河南省駐馬店市2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期1月期末英語(yǔ)試題（含答案解析）

駐馬店市2023—2024學(xué)年度高三年級(jí)期末統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)、考場(chǎng)號(hào)、座位號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上。寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatdoesthewomanasktheboytostopdoing?A.Gettingoutoftheelevator.B.Goingtotheplayground.C.Jumpingintheelevator.2.Whatwillhappenaboutthecitycenter?A.Therewillbemorepollution.B.Therewillbemoreparkingareas.C.Therewillbemorebicycletracks.3.Howwillthewomanpay?A.Incash.B.Bycreditcard.C.Bycheck.4.Whyisthewomanunsatisfiedwiththefish?A.Ittastesterrible.B.Itisservedtoolate.C.It’snotwhatsheordered.5.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inarestaurant.B.Atagasstation.C.Inatheatre.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whodoesthemanwanttospeakto?A.MaryJones.B.DavidBowie.C.JackStewart.7.Whenwillthetrainingcoursestart?A.OnJune12th.B.OnJuly12th.C.OnJuly22nd.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Howmuchistherentfortheextralargetentperday?A.$10.B.$50.C.$60.9.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Reserveatent.B.Lookforacampingsite.C.Changehiscampingplan.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whenwillthemanvisitthecampus?A.OnMondaymorning.B.OnMondayafternoon.C.OnTuesdayafternoon.11.Whichyearofcollegearethespeakersprobablyinnow?A.Thefirstyear.B.Thesecondyear.C.Thethirdyear.12.WhatactivitywillthemantakepartinonTuesdaymorning?A.LibraryTour.B.CareersLecture.C.StudentUnionInduction.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13Whatpositionisthemanapplyingfor?A.Amusicteacher.B.Aradiohost.C.ATVproducer.14.Whatdoesthemansayaboutsendinge-mails?A.Heisgoodatit.B.Heneedstimetopracticeit.C.Heprefersmakingphonecallstoit.15.Whatdoesthejobinvolveaccordingtothewoman?A.Alotoftraffic.B.Gettingupearly.C.Dealingwithcomplaints.16.Whoappearsintheman’sreferencelist?A.Hisformerboss.B.Hisformercolleague.C.Hisformerclassmate.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whenwilltheracebeheldthisyear?A.OnMay11th.B.OnMay23rd.C.OnMay24th.18.Wheredoestheracestart?A.Atthefootballground.B.Onthenorthsideofthepark.CAtthemainentranceofthepark.19.Whatcaneveryrunnergetthisyear?A.AT-shirt.B.Apairofrunningshoes.C.Awaterbottle.20.Whocanrunintheracefreeofcharge?A.Childrenbetween8and15.B.Childrenundertheageof8.C.Adultswhohaveregisteredinadvance.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ACulturalWebsitesAncientGreeceThisisaguidewithrichinformationandpicturestoAncientGreece,coveringart,architecture,politics,Olympics,geography,historyandothertopics.Thephotogallerywithbird’s-eyeimagesofGreekartisofnote.Contentsincludemaps,biographiesandrelatedlinks,thoughlittleinthewayofengagingmultimedia.Thewebsitelastupdatedin2008,andsomelinksarebroken.GettyGetty,anonlinemuseum,focusesonthevisualartsandservesbothgeneralaudiencesandspecializedprofessionals.ItsResearchLibraryisaccessibletobothon-siteandfar-awayusers.TheExploreArtpartpermitsyoutolookthroughmanyoftheworksofartonshow.Youcanalsoviewpresentorpastexhibitions.Therearealsotopicsfordiscussiononmanysidesofartandarthistory.LibraryofCongressThewebsitecontainsmainsourcematerialsconnectingtothehistoryandcultureoftheUnitedStates.Itoffersmorethan7milliondigitalartworksfrommorethan100historicalcollections.YoucanselectcollectionstosearchandexploreteachingandlearningideaswithAmericanmemory.InternetHistorySourcebooksProjectThewebsiteiswonderfulcollectionsofpublicareaandcopy-permittedhistoricaltextsforeducationaluse.Withpagesdesignedspecificallytohelpteachersandstudents,itcontainshundredsofwell-organizedsourcesandalsoincludeslinkstovisualandhearingmaterials,asartandarcheologyplayanimportantroleinthestudyofancienthistory.1HowisAncientGreecedifferentfromotherwebsites?A.Itcoversart. B.Itsrenewalissuspended.C.Itstopicsincludehistory. D.Itcontainshistoricalculture.2.WhatcanvisitorsdointheExploreArtpartofGetty?A.Viewartworksondisplay. B.Purchaseartpiecesonline.C.ServetheResearchLibrary. D.Jointhescientificdiscussion.3.Whatdothelasttwowebsiteshaveincommon?A.Theyfocusonancientscience. B.Theyprovideteachingmaterials.C.TheydealwithAmericanissues. D.Theyhaveseveralhundredpages.【答案】1.B2.A3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四個(gè)與文化有關(guān)的網(wǎng)站?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AncientGreece部分中的“Thewebsitelastupdatedin2008,andsomelinksarebroken.(該網(wǎng)站上次更新于2008年，部分鏈接已損壞)”可知，AncientGreece與其他網(wǎng)站不同的是，它暫停更新了，最近一次更新是在2008年，故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Getty部分中的“TheExploreArtpartpermitsyoutolookthroughmanyoftheworksofartonshow.(“探索藝術(shù)”部分允許你瀏覽許多展出的藝術(shù)作品。)”可知，參觀者可以在theExploreArtpartofGetty上瀏覽展出的藝術(shù)品，故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)LibraryofCongress部分中的“ThewebsitecontainsmainsourcematerialsconnectingtothehistoryandcultureoftheUnitedStates.(該網(wǎng)站包含與美國(guó)歷史和文化相關(guān)的主要來(lái)源材料)”和InternetHistorySourcebooksProject部分中的“Withpagesdesignedspecificallytohelpteachersandstudents,itcontainshundredsofwell-organizedsourcesandalsoincludeslinkstovisualandhearingmaterials,asartandarcheologyplayanimportantroleinthestudyofancienthistory.(頁(yè)面專(zhuān)門(mén)為幫助教師和學(xué)生而設(shè)計(jì)，包含數(shù)百個(gè)組織良好的資源，還包括視覺(jué)和聽(tīng)覺(jué)材料的鏈接，如藝術(shù)和考古學(xué)在古代歷史研究中發(fā)揮著重要作用。)”可知，最后兩個(gè)網(wǎng)站的共同之處在于它們都提供教學(xué)資料，故選B。BAsanordinaryman,Ihaveaspecialhabittoconfess.WheneverIwalkdownthestreet,Ioffertopourabottleofwaterfromthenearbyriverintothedirtofastreettree.It’sjustmypersonalhabit,andIthinkitdoesn’tmakeadifference,butI’dliketodoit.ImentionthisinlightofacampaignlaunchedbytheArboriculturalAssociationtocallonthepublictowaternewstreettrees.TheUKgovernmenthascommittedtoplantingmillionsoftreestohelpmeetclimatetargetsandaimstoincreasetreecoverfrom14.5%to16.5%by2050.However,asJohnParker,chiefexecutiveoftheArboriculturalAssociation,says,“Plantingatreeisjustthestartofthestory.Thehealthandsurvivalofnewurbantreesisthreatenedbyincreasinglydryweather.Itisrecommendedthatthenewlyplantedtreesbegivenabout50litresofwaterperweekforthefirstthreeyears.”Whileinruralsettings,thenewlyplantedtreesandwoodscantakecareofthemselvesandadapt,thechallengingconditionsmeantreesintheurbanareasneedabitmorecare.Longago,Iassumedthatthegoodofstreettreeswastosoftenthehardedgesofurbanenvironments.But,whatanunderestimationoftreepowerthatwas!AstudyfromtheUniversityofMinnesotaTwinCitiesillustratestheycanprovideinspirationoracalmingatmosphereinanotherwisecrowdedcity.Treesareresponsibleforeasingurbanheatislandeffectsandairandpollutantfiltration.AndIthinktheyprovidethehabitatforwildlife,especiallybirds.Treescan’trunaway.Unfortunatelyforthemandfortunatelyforurbanresidentscitytreesarestuckwithus.Ifwewanttocontinueenjoyingallthegoodtheydo,weshouldtrytounderstandtheirneedsanddoallthatwecantosupportthem.Abottleofwaterwon’tdomuch,butnexttimeyoualltogetherhaveabucketofwatertopour,youknowwhatbigeffectwillhappen.4.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhispersonalhabit?A.Itisoflittleeffect. B.Itisenforced.C.Itisofmuchsignificance. D.Itiscommon.5.WhatdoesJohnParkersayabouturbantrees?A.Theyhavestartedtobewateredregularly.B.Moreworkneedstobedonefortheirliving.C.Theyarethreatenedbytheincreasingflood.D.Thenewlyplantedonescan’tlookafterthemselves.6.Whatcanwelearnaboutstreettreesfromparagraph3?A.Theirusageisoverrated.B.Theirvalueisthoughthighlyofbythepublic.C.Theybenefitresidentsphysicallyandmentally.D.Theycanthoroughlysolveenvironmentalproblems.7.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthelastparagraph?A.Wheninneed,askforit. B.Talltreescatchmuchwind.C.Manyhandsmakelightwork. D.Misfortunesseldomcomealone.【答案】4.A5.B6.C7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是記敘文。文章主要講述了作者給人行道樹(shù)澆水的故事及其引發(fā)的感悟。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“It’sjustmypersonalhabit,andIthinkitdoesn’tmakeadifference,butI’dliketodoit.(這只是我個(gè)人的習(xí)慣，我認(rèn)為這不起什么作用，但我愿意這樣做。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為給行道樹(shù)澆水只是他的個(gè)人習(xí)慣，作用不大，故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段JohnParker所說(shuō)的話“Plantingatreeisjustthestartofthestory.Thehealthandsurvivalofnewurbantreesisthreatenedbyincreasinglydryweather.Itisrecommendedthatthenewlyplantedtreesbegivenabout50litresofwaterperweekforthefirstthreeyears.(植樹(shù)只是故事的開(kāi)始。日益干燥的天氣威脅著城市新樹(shù)木的健康和生存。建議新栽樹(shù)前三年每周澆水約50升)”可推知，他認(rèn)為樹(shù)只是開(kāi)始，城市樹(shù)木若要健康地存活下來(lái)，還需要更多的照顧，故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“AstudyfromtheUniversityofMinnesotaTwinCitiesillustratestheycanprovideinspirationoracalmingatmosphereinanotherwisecrowdedcity.Treesareresponsibleforeasingurbanheatislandeffectsandairandpollutantfiltration.(明尼蘇達(dá)大學(xué)雙城分校的一項(xiàng)研究表明，它們可以在擁擠的城市中提供靈感或平靜的氛圍。樹(shù)木負(fù)責(zé)緩解城市熱島效應(yīng)以及空氣和污染物過(guò)濾)”可知，行道樹(shù)有益于城市居民的身心健康，故選C。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Abottleofwaterwon’tdomuch,butnexttimeyoualltogetherhaveabucketofwatertopour,youknowwhatbigeffectwillhappen.(一瓶水起不了多大作用，但下次大家一起倒一桶水時(shí)，你就知道會(huì)發(fā)生什么大作用了)”可知，作者告訴我們“眾人拾柴火焰高”的道理，并通過(guò)自己的親身經(jīng)歷來(lái)呼吁大家一起澆灌行道樹(shù)，發(fā)揮眾人的力量，即“人多力量大”，故選C。CUNESCOhasaddedItalianoperasinging,alongwithmorethan50otherpracticesfromaroundtheworld,toitslistofIntangible(無(wú)形的)CulturalHeritage.Theagencycreatedthelistin2008tohelpsafeguardtraditions,festivals,ritesofpassage,artformsandotherpracticesacrosstheglobe.Italsorecognizesculturallyandhistoricallysignificantbuildings,structuresandpropertieswithitswell-knownlistofWorldHeritageSites.Itoriginatesfromthe2003ConventionfortheSafeguardingofIntangibleCulturalHeritage,whichiscelebratingits20thanniversaryin2023.WithUNESCO’sdecision,operasingingjoinsseveralotherItaliantraditionsonthelist,likepizzamaking.“Performedbypeopleofallgenders,Italianoperasingingisassociatedwithspecificfacialexpressionsandbodygesturesandinvolvesacombinationofmusic,drama,actingandstaging,”writesUNESCO.ThepracticedatesbacktotheMedicifamilyinFlorenceinthelate16thandearly17thcenturies.JacopoPeri’sDafne,whichwasperformedfortheMedicisin1598,isconsideredthefirstItalianopera.“Thisisaconfirmationofwhatwe’vealreadyknown:Operasingingisaworldexcellence,”saysGennaroSangiuliano,Italy’scultureminister,inastatement.Awidevarietyofculturalpractices,fooddishesandfestivalsalsomadethelistatUNESCO’sIntergovernmentalCommitteefortheSafeguardingoftheIntangibleCulturalHeritagemeetinginBotswana.Thecommitteenarroweddownnominationssubmittedby72nations,ultimatelyselecting55toaddtothelist.Thefulllistnowincludes730practicesfrom145countries.Sixofthenewadditionsare“inneedofurgentsafeguarding”,accordingtoUNESCO.TheseincludeSyrianglassblowing,olivecultivationinTürkiyeandatraditionalMalaysianperformancecalledMekMulung.Thenon-urgentadditionsincludeseveralannualevents,suchastheRotterdamSummerCarnivalintheNetherlands,theSangoFestivalofOyoinNigeria,theJunkanoointheBahamasandtheShuwalidfestivalinEthiopia.8.WhywasItalianoperasingingaddedtotheUNESCO’slist?A.Toproveitsperfection. B.Topreservethisartform.C.Tostrengthenitscompetitiveness. D.Tocelebratethisart’s20thanniversary.9.WhatdoesUNESCOmentionaboutItalianoperasinginginparagraph2?A.Itsfeatures. B.Itsprospects. C.Itsorigin. D.Itscost.10.WhatcanweinferaboutItalianoperasingingfromGennaroSangiuliano’swords?A.Ithasalonghistory. B.Itawaitsconfirmation.C.Ithasreceivedhighrecognition. D.Itcomesfromawell-knownperformance.11.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheArtFormsinItalyB.TheIntroductiontoUNESCOC.730PracticesAreReadytoBeAddedtotheUNESCO’sListD.TheUNESCO’sListWelcomesItalianOperaSinging&OtherPractices【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織將意大利歌劇演唱及其他來(lái)自世界各地的文化遺產(chǎn)列入其非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)名錄?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Theagencycreatedthelistin2008tohelpsafeguardtraditions,festivals,ritesofpassage,artformsandotherpracticesacrosstheglobe.(該機(jī)構(gòu)于2008年創(chuàng)建了這份清單，旨在幫助保護(hù)全球的傳統(tǒng)、節(jié)日、成人儀式、藝術(shù)形式和其他習(xí)俗)”可推知，意大利歌劇演唱被加入非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)名錄是為了保護(hù)該藝術(shù)形式，故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“WithUNESCO’sdecision,operasingingjoinsseveralotherItaliantraditionsonthelist,likepizzamaking.“Performedbypeopleofallgenders,Italianoperasingingisassociatedwithspecificfacialexpressionsandbodygesturesandinvolvesacombinationofmusic,drama,actingandstaging,”writesUNESCO.(根據(jù)聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織的決定，歌劇演唱與其他幾種意大利傳統(tǒng)（例如披薩制作）一起被列入名單。聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織寫(xiě)道：“意大利歌劇演唱由各種性別的人表演，與特定的面部表情和身體姿勢(shì)相關(guān)，涉及音樂(lè)、戲劇、表演和舞臺(tái)的結(jié)合。”)”可知，聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織提到了意大利歌劇演唱的特點(diǎn)，即它由不同性別的人表演，有特定的面部表情和肢體動(dòng)作，并與音樂(lè)、戲劇、表演和舞臺(tái)結(jié)合，故選A?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段引號(hào)中GennaroSangiuliano所說(shuō)的話“Thisisaconfirmationofwhatwe’vealreadyknown:Operasingingisaworldexcellence(這證實(shí)了我們已經(jīng)知道的事情：歌劇演唱是世界一流的)”可知，從GennaroSangiuliano的話中我們可以推斷出，意大利歌劇演唱得到了高度認(rèn)可，故選C。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是根據(jù)第一段第一句“UNESCOhasaddedItalianoperasinging,alongwithmorethan50otherpracticesfromaroundtheworld,toitslistofIntangible(無(wú)形的)CulturalHeritage.(聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織將意大利歌劇演唱以及來(lái)自世界各地的50多種其他做法列入其無(wú)形文化遺產(chǎn)名錄)”可知，文章主要介紹了聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織將意大利歌劇演唱及其他來(lái)自世界各地的文化遺產(chǎn)列入其非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)名錄。由此可知，D項(xiàng)“聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織的名單歡迎意大利歌劇演唱和其他文化遺產(chǎn)”適合作文章標(biāo)題，故選D。DTheGreatWallinChinaisaniconicculturallandmarkthathasstoodforalongtime.Butthelongstructureisalsoatriskofdisappearingbecauseofnaturalerosion.Now,scientistshavediscoveredthatsomepartsofthewallarebetterconservedfromtheelementsthanothers.Someplantshavecreatedalayerofbiocrusts(生物外殼)onsomesectionsofthewall,accordingtoastudypublishedinajournal.Inadditiontostrengtheningthewall,thebiocrustsshielditfromwindandwater.Theresearchersreportthe“l(fā)ivingcover”alsoinsulatesthewallfromtemperaturechanges.TheGreatWallwasconstructedandconnectedoverthousandsofyearsagotohelpcreatea“uniteddefensesystem”forChina’snorthernborder.Somesectionswerebuiltusingrammedearth(夯土),aprocessthatinvolvescompactingnaturalmaterialslikestonesandsoiltocreatefirmstructures.Thosematerialsalsoprovidedanidealhabitatfororganismstogrow—andovertime,theycreatedabiocrustlayeratoptherammedearth.ScientistsinChinawantedtobetterunderstandthewall’sbiocrusts,sotheytooksamplesfromaroughly300-mile-longsection.Whentheyanalyzedthesamples,theyfoundthat67%oftheareatheystudiedwascoveredinbiocrusts.Theyalsoconductedaseriesofexperimentstocomparethebareandbiocrust-coveredsamples.Thebiocrust-coveredsectionsheldupbetterintestsmeasuringtheirstrengthandstability.Somebiocrustsampleswerethreetimesstrongerthanthebarerammedearthsamples.ThenewresearchcouldhelpinformconservationstrategiesfortheGreatWallandotherheritagestructurescreatedfromrammedearth.Someconservationistshavesupposedthatbiocrustsmaycausehistoricstructurestoworsenmorequickly,butthisstudysuggestsotherwise.Instead,biocrustshelpfullycombinethefunctionsofseveralconventionalmeasuresintoonenature-based,eco-friendlyandlong-lastingstrategy.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“insulates”inparagraph1mean?A.Protects. B.Takes. C.Removes. D.Creates.13.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.HowtheGreatWallwasbuilt. B.Whatrammedearthoncewaslike.C.WhatroletheGreatWallplayedinhistory. D.HowbiocrustswereformedontheGreatWall.14.Whatcanthefindingsbeusedtodo?A.Conserveplantsamples. B.Stoptheformationofbiocrusts.C.Helpkeeprammedearthheritagestructures. D.Replaceconventionalbuildingprotectionmeasures.15.Howisthetextmainlyorganized?A.Byanalyzingthemethodsofwallrestoration.B.BycomparingdifferentsectionsoftheGreatWall.C.BytrackingthehistoricalsignificanceoftheGreatWall.D.Byexplaininganewscientificdiscoveryanditsimpacts.【答案】12.A13.D14.C15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了中國(guó)長(zhǎng)城上的具有保護(hù)作用的生物外殼。【12題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞上文“Someplantshavecreatedalayerofbiocrusts(生物外殼)onsomesectionsofthewall,accordingtoastudypublishedinajournal.Inadditiontostrengtheningthewall,thebiocrustsshielditfromwindandwater.(根據(jù)期刊上發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)研究，一些植物在墻壁的某些部分形成了一層生物外殼。除了加固墻壁之外，生物外殼還能保護(hù)它免受風(fēng)和水的影響。)”可知，一些植物在長(zhǎng)城的某些部分形成了一層生物外殼，不僅可以加固墻壁，還能保護(hù)它免受風(fēng)和水的影響，這是在介紹生物外殼的好處，結(jié)合劃線單詞所在句子“Theresearchersreportthe“l(fā)ivingcover”alsoinsulatesthewallfromtemperaturechanges.(研究人員報(bào)告說(shuō)，“活體覆蓋物”還能使墻壁insulates溫度變化的影響。)”中的also可知，劃線句子也是在介紹生物外殼的好處，由此可推知，生物外殼能使墻壁免受溫度變化的影響，劃線單詞意為“使免受”，與A項(xiàng)“Protects.(保護(hù))”意思相近，故選A?！?3題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中“Somesectionswerebuiltusingrammedearth(夯土),aprocessthatinvolvescompactingnaturalmaterialslikestonesandsoiltocreatefirmstructures.Thosematerialsalsoprovidedanidealhabitatfororganismstogrow—andovertime,theycreatedabiocrustlayeratoptherammedearth.(有些部分是用夯土建造的，這一過(guò)程涉及壓實(shí)石頭和土壤等天然材料以形成堅(jiān)固的結(jié)構(gòu)。這些材料還為生物體的生長(zhǎng)提供了理想的棲息地，隨著時(shí)間的推移，它們?cè)诤煌另敳啃纬闪松锿鈿?”可知，第二段主要介紹了長(zhǎng)城上的生物結(jié)皮是如何形成的。故選D?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“ThenewresearchcouldhelpinformconservationstrategiesfortheGreatWallandotherheritagestructurescreatedfromrammedearth.(這項(xiàng)新研究可以幫助為長(zhǎng)城和其他夯土遺產(chǎn)建筑的保護(hù)策略提供信息)”可知，研究結(jié)果可以用來(lái)幫助保存長(zhǎng)城和其他夯土遺產(chǎn)建筑。故選C。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。第一段介紹了有關(guān)長(zhǎng)城的新發(fā)現(xiàn)——夯土的生物外殼能提供保護(hù)；第二段和第三段進(jìn)一步解釋了這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)；最后一段探討了這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)于保護(hù)長(zhǎng)城和其他遺產(chǎn)建筑的重要性。由此可知，本文是通過(guò)解釋一個(gè)新的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)及其影響來(lái)展開(kāi)描寫(xiě)的，故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Wewatchoursaltandfatintaketoprotectourhearts.Weexerciseandtakecalciumtoprotectourbones.Weapplysunscreentoprotectourskin____16____Investinhigh-qualitysunglasses.Protectingeyesfromsunlightisveryimportant.Toprotectyoureyes,wearsunglassescertifiedtoblockout99%to100%ofUVAandUVBlightThelenses(鏡片)areessential.____17____Infact,ifthelensesaredarkbutnotUVprotected,that’sworseforyoureyes.Takeabreakfromscreens.Thereissomemedicalevidencethatthelightfromelectronicscreensdamageseyes.____18____Oneofthebestwaystopreventthatisdrinkingfourorfiveglassesofwateraday.Ifyoustillfeelyoureyesaredryortired,useeyedropstokeepyourvisionclear.____19____Firstly,stopsmoking.Obviously,itishardtostopsmoking,butitisnotonlybadforyourlungsbutalsoharmfultoyoureyes.Itcausesdryeyesandevenincreasestheriskofeyediseases.Besides,trynottorubyoureyesoften.Rubbingmakesinfectionworse.Themoreyourub,themoreitchyyoureyeswillget.Instead,takemedicationoruseeyedropsfordryeyes.Haveaneyetest.Don’tforgettoseeaneyespecialistforacheckupregularly,ifpossible.____20____Butmedicalequipmentcandetectthem.Allarebesttreatedwhenfoundearly.Formostpeople,unlessthereareproblems,thatmeanshavingyoureyestestedbyahealthcareprovidereveryonetotwoyears.A.Stopbadhabits.B.Smokingisbadforeyesight.C.Notalleyeproblemsarenoticeable.D.Ifthelensesaredarkenough,it’sgoodforoureyes.E.Similarly,wecandosomethingindeedtoprotectoureyes.F.Surprisingly,darklensesarenotnecessarilythemostprotective.G.Staringatthemcanleaveyoureyesexhaustedandmakeyouseethingsvaguely.【答案】16.E17.F18.G19.A20.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一些保護(hù)視力的方法。【16題詳解】上文“Wewatchoursaltandfatintaketoprotectourhearts.Weexerciseandtakecalciumtoprotectourbones.Weapplysunscreentoprotectourskin(我們注意鹽和脂肪的攝入量以保護(hù)我們的心臟。我們鍛煉并服用鈣來(lái)保護(hù)我們的骨骼。我們涂抹防曬霜來(lái)保護(hù)我們的皮膚)”介紹了保護(hù)心臟、骨骼和皮膚的方法，下文“Investinhigh-qualitysunglasses.(投資優(yōu)質(zhì)太陽(yáng)鏡)”，“Takeabreakfromscreens.(遠(yuǎn)離屏幕休息一下)”，“Haveaneyetest.(進(jìn)行視力測(cè)試)”介紹了一些保護(hù)視力的方法，由此可知，空處引起下文，指出有一些辦法可以保護(hù)眼睛，E項(xiàng)“同樣，我們確實(shí)可以做一些事情來(lái)保護(hù)我們的眼睛”符合語(yǔ)境。故選E。【17題詳解】上文“Toprotectyoureyes,wearsunglassescertifiedtoblockout99%to100%ofUVAandUVBlight.Thelenses(鏡片)areessential.(為了保護(hù)您的眼睛，請(qǐng)佩戴經(jīng)認(rèn)證可阻擋99%至100%UVA和UVB光的太陽(yáng)鏡。鏡片必不可少)”指出鏡片很重要，根據(jù)下文“Infact,ifthelensesaredarkbutnotUVprotected,that’sworseforyoureyes.(事實(shí)上，如果鏡片顏色較深但不防紫外線，那對(duì)你的眼睛來(lái)說(shuō)會(huì)更糟糕)”可知，深色鏡片不一定具有保護(hù)作用，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“令人驚訝的是，深色鏡片不一定是最具保護(hù)性的”符合語(yǔ)境。故選F?！?8題詳解】上文“Thereissomemedicalevidencethatthelightfromelectronicscreensdamageseyes.(有一些醫(yī)學(xué)證據(jù)表明電子屏幕發(fā)出的光會(huì)損害眼睛)”指出電子電子屏幕的光會(huì)損害眼睛，空處承接上文，具體解釋如何損害眼睛，G項(xiàng)“盯著它們會(huì)讓你的眼睛疲憊不堪，讓你看東西變得模糊”符合語(yǔ)境。故選G?！?9題詳解】下文“Firstly,stopsmoking.Obviously,itishardtostopsmoking,butitisnotonlybadforyourlungsbutalsoharmfultoyoureyes.Itcausesdryeyesandevenincreasestheriskofeyediseases.Besides,trynottorubyoureyesoften.Rubbingmakesinfectionworse.Themoreyourub,themoreitchyyoureyeswillget.Instead,takemedicationoruseeyedropsfordryeyes.(首先，戒煙。顯然，戒煙很難，但它不僅對(duì)肺部有害，而且對(duì)眼睛也有害。它會(huì)導(dǎo)致眼睛干澀，甚至增加患眼病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。另外，盡量不要經(jīng)常揉眼睛。摩擦?xí)垢腥緪夯?。揉得越多，眼睛就越癢。相反，服用藥物或使用眼藥水治療干眼癥)”主要介紹了要戒掉一些對(duì)眼睛不好的壞習(xí)慣。A項(xiàng)“戒掉壞習(xí)慣”符合語(yǔ)境，能概括本段內(nèi)容，故選A。【20題詳解】上文“Don’tforgettoseeaneyespecialistforacheckupregularly,ifpossible(如果可能的話，不要忘記定期去看眼科專(zhuān)家進(jìn)行檢查)”指出要定期去看眼科專(zhuān)家，根據(jù)下文“Butmedicalequipmentcandetectthem.(但醫(yī)療設(shè)備可以檢測(cè)到它們)”可知，空處和上文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，C項(xiàng)“并非所有眼睛問(wèn)題都很明顯”符合語(yǔ)境，承接上文，指出去看眼科專(zhuān)家的原因，同時(shí)和下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選C。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Manyyearsago,becauseIdidn’thaveacar,mydaughter,Sarah,hadbeendrivingmeeverywhere.At60,Icouldn’tgetusedto____21____onanyoneelse.Idesiredfor____22____.Oneday,Sarahdrovemetoalocalseniorcitizencenter,whereIencounteredaflyer,advertisingthetaxiservice.Asanurse,Ihadspentmuchtimelookingaftermypatients,andIhad____23____tomydaughter,too.WhenIretired,Ifeltmylifewas____24____.I’dhopedworkingasa____25____inthiscenterwouldhelpmefindmyvalue.However,nothavingacar,Ifeltitwouldbea____26____.Ifthetaxicouldserveme,Iwouldgetridoftheworry.ThenIdialedthenumber.Butthe____27____wasreceivedbyanansweringmachine.SoIleftamessage.Thatwasreallya____28____.Disappointed,Iwentbackhome.Suddenly,thephonerang.“ThisisJenny.Youhavethewrongnumber.I’mnottheheadofthetaxiservicecenter”.Myheart____29____asIwasstillstuck.“I’msorrytohavebotheredyou,”Isaid,tryingto____30____.“Iwasjusttryingtofindaride.”Shesaid____31____,“Icandoit”.Icouldfeelherfirmtone.ButI____32____.CouldItake____33____fromstrangers?Buteventually,Ipersuadedmyselftoacceptherkindness.Thenextday,IsawJenny____34____atthedoor.TakingJenny’scarwaslikedrivingwithanoldfriend,andwecherishedour____35____.Later,InolongerdependedonSarah’scarJennyandIhadourownlife,andweoftendidgoodwithoutgettingpaidtogether.21.A.acting B.looking C.counting D.blaming22.A.independence B.responsibility C.curiosity D.assistance23.A.turned B.attended C.objected D.submitted24.A.worthless B.priceless C.comfortable D.recognizable25.A.sponsor B.visitor C.leader D.volunteer26.A.lesson B.success C.barrier D.mistake27.A.call B.note C.request D.appeal28.A.get-together B.let-down C.breakthrough D.workout29.Alifted B.relaxed C.stopped D.sank30.A.congratulate B.inquire C.apologize D.entertain31.A.definitely B.mysteriously C.ridiculously D.awkwardly32.A.continued B.agreed C.hesitated D.exploded33.A.orders B.favors C.measures D.invitations34.A.goaway B.holdback C.takeoff D.pullup35.A.acquaintance B.rank C.territory D.promise【答案】21.C22.A23.B24.A25.D26.C27.A28.B29.D30.C31.A32.C33.B34.D35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是記敘文。文章主要講述了作者以前一直靠女兒開(kāi)車(chē)送作者去任何地方，作者在60歲時(shí)決定不再依靠任何人。在退休后，作者決定在老年中心當(dāng)志愿者，但是作者不會(huì)開(kāi)車(chē)，于是給出租車(chē)服務(wù)打電話，但是作者打錯(cuò)電話了，電話那頭的人決定開(kāi)車(chē)送作者，自此兩人成為了朋友?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：60歲時(shí)，我無(wú)法習(xí)慣繼續(xù)依賴別人。A.acting表演；B.looking看；C.counting計(jì)數(shù)；D.blaming責(zé)備。上文“Manyyearsago,becauseIdidn’thaveacar,mydaughter,Sarah,hadbeendrivingmeeverywhere.”指出許多年前，作者沒(méi)有車(chē)，一直靠女兒莎拉開(kāi)車(chē)送作者去任何地方，下文“Ifthetaxicouldserveme,Iwouldgetridoftheworry”指出作者給出租車(chē)公司打電話，想讓他們送自己出行，由此可知，作者不再繼續(xù)依賴別人。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我渴望獨(dú)立。A.independence獨(dú)立；B.responsibility責(zé)任；C.curiosity好奇；D.assistance幫助。上文“At60,Icouldn’tgetusedto_______onanyoneelse.”可知，作者無(wú)法習(xí)慣繼續(xù)依靠他人，這說(shuō)明作者渴望獨(dú)立，故選A?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞義詞辨析。句意：作為一名護(hù)士，我花了很多時(shí)間照顧我的病人，我也照顧我的女兒。A.turned轉(zhuǎn)向；B.attended出席；照料；C.objected反對(duì)；D.submitted提交。由上文“Ihadspentmuchtimelookingaftermypatients”和too可知，作者照顧病人，也照顧自己的女兒，attendto固定搭配，意為“照料”，故選B?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我退休的時(shí)候，我覺(jué)得我的生命毫無(wú)價(jià)值。A.worthless無(wú)價(jià)值的；B.priceless無(wú)價(jià)的，非常有用的；C.comfortable舒服的；D.recognizable可辨認(rèn)的。由下文“I’dhopedworkingasa_______inthiscenterwouldhelpmefindmyvalue.”可知，作者希望找到自己的價(jià)值，這說(shuō)明在退休時(shí)，作者覺(jué)得生命毫無(wú)價(jià)值，故選A。【25題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我希望在這個(gè)中心擔(dān)任志愿者能夠幫助我找到自己的價(jià)值。A.sponsor贊助者；B.visitor參觀者；C.leader領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；D.volunteer志愿者。由下文“inthiscenterwouldhelpmefindmyvalue.”可知，作者退休后，想在這個(gè)老年中心當(dāng)志愿者，以此找到自己的價(jià)值，故選D。【26題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，沒(méi)有車(chē)，我覺(jué)得這會(huì)是一個(gè)障礙。A.lesson課；B.success成功；C.barrier障礙；D.mistake錯(cuò)誤。由下文“nothavingacar”可知，作者沒(méi)有車(chē)，所以去這個(gè)老年中心當(dāng)志愿者會(huì)不方便，由此可知，沒(méi)有車(chē)對(duì)她來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)障礙，故選C。【27題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但電話是由答錄機(jī)接聽(tīng)的。A.call電話；B.note通知；C.request要求；D.appeal呼吁，申訴。由上文“ThenIdialedthenumber.”可知，作者給出租車(chē)服務(wù)打電話，故選A?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這真是令人失望。A.get-together團(tuán)聚；B.let-down令人失望的事；C.breakthrough突破；D.workout鍛煉。由上文“Butthe________wasreceivedbyanansweringmachine.”和下文“Disappointed”可知，沒(méi)打通電話，作者很失望，故選B?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我的心沉了下去，因?yàn)槲胰匀挥欣щy。A.lifted舉起；B.relaxed放松；C.stopped停止；D.sank下沉；受挫。由上文“Youhavethewrongnumber.I’mnottheheadofthetaxiservicecenter”和下文“asIwasstillstuck.”可知，作者打錯(cuò)電話了，仍然沒(méi)有解決自己租車(chē)的問(wèn)題，所以感覺(jué)受挫，即心沉了下來(lái)，故選D。【30題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“很抱歉打擾你了，”我說(shuō)，試圖道歉。A.congratulate祝賀；B.inquire詢問(wèn)；C.apologize道歉；D.entertain使娛樂(lè)。由上文“I’msorrytohavebotheredyou”可知，作者打錯(cuò)電話了，所以在向這個(gè)人道歉，故選C?！?1題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：她肯定地說(shuō)：“我能做到”。A.definitely肯定地；B.mysteriously神秘地；C.ridiculously荒謬地；D.awkwardly尷尬地。由下文“Icouldfeelherfirmtone.”可知，電話那頭的人語(yǔ)氣堅(jiān)定，由此可知，此處指她肯定地說(shuō)，故選A?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但我猶豫了。A.continued繼續(xù)；B.agreed同意；C.hesitated猶豫不決；D.exploded爆炸。由下文“CouldItake________fromstrangers?”可知，作者不知道自己是否可以接受陌生人的幫助，所以猶豫不決，故選C?！?3題詳