押閱讀理解之議論文-2023年中考英語臨考復(fù)習(xí)題（全國通用）（解析版）

專題06押閱讀理解之議論文

押題探究

議論文往有觀點(diǎn)，有事實(shí)，邏錯(cuò)性強(qiáng)，命題往從事實(shí)的有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)及文量的王旨或作者的農(nóng)公

原圖等方面著手,考查我們的思維能力和判斷能力。所以考生要培養(yǎng)根據(jù)上下文猜詞的能力，

或者說根據(jù)情境能揣測(cè)作者的意圖。議論文的閱讀同其他體裁文章的閱讀理解一樣，可以有

主旨大意、細(xì)節(jié)理解.推理判斷、詞義猜測(cè)等幾種出題方式。

解題秘籍

一、重視文章標(biāo)題，找準(zhǔn)全文主題句，把握文章主旨

標(biāo)題往往是全文的主題，審視標(biāo)題，有利于理解全文，提高解題效率。主題句對(duì)全文起提示、

啟迪、概括、歸納之作用。根據(jù)主題句既可以知道文章議論的是什么，也可以知道作者希望

讀者了解主題方面的哪些內(nèi)容。通常主題句會(huì)出現(xiàn)在文章的首句或句末，在這些地方要多留

意表示歸納的詞匯，也可以在具體事例之后或之前的表示觀點(diǎn)的陳述句中尋找。

二、細(xì)讀文章，注意文章細(xì)節(jié)理解

除主旨題外，細(xì)節(jié)理解題也是閱讀理解題中的基礎(chǔ)題，它主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)文中的具體事例、

數(shù)字時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等的理解。經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)排序題（按事情發(fā)展順序排序），圖表題（按文章內(nèi)容找

出正確圖形），正誤題（依據(jù)文章內(nèi)容對(duì)所列的陳述進(jìn)行正誤判斷）。對(duì)這種題型，無論細(xì)節(jié)

題如何變化形式，立足點(diǎn)都應(yīng)是從文章中找出相應(yīng)詞句作為依據(jù)。

三、理解整體語篇，掌握作者意圖

做推理判斷題要求考生在閱讀理解整體語篇的同時(shí)，對(duì)作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)展

作正確的推理判斷，站在作者的視角，而不是主觀臆斷、憑空想象，從而走入誤區(qū)。英語文

章講究使用主題段與主題句，段與段之間通常有過渡性詞語連接，承上啟下，使文章行文連

貫。有時(shí)文章還會(huì)在時(shí)間順序、空間順序或邏輯推理上運(yùn)用較高級(jí)的手段進(jìn)行組編.要想準(zhǔn)

確、深刻地理解文章，必須對(duì)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)有所了解，把握全篇的文脈，即句內(nèi)、句間和段落

間的修辭手段或邏輯關(guān)系。

四、多讀多背，擴(kuò)大詞匯量，掌握猜詞技巧

由于當(dāng)今的閱讀文章題材廣泛，體裁多樣，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)一詞多義，甚至出現(xiàn)沒學(xué)過的詞匯。許

多學(xué)生感到困擾很大，有的甚至煩躁得難以堅(jiān)持閱讀下去。要解決閱讀中的生詞問題，一是

要擴(kuò)大英語詞匯量，二是要學(xué)習(xí)并掌握一些猜測(cè)生詞詞義的方法。

總之，想要提高閱讀能力，尤其是對(duì)考生來說難度較大的議論文閱讀，學(xué)生應(yīng)能從篇章和試

題雙方面入手。通過觀察、體驗(yàn)、探究等積極主動(dòng)的學(xué)習(xí)方法，優(yōu)化閱讀理解中議論文的解

題思路和方法策略，提高學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí)的能力。

真題回顧

（2022.江蘇鹽城.統(tǒng)考中考真題）

Oneteacherpraisesastudentbysaying"You'resosmart!,,Anotherteachersays,4?Youmust

haveworkedreallyhardatthis!”Whichstudentdoesbetterinschool?Studiesshowthatstudents

whohearthewordsofthesecondteacherwilldobetter.Thosestudentsarelearningthattheir

effortisimportant.

Psychologists（心理學(xué)家）lookedatwhatstudentsdidaftertheyweregivendifferenttypesof

praise.Somestudentsweretoldthattheyweregoodatatask.Theydidn,ttryveryhardthenext

time.Otherstudentsweretoldthattheyhadworkedhardatatask.Theyworkedevenharderthe

nexttime.Thefirstgroupofstudentswaslearningthattheyhadasetamountofskill.Theydidn,t

thinktheycoulddoanybetter.Thisiscalledafixedmindset（思維模式）.Thesecondgroupwas

learningthattheycoulddobetteriftheykepttrying.Thisiscalledagrowthmindset.Peoplewho

haveagrowthmindsetbelievethatthebraincangrow;peoplecandobetterandlearnnewskills.

Iftheyworkhard,theycanbesuccessful.

Howcanteachersandparentshelpstudentssucceed?Theycanfocusmainlyoneffortand

notsimplyonability.Whenstudentssucceed,teachersandparentsshouldpraisetheactualwork

ratherthanintelligence（智力）ortalent.Whenstudentsfail,theyshouldbetoldhowtheycando

better.Teachers,parentsandstudentsneedtovalueeffort,notintelligence.

BeliefsofFixedandGrowthMindsets

FixedMindsetGrowthMindset

Thingsyou,rebornwiththatcannotThingsyoucangrowandimprovewith

邱changehardwork

Somethingtoavoid-couldshowlackof

Somethingimportant—leadstosuccess

獷skill

（WcThingstoavoid—incaseyouaren,t

PThingsthathelpyouIeam

goodenough

1.Whatkindofpeoplehavefewerchancestosucceedaccordingtothearticle?

A.Peoplewithagrowthmindset.B.Peoplewithafixedmindset.

C.Peoplewhooftenlearnfromchallenges.D.PeoplewhooftenIeamfrommistakes.

2.FromtheformWecanknowpeoplewithagrowthmindsetconsiderchallengesas.

A.thingsthey,rebornwithB.thingstheyneedtoavoid

C.thingsthathelpthemIeamD.thingsthatstopthemimproving

3.Howdoesthewriterorganizetheideasinthearticle?

A.Bytellingstories.B.Bylistingnumbers.

C.Bydrawingmindmaps.D.Bycomparingfacts.

【答案】1.B2.C3.D

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文，介紹了固定型思維和成長型思維的區(qū)別，告訴我們應(yīng)該更注重

后天努力，而不是與生俱來的智力才能。

1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)"Somestudentsweretoldthattheyweregoodatatask.Theydidn,ttryveιy

hardthenexttime"及"Thefirstgroupofstudentswaslearningthattheyhadasetamountofskill.

Theydidn,tthinktheycoulddoanybetter.Thisiscalledafixedmindset（思維模式）.”可知，文

章介紹了擁有固定型思維模式的學(xué)生在面對(duì)一項(xiàng)任務(wù)時(shí)，如果受到了夸贊表揚(yáng)，那么下一次

他們就不會(huì)再繼續(xù)努力了，故可推知擁有固定型思維的人獲得成功的機(jī)會(huì)較小。故選B。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)表格最后一行ChanengeS中“ThingsthathelpyouIeam”可知，擁有成長

型思維的人會(huì)把挑戰(zhàn)視為可以幫助他們學(xué)習(xí)的事情。故選C。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Psychologists（心理學(xué)家）lookedatwhatstudentsdidafterthey

weregivendifferenttypesofpraise.Somestudentsweretoldthattheyweregoodatatask.They

didn,ttryveryhardthenexttime.Otherstudentsweretoldthattheyhadworkedhardatatask.

Theyworkedevenharderthenexttime.”可知，文章第二段介紹了兩組不同的學(xué)生在接受不同

表揚(yáng)后的行為表現(xiàn)，說明了固定型思維和成長型思維的不同；故文章通過對(duì)比事實(shí)來組織文

章中心思想。故選Do

（2022?四川綿陽?統(tǒng)考中考真題）

Doyoucompareyourselftootherpeople?Perhapsyourbestfriendreceivessomethingyou

reallywant,oryou,renotallowedtogotoaconcertbutyourbrotherorsisteris.Eventhough

comparisonsarecommonandcansometimesbehelpful,focusing（專注）onyourownprogressis

importantforyourhappiness.

“Weoftencompareourselvestootherswhoaredoingbetterornotaswellasourse?ves.^^says

Dr.Jack.??ButIsuggestcomparingyourselftoyourpastselfandyourfutureself.Thiscanmake

youfeelproudofwhatyou,veachievedandexcitedaboutwhatyoumightdo.Focusingonyour

ownpurposesismoreworthwhilethanalwaystryingtocomeoutontop.”

Comparingyourselftothosearoundyouisnaturalandweoftendoitwithoutrealizingit.It

canhelpustobeclearaboutourachievementsandtoformfriendshipswithnewpeoplewhohave

similarinterests.However,it,simportanttorememberthatnobodyisperfectinreallife.It,salso

importanttotakenoteofhowthecomparisonismakingyoufeel.uIfyoubegintofeelquitelow,

focusooyourOWnstrengths."saysJack.Inotherwords,youcanaskyourselfquestionslike

??WhatcanIdowellin7,?whichcanhelpyoutrustyourself.

Maybehereyouarewondering??Whatifallmyfriendsarebetterthanme?^^.Dr.Whitesays

IhaljeaIoUSy（妒忌）isnotbadbutfocusingonbetteringyourownworkcanhelpyoufeeljustas

successfill.Healsomentionsthatlearningtocelebrateyourfriends,successcannotonlyhelpto

cheeryourfriendsupbutalsohelpyoufeelgood.Itwillencourageyoutobuildeachotherup.

4.WhatdoesthewritertellusinParagraph1?

A.Weshouldcomparewithothers.B.Weshouldsharethingswithbrothers.

C.Weshouldenjoyconcertswithsisters.D.Weshouldfocusonourownprogress.

5.Whyshouldyoucompareyourselftoyourpastself?

A.Tocareaboutothers.B.Tochangeyourpurposes.

C.Toincreaseyourexcitement.D.Tobeproudofyourachievements.

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“yourownstrengths"probablymeaninParagraph3?

A.whatyou,regoodatB.whatyou,veunderstood

C.whatyou,recrazyaboutD.whatyou,veexperienced

7.WhatdoesDr.Whitesuggest?

A.Trustingyourfriends.B.Cheeringontinysuccess.

C.Celebratingothers9success.D.Formingadeepfriendship.

8.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.PlanYourOwnFutureB.EnjoyYourOwnHappiness

C.RunYourOwnRaceD.FollowYourOwnDream

【答案】4.D5.D6.A7.C8.C

【導(dǎo)語】本文建議我們不要與別人比較，要專注于自己。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Eventhoughcomparisonsarecommonandcansometimesbehelpful,

focusingonyourownprogressisimportantforyourhappiness."可知，盡管比較很常見,有時(shí)也

有幫助，但關(guān)注自己的進(jìn)步對(duì)你的快樂很重要。故選D。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"BulIsuggestcomparingyourselftoyourpastselfandyourfutureself.This

canmakeyoufeelproudofwhatyou,veachievedandexcitedaboutwhatyoumightdo.“可知，把

自己和過去的自己進(jìn)行比較，會(huì)讓你對(duì)自己所取得的成就感到自豪。故選DC

6.詞句猜測(cè)題。分析'"Ifyoubegintofeelquitelow,focusonyourownstrengths/saysJack.In

otherwords,youcanaskyourselfquestionslikefcWhatcan?dowellin?',whichcanhelpyou

trustyourself.”可知，如果你開始感覺很低落，關(guān)注自己的優(yōu)勢(shì)，找到自己的優(yōu)勢(shì)，可以幫助

你信任自己。yourownstrengths指的是優(yōu)勢(shì)。故選A。

7.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Healsomentionsthatlearningtocelebrateyourfπends,successcannot

onlyhelptocheeryourfriendsupbutalsohelpyoufeelgood.Itwillencourageyoutobuildeach

OtherUP”可知，懷特博士建議學(xué)會(huì)慶祝朋友的成功不僅能讓你的朋友高興起來，也能讓你感

覺良好，它會(huì)鼓勵(lì)你們互相幫助。故選C。

8.最佳標(biāo)題題。本文建議我們不要與別人比較，要專注于自己。選項(xiàng)C“走自己的路”符合

主題。故選C。

（2022?湖北黃石?統(tǒng)考中考真題）

閱讀材料，選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。

Nowadays,expertscallonhighschoolstudentstoreadasmanyliteraryclassics（文學(xué)名著）

aspossible.Whatdoyouthinkofit?

Linda:Wedon,thaveenoughlifeexperiences,sowemayhavedifficultyunderstandingthe

deeperclassics.Butthisshouldn,tbeareasontogiveupreadingclassics.AsFrancisBaconsaid,

"Readingmakesafullman;conference（談話）areadyman;andwritinganexactman.^^

Curry:Classicsarethetreasuresourancestorsleftus.Weshouldreadthemandpassthem

down.AstheoldChinesesayinggoes,44Onewhoisfilledwithknowledgealwaysbehaveswe?l.^^

Classicscanopenupourmindsanddevelopourinterestinculture.

Frank:Withoutbackgroundandlifeexperiences,studentscan,tunderstandwhatwriters

wanttoexpressintheirclassics.Whilereading,somestudentsmainlypayattentiontowordsand

expressionsratherthanthehiddenideas.Forthisreason,readingclassicsmightbeawasteof

time.

Mary:Ontheonehand,notallclassicsaresuitable（合適的）forallstudents,asthereare

manydifficultexpressionsanddeepideas.Ontheotherhand,thespecialwritingstylesmakeit

difficultforstudentstounderstand.Sotheywon,tprobablychoosethem.

9.Whoagreeswiththeideaofreadingliteraryclassics?

A.LindaCurry.B.LindaMary.C.CurryFrank.D.FrankMary.

10.WhatdoesCurrythinkofliteraryclassics?

A.Theyimprovestudents'readingskills.B.Theydevelopstudents,interestinculture.

C.TheyhelpstudentsIeammorewords.D.Theycanchangestudents,personalities（個(gè)

性）?

11.Frankthinksclassicsarenotworthreadingbecause.

A.thewritersliveindifferentcountries

B.studentsprefertoreadaboutlifeexperiences

C.studentsmightpaymoreattentiontowordsandexpressions

D.studentsmightnotunderstandthewritingstyles

12.BothLindaandCurryexplaintheirideasby.

A.listingexamplesB.showingnumbers

C.givingquotes（弓I語）D.makingcomparisons（）??）

13.Whatdoesthepassagetalkabout?

A.Whyliteraryclassicsbecomepopularinhighschools.

B.Whetherhighschoolstudentsshouldreadliteraryclassics.

C.Whyhighschoolstudentsshouldreadliteraryclassics.

D.Howhighschoolsshouldhelpstudentsimprovereadingskills.

【答案】9.A10.B11.C12.C13.B

【導(dǎo)語】本文主要談?wù)摿烁咧猩欠駪?yīng)該讀文學(xué)名著?四個(gè)人給出他們各自的觀點(diǎn)。

9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Linda:Wedon,thaveenoughlifeexperiences,sowemayhavedifficulty

understandingthedeeperclassics.Butthisshouldn'tbeareasontogiveupreadingclassics.,,

（Linda：我們沒有足夠的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)，所以我們可能難以理解更深層次的經(jīng)典。但這不應(yīng)該

成為放棄閱讀經(jīng)典的理由。）以及“Curry:Classicsarethetreasuresourancestorsleftus.We

shouldreadthemandpassthemdown.,,（Curry：經(jīng)典是我們祖先留給我們的財(cái)富。我們應(yīng)該

閱讀它們并將其傳下去。）可知Linda和ClHTy同意閱讀文學(xué)名著，故選Ao

10.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“ClassicscanopenupourmindsanddevelopourinterestinCUItUre.”可知

CUlTy認(rèn)為經(jīng)典培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對(duì)文化的興趣。故選B。

11.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Withoutbackgroundandlifeexperiences,studentscan,tunderstandwhat

writerswanttoexpressintheirclassics.Whilereading,somestudentsmainlypayattentionto

wordsandexpressionsratherthanthehiddenideas.Forthisreason,readingclassicsmightbea

WaSteOftime."（沒有背景和生活經(jīng)歷，學(xué)生們無法理解作家想要在他們的經(jīng)典作品中表達(dá)

什么。在閱讀時(shí)，一些學(xué)生主要關(guān)注單詞和表達(dá)，而不是隱藏的思想。因此，閱讀經(jīng)典可能

是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。）可知Frank認(rèn)為經(jīng)典名著不值得讀，因?yàn)閷W(xué)生可能會(huì)更注意單詞和表達(dá)，故

選C。

12.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“AsFrancisBaconsaid,'Readingmakesafullman;conference（談話）a

readyman;andwritinganexactman.'"以及"AstheoldChinesesayinggoes,?Onewhoisfilled

withknowledgealwaysbehavesWelLE可知Linda和Curry都通過引用名言來解釋他們的想法,

故選C。

13.主旨大意題。根據(jù)"Nowadays,expertscallonhighschoolstudentstoreadasmanyliterary

ClaSSiCS（文學(xué)名著）aspossible.WhatdoyouthinkOfit?”可知本文主要談?wù)摿烁咧猩欠駪?yīng)該

讀文學(xué)名著。故選B。

（2022?浙江衢州?統(tǒng)考中考真題）

OpinionsonLifeSkillsEducation

Althoughstudentsarebusystudying,itisimportanttorememberanotherareaofstudylife

skills,suchaswashingclothesandgrowingvegetables.Theyareusefulinourdailylife.Hereare

someopinionsaboutlifeskillseducation.

Mrs.BIair

ChildrenneedtoIeammostofthelifeskillsatschool.Asparents,wecanhelpthemtakepart

inactivitiesaroundthehouseandintheneighbourhood.

LiPing

Wehavelifeskillsclassesatschool.They,requiteuseful.Theyhelpprepareforeveryday

real-lifesituations,fromwashingdishestopreparingameal.Theseclassesgiveusknowledgewe

needtoliveonourown.

Kevin

I,mnotsurewhetheritisnecessarybecauseIhaven,ttriedlifeskillsclassesyet.Inmy

school,manystudentspaynoattentiontolearninglifeskills.Theydon,tthinkitwillimprovetheir

chancesofgettingintocollege.

Mary

Havinglifeskillsclassesatschoolisimportant.Besides,thereareotherwaysforustoIeam

lifeskills.WecanwatchvideosontheInternet.WecanalsoIeamfromourparentsandtakepart

intheactivitieswiththem.

14.InKevin,sopinion,manystudentspaynoattentiontolearninglifeskillsbecause.

A.theyarenotinterestedinitB.it,shelplessforattendingcollege

C.theyarenotsurewhattolearnD.it,suselesstoimprovelivinglevel

15.AccordingtoLiPing,whatcanWegetfromlifeskillseducation?

A.Knowledgeforcollege.B.Chancestohelpourneighbours.

C.Knowledgeforlivingalone.D.Chancestolearnfromourparents.

16.Whohavethesameopiniononlifeskillseducationaccordingtothetext?

A.LiPing,KevinandMary.B.Mrs.Blair,KevinandMary.

C.Mrs.Blair,LiPingandKevin.D.Mrs.Blair,LiPingandMary.

【答案】14.B15.C16.D

【導(dǎo)語】本文介紹幾個(gè)人對(duì)于生活技能教育的看法。

14.細(xì)節(jié)理解題o根據(jù)“Inmyschool,manystudentspaynoattentiontolearninglifeskills.They

don,tthinkitwillimprovetheirchancesofgettingintoCOnege可知，許多學(xué)生不重視學(xué)習(xí)生活

技能，因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為這不會(huì)提高他們進(jìn)入大學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)。故選B。

15.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“TheseclassesgiveusknowledgeweneedtoliveonourOWn.”可知，這

些課程為我們提供了獨(dú)立生活所需的知識(shí)。故選C。

16.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Mrs.BlairChildrenneedtoIeammostofthelifeskillsatschool.,,,“Li

PingThey,requiteUSeftIL"和"MaryHavinglifeskillsclassesatschoolisimportant.“可知，Mrs.

Blair,LiPing和Mary有相同的看法，故選D。

（2022?四川廣安?統(tǒng)考中考真題）

Youmayknowabout'junkfbod''likeFrenchfries.Butdoyouknowabout'junksleep”?

Recently,aBritishsurvey（調(diào)查）showsthattherearemanyelectronicproductsinteenagers,

bedrooms.Theyareinfluencingteenagers,sleepbadly.

Thesurveywasdoneamong1,000Britishkidsfrom12to16.Itfoundthat50%ofthemgot

just4to7hours,sleepeveryday.Butdoctorssaytheyneed8to9hours.

Almost25%ofthekidssaidtheyoftenfellasleepwhiletheywerewatchingTV,listeningto

musicorusingotherelectronicproducts.

??Thisisveryworrying,,,saidDr.Chris,aBritishProfbSSOr（教授）.“Wecallit?junksleep,.It

meansyoudon,tgetenoughsleepandthequality（質(zhì)量）ofthesleepislow,too.Ifyoudon,tgeta

goodrest,youwon,tdowellinschoolthenextday.”

Thesurveyfoundthatquiteafewofthekidsfelttiredeachdaybecauseofthejunksleep,

especiallygirlsbetween13and16feelingtheworst.Nearlyalltheteenagershaveaphone,MP5

orTVintheirbedrooms.Andlotsofthemevenhaveallthethree.

Dr.Chrissuggestedthatparentsshouldhelptheirchildrenkeepawayfromelectronic

products,andteenagersshouldspendlesstimeontheelectronicproducts.

17.Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?

A.Junkfood.B.Junksleep.

C.Electronicproducts.D.Theimportanceofsleep.

18.Howmanyofthechildrensleeponly4to7hoursadayinthesurvey?

A.200.B.250.C.500.D.1000.

19.“Junkfbod^^and?junksleep“aresimilartoeachotherbecause.

A.theyarebothlowinqualityB.theyarebothneededinourlife

C.theyarebothenjoyedatweekendsD.theyarebothnecessaryforpeople,shealth

20.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Teenagersof12to16onlyneed4to7hours,sleepeachday.

B.Fewoftheteenagershaveelectronicproductsintheirbedrooms.

C.Teenagersspendtoomuchtimeonelectronicproducts.

D.Girlsbetween13and16spendtheleasttimeonelectronicproducts.

21.Whichofthefollowingshouldbethebestwaytosolvetheproblem?

A.Parentsmusttaketheelectronicproductsawayfromtheirchildren.

B.Parentsstoptheteenagersfromusinganyelectronicproduct.

C.Teenagersshoulddecidenottousetheelectronicproducts.

D.Teenagersshouldspendlesstimeontheelectronicproducts.

【答案】°.B18.C19.A20.C21.D

【導(dǎo)語】本文講述青少年床上的電子產(chǎn)品會(huì)影響到他們的睡眠，導(dǎo)致垃圾睡眠。

17.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“junkSIeeP"及"therearemanyelectronicproductsinteenagers9

bedrooms.Theyareinfluencingteenagers,sleepbadly”,可知文章主要介紹了垃圾睡眠。故選B。

18.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Thesurveywasdoneamong1,000Britishkidsfrom12to16.It

foundthat50%ofthemgotjust4to7hours'sleepeveιyday”可知，有1000個(gè)孩子參與調(diào)查，

其中50%的孩子每天只睡4到7小時(shí)，可知只睡四到七個(gè)小時(shí)的人數(shù)是1000x50%=50。人。

故選C。

19.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Wecallit?junksleep,.Itmeansyoudon,tgetenoughsleepandthe

qualityofthesleepisbad,too”可知，垃圾睡眠指睡眠質(zhì)量不好，垃圾食品指的是質(zhì)量不好的

食品，可推斷兩者質(zhì)量都不好。故選A。

20.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"parentsshouldhelptheirchildrenkeepawayfromelectronic

products,andteenagersshouldspendlesstimeontheelectronicproducts”父母應(yīng)該幫助孩子遠(yuǎn)

離電子產(chǎn)品，青少年花費(fèi)在電子產(chǎn)品上的時(shí)間應(yīng)該更少?？芍?，青少年花費(fèi)在電子產(chǎn)品上的

時(shí)間太多了。故選C。

21.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"parentsshouldhelptheirchildrenkeepawayfromelectronic

products,andteenagersshouldspendlesstimeontheelectronicPrOdUCtS”可知,電子產(chǎn)品影響青

少年的睡眠，解決問題的最好的辦法是花更少的時(shí)間在電子產(chǎn)品上。故選D。

（2022?北京?統(tǒng)考中考真題）

APathway（路徑）toMeaninginLife

Whenitcomestoameaningfullife,wemightthinkoflove,happinessandhealth.Alife

filledwithmeaningiswhatmostofuswantforourselves.Then,whatmakesameaningfullife?

Manyresearchersagreethatameaningfullifecomesdowntothreefactors（因素）：having

long-termgoals,believingthatone,slifematters,andfeelingthatone,slifefitstogetherand

“makessense,?

Butwebelievethereismoretoconsider.Sometimeslifeenablesustoexperiencesmall

momentsofbeauty.Whenpeopleareopentoappreciating（欣賞）suchexperiences,these

momentsmayimprovehowtheyseetheirownlife.Wecallthisexperientialappreciation（EA）.

EAisaboutthepersonfeelingconnectedtoeventsandbeingabletoappreciatethevaluewithin

theconnection.Itshowsthediscoveryofandadmirationforlife,sbeauty.

WerecentlysetouttobetterunderstandEAinstudies.WewereinterestedinwhetherEAwas

alsotiedtogeneraljudgmentofmeaninginlife.Ifso,itcouldbeafactorformeaningfulness.

Inthefirststudy,Wehadpeoplerate（評(píng)估）theirsupportfordifferentmethodsofreducing

stress.Wefoundthatpeoplewhomanagedstressbyfocusingontheirappreciationforlife,s

beautyalsoreportedexperiencinglifeashighlymeaningful.

Inthenextstudy,weaskedpeopletoratethedegreetowhichtheyagreedwithvarious

statements,suchas“Iappreciatethebeautyoflife,'and'Tappreciatelittlethingsin?ife,^^aswell

asotherstatementsthatrelatedtothethreefactorsandageneralsenseofmeaninginlife.Our

resultsshowedthatthemorepeoplereportedthattheywere''appreciatinglif?''anditsmany

experiences,themoretheyfeittheirlifewasvaluable.

Inthefollowingstudies,wefurtherlookedattheconnectionbetweenEAandmeaningfulness.

Forexample,wefoundthatpeoplewhowereaskedtolookbackonthemostmeaningfuleventof

thepastweekgenerallyreportedhighEAinthosemoments.

Alltheresultsprovedourtheory（假設(shè)）true.Butputtingitintopracticecanbedifficult.Our

fast-pacedlifestylesfillthedaywithgoals.Wetrytogetthehighestoutputbothatworkandin

sparetime.Thisfocusonfutureoutcomesmakesitalltooeasytomisswhatishappeningright

now.Weshouldslowdownandletlifesurpriseus.

22.YouweremostprobablyintheEAconditionwhen.

A.youmadeatravelplanforthecomingholiday

B.youhurriedtoservethecustomersinthestore

C.youpracticedhardtobecomethebestviolinist

D.youstoppedtoadmiretherosesbytheroadside

23.WhatcanweIeamfromthestudiesmentionedinthepassage?

A.Thinkingbacktothepastweakensoursenseofmeaning.

B.Enjoyingsmallthingscaninfluenceourattitudetowardlife.

C.Properstressmanagementisthekeytolivingasatisfyinglife.

D.Goodjudgmentonbeautyimprovesconnectionsamongpeople.

24.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellus?

A.Itiseasierforresults-drivenpeopletoachievesuccess.

B.Weoftenturnablindeyetothepresentmoment.

C.Afast-pacedlifestylehelpsusreachourgoals.

D.Futurelifewillbringusmanymoresu?prises.

25.Whatisthewriter,smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?

A.Toexplainhowtodiscoverbeautyinlife.

B.Todiscusswhatthetruemeaningoflifeis.

C.Tointroduceanewfactorforameaningfullife.

D.Tocomparedifferentfactorsformeaningfulness.

【答案】22.D23.B24.B25.C

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文，討論是什么讓生活變得有意義。

22.推理判斷題。根據(jù)"Whenpeopleareopentoappreciating（欣賞）suchexperiences,these

momentsmayimprovehowtheyseetheirownlife.Wecallthisexperientialappreciation（EA）.^^

可知，當(dāng)人們樂于欣賞這樣的經(jīng)歷時(shí)，這些時(shí)刻可能會(huì)改善他們對(duì)自己生活的看法，我們稱

之為體驗(yàn)欣賞。選項(xiàng)D“你停下來欣賞路邊的玫瑰”符合，故選D。

23.推理判斷題。根據(jù)"Sometimeslifeenablesustoexperiencesmallmomentsofbeauty.When

peopleareopentoappreciating（欣賞）suchexperiences,thesemomentsmayimprovehowthey

SeetheirOWnlife.”可知，生活讓我們體驗(yàn)到美麗的小瞬間，當(dāng)人們樂于欣賞這樣的經(jīng)歷時(shí)，

這些時(shí)刻可能會(huì)改善他們對(duì)自己生活的看法。故選BC

24.段落大意題。根據(jù)"Thisfocusonfutureoutcomesmakesitalltooeasytomisswhatis

happeningrightnow.,,∏T?],我們經(jīng)常忽略當(dāng)下正在發(fā)生的?切。故選B。

25.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段"ButWebelievethereismoretoConSider.”本文主要討論有意義

的生活的一個(gè)新的要素，故選C。

（2022?湖南永州?統(tǒng)考中考真題）

OnAugust30,2021,theChinesegovernmentannouncedthatkidswouldnotbeallowedto

playonlinegamesMondaystoThursdays.Onweekendsandholidays,kidswouldbeIimiIed（限制）

toanhouradayofonlinegaming."Recently,manyparentshavereportedthatplayinggames

crazilyamongsomeyouthsandchildrenisseriouslyhaπningtheirnoπ^nalstudy,lifeandhealth.,,

theChinesegovernmentsaidonline.Thisnewsgotusthinking.Shouldthegovernmentbe

responsibleforlimitinghowmuchtimekidsspendonline?Herearesomestudents,opinions.

EsmeMcNeely,11

Thegovernmentshouldnotsetscreen-timelimits.Thatdecisionshouldbeuptoparents.

Somechildrenneedtousescreensforhomework.AndduringtheCOVID-19,oneoftheonly

waystotalktofriendswasonline.Governmentlimitswouldnotbefairtopeoplewhoarecareful

withtheirscreentime.

LucasBarone,1?

Thegovernmentshouldnotlimitscreentime.A2021studyfromtheUniversityofColorado

Bouldersaysscreentimemightbelessharmfultokidsthanpeoplethink.Someparentsworrythat

childrenonlinetoomuchwon,tmakefriends.Butthestudyreportsthatscreentimecanactually

improvekids,friendships.Infact,screentimecanbeeducational.Iusewebsitestoreadandto

learnmath.

XiuhanZhu,9

Ithinkthegovernmentshouldtakeactionandlimitscreentimeforkids.Toomuchscreen

timecanleadtotirednessandlesssocialtime.Peoplewhousesmartphonesaremorelikelytoget

intocaraccidents.Electricalproductslikecomputerscanalsobeharmfulforkids.Ifkidsaren,t

carefulwiththewebsitestheyuse,criminalscangetimportantinformation.

NingLi,10

MostpeoplespendtoomuchtimeontheirphonesandTVs.Theyhurttheireyesandwaste

theirtime.AndwatchingalotofTVorplayinggamescaninfluencekids,learningandsocial

skills.Ifthegovernmentlimitedscreentime,peoplewouldbeencouragedtospendmoretime

withtheirfamily.Theymightjoinasportsteamintheirneighborhood.

26.Whenarekidsallowedtoplayonlinegamesforanhouraday?

A.OnMondays.B.OnWednesday.C.Onweekends.

27.Whoisagainstscreen-timelimits?

A.EsmeMcNeely.B.XiuhanZhu.C.NingLi.

28.WhatdoesthestudyfromheUniversityofColoradoBouldershow?

A.Screentimemightdonoharmtokids.

B.Screentimecanimprovekids,friendships.

C.Screentimewon,thelpkidsmakefriends.

29.WhatareNingLi,sopinionsaboutscreen-timelimits?

A.Toomuchscreentimecanleadtotiredness.

B.Criminalscangetimportantinformationeasily.

C.Peopleareencouragedtospendmoretimewiththeirfamily.

30.Whatisthearticlemainlyabout?

A.Screentimecanbeeducational.

B.Screentimecanleadtolesssocialtime.

C.Whetherthegovernmentshouldsetscreen-timelimits.

【答案】26.C27.A28.B29.C30.C

【導(dǎo)語】本文針對(duì)政府是否應(yīng)該負(fù)責(zé)限制孩子們花在網(wǎng)上的時(shí)間，幾個(gè)孩子給出了自己的看

法。

26.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Onweekendsandholidays,kidswouldbeIimited（限制）Ioanhouraday

OfOnIinegaming”可知，在周末和節(jié)假日，孩子們每天只能玩一個(gè)小時(shí)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲。故選C。

27.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“EsmeMcNeely,11...Thegovernm