實用科技英語教程-Automation Technology

AutomationTechnology01LeadInICcardshavemanyapplicationsinagreatvarietyoffields.ReadthetextbelowtofindwhatindustriesthesesampleICcardsstandfor.ICcardshavemanyapplicationsinagreatvarietyoffields.ReadthetextbelowtofindwhatindustriesthesesampleICcardsstandfor.ICcards,alsoknownassmartcards,containadime-sizedmicrochipthatcanprocessandstorethousandsofbitsofelectronicdata.Theycaninteractwithcomputersandotherautomatedsystemsandthedatatheycarrycanbeupdatedinstantaneously.Today,themajorapplicationareasformicroprocessor-basedsmartcardsincludeinformationsecurity,bankingandcreditcards,communications,governmentprograms,physicalaccesssecurity,transportation,retailandloyalty,healthcare,andstudentidentification.Theseareintersectingareas-smartcardmaycarryapplicationsfrommorethanonearea(e.g.combininginformationandphysicalsecurityaccess,orfinancialandretailloyalty).LookatthetablebelowandcompareICcardswithMagneticcards.DifferenceSimilarity1234Technology(semiconductor;magnetism)Information(updatingprocess;predominantstorage)Tamper-resistantlifetimeInternationalstandard,appearanceMaterials:plasticsCardreaderConvenient,secure,etcComparison:1.ICcardsaresimilartomagneticcardsinthatthey

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.Writing對照型段落FurtherDevelopmentmedicine/?medsn/perform/p?r?f??rm/treatments/?tri?tm?nt/thinkingskillsprogress/?prɑ?ɡres,?prɑ?ɡr?s/economics/?i?k??nɑ?m?ks,?ek??nɑ?m?ks/roboticsystems/ro??bɑ?t?k/military/?m?l?teri/research/'ris?t?/differentareasofexpertise/?eksp??r?ti?z/藥品完成，執(zhí)行治療思維能力進步經(jīng)濟學機器人系統(tǒng)軍事的研究不同的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域Fillintheblankswiththewordsorphrases.ListeningArtificialintelligenceistechnologydesignedto___________________jobsthatrequirehigherlevel_________________.Inotherwords,skillslikethoseofhumanintelligence.A.I.systemshavemanydifferentuses.Theyareusedin_______________,tostudythingslikestockmarketactivity.Theyareusedin_________________---forexample,tohelpdoctorsrecognizedisordersanchoosethebest__________________.Andtheyareusedinthe_________________,todevelopsystemslikeself-guidingvehiclesandso-calledsmartbombsthatlookfortheirtargets.股票要求智商旨在識別，診斷失調(diào)，紊亂無人駕駛精靈炸彈；激光制導(dǎo)炸彈performthinkingskillseconomicsmedicinetreatmentsmilitaryListening

__________________withartificialintelligencecanperformmanyindustrialduties.Theserobotscanalsohelpdoctorsoperateonpatients.Theycanevenpilotspacecraft.______________intoartificialintelligenceincludesareaslikelearning,reasoningandaction.Theworkbringstogetherpeoplefrommany___________________________.完成操作，做手術(shù)病人領(lǐng)航，駕駛航空器推理RoboticsystemsResearchListeningdifferentareasofexpertiseYet___________withartificialintelligencehasbeenslowerthanthosescientistfiftyyearsagohadhoped.Forexample,ProfessorMoornotesthecontinueddifficultytotraincomputerstouseandtranslatelanguage.Usinglanguagecorrectlyrequiresaknowledgeofcountless_____________________situationsandconditions.Solanguageisanarea_______________________________________________________.持續(xù)的無數(shù)的條件progresssocialandculturalwherehumanscanstillconsiderthemselvessmarterthanmachinesListeningMatchsixmajorcategories/?k?t?ɡ??ri/（分類）

ofarobotsystemwithasix-waydivision/d??v??n/（部分）ofthefunctions（功能）ofthehumanbody.Andfindouttheirfunctions.TheRobotSystemSensors傳感器Processors處理器TransportationsystemsCommunicationsystemsVisionsystems視覺系統(tǒng)Effectors效應(yīng)器TheHumanSystemEyesScientificallyunidentifiedyetArms,handsBrainFeetSkin,nose,ears,tastebud味蕾RobotSystemVs.HumanSystemMatchsixmajorcategories/?k?t?ɡ??ri/（分類）

ofarobotsystemwithasix-waydivision/d??v??n/（部分）ofthefunctions（功能）ofthehumanbody.Andfindouttheirfunctions.TheRobotSystemSensors傳感器Processors處理器TransportationsystemsCommunicationsystemsVisionsystems視覺系統(tǒng)Effectors效應(yīng)器TheHumanSystemEyesScientificallyunidentifiedyetArms,handsBrainFeetSkin,nose,ears,tastebud味蕾RobotSystemVs.HumanSystemFunctions1.Inchargeofoperations.Examples:computerchipsandsoftware.B.Processors2.Capturetactileinformation:lightandsounds.A.Sensors3.Workwithopticalsignals;abletosee.Example:TVcamera.E.Visionsystems4.Manipulateandsupporttools:pliers,drills,poles,hammers,brooms,etc.F.Effectors5.Usemovementmechanism:wheels,feet,wings,propellers,rockets,etc.C.Transportationsystems6.Usedtocommunicateandoperatefromadistance.Examples:telephone,internet,fax.

D.Communicationsystems負責，管理操作捕獲觸覺信息光信號操作工具機制propeller螺旋槳鉗子，鉆子，桿子RobotSystemVs.HumanSystemROTOIBSCWordPuzzleROTOIBSCSPAYING

INSPECTINASSEMLYLADING

ESTINGWELDNGPAKAGINGCATING噴漆檢查裝配焊接鑄造WordPuzzleComprehensiveProgressTextAImprovingIndustrialEfficiencythroughRoboticsPara1Robots,becomingincreasinglyprevalentadjunctinfactoriesandindustrialplantsthroughoutthedevelopedworld,areprogrammedandengineeredmechanicalmanipulatorsdesignedtoperformindustrialtaskswithouthumanintervention.TextAImprovingIndustrialEfficiencythroughRoboticsPara1在發(fā)達國家的工廠里，機器人正成為越來越受歡迎的助手。機器人是經(jīng)過設(shè)計及制造出來的機械手，用來獨立完成各種工業(yè)任務(wù)。TextAImprovingIndustrialEfficiencythroughRoboticsPara2Mostoftoday'srobotsareemployedintheautomotiveindustry,wheretheyareprogrammedtotakeoverassemblylineoperationsasweldingandspraypaintingautomobileandtruckbodies.Theyalsoloadandunloadhot,heavymetalformsusedinmachinescastingautoandtruckframes.Inaddition,theyinstallbulbsininstrumentpanels.TextAImprovingIndustrialEfficiencythroughRoboticsPara2它們也用來裝卸厚重的高溫金屬模板，這些模板用于澆鑄汽車與卡車的框架。此外，還可以用機器人安裝儀表盤上的燈泡。TextAImprovingIndustrialEfficiencythroughRoboticsPara3Robots,alreadytakingoverhumantasksintheautomotivefield,arebeginningtobeseen,althoughtoalesserdegree,inotherindustriesaswell.Theretheybuildelectricmotors,smallappliances,typewriters,pocketcalculators,andevenwatches.Therobotpowerplantshandletheradioactivematerials,sparinghumanpersonnelexposuretoradiation.Thesearetherobotsresponsibleforthereductioninjob-relatedinjuriesinthisnewindustry.TextAImprovingIndustrialEfficiencythroughRoboticsPara3機器人在汽車行業(yè)已經(jīng)接替了人類工作，并開始出現(xiàn)在其他行業(yè)，盡管程度稍遜。在這些行業(yè)，它們制造電機，小型器械，打字機，袖珍計算器，甚至還有手表。機器人核電廠處理放射性材料，可以使工作人員免遭輻射傷害。在這種新興行業(yè)中，使用機器人可以減少工傷事故。TextAImprovingIndustrialEfficiencythroughRoboticsPara4Whatmakesarobotarobotandnotjustanotherkindofautomaticmachine?Robotsdifferfromautomaticmachinesinthataftercompletionofonespecifictask,theycanbereprogrammedbyacomputertodoanotherone.Asanexample,arobotdoingspotweldingonemonthcanbereprogrammedandswitchedtospraypaintingthenext.Automaticmachines,ontheotherhand,arelessversatile.Theyarebuilttoperformonlyonetask.Robotsaremoreflexibleandadaptableandusuallymoretransportablethanothermachines.Futurerobotswillsee,touchandthink.TextAImprovingIndustrialEfficiencythroughRoboticsPara4為什么不把機器人稱之為是另一種形式的自動化機器呢？機器人不同于自動化機器是因為機器人在完成某項特定任務(wù)之后，可以用計算機重新編程，再去執(zhí)行另一項任務(wù)。比如，這個月做點焊的機器人經(jīng)過重新編程，下個月轉(zhuǎn)做噴漆。而自動化機器就沒有這樣“多才多藝”了。自動化機器只能用來執(zhí)行一項任務(wù)。與其它機器相比，機器人更靈活，適應(yīng)性更強，更便于運輸。未來的機器人兼具視覺和觸覺，并會思考。

TextAImprovingIndustrialEfficiencythroughRoboticsPara5Thenextgenerationofrobotswillbeabletoseeobjects,willhaveasenseoftouch,andwillmakecriticaldecisions.Engineersskilledinmicroelectronicsandcomputertechnologyaredevelopingartificialvisionforrobots.Withtheabilityto"see",robotscanidentifyandinspectonespecificclassofobjectsoutofastackofdifferentkindsofmaterials.Onerobotvisionsystemuseselectronicdigitalcamerascontainingmanyrowsoflight-sensitivematerials.Whenlightfromanobjectsuchasamachinepartstrikesthecamera,thesensitivematerialsmeasuretheintensityoflightandconvertthelightraysintoarangeofnumbers.Thenumbersarepartofagray-scalesysteminwhichbrightnessismeasuredinarangeofvalues.Onescalerangesfrom0to15,andanotherfrom0to255.The0isrepresentedbyblack.Thehighestnumberiswhite.Thenumbersinbetweenrepresentshadesofgray.Thecomputerthenmakesthecalculationsandconvertsthenumbersintoapicturethatshowsanimageoftheobjectinquestion.Itisnotyetknownwhetherrobotswillonedayhavevisionasgoodashumanvision.Techniciansbelievetheywill,butonlyafteryearsofdevelopment.TextAImprovingIndustrialEfficiencythroughRoboticsPara5新一代機器人能看見物體，具有觸覺，還能做決策。微電子和計算機領(lǐng)域的工程師們正在研發(fā)機器人的仿真視覺。具備了“看”的能力，機器人可以從一堆不同材質(zhì)的物體中，識別并檢測出某種特定類別的物體。有種機器人視覺系統(tǒng)使用了含有多行感光材料的電子數(shù)碼相機。當某一物體（如：一個機器零件）被相機拍下后，感光材料可以測量光的強度，然后將光線轉(zhuǎn)化成一系列的數(shù)字。這些數(shù)字是灰階系統(tǒng)的組成部分，灰階系統(tǒng)通過一系列數(shù)值來測量物體的亮度。一種灰階等級是0到15級，另一種是從0到225，0表示黑色，最高的數(shù)值表示白色。中間的數(shù)值表示不同的灰度。然后，經(jīng)過計算，計算機將這些數(shù)值轉(zhuǎn)化為圖片，呈現(xiàn)出該物體的圖像。將來某一天，機器人是否具有與人類一樣好的視力還未可知。專家們相信會有那么一天，只是還需要多年的開發(fā)。

TextAImprovingIndustrialEfficiencythroughRoboticsPara6Engineersworkingonotheradvancesaredesigningandexperimentingwithnewtypesofarticulatedmetalhandsandfingersandgivingrobotsasenseoftouch.Otherengineersarewritingnewprogramsallowingrobotstomakedecisionssuchaswhethertodiscarddefectivepartsinfinishedproducts.Todothis,therobotwillalsohavetobecapableofidentifyingthosedefectiveparts.TextAImprovingIndustrialEfficiencythroughRoboticsPara6其他前沿領(lǐng)域的工程師們正在設(shè)計試驗新型仿真金屬手與金屬手指，使機器人具有觸覺。還有一些工程師在編寫新的程序，使機器人能夠做決定，如：是否丟棄成品中的次品。要做到這一點，機器人還得具備識別這些次品的能力。

TextAImprovingIndustrialEfficiencythroughRoboticsPara7Thesefuturerobots,assembledwithasenseoftouchandtheabilitytoseeandmakedecisions,willhaveplentyofworktodo.Theycanbeusedtoprospectformineralsontheoceanfloororindeepareasofminestoodangerousforhumanstoenter.Theywillworkasgasstationattendants,firefighters,housekeepers,andsecuritypersonnel.Therobotbusinesswillcontinuetogrowalso.Financialanalystsbelievethisbusinesswillsoarfroma$100-millionindustryatthestartofthe1980stoa$5-billionindustrybythenearly1990s.Anyonewantingtounderstandtheindustryofthefuturewillhavetoknowaboutrobotics.TextAImprovingIndustrialEfficiencythroughRoboticsPara7這些未來的機器人，集觸覺、視覺及決策能力于一身，將大有可為。它們可用于海底勘探礦藏，或進入礦區(qū)深處進行勘探，這些地方非常危險，人類不能進入。它們將擔任加油站的工作人員、消防隊員、家庭管家及安保人員。機器人產(chǎn)業(yè)會持續(xù)增長。財經(jīng)分析人士相信：機器人產(chǎn)業(yè)將從1980年初的1億美元飆升至1990年初的50億美元。不論是誰，只要想要了解未來行業(yè)發(fā)展狀況，就必須了解機器人的應(yīng)用。

TextAImprovingIndustrialEfficiencythroughRoboticsengineern.工程師；設(shè)計師；技師e.g.They'resendinganengineertofixthephone.

他們要派一名技師來安裝電話。e.g.Thecarisbeautifullyengineeredandapleasuretodrive.

這輛汽車設(shè)計完美，工藝精良，開起來過癮。v.設(shè)計制造；策劃TextAImprovingIndustrialEfficiencythroughRoboticsperform[p??f??m]v.e.g.toperformanexperiment/amiracle/aceremony做實驗；創(chuàng)奇跡；舉行儀式Sheperformsanimportantroleinourorganization.她在我們的組織中發(fā)揮著重要的作用。1.to