高中英語語法過關(guān)輔導(dǎo)課件-非謂語動詞

Theboysitting

byadogisfat.Thehousebeingbuilt

inthestreetisashop.A

hurricane

struck

the

city,causing

muchdamage.

Playingthepianoisveryinteresting.ThismusicisinterestingBabiesareinterestedinmusic.MichaelputupapictureofYaoMingbesidethebedtokeephimselfremindedofhisowndreams.Hedeterminedtorescue

histwopartners1.admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，finish，imagine，keepmind，miss，practise，risk，resist，suggestburstout，can’tstand，endup，giveup，feellike，keepon，insiston，lookforwardto，putoff，devote...to，objectto，bebusy(in)，getdownto，havedifficulty/trouble(in)，

haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in)2.afford，agree，ask，decide，desire，expect，fail，hope，managepromise，pretend，plan，intend，refuse，wish3.tell，want，wish，advise，order，require，expect，remind，persuade，encourage，convince，force，beg，allow，forbidfeel，hear，see，watch，notice，observehave，let，make,keep,leave,

?？键c(diǎn)1.非謂語作狀語2.非謂語作定語3.非謂語作賓語

admit,avoid,appreciate,allow,imagine,mind,practice

agree,promisechoose,pretend,fail,manage,demand4.非謂語做賓補(bǔ)get,have,make,leave,keep,see,hear,…5.非謂語與獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)6.非謂語與with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)7.非謂語與狀語從句的省略1.see，hear，notice，observe，watch，listento，lookat，have，keep，leave，find，catch，feelleave后接三種形式作賓補(bǔ)時，意為“使……處于某種狀態(tài)”。a.~sb.doingsth.讓某人一直做某事〔賓語和賓補(bǔ)之間是主謂關(guān)系表示動作正在進(jìn)行〕b.~sth.undone留下某事未做leave〔賓語和賓補(bǔ)之間是動賓關(guān)系，表示被動和完成，一般以undone.unfinished,unsettled,untouched為多〕c.~sb.todosth.留下某人做某事d.~sth.tobedone留下某事要做〔不定式表示將來的動作〕It’swrongofyoutoleavethemachinerunning.Theguestsleftmostofthedishesuntouched，becausetheydidn’ttastedelicious.Heleft，leavingmetodoalltherestwork.have，get后接三種形式作賓補(bǔ)時，其中have，get表示“使、讓、叫”之意?！?〕havesth.done＝getsth.done“使/讓某事由別人去做”。I’llhave/getmybikerepairedtomorrow.【注】havesth.done還表示“使遭受……”之意。Tomhadhislegbrokenwhileplayingfootball.Thepeasantshadthetractorworkingdayandnightattheharvesttime.Thecaptaingotthesoldiersmovingtowardthefrontafterashortrest.過關(guān)落實(shí)1.—Thelastone________paysthemeal.—Agreed!A.arrivedB.arrivesC.toarriveD.arriving

2.Ismellsomething________inthekitchen.CanIcallyoubackinaminute?A.burningB.burntC.beingburntD.tobeburnt3.Atthebeginningoftheclass，thenoiseofdesks________couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.A.openedandclosedB.tobeopenedandclosedC.beingopenedandclosedD.toopenandclose4.Theflowershisfriendgavehimwilldieunless________everyday.A.wateredB.wateringC.waterD.towater5.Asaresultoftheseriousflood，two-thirdsofthebuildingsinthearea________.A.needrepairingB.needstorepairC.needsrepairingD.needtorepair

6.Youcan’timaginewhatdifficultywehad________homeinthesnowstorm.A.walkedB.walkC.towalkD.walking7.—Robertisindeedawiseman.—Oh，yes.HowoftenIhaveregretted________hisadvice!A.totakeB.takingC.nottotakeD.nottaking

8.Thecountryhasalreadysentupthreeunmannedspacecraft，themostrecent________attheendoflastMarch.A.hasbeenlaunchedB.havingbeenlaunchedC.beinglaunchedD.tobelaunched9.—Comeon，pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.—Sorry.Withsomuchwork________mymind，Ialmostbreakdown.A.filledB.fillingC.tofillD.beingfilled

10.Asthelightturnedgreen，Istoodforamoment，not________，andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo.A.movedB.movingC.tomoveD.beingmoved11.Ican’tstand________withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses________talkingwhilesheworks.A.working；stoppingB.towork；stoppingC.working；tostopD.towork；tostop12.Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly________thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.A.tobetoldB.totellC.toldD.telling13.Itisdifficulttoimaginehis________thedecisionwithoutanyconsideration.A.toacceptB.acceptC.acceptingD.accepted

14.RussandEarlwereautomechanics________thesamepay，butEarlhadmoreambition.A.toearnB.tohaveearnedC.earningD.earned15.InthedreamPetersawhimself______byafiercewolf，andhewokesuddenlywithastart.A.chasedB.tobechasedC.bechasedD.havingbeenchased

(八)非謂語動詞一、動詞不定式1.動詞不定式的句法功能

(1)不定式作主語

ToknowsomethingaboutEnglishisonething；toknowEnglishisquiteanother.

此時，常用it作形式主語，而把不定式放在句子的后部。

Itisn’teasyforhertofindanewjob.(2)不定式作賓語①不定式可作某些動詞的賓語，常見的動詞有：afford，

agree，ask，decide，desire，expect，fail，hope，manage，

promise，pretend，plan，intend，refuse，wish等。

Ipromisednottobelate.②介詞but/except后接不定式作賓語時，如前面有實(shí)義動詞do，不定式就要省略to。

Ithasnochoicebuttoliedownandsleep.Theydidnothingbutcomplain.(3)不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語①某些動詞如tell，want，wish，advise，order，require，

expect，remind，persuade，encourage，convince，force，beg，

allow，forbid等后可接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。

Mydoctoradvisedmetotakearest.②某些感官動詞如feel，hear，see，watch，notice，observe等或使役動詞如have，let，make等后面可接不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。但如果句子變成被動語態(tài)時，就必須帶to符號。

Didyounoticeanyonegointothehouse?Wasanyonenoticedtogointothehouse?③某些動詞如find，feel，think，expect，consider，make等后可接不定式作賓語，但賓語后要接形容詞或名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，而且要用it作形式賓語。Newsservicesmakeitpossiblefornewspaperstogivetheirreadersnewsfromaroundtheworld.(4)不定式作定語DoyouhavetheabilitytoreadandwriteEnglish?①作定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞是不定式動作的地點(diǎn)、工具等，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith.②不定式作定語一般表示將來的動作，但修飾有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級限定的名詞時，那么表示已完成的動作。Iborrowedsomebookstoreadduringmyholiday.ShewasthefirstwomantowinthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.(5)不定式作狀語①不定式一般作目的狀語，還可用短語inorderto或soasto。Hesatdowntohavearest.②不定式有時可作結(jié)果狀語，表示意想不到的結(jié)果，還可用onlyto。Heleft，nevertoreturn.Heliftedastoneonlytodropitonhisownfeet.③不定式可用在以下句子中表示結(jié)果：Hewassocarelessastoforgettolockthedoor.④不定式可作評注性狀語，用以修飾整個句子。

Tobehonest，Iknownothingaboutit.(6)不定式作表語

Thefirststepistocheckthevictim’sbreathing.AllIdidwas(to)pressthebutton.(7)“疑問詞＋不定式”在句中可充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語。

Whenandwheretoholdthemeetingisnotknownyet.Ididn’tknowwhethertolaughorcryaboutit.【注】此時不可用iftodo結(jié)構(gòu)。2.不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)時態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般時todotobedone進(jìn)行時tobedoing完成時tohavedonetohavebeendone(1)不定式的時態(tài)①不定式的一般式表示將來要發(fā)生的動作或表示一種狀態(tài)。

Iwishtofinishmybusinessandgetaway.Hepretendedtobeasleepwhenhismothercamein.②不定式的進(jìn)行式表示不定式動作仍在進(jìn)行之中。

Ithappenedtoberaininghardwhentheaccidentoccurred.③不定式的完成式表示不定式動作已完成或發(fā)生在句子的謂語動詞之前。Heisgenerallyconsideredtohaveinventedthetelephone.(2)不定式的語態(tài)當(dāng)不定式與自己的邏輯主語之間是主動關(guān)系時，用主動語態(tài)；如果是被動關(guān)系那么用被動語態(tài)。Herefusedtogoabroad.Herefusedtobetakenabroad.【注】以下情況下不定式用主動形式表達(dá)被動意義：①不定式作定語時。Shehasasistertolookafter.②不定式放在形容詞之后時。Thisbookisdifficulttounderstand.③個別動詞用在“be＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中表將來或應(yīng)該時。Ithinkheistoblame.我認(rèn)為他應(yīng)該受到責(zé)備。3.不定式的省略問題有時為了防止重復(fù)，不定式可用省略形式，但常常要保存不定式符號to。這種情況常出現(xiàn)在動詞expect，hope，wish，mean，prefer，care，forget，want，try或beglad，behappy或wouldlike/love等后面。如果不定式中含有be，have，havebeen時，這些詞也可保存。Ihaven’tbeentoHongKong，butIwishto.“Ididn’ttellhimthenews.”“Oh，yououghttohave.”二、動名詞1.動名詞的功能(1)動名詞作主語Watchingthemisathrillingexperience.【注】有時用it作形式主語，而把動詞的-ing形式放在句子的后部。Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.(2)動名詞作賓語①以下動詞后只能接動名詞作賓語，不可接不定式作賓語：admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，finish，imagine，keep，mind，miss，practise，risk，resist，suggest等。Iadmitbreakingthewindow.②以下短語后要接動名詞作賓語：burstout，can’tstand，endup，giveup，feellike，keepon，insiston，lookforwardto，putoff，devote...to，objectto，bebusy(in)，getdownto，havedifficulty/trouble(in)，haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in)等。Hedidn’twanttoendupgoinghomealone.③以下動詞或短語后接不定式和動名詞作賓語時，意義上有所不同。Remembertoposttheletterformeonyourwaytoschool.請你在上學(xué)的路上記住替我把這封信寄出去。IrememberturningoffthelightbeforeIlefttheoffice.我記得在離開辦公室前關(guān)上了燈。④動詞like，love，prefer，hate，continue等后接不定式或動名詞作賓語均可。但如表示經(jīng)常性的動作要用動名詞，如表示具體的行為要用不定式。Ilikeswimming，butIdon’tliketoswimthisafternoon.⑤動詞allow，advise，forbid，permit等后接動名詞作賓語，但要接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。Wedon’tallowsmokinghere.Wedon’tallowstudentstosmoke.⑥動詞need，require，want作“需要”解時，其后要用動名詞的主動語態(tài)或不定式的被動語態(tài)作賓語。Thewindowneedscleaning/tobecleaned.⑦形容詞worth后要接動名詞的主動語態(tài)表達(dá)被動意義，它不同于worthy的用法。Theplaceisworthvisiting.Theplaceisworthyofbeingvisited/tobevisited.⑧介詞后要接動名詞作賓語。

Whatdoyoumeanbysayingthat?Icongratulatedthemongettingmarried.(3)動名詞作表語

Myhobbyisgrowingflowers.(4)動名詞作定語

Hehadaveryexpensivewalkingstick.2.動名詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般時doingbeingdone完成時havingdonehavingbeendoneHewentawaywithoutsayinganything.Hecameintotheroomwithoutbeingseen.I’msorryforhavingwastedsomuchofyourtime.IforgothavingbeengivenaChristmasgiftyearsago.3.動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動名詞之前有時要加上自己的邏輯主語構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，邏輯主語可用名詞的所有格或物主代詞，有時也可用名詞或賓格代詞。

Ican’timagineGeorgesailingacrosstheoceaninaboat.Mycomingbackhomelatemademymotherveryangry.三、分詞1.現(xiàn)在分詞的功能(1)現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語以下動詞后可接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)：see，hear，notice，observe，watch，listento，lookat，have，keep，leave，find，catch，feel等。Shekeptmewaitingforover20minutes.【注】如果句子改為被動語態(tài)，那么現(xiàn)在分詞那么變?yōu)橹髡Z補(bǔ)足語。Theboywascaughtcheatingintheexam.(2)現(xiàn)在分詞作表語Themovieisveryboring.(3)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時，通常表示與先行詞之間是主動關(guān)系。Thetaxitakingustotheairportbrokedown.【注】

beingdone形式表示正在進(jìn)行中的動作，且與先行詞之間是被動關(guān)系。

Thehousebeingbuiltwillserveasalibrary.

正在建的那座房子將作為圖書館用。

(4)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語①現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，可表示時間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式、伴隨狀況等。此時，現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語通常就是句子的主語，而且現(xiàn)在分詞與句子的主語之間一般具有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。

Thecupdroppedtotheground，breakingintopieces.Jackcamerunningover.【注】如果現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語不是句子的主語，就要用分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。

Weatherpermitting，we’llplaygolfthisafternoon.Weexploredthecave，Peteractingasaguide.②現(xiàn)在分詞還可作評注性狀語，表示說話人的態(tài)度，此時現(xiàn)在分詞與句子的主語無關(guān)。常見的說法有：generallyspeaking“一般來說”；franklyspeaking“坦白地說”；judgingfrom...“根據(jù)……

來判斷”；considering...“考慮到……”等。

Consideringthedistance，hearrivedveryquickly.2.現(xiàn)在分詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般時doingbeingdone完成時havingdonehavingbeendoneNotknowingheraddress，Iwasn’tabletocontacther.IsawhimbeingtakenawaywhenIpassedbyhishouse.Havingboughtourtickets，wewentintothetheatre.Havingbeentoldmanytimes，hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.3.過去分詞過去分詞一般在句中作賓補(bǔ)、表語、定語和狀語，通常表示已完成的被動動作或一種狀態(tài)。

You’dbetterhavethetelevisionrepaired.Someofthepeopleinvitedtothepartycan’tcome.Theteachercameintothelab，followedbysomestudents.Givenachance，Icansurprisetheworld.Hestoodinfrontoftheroomwithhisarmsfolded.四、不定式被動式、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式作定語1.過去分詞表示的動作或是在謂語所表示的動作之前發(fā)生，或是沒有一定的時間性。

HaveyoureadthenovelwrittenbyDickens?2.現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式作定語時表示的動作正在發(fā)生或是與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生。

Listen！Thesongbeingsungisverypopularwiththestudents.3.不定式的被動式作定語時，表示一個未來的動作。Thequestiontobediscussedattomorrow’smeetingisaveryimportantone.五、分詞、不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別1.感官動詞(see，watch，observe，lookat，hear，listento，notice等)和使役動詞have后面的賓補(bǔ)有三種形式，即原形動詞(不帶to的不定式)，現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞表主動或正在進(jìn)行，過去分詞表被動或完成，動詞原形表主動和完成。IheardhersinganEnglishsongjustnow.剛剛我聽見她唱了一首英文歌。IheardhersinginganEnglishsongwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.昨天經(jīng)過她房間時，我聽見她在唱英文歌。IheardtheEnglishsongsungmanytimes.我屢次聽到有人唱這首英文歌。2.leave后接三種形式作賓補(bǔ)時，意為“使……處于某種狀態(tài)”。sb.doingsth.讓某人一直做某事〔賓語和賓補(bǔ)之間是主謂關(guān)系表示動作正在進(jìn)行〕sth.undone留下某事未做leave〔賓語和賓補(bǔ)之間是動賓關(guān)系，表示被動和完成，一般以undone.unfinished,unsettled,untouched為多〕sb.todosth.留下某人做某事sth.tobedone留下某事要做〔不定式表示將來的動作〕It’swrongofyoutoleavethemachinerunning.Theguestsleftmostofthedishesuntouched，becausetheydidn’ttastedelicious.Heleft，leavingmetodoalltherestwork.3.have，get后接三種形式作賓補(bǔ)時，其中have，get表示“使、讓、叫”之意?！?〕havesth.done＝getsth.done“使/讓某事由別人去做”。I’llhave/getmybikerepairedtomorrow.【注】havesth.done還表示“使遭受……”之意。Tomhadhislegbrokenwhileplayingfootball.Thepeasantshadthetractorworkingdayandnightattheharvesttime.Thecaptaingotthesoldiersmovingtowardthefrontafterashortrest.【注】“havesb.doing”假設(shè)用于否認(rèn)句中，其中have有“容忍”之意。Iwon’thaveyouspeakingtoyourparentslikethat.Motherhadmegototheshopandbuysomesalt.Ican’tgethimtostopsmoking.Hewon’tlistentome.六、注意以下表達(dá)的意義區(qū)別過關(guān)落實(shí)1.—Thelastone________paysthemeal.—Agreed!A.arrivedB.arrivesC.toarriveD.arriving

解析：不定式toarrive作thelastone的后置定語，表示“最后來的那個人”。答案：C2.Ismellsomething________inthekitchen.CanIcallyoubackinaminute?A.burningB.burntC.beingburntD.tobeburnt解析：強(qiáng)調(diào)“聞到某物正在燃燒”，選擇v.-ing形式，且此處burn為不及物動詞，因此不用被動形式。答案：A3.Atthebeginningoftheclass，thenoiseofdesks________couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.A.openedandclosedB.tobeopenedandclosedC.beingopenedandclosedD.toopenandclose解析：句中意為“桌子(抽屜)正在被翻開、關(guān)上的聲音”，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作正在進(jìn)行，用beingdone。答案：C4.Theflowershisfriendgavehimwilldieunless________everyday.A.wateredB.wateringC.waterD.towater

解析：unlesswatered作條件狀語，表示條件，water因和主語

(theflowers)為動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞形式。答案：A5.Asaresultoftheseriousflood，two-thirdsofthebuildingsinthearea________.A.needrepairingB.needstorepairC.needsrepairingD.needtorepair

解析：主語中分?jǐn)?shù)修飾的名詞為復(fù)數(shù)(thebuildings)，故排除

B、C；needdoing等于needtobedone，表示被動。答案：A6.Youcan’timaginewhatdifficultywehad________homeinthesnowstorm.A.walkedB.walkC.towalkD.walking解析：havedifficulty(in)doingsth.做某事有困難，固定句型，在本句中difficulty提前了。答案：D7.—Robertisindeedawiseman.—Oh，yes.HowoftenIhaveregretted________hisadvice!A.totakeB.takingC.nottotakeD.nottaking解析：regret＋v.-ing形式表示懊悔做過某事；v.-ing形式的否定式在其前面加not。答案：D8.Thecountryhasalreadysentupthreeunmannedspacecraft，themostrecent________attheendoflastMarch.A.hasbeenlaunchedB.havingbeenlaunchedC.beinglaunchedD.tobelaunched

解析：havingbeenlaunched等于whichhasbeenlaunched，表示“已經(jīng)被發(fā)射”。答案：B9.—Comeon，pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.—Sorry.Withso