南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學考研真題-211英語（單）2004

朽木易折，金石可鏤。千里之行，始于足下。第頁/共頁試題編號：211試題名稱：英語（單）注重：答題一律答在答題紙上，答在草稿紙或試卷上一律無效PartIVocabularyandStructure(20points)Directions:Thereare40incompletesentencesinthispart.Foreachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkeda,b,candd.ChoosetheOnethatbestcompletesthesentence.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletterwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Willthissweater_________whenwashed?a.shrinkb.mistc.lessend.declineItis_______todiscussthequestion.a.worthyb.worthyofc.worthwhiled.worthThishotelcan_________600guests.a.accommodateb.accomplishc.accompanyd.accuseTheoldladywas__________totheyoungmanwhohelpedherfindherlostgrandson.a.touchedb.cheerfulc.generousd.gratefulPhysicistshavemadenewdiscoveriesthatchallengeour________theoriesoftheuniverse.a.existedb.adaptedc.organizedd.establishedHisfamilyhadamarvellousholiday,onlythelastthreedayswere________slightly.a.hurtb.spoiledc.ruinedd.damagedHispartnerwasthoroughly_______bytherobber’sdisguise.a.takenthroughb.takeninc.takendownd.takenawayMyson’scompositionwassoconfusedthatitdidn’tmakeany________atall.a.senseb.messagec.explanationd.meaningSomepeopleare________topoliticsandwhatisgoinginotherplaces.a.keenb.sympatheticc.indifferentd.curiousHehadto_______anappointmentwithmeonaccountofillness.a.putupb.putoutc.putupwithd.putoffThemoneytheytookwiththemwasconsiderably_________whattheyneeded.a.infavourofb.inexcessofc.inchargeofd.incontrasttoItwas_______forhimtowearaTshirtatthereception.a.outofplaceb.outoforderc.outofquestiond.outofpracticeThereissomethingwronghere;Iwillaskmysolicitorto________it.a.makeoutb.setaboutc.lookintod.figureoutWhynot_______tennis?It’llhelpyoukeepfit.a.takeupb.takeonc.takeind.takeafterTheyboughtthatpieceoflandwitha_______tobuildinganewofficeblock.a.purposeb.viewc.reasond.goalThecoloursofthatcoatandtrousersdon’t________.a.suitb.comparec.mixd.matchHerememberedwhatithad________himtogetajob.a.spentb.usedc.costd.offeredTheenemyissurrounded,andmustsoon__________.a.giveawayb.giveinc.giveoutd.giveoffThehousewasbuilt_______in1988.a.sometimesb.sometimesc.sometimed.sometimeWemustbemore________ofwater.a.economyb.economicsc.economicd.economicalItisnecessarythathe________hisworkwithintwohours.a.finishb.finishesc.finishingd.tofinishNeithermybrother_______everbeentoBeijing.a.orIhaveb.ormehavec.normehasd.norIhaveIfthemaidcomestoday,pleasehaveher_________myshirts.a.washedb.washingc.washd.towashingBythetimeyougetheretomorrow,I________forNanjing.a.shallhaveleftb.havealreadyleftc.amleavingd.willleaveHardly_______whenitbegantorain.a.hadarrivedheb.hehadarrivedc.didhehavearrivedd.hadhearrivedIwillnotaskhimtohelpyou__________yourunintodifficulties.a.justasb.asfarasc.unlessd.aslongasIfhewerehere,everything_________allright.a.shouldbeb.wouldbec.shouldhavebeend.wouldhavebeenHesaidthathehadneverseenherbefore,_________wasnottrue.a.thatb.whichc.whatd.asThereasonformylatenessis_________Imissedmybus.a.whyb.whichc.ford.thatTheypaidtwentypercentof________theycouldearntotheircountry.a.thatb.whichc.whatd.thoseInordertosearchfortheescapedprisoner,thepolicedecidetoquestion__________comesalongthisroad.a.whob.whoeverc.whomd.whomeverMr.Manson,whoholdstheofficeofchairman,has_______heavyaworkloadthatitisdifficultforhimtravel.a.sob.suchc.quited.muchThewaves_______violentlyagainsttheshore,peoplecouldn’thearthemcryingforhelp.a.beatb.beatingc.havebeatend.werebeating_______goingtoBostonyesterdaytoattendhisdaughterswedding,Dr.NelsonflewtoFloridaforanemergencycase.a.Asopposedtob.Contrarytoc.Insteadofd.InspiteofAfriendofminereturnedtohishouseafteraholiday,onlytofindit_______brokeninto.a.beb.wasc.hadd.hadbeenThesuggestionisworth___________.a.discussingb.todiscussc.beingdiscussedd.tobediscussedNothingcankeephim__________.a.togob.goc.goingd.goneIwillgotomeethimratherthan__________.a.waitb.towaitc.waitingd.waited________itistrueornotremainsaquestion.a.Thatb.Ifc.Whetherd.WhatThisoneisbetter,butitcoststwice________theotherone.a.somuchasb.somuchthanc.toomuchthand.asmuchasPartIIClozeTest(10points)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.Foreachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkeda,b,candd.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Inadditiontonewspapersandperiodicaljournals,therearetwoothermediawhich(41)importanttocriminalinvestigators.Theyareradioandtelevision,andfor(42)investigatorthey(43)averyusefulmeansof(44)theassistanceofthe(45).(46)thetwo,televisionisthemorevaluablebecauseofthe(47)amountoftimeit(48)toreportingcrimestories.Also,ontelevision,itispossibletoshowpicturesofpersonswhomtheinvestigatorwishestointerviewratherthan(49)onlyon(50)descriptions.Suchdescriptions(51)helpthetrainedinvestigatorasameansof(52),buttheyare(53)tohelpmembersofthepublictorecognizeanyone(54)heorshehassome(55)physical(56).Oneaspectofradio,(57),makesitmorevaluablethantelevisionin(58)alertingthepublictobeonthelookoutforpersons(59)theinvestigatorwishestocontact.Thisisthefactthattherearemoreradiosinuse,notonlyinhomes,butalsoinautomobilesandoutdoors.Consequently,morepeoplecanbereachedatallhoursoftheday(60)canbereachedbytelevision.a.isb.hasbeenc.ared.shouldbea.theb.anc.oned.thisa.reflectb.recordc.remindd.representa.takingb.fetchingc.obtainingd.gettinga.peopleb.publicc.citizend.witnessa.Ofb.Amongc.Betweend.Ina.vastb.bigc.greatd.largea.givesb.sendsc.passesd.devotesa.baseb.relyc.drawd.takea.verbalb.visualc.audiod.aurala.mustb.shouldc.mayd.cana.recognitionb.explanationc.identificationd.realizationa.likelyb.unlikelyc.impossibled.possiblea.ifb.untilc.whend.unlessa.outstandingb.importantc.everlastingd.amazinga.featuresb.charactersc.differencesd.qualitiesa.thenb.howeverc.thoughd.whatevera.punctuallyb.carefullyc.immediatelyd.faithfullya.thatb.whomc.whend.whicha.whatb.thatc.whend.thanPartIIIReadingComprehension(40points)Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkeda,b,candd.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.(1)Materialculturereferstothetouchable,material“things”—physicalobjectsthatcanbeseen,held,felt,used—thatacultureproduces.Examiningaculture’stoolsandtechnologycantellusaboutthegroup’shistoryandwayoflife.Similarly,researchintothematerialcultureofmusiccanhelpustounderstandthemusic-culture.Themostvividbodyof“things”init,ofcourse,aremusicalinstruments.Wecannothearforourselvestheactualsoundofanymusicalperformancebeforethe1870swhenthephonograph(留聲機)wasinvented,sowerelyoninstrumentsforimportantinformationaboutmusic-culturesintheremotepastandtheirdevelopment.Herewehavetwokindsofevidence:instrumentswellpreservedandinstrumentspicturedinart.Throughthestudyofinstruments,aswellaspaintings,writtendocuments,andsoon,wecanexplorethemovementofmusicfromtheNearEasttoChinaoverathousandyearsago,orwecanoutlinethespreadofNearEasterninfluencetoEuropethatresultedinthedevelopmentofmostoftheinstrumentsinthesymphonyorchestra.Sheetmusicorprintedmusic,too,ismaterialculture.Scholarsoncedefinedfolkmusicculturesasthoseinwhichpeoplelearnandsingmusicbyearratherthanfromprint,butresearchshowsmutualinfluenceamongoralandwrittensourcesduringthepastfewcenturiesinEurope,Britain,andAmerica.Printedversionslimitvarietybecausetheytendtostandardizeanysong,yettheystimulatepeopletocreatenewanddifferentsongs.Besides,theabilitytoreadmusicnotation(樂譜)hasafar-reachingeffectonmusiciansand,whenitbecomeswidespread,onthemusic-cultureasawhole.Onemoreimportantpartofmusic’smaterialcultureshouldbesingledout:theinfluenceoftheelectronicmedia—radio,recordplayer,taperecorder,television,andvideocassette,withthefuturepromisingtalkingandsingingcomputersandotherdevelopments.Thisisallpartofthe“informationrevolution,”atwentieth-centuryphenomenonasimportantastheindustrialrevolutionwasinthenineteenth.Theseelectronicmediaarenotjustlimitedtomodernnations;theyhaveaffectedmusic-culturesallovertheglobe.Researchintothematerialcultureofanationisofgreatimportancebecause_____________.ithelpsproducenewculturaltoolsandtechnologyitcanreflectthedevelopmentofthenationithelpsunderstandthenation’spastandpresentitcandemonstratethenation’scivilizationItcanbelearnedfromthispassagethat___________.theexistenceofthesymphonywasattributedtothespreadofNearEasternandChinesemusicNearEasternmusichadaninfluenceonthedevelopmentoftheinstrumentsinthesymphonyorchestraThedevelopmentofthesymphonyshowsthemutualinfluenceofEasternandWesternmusicThemusicalinstrumentsinthesymphonyorchestraweredevelopedonthebasisofNearEasternmusicAccordingtotheauthor,musicnotationisimportantbecause___________.ithasagreateffectonthemusic-cultureasmoreandmorepeopleareabletoreaditittendstostandardizefolksongswhenitisusedbyfolkmusiciansitistheprintedversionofstandardizedfolkmusicitencouragespeopletopopularizeprintedversionsofsongsItcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheintroductionofelectronicmediaintotheworldofmusic____________.hasbroughtaboutaninformationrevolutionhasspeededupthearrivalofanewgenerationofcomputershasgivenrisetonewformsofmusicculturehasledtothetransformationoftraditionalmusicalinstrumentsWhichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?Musicalinstrumentsdevelopedthroughtheyearswillsoonerorlaterbereplacedbycomputers.Musiccannotbepassedontofuturegenerationsunlessitisrecorded.Folksongscannotbespreadfarunlesstheyareprintedonmusicsheets.Thedevelopmentofmusiccultureishighlydependentonitsmaterialaspect.(2)Oneofthemainproblemsfacingtheworldtodayistheincreaseofpopulation.Howcanthisincreasingpopulationbefedanditsstandardoflivingimproved?Itisreallyhardtosolve.Obviouslyhigheragriculturalproductionwithbetterdistributionoffoodisoneessentialmethod.Butinmanycountriesbetteragriculturaltechniquesincludingmechanizedfarming,willinvolveareductioninthenumberofpeopleontheland.Furthermorethesurpluspopulationdrivenofffromthelandbymachinescanbe,atleastfully,employedinnewindustries.Howcannewindustriesbeintroducedintocountrieswhichcannotaffordtopayfortheirequipmentandwhichdonotpossessengineersandotherworkerswiththenecessarytraining?Ontheotherhand,morerecently,amuchlargeramountofthemoneylenttounderdevelopedcountrieshasbeenprovideddirectlybypublicauthoritiesintheformofloansfromonegovernmenttoanotherorthroughspecialorganizationsliketheColomboPlanandtheColonialDevelopmentCorporation.Theseloansarenotalwaysdependable,foragovernmentwhichhasgivenfinancialhelpmayalteritspolicyormaybereplacedbyagovernmentlessinterestedinspendingmoneyabroad.Anewgovernment,oragovernmentfacedwithproblemathome,maydecidetoreduceforeignloansandinvestments.In1986,forexample,becauseofincreasedmilitaryexpenditureandotherdemandsonitsfinances,theUnitedStatesgreatlyreduceditsloanstounderdevelopedcountries.Inthepresentinternationalsituation,thereislittlesecurityfortheplansofdevelopingcountriesiftheirplansdependonexternalaid.Thesenationscanonlyrelyonalimitedamountofaidfromafewinternationalorganizations.Wecanhardlywhollydependonforeigngovernmentforaidsbecause_______.theamountofloansneededisfarfromthesatisfactiontheforeigngovernmentsarelessinterestedininvestmentabroadthepolicytowardsinvestmentabroadisoftenchangedatpresenttheunderdevelopedcountriesareallacceptingforeignaidsItisnotdirectlystatedbutimpliedthatwhentheunderdevelopedcountriesdealwiththeirfinancialproblem,theyshould________.dependonafewinternationalorganizationdependonaneffortgivenbyitspeoplerelyonmainlythemselvesforsolvingtheproblemrelymainlyonthemassproductionintheirowncountriesTofeedtheincreasingpopulationwemust________.yieldmorefoodforthepeopleanddistributeitproperlyfindmorejobsforthepeopledrivenofffromthelandusemoreadvancedfarmingmachinesandtechniquestothebestadvantagegetmorefinancialsupportfromtheforeigncountriesWhichofthefollowingsentencesisNOTTRUE?Foreignloanscouldonlybegotthroughthegovernmentorspecialorganizations.Foreignloanswouldbegreatlyinfluencedbythestabilityofinvestingcountries.ForeignloanscouldonlybereliedoninthepresentsituationForeignloansfromgovernmentandinternationalorganizationshavegreatlyincreased.Fromthepassageweknowthebettertheagriculturaltechniques,_______.themorepeoplewillbeunemployedthemoremoneywillbeneededthemoreloanswillberaisedthemoreworkerswillbetrained(3)Therearetwomainthingsthatmakeaircraftengineeringdifficult:theneedtomakeeverycomponentasreliableaspossibleandtheneedtobuildeverythingaslightaspossible.Thefactthatanaeroplaneisupintheairandcannotstopifanythinggoeswrong,makesitperhapsamatteroflifeanddeaththatitsperformanceisabsolutelydependable.Givenacertainpowerofengine,thereisapracticallimittothetotalweightofaircraftthatcanbemadetofly.Outofthatweightasmuchaspossibleiswantedforfuel,radionavigationalinstruments,passengerseats,orfreightroom,andofcourse,thepassengersandaircraftthemselves.Sothestructureoftheaircrafthastobeassmallandlightassafetyandefficiencywillallow.Thedesignersofitmustcalculatethenormalloadthateachpartwillbearandtakeaccountofanyunusualstressthatmaybeputonthepartasprecautionagainsterrorsinmanufacture,accidentdamage,etc.Makingthemachinepartsreliableisasdifficultasmakingthestructurestrongenough.Theflyingcontrols,theelectricalequipment,thefireprecautions,etc.mustnotonlybelightinweight,butmustworkbothathighaltitudeswheretemperaturemaybebelowfreezingpointandinthehotairofanairfieldinthetropics.Tosolvealltheseproblemstheaircraftindustryhasalargenumberofresearchworkerswithelaboratelaboratoriesandtesthousesandnewmaterialstogivethebeststrengthinrelationtoweightareconstantlybeingtested.Totheplanemakers,whichofthefollowingisthetwomainrequirementsofaircraftdesign?speedandcheapnessgoeswrong.reliabilityandpassengercomfortmakingthingsbothlightanddependableabilitytostayupintheairandavoidbreakdownsWhatdoes‘it’refertoinLine6,Paragraph2?a.structureb.aircraftc.engined.weightWhatisthemainideaofthepassage?Everycomponentmustbemadeasreliableaspossible.Everythingintheaeroplaneshouldbeaslightaspossible.Themachinepartsshouldbemadeaslightandreliableaspossible.Elaboratemeasuresmustbetakenascarefullyinthetestaspossible.Fromthepassageweknowresearchworkers_________.areemployedinlargenumbersbytheaircraftindustryseldomfindsolutionstopracticalproblemsatfirstdon’tneedanumberofelaboratelaboratoriesofstressgivethebeststrengthinrelationtoweightofgoodsWhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?Anaeroplanehastooperateasperfectlyaspossibleotherwisepeoplemightdieifanythinggoeswrong.Makingthestructurestrongenoughisnolessdifficultthanmakingtheworkingpartsdependable.Thetotalpossibleweightofanaircrafttoalargeextentdependsonthepoweroftheengine.Itisnotessentialforthecontrols,thesafetymeasures,etc.tobelightinweightifworkingefficiently.(4)Thereisnodoubtthatadults,andevenhighlyeducatedadults,varygreatlyinthespeedandefficiencyofthereading.Someproceedveryslowlythroughout;othersdashalongtooquicklyandthenhavetoreread.Poorreadersinparticularmaylacktheabilitytovarytheirmannerofreadingaccordingtothetypeofreadingmatterandtotheirintentionsinreadingit.Agoodreadercanmoveatgreatspeedthroughthetextofanovelorsimilarlightreadingmatter.Hemaybeabletoskimapage,pickupawordortwohereandthere,andagainageneralideaofwhatthetextisaboutwithoutreallyreadingit.Inreadingmoredifficultmaterial,withtheintentionoftakingthewholeofit,hewillproceedmoreslowly;buteventhenhewillvaryhispace,concentratingonthekeywordsandpassages,perhapsrereadingthemseveraltimesandpassmorequicklyovertherest.Alessefficientreadertendstomaintainthesamespeedwhateverthematerialhereads.Consequently,evenlightreadingmattergiveshimlittlepleasurebecausehereadssoslowly.Butthispacemaybetoofastforreallydifficultmaterialwhichrequiresspecialconcentrationatdifficultpoints.Atypeofreadingwhichrequirescarefulattentiontodetailsisproof-reading,inwhichthereader,inordertodetectmisprintsinasampleprint,hastonoticenotsomuchthemeaningofwhathereadsastheexactshapeandorderoflettersandwordsinthetext.Thisisextremelydifficultformostpeople,sincetheyareaccustomedtooverlooksuchdetails.Fromthepassageweknowagoodreader_________.shouldpayattentiontothekeywordsshouldreadslowlyandcarefullyifnecessaryshouldchangehis