資料分析參考

ManykindsofManykindsofinteraction?????????Formfill-inAugmentedandforHuman–ComputerunderstandforHuman–Computerunderstandyour?understandlimitations,capacities,tools,understandpsychological,socialhumanandtheirinteraction??Usability5humanfactorsUsability5humanfactorscentraltointerface?–TimetoHowlongdoesittakefortypicalmembersofthecommunitytolearnrelevanttask?SpeedofHowlongdoesittaketoperformrelevantbenchmarks?RateoferrorsbyusersHowmanyandwhatkindsoferrorsaremadeduringbenchmarktasks?Retention（保持力）overFrequencyofuseandeaseoflearningSubjectivesatisfactionAllowforuserfeedbackviainterviews,free-formcommentsandsatisfactionscales––––Designingfor?ExampleDesigningfor?Exampleairplane–Ifboosterpumpfailsturnonfuelvalve（燃油閥）within3seconds–Testsshowedittookatleastfivesecondstoactuallydoit!–HumanfactorsbecamecriticallyThe?Informationi/oThe?Informationi/o–visual,auditory,haptic,Informationstoredin?–sensory,short-term,long-?Informationprocessedand–reasoning,problemsolving,skill,EmotioninfluenceshumancapabilitiesEachpersonisdifferent??CoreCorecognitivePerceptionandrecognitionReading,speakingandProblem-solving,planning,reasoninganddecision-making,learning?????TwoTwostagesinphysicalreceptionofprocessingandinterpretationofTheEye-TheEye-physical?mechanismforreceivinglightandtransformingitintoelectricalenergylightreflectsfromobjectsimagesarefocusedupside-downonretinacontainsrodsforlowlightvisionandconesforcolorvisionganglioncells神經(jīng)節(jié)細胞detectpatternandmovement????InterpretingtheInterpretingthe?Sizeandvisualangleindicateshowmuchofviewobjectoccupies(relatestosizeanddistancefromvisualacuityistheabilitytoperceivefamiliarobjectsperceivedasconstant(inspiteofchangesinvisualanglewhenfarcueslikeoverlappinghelpperceptionofsizeanddepthInterpretingthesignal?Interpretingthesignal?subjectivereactiontolevelsoflightaffectedbyluminanceofobjectmeasuredbyjustnoticeabledifferencevisualacuityincreaseswithluminanceasdoes––––?––––madeupofhue,intensity,saturationconessensitivetocolorwavelengthsblueacuityislowest8%malesand1%femalescolorcolorand??bothoftenusedcolorand??bothoftenusedvery––––oldermonitorslimitedcoloroverusedbecause‘itisbewarecolorusesparingly(保守的)toreinforce(加強other3Dgoodforphysicalinformationandsomebutifoverused?e.g.textin3Dpiebaduseofbaduseof?overuse-withoutverygoodreason(e.g.colourblindnesspooruseofcontrastdoadjustyourset!adjustyourmonitortogreyscanyoustillreadyour???Interpretingthesignal?Interpretingthesignal?Thevisualsystemcompensateschangesin?Contextisusedtoresolve?Opticalillusions(視覺上的錯覺sometimesoccurduetoovercompensationOpticalthePonzoillusion(OpticalthePonzoillusion(龐鄒錯覺theMullerLyerillusion?Severalvisualpattern?Severalvisualpatterndecodedusinginternalrepresentationofinterpretedusingknowledgeofsyntax(句法),semantics,pragmatics(語用學)–????Readinginvolvessaccades(跳閱，掃視andfixationsPerceptionoccursduringfixationsWordshapeisimportanttorecognitionNegativecontrastimprovesreadingfromcomputerscreen?Providesinformationaboutdistances,directions,objectsPhysical?Providesinformationaboutdistances,directions,objectsPhysical?–outer––protectsinnerandamplifiestransmitssoundwavesasvibrations(震動)toinnerearchemicaltransmittersarereleasedandcauseimpulsesinauditorymiddle––inner–?––––––typeorHearing?HumansHearing?Humanscanhearfrequenciesfrom20Hzto15kHz(20kHz)–lessaccuratedistinguishinghighfrequencies?Auditorysystemfilters–canattendtosoundsoverbackground???Providesimportantfeedback???ProvidesimportantfeedbackaboutMaybekeysenseforsomeonewhoisvisuallyimpaired(受損的).Stimulusreceivedviareceptorsintheskin:–thermoreceptors(熱感受器 –heatand––nociceptors(傷害感受器––(someinstant,someSomeareasmoresensitivethanotherse.g.fingers.Kinethesis(動覺)-awarenessofbodyposition–affectscomfortand??TimetakentoTimetakentorespondtoreactiontime+movementMovementtimedependentonage,fitnessetc.Reactiontime-dependentonstimulustype:???–––~~150~Movement?Fitts'Movement?Fitts'Lawdescribesthetimetakentohitascreentarget:Mt=a+blog2(D/S+aandbareempiricallydeterminedconstantsMtismovementtimeDisSisSizeoftargetsaslargeaspossibledistancesassmallaspossibleSelectingthingsSelectingthingstoconcentrateonfromthemassaroundus,atapointintimeFocussedanddividedattentionenablesustobeselectiveintermsofthemassofcompetingstimulibutlimitsourabilitytokeeptrackofallevents–magiciansusethistotheirInformationattheinterfaceshouldbestructuredtocaptureusers’attention,e.g.useperceptualboundaries(windows),color,reversevideo,soundandflashing???DesignimplicationsforDesignimplicationsfor??MakeinformationsalientwhenitneedsattendingUsetechniquesthatmakethingsstandoutlikecolor,ordering,spacing,underlining,sequencingandAexampleofcrisp,simpledesignAvoidusingtoomuchbecausethesoftwareallows??Anexampleofover-useofOurStatethebadBeclear,don’tAnexampleofover-useofOurStatethebadBeclear,don’ttrytoobscurethePerceptionandPerceptionand?Howinformationisacquiredfromtheworldandtransformedintoexperiences?Obviousimplicationistodesignrepresentationsthatarereadilyperceivable,Textshouldbelegible(清晰地IconsshouldbeeasytodistinguishandWhichiseasiesttoreadandWhichiseasiesttoreadandWhatistheWhatistheWhatistheWhatistheWhatistheTherearethreetypesTherearethreetypesofmemorySensoryShort-termmemoryorworkingLong-termInvolvesencodingInvolvesencodingandrecallingknowledgeandactingWedon’tremembereverything-involvesfilteringandContextisimportantinaffectingourWerecognizethingsmuchbetterthanbeingabletorecallTheriseoftheGUIovercommand-basedBetteratrememberingimagesthanTheuseoficonsratherthan?????sensory?Bufferssensory?Buffersforstimulireceivedthroughiconic(圖像的memory:visualechoic(擬聲的，回聲的)memory:aural(聽覺的plieory:tactile(觸覺的stereoContinuously??Short-termmemoryShort-termmemory?Scratch-pad(便箋式fortemporary–rapidaccess~rapiddecay(衰退)~–limitedcapacity-7±201210121414HECATRANUPTHETRTheproblemwithTheproblemwiththeclassic?GeorgeMiller’stheorycanrememberofhowmuchinformation??People’simmediatememorycapacityisveryManydesignershavebeenledtobelievethatthisisusefulfindingforinteractiondesignWhatsomedesignersgetupWhatsomedesignersgetup?????Presentonly7optionsonamenuDisplayonly7iconsonatoolbarHavenomorethan7bulletsinalistPlaceonly7itemsonapulldownPlaceonly7tabsonthetopofawebsite–Butthisiswrong???Inappropriate??InappropriateapplicationofthePeoplecanscanlistsofbullets,tabs,menuitemstilltheyseetheonetheywantTheydon’thavetorecallthemfrommemoryhavingonlybrieflyheardorseenthemSometimesasmallnumberofitemsisgooddesignButitdependsontaskandavailablescreenestate???Long-termmemory?Repository(倉庫forallLong-termmemory?Repository(倉庫forallour–––slowaccess~1/10secondslowdecay,ifanyhugeorunlimited?Two–episodic(插曲式的，由一系列片段組成eventsof–serialmemory–semantic–structuredmemoryoffacts,concepts,semanticLTMderivedfromepisodicLong-termmemory?SemanticmemoryLong-termmemory?Semanticmemoryprovidesaccesstorepresentsrelationshipsbetweenbitsofsupports–?Model:semantic–inheritance(繼承childnodesinheritpropertiesofparentnoddesrelationshipsbetweenbitsofinformationsupportsinferencethrough––LTMLTM-semanticModelsofModelsofLTM-ProductionRepresentationofproceduralCondition/actionifconditionisthenuseruletodetermineIFdogiswaggingtailTHENpat