2018-2022年五年中考英語真題匯編（北京）：閱讀理解（解析版）

5年（2018-2022）中考1年模擬英語真題分項(xiàng)匯編（北京專用）

專題03閱讀理夕

（2022年北京市中考英語真題）

A

WHOISYOURROLEMODEL?WHY?

ImissMrs.Whitemostafterprimary

MyrolemodelismyneighborMs.Li.Sheisin

school.Shewasourmathteacherand

hereightiesnowbutsheisstillyoungatheart.I

alwayspatientwithus.Shehelpedusto

oftenseeherridingherbikeintheparkandshe

workouttheanswersourselves,nomatter

alsospendstimedoingvolunteerwork.She

howdifficultthequestionswere.SoMrs.

helpsmeunderstandthatpeoplewon,tbeoldif

Whiteismyrolemodel,andIwanttobea

theystillhaveagreatloveforlife.Adam

teacherlikeherinthefiιture.Betty

NonnanBethunewasaCanadiandoctor.InYuanLongpingismyrolemodel.Heisone

1938,Dr.BethunecametoChinaandhelpedofthegreatestagricultural（農(nóng)業(yè)的）

treatthewounded.Heoftenworkedveryhardscientistsofourtime.Heworkedhardto

withoutresting.Once,hemanagedtosaveovergrowbetterricetosolvetheproblemsof

onehundredlivesinsixty-ninehours.Heisstillfoodshortage.ItissadthatMr.Yuanhas

rememberedinbothChinaandCanadatoday.leftus,buthisdreamsarecarriedbymany

Soheismyrolemodel.Peterplantandagriculturalresearches.Emma

21.WhoisEmma,srolemodel?

A.Ms.Li.B.Mrs.White.

C.NormanBethune.D.YuanLongping.

22.WhatdoesBettywanttobeinthefuture?

A.Ateacher.B.Ascientist.C.Adoctor.D.Avolunteer.

23.WhatdoweknowaboutMs.Li?

A.Sheworkedinahospital.

B.Shesolvedthefoodproblems.

C.Sheisoldinagebutyoungatheart.

D.SheisVerypatientwithherstudents.

【答案】21.D22.A23.C

【解析】本文是一篇記敘文，分別是四位介紹自己的榜樣是誰，以及原因。

21.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四欄中“YuanLongpingismyrolemodel.”可知，袁隆平是艾瑪?shù)陌駱?，故選D。

22.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二欄中“and?wanttobeateacherlikeherinthefuture”可知，貝蒂以后想成為一名老

師，故選A。

23.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一欄中“MyrolemodelismyneighborMs.Li.Sheisinhereightiesnowbutsheisstill

youngatheart.”可知，李奶奶已經(jīng)八十多歲了，但內(nèi)心仍很年輕。故選C。

（2022年北京市中考英語真題）

B

drum

Ijoinedaband（樂隊(duì)）asadrummerinmymiddleschool.1thoughtitwouldbefunplayingthedrumand

meetingnewfriends.Atfirstitwaseasy,butamonthlater,itgotdifficult.Iwastheonlyonewhocouldn,tkeep

pace（節(jié)奏）withtheotherplayers.

Ourteacher,Angie,singledmeouttokeeppracticingwhileeveιyoneelsegottorelax.Ifeltashamed（羞愧

的）asmyteammateswatchedmefailsomanytimes.FinallyIgotsotiredofpracticingthatIdidn,tcareabout

doingitright.

??Areyougivinguponme.Steve?”Angieasked.

“Yes,Iam,"Ishouted.Angiesentmeinsidethemusicroomwhere?criedout.Thenshecameinandsaid.

“Don'tbesad.?believeyoucanmakeit!”Shetoldmenevertogiveup.SheleftmealoneandIrealizedAngiewas

right-bygivingup,Iwasalsogivingupontheteamandmyself.

Withhercomfort,Idecidedtogoonpracticing.However,Istillcouldn,tplaywell.Knowingmydifficulties,

myteammatesgavemeahand.Theyspentaboutthreemorehourspracticingwithmeeveιyweek.Thankstotheir

supportandhelp,Ibegantokeeppacewiththem.Later,weperformedwonderfullyinanimportantshow.

Inthewholeprocess,Iwastaughtthatalthoughweeachhadourownjobtodoinashow,itwouldtakeallof

usworkingtogethertomaketheshowgreat.Ifeltacceptedandmadegreatprogress.Iloveeveryoneintheband.I

can,timaginewhatmyschoollifewouldbelikewithoutthem.

24.Onemonthafterhejoinedtheband,Stevefeltplayingthedrumwas.

A.funnyB.helpfulC.noisyD.difficult

25.WithAngie,scomfort,Stevedecidedto.

A.haveagoodrestB.goonpracticing

C.giveothersahandD.startanotherband

26.Fromhisexperience,Stevelearnedabout.

A.thevalueofteamworkB.theeffectofshows

C.theimportanceofhobbiesD.thepowerofmusic

【答案】24.D25.B26.A

【解析】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講作者在學(xué)習(xí)敲鼓的過程中遇到困難，差點(diǎn)放棄，在老師和團(tuán)隊(duì)成員的

鼓勵下他堅(jiān)持下來了。

24.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“butamonthlater,itgotdifficult.”可知一個(gè)月后Steve覺得敲鼓是困難的。故選Do

25.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Withhercomfort,IdecidedtogoonPraCtiCing.”可知在老師的鼓勵下，他決定繼續(xù)練

習(xí)。故選B。

26.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Iwastaughtthatalthoughweeachhadourownjobtodoinashow,itwouldtakeallofus

workingtogethertomaketheshowgreat."可知Steve學(xué)會了團(tuán)隊(duì)合作的價(jià)值。故選A。

（2022年北京市中考英語真題）

C

Whatdoesitmeantobegreen?Greenismorethanjustacolor.Italsomeanstakingspecialstepstoprotect

theenvironment.Buyingagreenproductisasmallstepeveryonecantake.Decidingwhetheraproductisgreen,

however,isn,talwayseasy.Weneedtoconsiderthewholelifecycleoftheproductevenafterit,sofnouse.Here

iswhatwemaykeepinmind.

mclalpaper

p∣iιktij?ιn^

Thematerialsofaproductareusuallyourfirstfocus（關(guān)注）.Whatisitmadeof?Arethereanyharmful

chemicalsinit?Greenproductsaremadeofmorenaturalmaterialswhicharefreefromharmfulchemicals,sothey

canbegoodforourphysicalhealth.

Packagingisimportant.Howisaproductpackaged?Isitoverpackaged?We,dbetterchooseglass,metaland

paperpackaging,asthesecanbereusedormoreeasilyrecycled（回收利用）.Wecanalsolookforlesspackaging

orevenchooseunbaggedproductswheneverpossible.

Location（地點(diǎn)）matters.Wherewasaproductproduced?Wherearewebuyingit?Thinkabouthowmuch

energywasusedtogetittoustrytochooselocalproducts.Whenitcomestofood,itisagoodideatoorder

directlyfromlocalfarmer,shopatmarketsandbuyfruitsinseason.Buyingfromstoresnearourhousesisalsoa

goodchoice,becausewecangotherewithoutdrivingacar.

Lookintowhatthecompanytellsusabouttheirproduct.It,seasytosaythataproductis“green“orttall

natural“butthewordsmaybetoogoodtobetrue.So,muchoftheinformationaboutaproductshouldbetaken

WithagrainOfsalt.Afterall,companiestrytomakeusbelievethattheirproductsareenvironmentallyresponsible.

Thegreenestthingiscertainlytheonewedon,tbuy.Thingslikefoodandclothingarenecessaryforlife.But

manyothersarenot.Betterthanbuyingischoosingtoleaveanunnecessaryproductinthestoreanddoingwithout.

Itsendsamessagetotheproducer,keepsmoneyinourpockets,reduces（減少）wasteandkeepstheplanethealthy.

27.Thewriterwouldsuggestchoosingaproductthatis.

A.overpackagedB.deliveredfromabroad

C.locallyproducedD.madeofunnaturalmaterials

28.Thewords“betakenwithagrainofinsalf,Paragraph5probablymean",,.

A.beeasilyunderstoodB.notbecompletelybelieved

C.bewidelyspreadD.notbequicklyforgotten

29.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.BuyingGreenB.RecyclingWaste

C.KeepingHealthyD.ReducingEnergyUse

【答案】27.C28.B29.A

【解析】本文是一篇說明文.文章通過解釋“Green”這個(gè)詞，呼吁大家保護(hù)環(huán)境.

27.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Thinkabouthowmuchenergywasusedtogetittoustrytochooselocalproducts.Whenit

comestofood,itisagoodideatoorderdirectlyfromlocalfarmer,...”可知，作者建議選擇當(dāng)?shù)厣a(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品，故

選C

28.詞句猜測題。分析“So,muchoftheinformationaboutaproductshouldbetakenwithagrainofsalt.Afterall,

companiestrytomakeUSbelievethattheirproductsareenvironmentallyresponsible.”可知，公司試圖讓我們相信

他們的產(chǎn)品對環(huán)境負(fù)責(zé)，但是我們應(yīng)該秉持一個(gè)懷疑的態(tài)度，此處“betakenwithagrainOfSah”的意思是“不

被完全相信”，故選B。

29.最佳標(biāo)題題，本文作者通過解釋“Green”這個(gè)詞，呼吁大家保護(hù)環(huán)境。選項(xiàng)A“BuyingGreeIr符合主題，

故選A0

（2022年北京市中考英語真題）

D

APathway（路徑）toMeaninginLife

Whenitcomestoameaningfullife,wemightthinkoflove,happinessandhealth.Alifefilledwithmeaningis

whatmostofuswantforourselves.Then,whatmakesameaningfullife?

Manyresearchersagreethatameaningfullifecomesdowntothreefactors（因素）：havinglong-termgoals,

believingthatone,slifematters,andfeelingthatone,slifefitstogetherand??makessense,,?

Butwebelievethereismoretoconsider.Sometimeslifeenablesustoexperiencesmallmomentsofbeauty.

Whenpeopleareopentoappreciating（欣賞）suchexperiences,thesemomentsmayimprovehowtheyseetheir

ownlife.Wecallthisexperientialappreciation（EA）.EAisaboutthepersonfeelingconnectedtoeventsandbeing

abletoappreciatethevaluewithintheconnection.Itshowsthediscoveryofandadmirationforlife,sbeauty.

WerecentlysetouttobetterunderstandEAinstudies.WewereinterestedinwhetherEAwasalsotiedto

generaljudgmentofmeaninginlife.Ifso,itcouldbeafactorformeaningfulness.

Inthefirststudy,wehadpeoplerate（評估）theirsupportfordifferentmethodsofreducingstress.Wefound

thatpeoplewhomanagedstressbyfocusingontheirappreciationforlife,sbeautyalsoreportedexperiencinglifeas

highlymeaningful.

Inthenextstudy,weaskedpeopletoratethedegreetowhichtheyagreedwithvariousstatements,suchas'T

appreciatethebeautyOfIif?''and"Iappreciatelittlethingsinlif?,"aswellasotherstatementsthatrelatedtothe

threefactorsandageneralsenseofmeaninginlife.Ourresultsshowedthatthemorepeoplereportedthatthey

were"appreciatingliffe''anditsmanyexperiences,themoretheyfelttheirlifewasvaluable.

Inthefollowingstudies,WefurtherlookedattheconnectionbetweenEAandmeaningfulness.Forexample,

Wefoundthatpeoplewhowereaskedtolookbackonthemostmeaningfuleventofthepastweekgenerally

reportedhighEAinthosemoments.

Alltheresultsprovedourtheory（彳段設(shè)）true.Butputtingitintopracticecanbedifficult.Ourfast-paced

lifestylesfillthedaywithgoals.Wetrytogetthehighestoutputbothatworkandinsparetime.Thisfocuson

futureoutcomesmakesitalltooeasytomisswhatishappeningrightnow.Weshouldslowdownandletlife

surpriseus.

30.YouweremostprobablyintheEAconditionwhen.

A.youmadeatravelplanforthecomingholiday

B.youhurriedtoservethecustomersinthestore

C.youpracticedhardtobecomethebestviolinist

D.youstoppedtoadmiretherosesbytheroadside

31.WhatcanweIeamfromthestudiesmentionedinthepassage?

A.Thinkingbacktothepastweakensoursenseofmeaning.

B.Enjoyingsmallthingscaninfluenceourattitudetowardlife.

C.Properstressmanagementisthekeytolivingasatisfyinglife.

D.Goodjudgmentonbeautyimprovesconnectionsamongpeople.

32.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellus?

A.Itiseasierforresults-drivenpeopletoachievesuccess.

B.Weoftenturnablindeyetothepresentmoment.

C.Afast-pacedlifestylehelpsusreachourgoals.

D.Futurelifewillbringusmanymoresurprises.

33.Whatisthewriter9smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?

A.Toexplainhowtodiscoverbeautyinlife.

B.Todiscusswhatthetruemeaningoflifeis.

C.Tointroduceanewfactorforameaningfullife.

D.Tocomparedifferentfactorsformeaningfulness.

【答案】30.D31.B32.D33.B

【解析】本文是一篇議論文，討論是什么讓生活變得有意義.

3().推理判斷題。根據(jù)"Whenpeopleareopentoappreciating(欣賞)suchexperiences,thesemomentsmay

improvehowtheyseetheirownlife.Wecallthisexperientialappreciation(EA).”可知,當(dāng)人們樂于欣賞這樣的經(jīng)

歷時(shí)，這些時(shí)刻可能會改善他們對自己生活的看法，我們稱之為體驗(yàn)欣賞。選項(xiàng)D“你停下來欣賞路邊的玫

瑰”符合，故選D。

31.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Sometimeslifeenablesustoexperiencesmallmomentsofbeauty.Whenpeopleareopento

appreciating(欣賞)suchexperiences,thesemomentsmayimprovehowtheyseetheirownIiffeT可知，生活讓我們

體驗(yàn)到美麗的小瞬間，當(dāng)人們樂于欣賞這樣的經(jīng)歷時(shí)，這些時(shí)刻可能會改善他們對自己生活的看法.故選B.

32.段落大意題.根據(jù)“Weshouldslowdownandletlifesurpriseus."可知，我們應(yīng)該慢下來，讓生活給我們

驚喜。所以最后一段告訴我們未來的生活將給我們帶來更多的驚喜，故選D.

33.主旨大意題.本文主要討論是什么讓生活變得有意義，故選B.

2021年北京中考真題

三、閱讀單選

A

YoungHeroesforthePlanet

Nowadays,peoplearoundtheworldareworkingtohelpourplanet.Checkouthowthefouryoungadults

madeadifference.

SavingPandas

WhenJackwas11,hestartedagrouptoteachkidsaboutpandas.Healsosoldtoypandastoraisemoneyto

protectpandasindanger.ttIhopetoencouragemorepeopletocareaboutPandaSjJacksays.

GrowingRight

Kathy,14,setupanorganizationtoeducatepeopleaboutgrowingrightplantinrightplaces.Shealsowrotea

booktohelppeoplelearnwhatplantsarenativeto(本土的)theirarea.

CreatingEnergy

Attheageof12,LindainventedamachinecalledSuperE.Itcollectsheatfromfieldstomakeelectricity(?),

Lindasaysherinventioncreateselectricityinawaythatislessharmfultotheenvironment.

蟹

CleaningUp

Patrick,13,joinedtheOceanHeroesCamplastyear.Hestartedaprojectandpickedupplasticwastearound

nearbylakeswithhisfriends.Thegoaloftheprojectwastofightplasticpollution.

21.Whostartedagrouptoteachkidsaboutpandas?

A.Jack.B.Kathy.C.Linda.D.Patrick.

22.HowoldwasLindawhensheinventedSuperE?

A.11.B.12.C.13.D.14.

23.WhatwasthegoalofPatrick'sproject?

A.Tofightplasticpollution.B.Toprotectpandasindanger

C.ToIeamaboutnativeplants.D.Touseheattomakeelectricity.

【答案】

21.A22.B23.A

【分析】現(xiàn)在世界上的人們都在努力保護(hù)我們的星球，本文介紹了四位正在改變世界的人。

21.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“WhenJackwas11,hestartedagrouptoteachkidsaboutPandaS.”可知，JaCk創(chuàng)辦了一

個(gè)組織去教孩子們關(guān)于熊貓的知識。故選A。

22.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Attheageof12,LindainventedamachinecalledSUPerE.“可知，Linda發(fā)明SuperE的

時(shí)候12歲。故選B。

23.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“ThegoaloftheprojectwastofightplasticPolkuiOn.”可知，Patrick項(xiàng)目目標(biāo)是對抗塑

料垃圾。故選A。

B

WhenIwasintheeighthgrade,myclasswasassigned（指派）tobefriendswiththesecond-gradekids.I

gotthislittlegirlnamedShelley.ThefirsttimeIsawher,shewassilentandcold.Shewassmallforherage,and

shedidn,tplaywiththeotherkidsinherclass.

Itriedallkindsofthingstogethertotalktome.Iboughthertoys,crayonsandcandies.ButtryasImight,

nothingworked.Onetime,Igaveheracoloringbookandsaid,??Shelley,nowyoucancoloratany

Shelleylookedatthecoloringbookandthenlookedupatme,andfinallylookedaway.Bythat,Ididn,tknow

howIwasgoingtogetthroughtothelittlegirl,butIknewIwouldn,tgiveuponher.

OneFriday,Idecidedtotellherastoryaboutmychildhood,?toldherthatIfeltlonelywhenIwaswithmy

classmates,andhow1thoughtonlymyteacherslikedme.Ialsotoldherthateverydaywasabattle（戰(zhàn)役）forme

andIfoughtbacktearssopeoplewouldn,tknowhowmuchIwashurting.

Shesattherejustlistening,tryingtodecidewhetherIwaslyingornot.Finally,whenmystoryended,there

weretearsinhereyes.Andthenshedidtheunthinkable.Shesaid,fctThankyou."Fromthenon,Shelleywasa

differentlittlegirl.Shestartedsmilingandtalkingwithotherkids.

Lookingbackatthis,Γminawe（驚嘆）,becauseallIdidwastohelpherrealizethatshewasn,talone.Ididn,t

askhertotellherstory,becauseherstoryismystory.

24.WhatwasShelleylikewhenthewriterfirstsawher?

A.Cold.B.Lazy.C.Noisy.D.Slow.

25.InordertogetthroughtoShelley,thewriter.

A.wroteherabookB.madeheratoyC.drewherapictureD.toldherastory

26.Shelleychangedalotbecausesherealizedthat.

A.herteacherslovedherB.herclassmateswerekind

C.thewriterunderstoodherD.shehadtostudyevenharder

【答案】

24.A25.D26,C

【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述作者幫助一個(gè)不愛講話的女孩SheHey變得更加開朗的故事，作者驚嘆于

Shelley的改變，因?yàn)樽髡哒J(rèn)為自己所做的就是讓Shelley知道自己并不孤單。

24.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thefirsttime?sawher,shewassilentandCold.”可知，作者第一次見到Shelley時(shí)，她

沉默而冷漠。故選A。

25.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Bythat,Ididn,tknowhowIwasgoingtogetthroughtothelittlegirl,but?knewI

wouldn'tgiveuponher."和"OneFriday,IdecidedtotellherastoιyaboutmyChildhood.“可知，為了接近Shelley,

作者給她講了一個(gè)故事。故選D。

26.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Finally,whenmystoryended,thereweretearsinhereyes.,?fctFromthenon,Shelleywas

adifferentlittlegirl.Shestartedsmilingandtalkingwithotherkids."和"Ididn'taskhertotellherstory,because

herstoryismyStory.”可知，Shelley改變了很多是因?yàn)樗庾R到作者理解她。故選Co

C

SchoolGardensCouldHelpChildrenTryMoreVegetables

It'snotalwaysenjoyableforchildrentoeatvegetables.Butwhatifagardenisbuiltintheschool?New

researchsuggeststhatagardeningprograminschoolscanincreasechildren'svegetableintake（攝入量）.

HowtheStudyWasCarriedOut

Thestudywascarriedoutineightschools.Eachschoolwasinthegardeningprogramforoneschoolyear.

Everychildingrades3-5receivedatotalofeighteen60-minutelessonsacrosstheschoolyear.Intheprogram,

eachschoolbuiltagarden,wherechildrenlearnedtogrowtheirownfreshproduce,likefruitandvegetables.

TheBenefitsChildrenCouldGet

Thestudyfoundthatvegetableintakeifthechildrenwhogrewtheirownproduceincreasedgreatlyacrossthe

year.Relatedstudiesshowthatincreasedvegetableintakecanimprovehealthandcuttheriskofchronic

diseases（慢性疾?。?Notonlyaretherebenefitstohealth,increasingthevarietyofvegetableschildrenare

exposed（接觸）tomayalsomakemealtimesmucheasier."Childrenwhoareoftenexposedtoavarietyofvegetables

aremorelikelytotrynewfoods,,,explainsDr.KerryJones.Forchildren,growingtheirownfoodisapowerfultool

toincreasetheirintakeofthefood.

28

Anyopportunitytoexposechildrentomorevegetablesismeaningful.??Ifchildrenarelearningabout

vegetablesatschool,it,simportanttoencouragethisinterest,,,saysJones.Parentscanlistentotheirchildrenabout

whattheyhavelearnedandreadthehandoutstheybringhomefromschool.Parentsandchildrencanalsoread

bookstogether.Youngerchildrencanenjoyreadingstoriesaboutvegetableswithparentswhoofferuseful

messages.Olderchildrenmayenjoysearchingthroughcookbookswithparentstofindnewdinnerideastocook

vegetablesinatastyway.Besides,asmallplanterboxinasunnypartathomecanencouragechildrento

understandmoreaboutwheretheirfoodcomesfrom.

Teachingchildrentogrowtheirownproduceisagreatwaytoincreasetheirpreferencefortheproduce.If

childrenaretaughttoenjoyvegetablesearlyinlife,theywillprobablycontinueeatingvegetablesinthelongteπτι.

27.Whatdidchildrendointhegardeningprogram?

A.Theydidresearchonnewplants.B.Theygrewfreshproduceatschool.

C.TheytookhomegreenvegetablesD.Theybuiltgardensfortheirclasses.

28.WhichofthefollowingwouldbethebestheadingforParagaph4?

A.IdeastoEncourageChildrentoCookatHome

B.WaystoExposeChildrentoVegetablesatHome

C.ReasonsWhyParentsShouldUnderstandChildren

D.SuggestionsWhichChildrenCouldGetfromParents

29.WhatcanweIeamfromtheprogram?

A.Parents9supportmightimprovechildren,sreading.

B.Schoolprogramscoulddevelopstudents9creativity.

C.Doingstudiescanpreparestudentsforfuturelearning.

D.Hands-onexperiencemayinfluencechildren,spreference.

【答案】

27.B28.B29.D

【分析】本文介紹了在學(xué)?；▓@里讓學(xué)生自己種植蔬菜的好處。

27.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Intheprogram,eachschoolbuiltagarden,wherechildrenlearnedtogrowtheirownfresh

ProdUCe,likefruitandvegetables”可知，在該項(xiàng)目中，每一所學(xué)校都建了一個(gè)花園，孩子們在那里學(xué)會種植自

己的新鮮農(nóng)產(chǎn)品，故選B。

28.句意猜測題。根據(jù)“Anyopportunitytoexposechildrentomorevegetablesismeaningful”及整段的內(nèi)容可知，

本段主要介紹了從不同方面鼓勵孩子們多吃蔬菜的方法，故選B。

29.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Teachingchildrentogrowtheirownproduceisagreatwaytoincreasetheirpreferencefor

theProdUCe”可知，教孩子們自己種植農(nóng)產(chǎn)品是增加他們對農(nóng)產(chǎn)品偏好的一個(gè)很好的方法，所以實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)可

能會影響孩子的偏好，故選D。

D

Natureandcultureareoftenseenasoppositeideas.Whatbelongstonaturecannotbetheresultofhuman

activitiesandontheotherhand,culturaldevelopmentisachievedagainstnature.However,thisisnottheonly

opinionontherelationshipbetweennatureandculture.Studiesinthedevelopmentofhumanssuggestthatculture,

whethertakenasaneffortagainstnatureoranaturaleffort,ispartofthedevelopmentofthehumanSPeCieS（物種）.

SeveralmodemwriterssawtheprocessofeducationasaStrUggle（斗爭）againsthumannature.Wearebom

withwildnatures,suchaseatingandbehavinginadisorganizedwayoractingselfishly.Educationusescultureasa

waytogetusoutofourwidestnatures;itisthankstoculturethatthehumanspeciescouldlearntoadapt（適應(yīng)）,

progressandraiseitselfaboveandbeyondotherspecies.

Overthepastcenturyandahalf,however,studiesinthehistoryofhumandevelopmenthaveshownthatthe

formationofcultureispartofthebiologicaladaptation.Consider,forexample,hunting（打獵）.Itseemstobean

adaptation,whichallowedhumanstomoveintonewanddifferentareas,openinguptheopportunitytochange

livinghabits.Atthesametime,thedevelopmentofWeaPOnS（武器）isrelatedtothatadaptation-fromrocksand

stonestoasetofhuntingtools,andfromhuntingtoolstorulesrelatingtotheproperuseofweapons.Huntingalso

seemstoberesponsibleforawholesetofbodilyabilities,suchasbalancingononefoot.Justthinkofhowthis

verysimplethingiscloselyrelatedtodance,akeyexpressionofhumanculture.Itisthenclearthatbiological

developmentandculturaldevelopmentarecloselytied.

Thetransmissionofcultureseemstobedirectlyrelatedtowhat,sinourblood.Justassnailscarrytheir

shells,sodowebringalongourculture.However,cultureisalsopassedonamongpeopleofthesametimeor

amongpeoplebelongingtodifferentpopulations.WecanIeamhowtomakejiaozievenifwewerebomfrom

RussianparentsinParisjustaswecanIeamhowtospeakEnglishevenifnoneofourfamilyorfriendsspeakthat

language.

30.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?

A.Culturebelongstohumannature.

B.Natureteacheshumanshowtoadapt.

C.Humansaresupposedtobewellorganized.

D.Educationpushesthehumanspeciestoprogress.

31.WhydoesthewritertalkabouthuntinginParagraph3?

A.Tosuggestsomepossiblewaysofchanginglivinghabits.

B.Tostresstheimportanceoftoolsinhumans,struggleforlife.

C.Toshowhowculturedevelopsashumansadapttotheenvironment.

D.Toexplainwhythereisaneedtocallfortheproperuseofweapons.

32.Theword“transmission“inParagraph4probablymeans"''.

A.systemB.spreadC.startD.spirit

33.Whatisthewriter,sopiniononthenature-culturerelationship?

A.Cultureandnatureareseparateyetbalanced.

B.Culturedependsmuchonnaturetoprogress.

C.Natureandculturearedifferentbutconnected.

D.Naturefollowstheunwrittenrulessetbyculture.

【答案】

30.D31.C32.B33.C

【分析】本文是一篇議論文，自然和文化常常被視為對立的觀點(diǎn)，但是人類發(fā)展的研究表明，文化，無論

是作為一種反對自然的努力還是自然的努力，都是人類物種發(fā)展的一部分.生物的發(fā)展和文化的發(fā)展是緊

密相連的，文化的傳播似乎與我們血液中的東西直接相關(guān)。

30.段落大意題.根據(jù)"SeveralmodernwriterssawtheprocessofeducationasaStrUggle（斗爭）againsthuman

nature."和"Educationusescultureasawaytogetusoutofourwidestnatures”可知，人們把教育的過程看作是一

場與人性的斗爭，教育把文化作為一種方式，讓我們擺脫最廣泛的天性.所以本段想說明教育推動人類進(jìn)

步.故選D.

31.推理判斷題.根據(jù)"Consider,forexample,hunting（打獵）.Itseemstobeanadaptation,whichallowedhumans

tomoveintonewanddifferentareas,openinguptheopportunitytochangelivinghabits.“可知，打獵似乎是——種

適應(yīng)，使人類能夠進(jìn)入新的和不同的地區(qū)，打開改變生活習(xí)慣的機(jī)會.文章提到打獵是為了展示文化是如

何隨著人類適應(yīng)環(huán)境而發(fā)展的.故選C.

32.詞義猜測題。分析“Thetransmissionofcultureseemstobedirectlyrelatedtowhat,sinourblood.Justassnails

carrytheirshells,sodowebringalongourCUItUre.”可知，文化的傳播似乎與我們血液中的東西直接相關(guān).就像

蝸牛帶著它們的殼一樣，我們也帶著我們的文化.所以此處transmission的意思是“傳播”，故選B.

33.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)“Studiesinthedevelopmentofhumanssuggestthatculture,whethertakenasaneffort

againstnatureoranaturaleffort,ispartofthedevelopmentofthehumanSPeCieS（物種）.”可知，作者認(rèn)為文化，無

論是作為一種反對自然的努力還是自然的努力，都是人類物種發(fā)展的一部分，作者認(rèn)為自然和文化之間是

對立且密切聯(lián)系的.故選C.

2020年北京中考真題

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