新教材英語(yǔ)人教版選擇性單元加餐練5Unit5WorkingtheLand

單元加餐練Ⅰ.閱讀理解IsItWorthBuyingOrganicFood?Organicfood,grownwithoutartificialchemicals,isincreasinglypopularnowadays.Consumershavebeenwillingtopayuptotwicemoreforgoodswithorganiclabels(商標(biāo)).However,ifyouthinkpayingalittlemorefororganicfoodgetsyouamorenutritiousandsaferproduct,thenyou'dbettersaveyourmoney.AstudyledbyresearchersatStanfordThelatestresults,publishedintheAnnualsofInternalMedicine,suggestthatbuyersmaybewastingtheirmoney.“Wedidnotfindstrongevidencethatorganicfoodismorenutritiousorhealthier，”saysDrCrystalSmith-SpanglerfromStanford.“Soconsumersshouldn'tassumethatonetypeoffoodhasalowerriskorissafer.”Fortheirnewstudy,Smith-Spanglerandhercolleaguesconductedareviewoftwocategoriesofresearch,including17studiesthatparedhealthoutesbetweenconsumersoforganicagainsttraditionalfoodproducts,and223studiesthatanalyzedthenutritionalcontentofthefoods,includingkeyvitamins,mineralsandfats.Whiletheresearchersfoundlittledifferenceinnutritionalcontent,theydidfindthatorganicfruitandvegetableswere20%lesslikelytohavechemicalsremainingonthesurfaces.Neitherorganicnortraditionalfoodsshowedlevelsofchemicalshighenoughtogobeyondfoodsafetystandards.Andbothorganicandtraditionalmeats,suchaschickenandpork,wereequallylikelytobeharmedbybacteriaatverylowrates.Theresearchersdidfindthatorganicmilkandchickencontainedhigherlevelsofomega-3fattyacids,ahealthyfatalsofoundinfishthatcanreducetheriskofheartdisease.However,thesenutritionaldifferencesweretoosmall,andtheresearcherswereunwillingtomakemuchofthemuntilfurtherstudiesconfirmthetrends.Organicfoodisproducedwithfewerchemicalsandmorenatural-growingpractices,butthatdoesn'talwaystranslateintoamorenutritiousorhealthierproduct.TheUSDepartmentofAgriculture(USDA)statesthat“whetheryoubuyorganicornot,findingthefreshestfoodsavailablemayhavethebiggesteffectontaste.”Freshfoodisatleastasgoodasanythingmarketedasorganic.本文為議論文，由人們花很多錢(qián)去購(gòu)買(mǎi)有機(jī)食品入題，提出有機(jī)食品真的比傳統(tǒng)食品更好嗎？然后引用專(zhuān)家的調(diào)查結(jié)果證實(shí)有機(jī)食品并未比傳統(tǒng)食品有更好的營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分。1．Thenewresearchquestionswhetherorganicfood________.A．shouldreplacetraditionalfoodB．hasbeenoverpricedbyfarmersC．isgrownwithlessharmfulchemicals D．isreallymorenutritiousandhealthier答案：D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)全文尤其是第二段第二句“Wedidnotfindstrongevidencethatorganicfoodismorenutritiousorhealthier”可知，新研究主要質(zhì)疑有機(jī)食品是否更有營(yíng)養(yǎng)，更健康。故D正確。2．Smith-Spanglerandhercolleaguesfoundthat________.A．organicfoodcouldreducetheriskofheartdiseaseB．traditionalfoodwasgrownwithmorenaturalmethodsC．bothorganicandtraditionalfoodtheyexaminedweresafeD．therewasnotapresenceofanyformsofbacteriainorganicfood答案：C解析：推理判斷題。第四段詳細(xì)對(duì)比了有機(jī)食品和傳統(tǒng)食品在各方面的情況，得出結(jié)論兩種食品只有細(xì)微差別，并沒(méi)有哪一種比另一種營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分更多。故C正確。3．Whichofthefollowingisrelativelyhealthieraccordingtothepassage?A．Organicchickenandpork. B．Organicmilkandchicken.C．Traditionalchickenandpork. D．Traditionalfruitandvegetables.答案：B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段第四句“Theresearchersdidfindthatorganicmilkandchickencontainedhigherlevelsofomega-3fattyacids,ahealthyfatalsofoundinfishthatcanreducetheriskofheartdisease.”可知答案為B。4．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardorganicfood?A．Sceptical. B．Neutral.C．Unconcerned. D．Approving.答案：A解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。作者在第一段提出人們不值得花過(guò)多的錢(qián)去買(mǎi)有機(jī)食品，在最后一段引用USDA美國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部的觀點(diǎn)“whetheryoubuyorganicfoodornot,findingthefreshestfoodsavailablemayhavethebiggesteffectontaste”以及最后一句可看出作者是質(zhì)疑的態(tài)度。故A正確。Ⅱ.七選五TheKeytoSuccessWhenIwas27yearsold,Ileftaverydemandingjobinmanagementconsultingforajobthatwasevenmoredemanding:teaching.__1__Andlikeanyteacher,Imadequizzesandtests.Igaveouthomeworkassignments.Whentheworkcameback,Icalculatedgrades.__2__SomeofmystrongestperformersdidnothaveequallygoodIQscores.Someofmysmartestkidsweren'tdoingsowell.Andthatgotmethinking.Thekindsofthingsyouneedtolearninseventh-graders'matharehard.__3__Iwasfirmlyconvincedthateveryoneofmystudentscouldlearnthematerialiftheyworkedhardandlongenough.Afterseveralmoreyearsofteaching,Icametotheconclusionthatwhatweneedineducationisamuchbetterunderstandingofstudentsandlearningfromamotivational(動(dòng)機(jī)的)perspective,fromapsychologicalperspective.SoIlefttheclassroom,andIwenttograduateschool(研究生院)tobeeapsychologist.Istartedstudyingkidsandadultsinallkindsofsuperchallengingsettings,andineverystudymyquestionwas,whoissuccessfulhereandwhy?MyresearchteamandIwenttotheUnitedStatesMilitaryAcademy.__A．ItwasIQaswellasEQ.B．Itwasn'tsocialintelligenceorIQ.C．Butthosethingsarenotimpossibletolearn.D．SomeofmybeststudentsreallyhavehighIQ.E．Iwenttoteachseventh-graders'mathinaNewYorkCitypublicschool.F．WhatstruckmewasthatIQwasnottheonlydifferenceamongstudents.G．Wetriedtopredictwhichparticipantswouldstayinmilitarytrainingandwhichwoulddropout.這是一篇夾敘夾議的文章。文章講述了作者在當(dāng)老師的時(shí)候做了一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)，發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子的智商不是決定其成功的決定性因素，在之后的研究中他發(fā)現(xiàn)成功的因素是毅力。1．E解析：根據(jù)上文WhenIwas27yearsold,Ileftaverydemandingjobinmanagementconsultingforajobthatwasevenmoredemanding:teaching.可知，我放棄了一個(gè)要求非常高的管理咨詢(xún)工作而去選擇一個(gè)要求更高的工作：教學(xué)。E選項(xiàng)的意思：我去紐約市公立學(xué)校教七年級(jí)數(shù)學(xué)。因此是繼續(xù)介紹他的教學(xué)工作，前后邏輯一致，因此選E。2．F解析：根據(jù)下文SomeofmystrongestperformersdidnothaveequallygoodIQscores.Someofmysmartestkidsweren'tdoingsowell.可知，表現(xiàn)最好的一些人沒(méi)有同樣高的智商。而我的一些最聰明的孩子表現(xiàn)沒(méi)有那么好。F選項(xiàng)的意思：讓我感到震驚的是，智商不是學(xué)生之間唯一的區(qū)別。前后貫通，因此選F。3．C解析：根據(jù)下文Iwasfirmlyconvincedthateveryoneofmystudentscouldlearnthematerialiftheyworkedhardandlongenough.可知，我堅(jiān)信，如果他們努力學(xué)習(xí)足夠長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間，我的每一個(gè)學(xué)生都可以學(xué)得這些。C選項(xiàng)意思：但那些事情并非不可能學(xué)習(xí)。空格后是對(duì)C的進(jìn)一步解釋?zhuān)虼诉xC。4．G解析：根據(jù)上文MyresearchteamandIwenttotheUnitedStatesMilitaryAcademy.可知，我和我的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)去了美國(guó)軍事學(xué)院。G選項(xiàng)的意思：我們?cè)噲D預(yù)測(cè)哪些參與者會(huì)留在軍事訓(xùn)練中，哪些參與者會(huì)退出。前后符合邏輯，因此選G。5．B解析：根據(jù)上文Inallthoseverydifferentcontexts,onecharacteristicemergedasasignificantpredictorofsuccess.可知，在所有這些非常不同的背景下，一個(gè)特征成為成功的重要預(yù)測(cè)指標(biāo)。根據(jù)下文Itwasgrit(毅力)可知，是毅力。B選項(xiàng)意思：這不是社交智慧或智商。根據(jù)上下文可知選B。Ⅲ.完形填空TheGrassCuttingDaysEverytimeweheadedouttocutgrass,Dadwastheretowatch.Iusedto__1__whyhecamewithus.HestoodwatchingusinthestickyFloridaheatwhenhecouldhavebeeninside__2__withairconditioningandanicydrink.Onedaywewerecuttingournext-doorneighbor'syard.Shealwayswaiteduntilthegrasswasknee-hightocallusover.Tomakemattersworse,wehadanoldlawnmowerthatkeptbreakingdownaswetriedtocut__3__herbackyardjungle.Thisparticularafternoon,Iwasfinishingupandwastiredandsweaty.I__4__thetallglassofcoldjuiceIwoulddrinkinaminutetocooldown.Iwasjustabouttoturnoffthelawnmower__5__IsawDadpointingtoonesinglebladeofgrass(一片草).IthoughtaboutthesmallamountofmoneyIwasgetting__6__forcuttinggrasssohighthatitalmostbrokethemower.Iignoredhimandkeptwalking.Dadcalledmeoutandyelled,“Youmissedablade.”Ifrowned(皺眉),hopinghewouldletmegohome.Hekeptpointing.Thoughtiredand__7__，Istillwentbacktocutthatbladeofgrass.Ithoughttomyself,“Thatonebladeisn't__8__anyone.Whywon'thejustletitgo？”ButwhenIreachedadulthood,Iunderstoodhis__9__：Whenyou'rerunningabusiness,theworkyoudosaysagreatdealaboutyou.Ifyouwanttobeseenasanhonestbusinessman,youmustdeliveraqualityproduct.Thatsinglebladeofgrass__10__thejobwasnotdone.Otherneighborstook__11__ofthegoodworkwedidandwesoongainedmore__12__.Thelessonmydadtaughtmestayedwithme:Be__13__.Ifyousayyouaregoingtoperformajobatacertaintime,__14__yourword.Giveyourcustomersthekindof__15__youwouldliketoreceive.Itshowshowsincereyouareandhowmuchprideyoutakeinyourwork.這是一篇記敘文，文章講述了作者在暑假給別人修剪草坪掙零花錢(qián)時(shí)，父親對(duì)自己的教育。從這件事中作者知道了做任何事都要有專(zhuān)業(yè)素養(yǎng)，這是一個(gè)道德規(guī)范問(wèn)題。1.A.wonder B．understandC．know D．expect答案：A解析：考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A.wonder想知道；B.understand理解；C.know知道；D.expect期望。結(jié)合下文可知，作者很想知道父親為什么總是大熱天站在那兒看著自己給別人割草坪，故選A。2．A.hiding B．relaxingC．playing D．talking答案：B解析：考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A.hiding躲藏；B.relaxing放松；C.playing玩；D.talking交談。結(jié)合上文可知，此處是指作者認(rèn)為父親本可以坐在空調(diào)屋里喝著冷飲放松，故選B。3．A.in B．backC．up D．through答案：D解析：考查短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞辨析。cutin插嘴；cutback減少；cutup切碎；cutthrough穿過(guò)。結(jié)合上下文語(yǔ)境可知，鄰居的草坪的草很高，此處是指作者要在這些高草中來(lái)回穿過(guò)，故選D。4．A.pictured B．decidedC．required D．invented答案：A解析：考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A.pictured想象；B.decided決定；C.required要求；D.invented發(fā)明。結(jié)合上文語(yǔ)境可知，天氣很熱，作者汗流浹背，又很累，所以此處是作者在想象著很快自己就可以喝杯涼果汁。故選A。5．A.until B．beforeC．when D．while答案：C解析：考查連詞詞義辨析。A.until直到……才；B.before在……之前；C.when當(dāng)……時(shí)候；D.while當(dāng)……時(shí)候。句意：我剛要關(guān)上割草機(jī)的時(shí)候，突然看到爸爸指著一片草地。beabouttodo...when...是固定句型，意思是“當(dāng)正要去做一件事的時(shí)候，另一件事情突然發(fā)生了”。while沒(méi)有此用法，故選C。6．A.involved B．caughtC．changed D．paid答案：D解析：考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A.involved涉及；B.caught抓住；C.changed改變；D.paid支付。結(jié)合上下文語(yǔ)境可知，此處是指作者割草別人付給的工錢(qián)，故選D。7．A.discouraged B．a(chǎn)shamedC．touched D．shocked答案：A解析：考查形容詞詞義辨析。A.discouraged灰心的；沮喪的；B.ashamed羞愧的；C.touched感動(dòng)的；D.shocked震驚的。結(jié)合上文可知，作者感到又累又熱，然而父親卻讓他接著把另一片草割干凈，因此他感到很沮喪。故選A。8．A.surprising B．frighteningC．hurting D．embarrassing答案：C解析：考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A.surprising使吃驚；B.frightening使害怕；C.hurting傷害；D.embarrassing使尷尬。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，作者對(duì)父親非得讓他把那片草割干凈很不理解，此處是指作者認(rèn)為那片草不割也不會(huì)傷害誰(shuí)，故選C。9．A.punishment B．messageC．cruelty D．expression答案：B解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。A.punishment懲罰；B.message信息；啟示；C.cruelty殘酷；D.expression表達(dá)。句意：但是，當(dāng)我成年以后，我明白了他想傳達(dá)的信息。根據(jù)下文可知，作者后來(lái)明白了父親讓自己那么做的原因。故選B。10．A.seemed B．realizedC．meant D．found答案：C解析：考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A.seemed似乎；B.realized意識(shí)到；C.meant意味著；D.found發(fā)現(xiàn)。結(jié)合上文作者的感悟可知，此處是指那片沒(méi)有割的草就意味著沒(méi)有完成工作。故選C。11．A.care B．noticeC．place D．control答案：B解析：考查短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞辨析。takecareof照顧；takenoticeof注意到；takeplaceof代替；takecontrolof控制；掌管。根據(jù)下文，很多人因?yàn)樽髡吒畈菡J(rèn)真來(lái)找他割草坪可知，此處是指其他鄰居看到了他們做的工作很棒，故選B。12．A.business B．workersC．experience D．prizes答案：A解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。A.business生意；B.workers工人；C.experience經(jīng)驗(yàn)；D.prizes獎(jiǎng)品。結(jié)合上文大家都知道了我們做事認(rèn)真可知，此處是指很多人來(lái)找我們給他們割草坪，即獲得了更多生意，故選A。13．A.patient B．powerfulC．prepared D．professional答案：D解析：考查形容詞詞義辨析。A.patient有耐心的；B.powerful強(qiáng)大的；C.prepared準(zhǔn)備好的；D.professional專(zhuān)業(yè)的。結(jié)合上文作者的感悟可知，此處是指做工作要專(zhuān)業(yè)，守信用，故選D。14．A.break B．giveC．save D．keep答案：D解析：考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A.break打破；B.give給；C.save節(jié)約；D.keep保持。結(jié)合上下文語(yǔ)境可知，如果你說(shuō)你要在某個(gè)時(shí)間完成一項(xiàng)工作，那么你就得信守諾言。keepone'sword遵守諾言，故選D。15．A.advice B．serviceC．a(chǎn)ttention D．warmth答案：B解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。A.advice建議；B.service服務(wù)；C.attention注意力；D.warmth溫暖。根據(jù)下文作者說(shuō)“它顯示出你有多真誠(chéng)，對(duì)你的工作有多自豪”可知，此處是指要給你的顧客你想要的那種服務(wù)，故選B。Ⅳ.概要寫(xiě)作閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫(xiě)一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Whatiseco-fashion?Eco-fashionisaboutmakingclothesthatconsiderstheenvironment,thehealthofconsumersandtheworkingconditionsofpeopleinthefashionindustry.Acloserlookatthefashionindustrypointsoutmanyproblemsthataremonpracticesinthecreationofourfashionsfromthefieldtothefactory.Firstly,theproductionoftextilespollutestheenvironmentheavily.Cotton-plantingusespesticides;sheep-farmingandwool-cleaningbringaboutglobalwarming.Secondly,everystageofclothingproductionconsumesagreatdealofenergyandsomealsoinvolvechemicalswhichobviouslydoharmtothesurroundings.Inaddition,thereisalotofwasteproducedintheprocess,especiallyintheformofpollutedwater.Thirdly,growingpurchasingpowerandourshoppinghabitsfurtherworsenthebadeffects.Wearenowbuyingclothesinincreasingquantitiesandwearealsoquicktothrowawayclothesthathavebeenwornonlyacoupleoftimes.Then,howtosolvetheproblem?Toalargedegree,itisthefashionproducersthatreallyhavethepowerandtheresponsibilitytoshapeourfuture.Thereareagreatmanywaystheseproducerscanreducetheirecologicalfootprin