網(wǎng)絡(luò)報刊選讀Why the Monarchy Must Stay

WhytheMonarchyMustStayItkeepspoliticiansfromholdingallthepowerWHAT

IS

A

MONARCHY?Monarch:arulerofastate,suchasakingorqueen,whohasarighttorulebybirth,anddoesnothavetobeelected.Monarchy:thesystembywhichastateisruledbyakingorqueen.TheHistoryoftheBritishMonarchyTheAnglo-Saxon盎格魯-薩克森時代10661154TheNorman諾曼王朝MagnaCarta

《大憲章》1215.06ThePlantagenet金雀花王朝

1485TheTudor都鐸王朝TheStuart斯圖亞特王朝BillofRights《權(quán)利法案》ItrepresentstheendoftheabsolutemonarchyandthebeginningoftheConstitutionalmonarchy1603168917141917TheHanover漢諾威王朝TheWindsor溫莎王朝TheNorman

諾曼王朝

WilliamI…

…HenryIThePlantagenet金雀花王朝

HenryIIRichardIJohnEdwardIRichardIII……

………

…

…RichardtheLion-hearted

獅心理查RichardI’sreign:1189-1199EffortsontheThirdCrusade(Ivanhoe)PersonalvalorintheHolyLandTheCrusades(11th-13thcentury)TheCrusadeswereaseriesofwarsbyWesternEuropeanChristianstorecapturetheHolyLandfromtheMuslims.TheCrusadeswerefirstundertakenin1096andendedinthelate13thcentury.ThetermCrusadewasoriginallyappliedsolelytoEuropeaneffortstoretakefromtheMuslimsthecityofJerusalem,whichwassacredtoChristiansasthesiteofthecrucifixionofJesusChrist.ItwaslaterusedtodesignateanymilitaryeffortbyEuropeansagainstnon-Christians.KingJohnandtheMagnaCartaKingJohn’sreign:1199-1216ForcedtosigntheMagnaCartalimitedkinglypowerinEnglandanearlystepintheevolutionoflimitedgovernmentTheTudor

都鐸王朝HenryVIIHenryVIIIMaryIElizabethI……HenryVIIHenryVIII(reign1509-1547)EdwardVIMaryI(jointauthoritywithPhilipofSpain)ElizabethI(reign1558-1603)ChurchofEnglandElizabethanAgeDefeatedtheArmadaReligiousreconciliationRenaissance(Shakespeare,Marlowe)Geographicalexplorations(FrancisDrake)Virginallherlife(StateofVirginia)Hermotto:videoettaceoIsee,andsaynothingTheStuart斯圖亞特王朝JamesI

CharlesICromwellCharlesIIJamesIIWilliamIIIandMaryII。。TheHanover(GloriousRevolution)(BillofRights)TheHanover

漢諾威王朝GeorgeII,III,IVQueenVictoria

EdwardVIITheWindsorGeorgeITheWindsor

溫莎王朝GeorgeVEdwardVIIIGeorgeVIElizabethIIPrinceCharles？BuckinghamPalace(officialLondonresidenceoftheBritishmonarch)InsideBuckinghamRoleofMonarchycontinuityofBritishhistoryfigureheadofthestate(掛名首腦)hereditarypositionsincethe9thcenturyParliamentalteredsuccessionattimes

HouseofHanoverin1701replacestheStuartprimogeniture(長子繼承法)ruleofsuccessionElizabethII-eldestdaughter1952(GeorgeVI)Charles,PrinceofWales,currentheirtothethroneOnlyProtestantsasmonarch(ActofSettlement王位繼承法/嗣位法

1701)summonsanddismissesParliamentandtheministersoftheCabinet(formally)headofthejudiciarycommanderinchiefofthearmedforcesSupremeGovernoroftheChurchofEnglandandtheChurchofScotlandgovernmentcarriesoutthedutiesassociatedwiththesefunctionsmonarchappointsalljudgesmilitaryofficersdiplomatsarchbishopsandotherchurchofficersmonarchbestowshonors:knighthoods,peeragesawardstheaboveappointmentsmadeupontheadviceoftheprimeministerInthenameofthecrownprimeministerdeclareswarandpeaceconcludestreatieswithforeignstatesceremonialhead(ofstate)oftheCommonwealthofNationsfor16CommonwealthcountriesRealworksigningofpaperstobeconsultedreviewofimportantdocumentsmeetingthePrivyCouncil樞密院PotentiallyabolisheddemocracydecisionofamajorityofthepopulationremainedpopularTheroyalfamilyendorsesdevelopments(ceremonialfunctions)cuttingribbonsopeningbusinesseslaunchingshipslayingcornerstones,etc.involvedincharityworkmaintainapublicpresencebyvisitingsheltershospitalsclinicsetc.tourismItseemsthattheQueenhasunlimitedpowers.

BUTit’sonlytheoreticallytrue!TheQueenreigns,butshedoesn’trule.ThePresentMonarchofBritainQueenElizabethIIcametothethroneonFeb.6,1952whenshewasonly26yearsold.ThefulltitleofthepresentQueenis:

“ElizabeththesecondbythegraceofGodtheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritain&NorthernIreland&ofHerOtherRealms&TerritoriesQueen,HeadoftheCommonwealth,DefenderofFaith.”

托上帝洪恩，大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯(lián)合王國以及其他領(lǐng)土和屬地的女王、英聯(lián)邦之首、基督教的保護(hù)者伊麗莎白二世Sheisgiftedinlaw,language,history&music.(German,French,Spanish)TheRoyalStandard

(王旗)

PersonalFlagofQueenElizabethII

RoyalTitlesHerMajesty/HM女王陛下(YourMajesty陛下)PrinceofWales--Theeldestsonofthereigningmonarch&theheirtothethrone.(PrinceCharles)PrincessofWales--ThewifeofPrinceofWales.(Diana&Camilla)PrincessRoyal--Theeldestdaughterofthereigningmonarch.(PrincessAnne)DukeofEdinburgh--TheQueen’shusband.(PrincePhilip)Themonarch’sspouseisusuallychosenfromanoblefamilywiththeconsentoftheParliament.Otherwise,themonarchgivesuphisorherposition,asKingEdwardVIIIdidin1936.

DiamondAnniversaryin2007Frontrow:QueenElizabethII,DukeofEdinburgh(right),PrinceofWales(left)Secondrow:PrinceAndrew,PrincessAnne,PrinceEdward(fromlefttoright)

DiamondAnniversaryin2007

TheQueenHasTwoBirthdaysoneisherrealbirthdaywhichshecelebrateswithherfamilyTheotherisherofficialbirthday，June14——troopingthecolor皇家騎兵衛(wèi)隊閱兵式AnexcerptfromTimes《泰晤士報》Britain’sQueenElizabethIItravelsinanopencarriagetoBuckinghamPalaceduringtheTroopingtheColourceremonyinLondonJune12,2004.Britainputononeofitsgrandestannualshowsofroyalpageantry(盛典)onSaturdaytoofficiallymarkQueenElizabethII’sbirthday.Morethan1,000soldiersinceremonial(典禮)marched&salutedthemonarchintheTroopingtheColourceremonyattheHorseGuardsParade

Ground(騎兵檢閱廣場)nearBuckinghamPalace.ParliamentHouseofLords：公爵，侯爵，子爵，伯爵，男爵DukeMarquisViscountEarlBaron夫人：-ess

女兒：Lady兒子：Mr.HouseofCommonsGovernmentofUnitedKingdomFormofgovernmentConstitutionalmonarchyHeadofstateMonarchHeadofgovernmentPrimeministerLegislatureBicamerallegislature:HouseofCommons,646membersHouseofLords,733members(616lifepeers,92hereditarymembersand25archbishops)VotingqualificationsUniversalatage18ConstitutionUnwritten;partlystatutes,partlycommonlawandpracticeHighestcourtSupremeCourt,HighCourtofJudiciary(Scottishcriminalcasesonly)Questionsaboutthetext1.WhatwasMr.Churchill’sviewonBritain’ssystemofgovernment?Doyouagreewithhim?Hethoughtitwasthebestthatmanhadyetdevisedthoughitwasimperfect.whypeopledonotdiscardthemonarchy?Themonarchreigns,butdoesn’trule,whichhelptoreachpoliticalbalance.Themonarchisthesymbolofanation.Theroyalfamilyareexpectedtobemoralparagons.ThemonarchyremindspeopleofthegreatnessandpowertheBritainEmpireenjoyedthousandofyears.Theroyalfamilykeepspacewiththetimes.

EveryTuesdayafternoonthequeenandtheprimeministerhaveameetingtobebriefedThefilmdepictsafictionalaccountoftheimmediateeventsfollowingthedeathofDiana,PrincessofWaleson31August1997.ThemainplotfocusesonthedifferingviewsinhowtodealwiththedeathofDiana.KingGeorgeVIwho,tocopewithastammer,seesLionelLogue,anAustralianspeechtherapist.Themenbecomefriendsastheyworktogether,andafterhisbrotherabdicatesthethrone,thenewKingreliesonLoguetohelphimmakehisfirstwartimeradiobroadcastonBritain'sdeclarationofwaronGermanyin1939.戴安娜王妃是王室從事公益活動的典范。DianaSpencerisenthusiasticaboutthesociallyusefulactivity

王室成員“與時俱進(jìn)”，親民而又開放。而威廉王子吸引全球媒體的大婚典禮，是一個與民同樂，將家族喜事化身國家節(jié)日的又一契機(jī)。Questionsaboutthetext2.WhatroledoesQueenElizabethIIplay?CansheplayabetterrolethananAmericanpresidentinasense?Explain.a.she,asheadofstate,carriesoutceremonialduties,andtakesthepoliticalaccountabilitywhileremainingabovepoliticsandtakingnosidesinanypoliticaldebate.b.Intheauthor’sview,shecan.AnAmericanpresidentisalsotheleaderofapoliticalparty,sohecan’tremainabovepolitics.Questionsaboutthetext3.WhatpowerdoesQueenElizabethIIhave/doesHerMajestyhavetherealpowertochooseaprimeminister?Whyorwhynot?a.shecanchooseaprimeminister,dissolveParliamentanddeclarewar.b.No.sheisafigureheadboundbythetradition,constitutionandlawsofthenation.ShedoesitontheadviceofParliament.Questionsaboutthetext4.Ifthemonarchywereabolished,whatwouldthingsinBritainbelike?Thegovernment,Parliament,nation,andCommonwealthwouldbeturnedupsidedown.EverynutandboltofeveryoneofBritain’smajorinstitutionswouldhavetobealteredtomakewayforchange.Questionsaboutthetext5.Doyouknowanyscandalsaboutsomemembersoftheroyalfamily?Bespecific.ThereareacoupleofscandalsinvolvingtheQueen’ssisterandchildren.ApartfromCamillagate卡米拉門andSquidgygate魷魚門事件,itwasreportedthatPrincessMichaelofKenthadanaffairwithoiltycoonJohnWardHunt,arelativeofthefabulouslywealthyBunkerHuntofHouston,U.S.A.Questionsaboutthetext6.Whymustthemonarchystay?Canitkeepapoliticianfromholdingallthepowers?Doyouthinkthemonarchymustgo?Statethereasons.a.Intheauthor’sview,ithasservedboththeBritishEmpireandtheCommonwealthwithgreatdistinction.Besides,itislegitimateandaccordswithtraditions.b.Yes,itcan,butitisnotthemonarchybuttheparliamentarydemocracythatcankeepapoliticianfromholdingallthepowersandbecomingadictator.c.Itdepends.ItistheBritishpeoplethatcandecideitsfuture.LanguagePoints1.ThisapoliticalstancehasmadeitpossibleforthepoliticalcultureofGreatBritaintoassimilate,withrelativeease,theoriesthatwouldappearonthefaceofthingstoberadicallyatoddswithasystemofmonarchicalgovernmentforexample,socialism.(para.4)Apolitical:Havingnointerestin/associationwithpolitics.Onthefaceof:judgingbywhatonecansee.atoddswith:indisagreementwith這種漠不關(guān)心政治的態(tài)度使得英國的政治文化能夠相對輕松地融合其它理論，盡管這些理論表面看來與君主制的政府有著激烈的沖突——例如社會主義。LanguagePoints2.Anyreplacementwouldberuinouslycostly,bothinfinancialtermsandalsointermsofthelossofaunifyingnationalsymbolandavitalhistoricallink.(para.5)Isittrue?TheFrenchRevolution(1789–1799),wasaperiodofradicalsocialandpoliticalupheavalinFrancethathadamajorimpactonFranceandindeedallofEurope.TheabsolutemonarchythathadruledFranceforcenturiescollapsedinthreeyears.Franceprovesthatthereplacementfromabsolutemonarchytorepublicanismisasuccess.Thereisnolossofnationalcohesionandrespectforthepast.無論是財政方面還是在失去統(tǒng)一的民族特征及至關(guān)重要的歷史環(huán)節(jié)方面來說，任何一種替代都將損失巨大.intermsof:從某一方面來說

LanguagePoints3.annus

horribilisThisphrasewasquotedfromQueenElizabethII’sspeechtotheGuildhallon24November1992,markingthe40thanniversaryofherAccession,inwhichshedescribedtheclosingoftheyearasan“annus

horribilis”.Annus

horribilisisaLatinphrasemeaning“horribleyear”,oralternatively,“yearofhorrors”.Italludestoannusmirabilismeaning“yearofwonders”.ListedherearesomeofthehorribleeventstowhichtheBritishqueenalluded.InMarch1992,itwasannouncedthathersecondson,TheDukeofYork,wouldseparatefromhiswifeSarah.Laterintheyear,scandalouspicturesofatoplessSarahbeingkissedonherfeetbyherfriend,JohnBryan,werepublishedinthetabloids.InApril,herdaughter,ThePrincessRoyal,divorcedherhusbandCaptainMarkPhillips.InJune,ThePrincessofWales’tell-allbook,Diana,HerTrueStory,

waspublished.

InNovember,justfourdaysbeforetheGuildhallspeech,oneofTheQueen'shomes,

WindsorCastle,caughtfire.Thecastlewasseriouslydamaged,andseveralpricelessartefactswerelost.InDecember,theRoyalFamilyfacedfurtherdifficultieswhentheseparationofThePrinceofWalesandhiswifeDiana,PrincessofWaleswasannounced.LanguagePoints4.Thepublicactionsandstatementsofothermembersoftheroyalfamilyhoweverlaudable(honorable)ordistressing(annoying)theymaybehavenoeffectsonthemonarch’spowerorstatus.(para.3)Why?皇室其它成員在公共場合的行為及演說——無論是值得稱贊的還是令人煩惱的——都對君主的權(quán)力或地位沒有任何影響

LanguagePoints5.…initscallforawiderdebateonthisissuestilladvocatedtheretentionofQueenElizabethasheadofstateuntilherdeath.theretentionofsth:thekeepingofsthE.g.Thecitizens’ForumsupportedspecialpowersforQuebecbutalsoarguedfortheretentionofastrongcentralgovernment.呼吁在君主制去留問題上做廣泛的討論時仍然提倡保留伊麗莎白女王作為國家元首直至她辭世

JournalisticLanguageWestminster威斯敏斯特（倫敦西部一個住宅區(qū)）英國議會，英國政府Whitehall

白廳（倫敦的一條街道）

英國政府及其政策City倫敦城

英國金融界，英國商業(yè)界DowningStreet

唐寧街（倫敦一街道）英國政府，英國內(nèi)閣FleetStreet

艦隊街（倫敦一街道）

英國新聞界，英國報業(yè)BuckinghamPalace白金漢宮（英國)英國王宮

MonarchiccountriesAsia:Kuwait,Jordan,Oman,Qatar,Bahrain,SaudiArabia,Cambodia,Bhutan,Japan,Thailand,Brunei;Europe:GreatBritain,Luxemburg,Norway,Sweden,Spain,Denmark,Holland,Belgium,Monaco,Liechtenstein;Africa:Morocco,Lesotho,Swaziland;Oceania:Tonga/ziliao/2006-09/19/content_5108547.htmFinalexamPartIJournaleseandInternetVocabulary(10%,onepointforeachitem)Directions:ChoosethebestanswerwhichcansubstitutetheunderlinedwordineachheadlineorsentencefromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.MarkyouranswerbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetI.

HutoattendSCO,BRICsummitsinRussiainmid-June.

A.Britain,IrelandandCanadaB.Britain,Russia,IndiaandChina

C.Brazil,Russia,IndiaandChinaD.Brazil,Russia,IndiaandCanada

BombersstrikeluxuryhotelinPakistan

A.protestB.accidentC.attackD.explodeFinalexamPartIIReadingCompre