qū)接受)”可知，關(guān)于多語(yǔ)夢(mèng)，我們能了解到它們能反映語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)的感受。故選B。【15題詳析】推理判斷題。本文主要介紹了睡眠和語(yǔ)言之間的聯(lián)系可以應(yīng)用于如何學(xué)習(xí)任何語(yǔ)言，包括我們的母語(yǔ)。多語(yǔ)夢(mèng)境中，大腦試圖將兩種語(yǔ)言聯(lián)系起來(lái)，這有助于學(xué)習(xí)一門新的語(yǔ)言。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段講到“Danuta,aprofessorofpsycholinguisticsattheUniversityofSilesiainPoland,suggeststhatmultilingualdreamscanexpress“fearsorwishes”aroundlearningaforeignlanguage,includingthewishtobealocalspeakerortobeacceptedwithinacertaincommunity.(波蘭西里西亞大學(xué)心理語(yǔ)言學(xué)教授達(dá)努塔認(rèn)為，多語(yǔ)言夢(mèng)可以表達(dá)圍繞學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)的‘恐懼或愿望’，包括希望成為本地人或被某個(gè)社區(qū)接受)”可知，本文是一篇有關(guān)于多語(yǔ)種夢(mèng)境和語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)之間的關(guān)系的文章，因此這篇文章最有可能來(lái)自一本雜志。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題：每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。HowtoSurviveaTsunamiontheBeachThewordtsunamiisfromJapanese.Itdescribesaseriesofwavesthatcanreachover100feettallandtravelatspeedsupto600milesperhouracrossthesea.Asinglewaveinatsunamicanbequitelong,asmuchas60miles,causinggreatdamage.____16____Yourbestchanceforsurvivingatsunamionabeachistopayattentiontothewarningsigns,stayawayfromtheshoreafteranearthquake,andgettohighland.Thenwaitforinformationfromdisasterresponsegroups.____17____Withyourfamily,discusshowyou’llreachtheevacuationarea(緊急疏散區(qū))assoonaspossible.Thesooneryouknowatsunamiiscomingthebetteryourchanceofmakingittohigherground.____18____·Headforhighground,getatleast100feetabovesealevel.·____19____·Don’tswimagainstthecurrent.Asyoulearnhowtosurviveatsunami,rememberthefirstwaveinaseriesofwavesisthesmallestandweakest.____20____Ifyou’reinaboatatthebeach,headoutintotheocean.You’llstandabetterchanceawayofsurvivalawayfromtheshoreline.A.That’swhyit’scrucialtoknowhowtosurviveaTsunami.B.Grabsomethinglikeatreeorsomethingthatfloat,likearaft.C.Thewavesfollowinganearthquakemaycontinueforhoursoruptoaday.D.That’swhyit’sessentialtolearntheearlywarningsignstosurviveatsunami.E.Ifit’stoolate,andthewater’salreadyrising,here’swhattodoinatsunami.F.Yourbestchanceforsurvivingatsunamionabeachistopayattentiontothewarningsigns.G.Whetheryou’revisitingorlivinginatsunamizone,learnwheretheclosestplaceisoutofthetsunami’sreach.〖答案〗16.A17.G18.E19.B20.F【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了如何在海灘上躲避海嘯?！?6題詳析】根據(jù)前文“ThewordtsunamiisfromJapanese.Itdescribesaseriesofwavesthatcanreachover100feettallandtravelatspeedsupto600milesperhouracrossthesea.Asinglewaveinatsunamicanbequitelong,asmuchas60miles,causinggreatdamage.(海嘯這個(gè)詞來(lái)自日語(yǔ)。它描述了一系列海浪，可以達(dá)到100英尺高，以每小時(shí)600英里的速度穿越大海。海嘯中的單個(gè)波浪可以很長(zhǎng)，長(zhǎng)達(dá)60英里，造成巨大的破壞。)”可知，此處是指海嘯非?？膳拢詫W(xué)會(huì)如何在海嘯中幸存下來(lái)非常重要，所以選項(xiàng)A“這就是為什么知道如何在海嘯中生存是至關(guān)重要的?！鼻泻衔囊狻９蔬xA。【17題詳析】根據(jù)后文“Withyourfamily,discusshowyou’llreachtheevacuationarea(緊急疏散區(qū))assoonaspossible.(和你的家人商量怎樣才能盡快到達(dá)疏散區(qū)。)”可知，此處是指要事先了解海嘯的緊急疏散區(qū)，所以選項(xiàng)G“無(wú)論你是在海嘯災(zāi)區(qū)旅游還是居住，都要了解離海嘯最近的地方在哪里?！鼻泻衔囊狻９蔬xG?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)前文“Thesooneryouknowatsunamiiscomingthebetteryourchanceofmakingittohigherground.(你越早知道海嘯即將來(lái)臨，你就越有可能逃到高處。)”和后文“Headforhighground,getatleast100feetabovesealevel.(前往高地，至少在海平面以上100英尺。)”可知，此處是指如果已經(jīng)晚了應(yīng)該做什么，所以選項(xiàng)E“如果太晚了，而海水已經(jīng)在上漲，下面是在海嘯中該做的事情?！鼻泻衔囊?。故選E。【19題詳析】根據(jù)前文“Headforhighground,getatleast100feetabovesealevel.(前往高地，至少在海平面以上100英尺。)”和后文“Don’tswimagainstthecurrent.(不要逆水游泳。)”可知，此處是指海水已經(jīng)在上漲時(shí)在海嘯中該做的事情，且應(yīng)用祈使句，所以選項(xiàng)B“找一些像樹(shù)或者像木筏一樣可以漂浮的東西。”切合文意。故選B?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)前文“Asyoulearnhowtosurviveatsunami,rememberthefirstwaveinaseriesofwavesisthesmallestandweakest.(當(dāng)你學(xué)習(xí)如何在海嘯中生存時(shí)，記住在一系列海浪中，第一波是最小和最弱的。)”和后文“Ifyou’reinaboatatthebeach,headoutintotheocean.You’llstandabetterchanceawayofsurvivalawayfromtheshoreline.(如果你在海灘上的船上，那就駛向大海。離開(kāi)海岸線，你的生存機(jī)會(huì)更大。)”可知，此處是指如果在海灘上就要注意警報(bào)從而可以在第一波海浪中駛離海岸線，所以選項(xiàng)F“Yourbestchanceforsurvivingatsunamionabeachistopayattentiontothewarningsigns.(在海灘上躲過(guò)海嘯的最好機(jī)會(huì)就是注意警告信號(hào)。)”切合文意。故選F。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題：每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Inmoderncities,itisnowtimeasmuchasspacethatseparatesurbanfunctions,aspeople’slivesarelivednotonlytodifferenttimetables,butalsoatwildlydifferentrates.Themasstimetableoftheindustrialcity,with9-5officehoursandsilentSundays,hasgone.Inits___21___isflexi-time,part-timeworking,Sundayshoppingandthe24-hourcity.Europeancitiesare___22___thesechangesperhapsfasterthanBritishcities.InatleasthalfadozencitiesinItaly,___23___,youwillfindtheUfficiTempi--theOfficesofTime.Whattheydoistrytoreorganizetimemoreflexiblyinthecity,inordertomeetnewneeds.ThisisparticularlyrelevantforItalianwomen,anincreasingnumberofwhomhaveto___24___twotimetables:workandhome.UsuallylocatedintheMayor’soffice,theUfficiTempibringtogethertransportproviders,shop-owners,employers,tradeunions,thepoliceandotherservicestoseehowtheireffortsmightbebetter___25___.Themainaiminallthisistoincreasetheefficiencyandproductivityofthecity.Thiscanmeandelayingthestartingtunesinschools,officesandfactoriestoavoidrushhours,orhavingshopsopeninglaterinthedaybutclosinglatertoo.Onefurther___26___isthattherecanbemorepoliceaboutintheevening,patrollingthestreetswhenpeoplemostneedthem.InanumberofGermancities,peoplehavebeen___27___whetherthetimetableofthefuturecityshouldbe6x6or4x9--workinghours,thatis.Apparentlymaleworkersfavourafour-dayweek,whilewomenworkers,ontheotherhand,favour___28___shorterworkingdays.Thiswouldgiveemployeesmoretimeintheafternoontobewithchildrenortogettheshopping.The___29___forpublicservicestoadapttoourchanginglifestyleshasbeenquitedifficultforsomeofthestaffinvolved.___30___,wholikesworkingeveningsorSundays?Nevertheless,manycitycentresarenowopenforshoppingsevendaysaweek,andanumberofthemnowpromotethemselvesas‘24-hourcities’,wherethosewithmoneycandrink,eat,danceandevenshopthewhole___31___.Timeisflexible,butbuildingsaren’t.The___32___betweenthestructureofthecityanditsuses,overtime,isaseriousarchitecturalandplanningproblem.___33___hasbecomethekeyskill.Weareslowly___34___thetermsofdormitorysuburbsandindustrialdistricts,infavourofmixed-useareas,out-of-townretailingandworkingfromhome.Thereisnodoubtthatplanningtheoryisbeing___35___bythechangingnatureoftimeinthemoderncity.21.A.report B.side C.placeD.way22.A.stickingto B.respondingto C.objectingtoD.turningto23.A.forexample B.ontheotherhand C.bycontrast D.inthemeanwhile24.A.alter B.discuss C.understandD.balance25.A.spared B.harmonized C.directed D.appreciated26.A.method B.issue C.benefit D.excuse27.A.debating B.asking C.doubting D.revealing28.A.four B.six C.seven D.nine29.A.need B.ambition C.pity D.reason30.A.Aboveall B.Onthecontrary C.Afterall D.Byallmeans31.A.night B.day C.city D.area32.A.difference B.mismatch C.communication D.relationship33.A.Regulation B.Availability C.Adaptability D.Observation34.A.varying B.coming C.accepting D.abandoning35.A.presented B.proved C.established D.challenged〖答案〗21.C22.B23.A24.D25.B26.C27.A28.B29.A30.C31.A32.B33.C34.D35.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了在現(xiàn)代城市中，分隔城市功能的不僅是空間，還有時(shí)間，因?yàn)槿藗兊纳畈粌H按照不同的時(shí)間表，而且以截然不同的速度進(jìn)行。這個(gè)工業(yè)城市朝九晚五的辦公時(shí)間和安靜的周日，已經(jīng)不復(fù)存在了。取而代之的是彈性工作時(shí)間、兼職工作、周日購(gòu)物和24小時(shí)城市?！?1題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：取而代之的是彈性工作時(shí)間、兼職工作、周日購(gòu)物和24小時(shí)城市。A.report報(bào)告；B.side一邊；C.place地方；D.way方式。根據(jù)上文“Themasstimetableoftheindustrialcity,with9-5officehoursandsilentSundays,hasgone.(這個(gè)工業(yè)城市朝九晚五的辦公時(shí)間和安靜的周日，已經(jīng)不復(fù)存在了)”可知，上文提到朝九晚五的辦公時(shí)間和安靜的周日，已經(jīng)不復(fù)存在了，所以取而代之的是彈性工作時(shí)間、兼職工作、周日購(gòu)物和24小時(shí)城市。短語(yǔ)inone’splace表示“取代”。故選C?！?2題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：歐洲城市對(duì)這些變化的反應(yīng)可能比英國(guó)城市更快。A.stickingto堅(jiān)持；B.respondingto回應(yīng)；C.objectingto反對(duì)；D.turningto求助于。根據(jù)后文“thesechangesperhapsfasterthanBritishcities”指歐洲城市對(duì)這些變化的反應(yīng)。故選B。【23題詳析】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：例如，在意大利至少六個(gè)城市，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)UfficiTempi——時(shí)間辦公室。A.forexample例如；B.ontheotherhand另一方面；C.bycontrast相比之下；D.inthemeanwhile同時(shí)。根據(jù)上文“InatleasthalfadozencitiesinItaly”可知，此處是在就歐洲城市對(duì)這些變化的反應(yīng)進(jìn)行舉例說(shuō)明。故選A?！?4題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這對(duì)意大利婦女來(lái)說(shuō)尤其重要，越來(lái)越多的婦女不得不平衡兩個(gè)時(shí)間表：工作和家庭。A.alter改變；B.discuss討論；C.understand理解；D.balance平衡。根據(jù)后文“twotimetables:workandhome.”指婦女不得不平衡兩個(gè)時(shí)間表：工作和家庭。故選D?！?5題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：UfficiTempi通常設(shè)在市長(zhǎng)辦公室，將運(yùn)輸供應(yīng)商、店主、雇主、工會(huì)、警察和其他服務(wù)部門聚集在一起，看看如何更好地協(xié)調(diào)他們的努力。A.spared抽出；B.harmonized和諧；C.directed指導(dǎo)；D.appreciated欣賞。根據(jù)上文“transportproviders,shop-owners,employers,tradeunions,thepoliceandotherservices”此處指協(xié)調(diào)這些部門的努力。故選B?！?6題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：另一個(gè)好處是，晚上可以有更多的警察在人們最需要的時(shí)候在街上巡邏。A.method方法；B.issue問(wèn)題；C.benefit收益；D.excuse借口。根據(jù)后文“therecanbemorepoliceaboutintheevening,patrollingthestreetswhenpeoplemostneedthem.”可知，晚上可以有更多的警察在人們最需要的時(shí)候在街上巡邏是另一個(gè)好處，benefit符合語(yǔ)境。故選C?！?7題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在許多德國(guó)城市，人們一直在爭(zhēng)論未來(lái)城市的時(shí)間表應(yīng)該是6×6還是4×9——也就是工作時(shí)間。A.debating辯論；B.asking詢問(wèn)；C.doubting懷疑；D.revealing揭示。根據(jù)后文“whetherthetimetableofthefuturecityshouldbe6x6or4x9--workinghours”可知，人們一直在爭(zhēng)論未來(lái)城市的時(shí)間表應(yīng)該是6×6還是4×9——也就是工作時(shí)間。故選A?！?8題詳析】考查數(shù)詞詞義辨析。句意：顯然，男性員工喜歡每周四天的工作制，而女性員工則喜歡縮短六天的工作制。A.four四；B.six六；C.seven七；D.nine九。呼應(yīng)上文“thetimetableofthefuturecityshouldbe6x6or4x9—workinghours”指男性員工喜歡每周四天的工作制，而女性員工則喜歡縮短六天的工作制。故選B?！?9題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：對(duì)于一些工作人員來(lái)說(shuō)，需要公共服務(wù)來(lái)適應(yīng)我們不斷變化的生活方式是相當(dāng)困難的。A.need需要；B.ambition抱負(fù)；C.pity同情；D.reason理由。根據(jù)后文“forpublicservicestoadapttoourchanginglifestyles”指需要公共服務(wù)來(lái)適應(yīng)我們不斷變化的生活方式，故選A?！?0題詳析】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：畢竟，誰(shuí)喜歡在晚上或周日工作呢？A.Aboveall尤其是；B.Onthecontrary相反地；C.Afterall畢竟；D.Byallmeans無(wú)論如何。上文提到公共服務(wù)來(lái)適應(yīng)我們不斷變化的生活方式是相當(dāng)困難的，因?yàn)楫吘箾](méi)有人喜歡晚上或周日工作。故選C?！?1題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管如此，許多市中心現(xiàn)在每周7天開(kāi)放購(gòu)物，其中一些城市現(xiàn)在宣傳自己是“24小時(shí)城市”，在那里有錢的人可以喝酒、吃飯、跳舞，甚至整晚購(gòu)物。A.night夜晚；B.day天；C.city城市；D.area區(qū)域。根據(jù)上文“anumberofthemnowpromotethemselvesas‘24-hourcities’,wherethosewithmoneycandrink,eat,danceandevenshopthewhole”可知，24小時(shí)城市，說(shuō)明在那里有錢的人可以喝酒、吃飯、跳舞，甚至整晚購(gòu)物。故選A?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著時(shí)間的推移，城市結(jié)構(gòu)與其用途之間的不匹配是一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的建筑和規(guī)劃問(wèn)題。A.difference差異；B.mismatch錯(cuò)配；C.communication交流；D.relationship關(guān)系。根據(jù)上文“Timeisflexible,butbuildingsaren’t.(時(shí)間是靈活的，但建筑不是)”可知，城市結(jié)構(gòu)與其用途之間存在不匹配問(wèn)題。故選B?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：適應(yīng)能力已成為關(guān)鍵技能。A.Regulation規(guī)章制度；B.Availability可用性；C.Adaptability適應(yīng)性；D.Observation觀察。上文提到城市結(jié)構(gòu)與其用途之間存在不匹配問(wèn)題，即適應(yīng)能力不夠。故選C?！?4題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們正在慢慢地放棄郊區(qū)的宿舍和工業(yè)區(qū)，轉(zhuǎn)而青睞多功能區(qū)、城外零售業(yè)和在家工作。A.varying變化；B.coming來(lái)；C.accepting接受；D.abandoning拋棄。根據(jù)后文“infavourofmixed-useareas,out-of-townretailingandworkingfromhome.”可知，正在慢慢地放棄郊區(qū)的宿舍和工業(yè)區(qū)，轉(zhuǎn)而青睞多功能區(qū)、城外零售業(yè)和在家工作。故選D。【35題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，規(guī)劃理論正受到現(xiàn)代城市中不斷變化