（江蘇專用）新高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 課時提能練38 牛津譯林-牛津高三英語試題

課時提能練(三十八)Unit4Publictransport課時作業(yè)A：基礎(chǔ)層面Ⅰ.語境語法填空APeopleusedto1.be_conveyed(convey)fromoneplacetoanotherbybusesandtrains.However，nowadaysmoreandmorefamilieshavetheirowncars，which2.speeds(speed)upthedevelopmentofournationaleconomyandmeanwhileresultsinmoretrafficjams.What'sworse，somedriversviolatetrafficrules，suchasdrunkanddrivingandspeakingontheirphoneswhile3.driving(drive)，whichleadstomoreaccidentsandmoredeaths4.arising(arise)fromtheaccidents.Onlywhenpeoplehaveput5.throughthepaincantheyrealizethatitisuptothemall6.to_ensure(ensure)thatroadsaresmooth.Atthesametime，moreandmorepeoplebegintotakebusestogoout，whichcanpickupanddropoffpeopleatdifferentstopsintheroute.BTheLondonUndergroundhasthedistinctionofbeingthe1.oldest(old)andmostcomplexundergroundsystemintheworld.2.Beforetheinitialtunnelswereopenedin1863，thetrafficjamsofLondonwere3.unbelievable(believable)．Twenty-oneyearslater，in1884，theMetropolitanRailwayCompanyandtheMetropolitanDistrictRailwaylinkedupandprovidedunderground4.service(serve)inthemiddleofthecity.Withbetterwaysfordiggingtunnels5.developed(develop)，thefirstrailwaytunnelundertheRiverThameswasdugin1884.TheCityandSouthLondonRailwayopenedthefirstelectricundergroundrailwayin1890.Andsixindependentdeepundergroundlineswereconstructed6.overthenexttwenty-fiveyears.ThenawealthyAmericanbusinessman，CharlesYerkesobtainedownershipofthemanydifferentlinesandsetuptheUndergroundElectricRailwaysCompanyofLondon.Between1918and1938，manynew7.stations(station)wereconstructed.DuringWorldWarⅡ，theundergroundsystemhadsomeunusualuses.After8.thewar，thesystemwasenlargedandmorelines9.were_added(add)becausemorepeopletravelledontheunderground.TheLondonundergroundsystem10.is_working(work)totransporthugenumbersofpeopleasithasdoneformanyyears.Buyoneofthetravelcardsandyoucantravelallovertheundergroundsystem.Ⅱ.根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全句子1．你來決定咱們是到外面吃飯還是待在家里。(beupto)It's_up_to_you_to_decidewhethertoeatoutorstayin.2．既然你想知道他在哪里，為什么不給他打電話呢？(whynot)Sinceyouwanttoknowwhereheis，why_not_phone_him?3．沿途全是大樹，如果天熱我們可以乘涼。(倒裝句)Alongtheroadare_tall_treesso，wecanenjoythecoolifitishot.4．他試圖說明情況是多么緊急。(convey)Hetriedtoconvey_how_urgent_the_situation_was.課時作業(yè)B：能力層面Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2019·新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)第二次適應(yīng)性檢測)Technologyisforeverchangingthewaywegetournews.Mostpeoplenowgetalotoftheirnewsonelectronicdevices，insteadoftraditionalmedia，suchasnewspapers，televisionorradio.Anincreasingnumberofpeoplealsoreportturningtosocialmediaforinformation.Now，thereisanewtechnologythatcouldgreatlychangethewaywegetthenews:computer-creatednewsreaders.Chinahaslaunchedwhatitcalledtheworld'sfirstartificialintelligence，orAInewspresenters.Thenewsreaders，supportedbymachinelearningtechnology，arebasedontworeal-lifeChinesenewsmen.OneisabletopresentnewsbroadcastinEnglish;theother，inMandarinChinese.Areportsaidmachinelearningwasusedtoexaminevideoimagesandsoundsofthetwonewsmen.Similartechnologyhasbeenusedtocreatevideoproductsknownas“deepfakevideos”．Adeepfakevideoisavideothatlooksreal，butwaselectronicallychanged.Suchvideoscanmakepeopleappeartosaythingstheyneversaid.It'ssaidthattheAIpresenterswillbeagreatimprovementtothenewsteambecausethey“canwork24hoursaday”onitswebsiteandonsocialmedia.Oneofthepresentersevenpromisedto“worktirelessly”tokeeppeopleinformed.SomemachinelearningexpertssaidthesystemshowedoffChina'slatestprogressinvoicerecognition，text-to-speechtechnologyanddataanalysis.Otherswonderedabouttheeffectsrobotsmighthaveonemploymentandworkers.Somepeoplearguedthatonlylow-leveljobsrequiringheavylaborwillbeeasilyreplacedbyrobots.Otherspraisedthetechnologyasawayforcompaniestomakemoneyfromlow-costlabormachines.Anyway，foritsgreatpotential，somebusinesseshaveexperimentedwithsimilartechnologyforpossibleuseinnewsoperations.【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了人工智能新聞主播的相關(guān)情況。1．Peoplenowgetinformationmainlyfrom________.A．electronicdevicesB．traditionalmediaC．socialmediaD．AInewspresentersA[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句中的“Mostpeoplenowgetalotoftheirnewsonelectronicdevices”可知，人們現(xiàn)在主要從電子設(shè)備上獲得信息。]2．Theauthormentioned“deepfake”inParagraph3because________.A．itwasalsoartificialB．itwasalsodevelopedbyChinaC．italsousedmachinelearningtechnologyD．italsogainedpopularityandrecognitionC[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第三、四句“Areportsaidmachinelearningwasused...knownas‘deepfakevideos’”可推知，作者提到deepfake是因為它也用了機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)技術(shù)。]3．WhatcanweknowaboutAInewspresenters?A．AInewspresenterscanonly“speak”onelanguage.B．NotallthepeopleareinfavorofAInewspresenters.C．AInewspresenterswillsoonreplacehumannewsreaders.D．AInewspresenterscanreflecttheimprovementinrobotmaking.B[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段的內(nèi)容，尤其是“Otherswonderedabouttheeffectsrobotsmighthaveonemploymentandworkers”可知，并不是所有人都支持人工智能新聞主播。]4．Whatwillprobablybediscussedinthefollowingparagraph?A．Furtherresearchonthetechnology.B．Otheradvantagesofthetechnology.C．Principlesthetechnologyisbasedon.D．Examplesthetechnologyisappliedto.D[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段中的“somebusinesseshaveexperimentedwithsimilartechnologyforpossibleuseinnewsoperations”可知，接下來的一段很可能討論這種技術(shù)所應(yīng)用的例子。]B(2019·湖北武昌區(qū)調(diào)研)Historiansandarchaeologistshavedefinedperiodsofhumanhistoryforcenturiesbythetechnologiesormaterialsthatmadethegreatestimpactonsociety.ThisincludestheStoneAge，theBronzeAge，andtheIronAge.Butwhatageareweinnow?Thatquestioncanbeansweredwithonewordforsomeresearchers.Plastics.“Plastichasredefinedourmaterialcultureandtheartifactsweleavebehind.Itwillbefoundinstratified(分層的)layersinourtrashdeposits(沉積層)．”That'saccordingtoJohnMarston，anarchaeologist.Thewidevarietyofsyntheticpolymers(合成聚合物)wouldnotexistifitweren'tforhumanaction.Aboutsixbilliontonsofplasticshavebeenmadeandspreadaroundtheplanet.Theyhavebeenspreadfromforeststooceanseversincethefirstplasticpolymerswereinvented.PlasticsareoneofthemostsignificantchangesthathumanshavemadetotheEarth'smakeup.Mostplasticsdon'teasilydegrade.Thisonlyaddstotheproblem.Recyclingisn'tanadequatesolution.Notalltypesofplasticareeasilyrecyclable.Andthereareonlyafewrecyclingplantsthatcanprocessallvarietiesofplastic.AccordingtoDebraWinter，writerforTheAtlantic，thismeansthatmanyofthematerialsthrownintorecyclingbinscancrosstheplanetseveraltimesbeforetheyareprocessed.Theyaremadeintorugs，sweaters，ortheyareusedtomakeotherbottles.Millionsoftonsofplasticsarerecycledeveryyear，butmillionsmoreendupinlandfillsortheocean.Theproblemhasreachedthepointwhereit'spossiblethatinjustafewdecadestheremightbemoreplasticintheworld'soceansthanfishes.“Plasticshaveasupposedlifespanofover500years，soit'ssafetosaythateveryplasticbottleyouhaveusedexistssomewhereonthisplanet，insomeformoranother，”Winterwrites.Thedamagemayalreadybedone.Itmaybetoolateforhumanpopulationsworldwidetochangetheirplasticusingways.SothePlasticAgemightsoontakeitsplacenexttotheBronzeAgeandtheIronAgeinthehistoryofhumancivilization.【語篇解讀】在我們所處的時代，塑料給我們的生活帶來了很大便利，但是也給環(huán)境造成了巨大損害。5．WhydopeoplecallouragethePlasticAge?A．Becauseplasticsarenotnaturallymade.B．Becausehumanscreateplastics.C．Becauseplasticsinfluencetheworldgreatly.D．Becausehistoriansandarchaeologiststhinkso.C[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可知，歷史學(xué)家和考古學(xué)家是使用對社會造成最大影響的技術(shù)或材料來界定人類歷史時期的，由此可推知，我們稱現(xiàn)在這個時代為塑料時代的原因是塑料極大地影響了世界，故C項正確。]6．Accordingtothepassage，howaremostplasticsdealtwithcurrently?A．Theyarerecycled.B．Theyaredegraded.C．Theyarethrownaway.D．Theyaremadeintobottles.C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Millionsoftonsofplasticsarerecycledeveryyear，butmillionsmoreendupinlandfillsortheocean”可知，可回收的塑料垃圾較少，更多的塑料垃圾最終被扔到垃圾場或海洋中了，故C項正確。]7．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothePlasticAge?A．Negative. B．Ambiguous.C．Favorable. D．Unconcerned.A[觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，作者在文章中描述了塑料垃圾對社會的巨大的負(fù)面影響，尤其在最后一段中作者提到，塑料垃圾對社會可能已經(jīng)造成了損害，人們改變使用塑料的方式可能太晚了。由此可推知，作者對塑料時代持消極態(tài)度。故A項正確。]8．Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A．Plasticshaveruinedourenvironment.B．Wemuststopusingplasticsaltogether.C．HumanbeingsareinthePlasticAge.D．Plasticsaresignificanttohumandevelopment.C[主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講述的是我們?nèi)祟惉F(xiàn)在處于塑料時代并解釋了我們這個時代被稱為塑料時代的原因，由此可推知，C項最符合文意。]Ⅱ.閱讀七選五(2019·大連市高三雙基測試)Haveyoueverhadtimesquestioningyourselfandfeelingdiscouraged?Ifyouansweryes，whatyou'veexperiencedisnegativeself-talk.__1__.Yousaytoyourselfuntruethingslike，“I'mnotgoodenough.I'madisappointment.”Thesefalsebeliefsstopusinourtracks.So，howdoyoustopthenegativeself-talk??__2__Knowyou'respecial.Youare“OneofaKind”！Thereisnootherpersonthatthinksexactlylikeyou.Whenyoubegintosincerelybelievehowspecialyouare，it'seasiertofightthenegativeself-talk.?ChangeyourassociationsYournegativeself-talkcomesfromyourenvironment.Youdidn'tjustaccidentallywakeuponedaythinkingofbadthingsaboutyourself.Itmaybebecausesomeone，somewhereinyourlifehastoldyounegativethingsaboutyouandwhetheryouacceptitornot，youbelievethem.However，ifyousurroundyourselfwiththerightpeople，theywillbuildyouup，inspireyouandmakeyoufeelbetter.__3__.?ChangeyourdialogueReadandsayallthewonderfulthingsaboutyourselfatleast5timesperday.Lookatyourselfinthemirrorandsay，“Iamamazing！”__4__，andyou'llbelieveyouareawesomeprettysoon.Ofcourse，thereareotherthingstostopnegativeself-talk.__5__，butifyouaredeterminedtothinkpositivelyineverysituation，thatwillbringapositivechangeinyourlife.A．ThinkthesamewayB．ChangeisnoteasyC．ChangeyourpositionD．ItbeginsinyourbrainE．ChangeyourstateofmindF．You'llseekouttherightpeopletohelpchangeyourthoughtsG．You'llstarttobelievethegreatthingstheytellyoulittlebylittle【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了如何停止消極的自我對話。1．D[空前一句是說如果你的答案是肯定的，那么你所經(jīng)歷的就是消極的自我對話。空后是說你對自己說一些不真實的情況，由此可推知，D項“它始于你的大腦”銜接上下文，符合語境。]2．E[根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)和空處所處位置可知，空處為本段的小標(biāo)題。本段內(nèi)容都是在描述一個人好的心態(tài)的表現(xiàn)，故E項“改變你的心態(tài)”最能概括本段內(nèi)容。]3．G[根據(jù)空前一句“然而，如果你結(jié)交了正確的人，他們會讓你振作起來，激勵你，讓你感覺更好”可知，G項“你會開始逐漸地相信他們告訴你的美好的事情”銜接上文，符合語境。]4．A[空前一句是說看著鏡子中的自己對自己說“我太棒了”，空后是說你很快就會相信你很棒，由此可知A項符合語境。]5．B[空后表示“但如果你決心在任何情況下都積極思考，這將給你的生活帶來積極的改變”。其中but為表轉(zhuǎn)折意義的提示詞，故B項“改變并不容易”符合語境，銜接下文。]Ⅲ.語法填空(2019·南昌市重點中學(xué)段考)Intoday'sworldofmobilepayment，allwereallyneed1.________(survive)isasmartphone.Butonecompanyishopingtomaketraditionalwalletscoolagain，by2.________(bring)themintothedigitalage.ArmenianfirmVolterman'ssmartwallettakessecuritytoanewlevel.It'sfittedwithdifferenttechnology，suchas3.________alarm，aGPStracker，andevenacamera.Ifyoursmartphoneandwalletbecomeseparate，thealarmwillwarnyou4.________youdon'tleaveitbehind.Andifyourwallet5.________(lose)orstolen，theGPStrackercanhelpyoureachit.Even6.________(interesting)isthefront-facingcamera.“Ifsomeonedarestoopenyourwallet7.______permission，alittlecamerainside8.________(take)apictureandsendittoyourmobilephone.Youwillfindit9.________(easy)byreceivingapictureofthethief，”AzatTovmasyan，Volterman'sfounder，toldnewssiteBanks.am.Thehigh-techwalletwillbereleasedlaterthisyearandwillcomeinthree10.________(model)，withthecheapestexpectedtocost$179.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了一種即將上市的智能錢包。1．tosurvive[考查非謂語動詞。needtodosth.為固定搭配，意為“需要做某事”。句意：在當(dāng)今的移動支付世界，我們生存真正需要的是一部智能手機(jī)。]2．bringing[考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)空前的介詞by可知，空處作該介詞的賓語，故用動名詞形式。句意：但有一家公司希望通過將傳統(tǒng)錢包帶入數(shù)字時代，讓它們再次變酷。]3．a(chǎn)n[考查冠詞。根據(jù)該句中的“aGPStracker，andevenacamera”并結(jié)合語境可知，該處泛指“一個警報器”，且alarm的發(fā)音以元音音素開頭，故用不定冠詞an。]4．so[考查連詞。句意：如果你的智能手機(jī)和錢包分開了，警報器會提醒你，這樣你就不會忘記它。根據(jù)空處前后的句意可知，空處前后表示因果關(guān)系，故用so引導(dǎo)該結(jié)果狀語從句。]5．islost[考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：如果你的錢包丟失或被盜，GPS跟蹤器可以幫助你找到它。if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中可用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來，故空處用一般現(xiàn)在時；根據(jù)語境可知，空處表示丟失的狀態(tài)，故用islost。]6．moreinteresting[考查形容詞的比較級。上文介紹了如果你的錢包丟失或被盜，GPS跟蹤器可以幫助你找到的情況，結(jié)合該句中的“Even”可知，此處表示“更令人感興趣的是前置攝像頭”。故該處用形容詞的比較級。]7．without[考查介詞。根據(jù)語境可知，如果有人膽敢在未經(jīng)允許的情況下打開你的錢包，里面的一個小相機(jī)就會拍下照片并發(fā)送到你的智能手機(jī)上。withoutpermission意為“未經(jīng)允許”，為固定用法。]8．willtake[考查時態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為主從復(fù)合句，從句為if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，使用了一般現(xiàn)在時，故主句用一般將來時。句意：如果有人膽敢