廣東省佛山市2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末中教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題【含答案解析】

2023~2024學(xué)年上學(xué)期佛山市普通高中教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)高二英語(yǔ)注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的學(xué)校、班級(jí)、姓名、考生號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上，寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分20分）第一節(jié)聽(tīng)力理解（共6小題，每小題2分，滿分12分）材料及問(wèn)題播放兩遍。每段后有三個(gè)小題，各段播放前有5秒鐘的閱題時(shí)間。請(qǐng)根據(jù)各段播放內(nèi)容及其相關(guān)小題的問(wèn)題，在5秒鐘內(nèi)從題中所給的A、B、C項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。聽(tīng)第一段材料，回答第1-3題。材料和問(wèn)題讀兩遍。1.Question1:（錄音）A.Lookingforagoodschool.BImprovingeducationquality.C.Theimportanceofeducation.2.Question2:（錄音）A.HongxingandBeihai.B.GuangmingandHongxing.C.BeihaiandGuangming.3.Question3:（錄音）A.Guangming.B.Beihai.C.Hongxing.聽(tīng)第二段材料，回答第4-6題。材料和問(wèn)題讀兩遍。4.Question4:（錄音）A.Awaiter.B.Ashopassistant.C.Azookeeper.5.Question5:（錄音）A.Sheofferedhimajob.B.Shegavehimsomeadvice.C.Sheintroducedhimtoherboss.6.Question6:（錄音）A.Itwaswell-paid.B.Itwasperfectforhim.C.Itrequiredmuchexperience.第二節(jié)回答問(wèn)題（共4小題，每小題2分，滿分8分）聽(tīng)下面一段材料，然后回答問(wèn)題。材料和問(wèn)題讀兩遍，讀完每個(gè)問(wèn)題后你將有10秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。7.Question7:（錄音）Answer:________________________8.Question8:（錄音）Answer:________________________9.Question9:（錄音）Answer:________________________10.Question10:（錄音）Answer:________________________第二部分閱讀（共三節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)閱讀理解（共10小題；每小題2分，滿分20分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AWhenLauraSmithwas14yearsold,shevolunteeredatanonprofitfoodcommunityorganization.Asshewasfillingbagswithdonated(捐贈(zèng))food,shenoticedsomethingthatdidn’tseemright:Cannedandpackagedgoodswereplentiful,butshesawnothingfreshorgreentogivetofamiliesinneed.Shethoughtitwouldbegreattochangethat.Shewantedtostartagardenonpartofherparents’farmlandtoprovidefamilieswithhome-grownproduce.Whilebeingproudofher,Laura’sfatherexpressedworryabouttheworkloadinvolved.Laurahadraisedrabbitsandlambsbefore,butshehadnevertriedgrowingvegetablesonsuchanextensivelevel.However,hesoonrealizedthathisdaughterwasready.Lauradidalotofresearchonlinetofindoutwhatworkedandwhatdidn’t,whichplantsneededshade,whichneededmorewater,andwhenwasthebesttimetoharvesteachcrop.Inspring2021Lauraplanted15typesofvegetablesonalandof5,000squaremeters.Whenthefirstgreenshootsappeared,itwasanexcitingfeeling.Yet,that’swheretherealworkbegan.“Oursummersareveryhotanddry,soIhadtowatereveryday,”saidLaura.Throughoutthesummer,shecheckedherplantsdailyforweedsandwateredthembyhand,usingtwowatertanksattachedtoafarmvehicletocontinuallyrefillherwateringcan.Laurawassoonreadytoharvestandweighherfirstcrops-thefirstbatchweighed40pounds.Shethenpackagedthemanddonatedtheproductstoeightlocalgroups.“Itfeltreallygoodtoknowthatanyonewhowantedfreshvegetablescouldgetthem,”Laurasaid.Overthepasttwoyears,Laurahasdonatedmorethan8,000poundsoffruitsandvegetables.“Laura’sconfidenceandgeneroushandinhelpingthoseinneedhavemadeagreaterimpactthanshecouldhaveimagined,”saidRemiFreeman,anofficialfromoneofthecharitygroups.“Ithelpsourmissiontoendhunger,andalsodemonstratestheselflessnessandkindnessthatissowonderfultoseeinyoungerpeople.”1.WhatinspiredLauratostartagarden?A.Herinterestingardening.B.Herparents’expectations.C.Lackoffreshproduceinthedonatedfood.D.Poorqualityofcannedandpackagedfood.2.WhatconcernedLaura’sfatheraboutherplanatfirst?A.Themoneyneeded. B.Theamountofwork.C.Herfarmingknowledge. D.Herworkingexperience.3.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Laura’shardwork. B.Laura’sambitiousplan.C.Thepoorweathercondition. D.Theskillsneededforfarming.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.AGreatGardeningDreamB.AJourneytoGreenLivingC.ACloseStudyonOrganicFoodD.AHarvestofGrowingKindness【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了14歲的LauraSmith在一家非營(yíng)利性食品社區(qū)組織做志愿者。她發(fā)現(xiàn)在捐贈(zèng)的食品當(dāng)中，缺少新鮮或綠色的蔬菜和水果，所以她決定自己在家里種植。她在兩年中捐贈(zèng)了8000多磅的水果和蔬菜，展示了年輕人的無(wú)私和善良?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Asshewasfillingbagswithdonated(捐贈(zèng))food,shenoticedsomethingthatdidn’tseemright:Cannedandpackagedgoodswereplentiful,butshesawnothingfreshorgreentogivetofamiliesinneed.(當(dāng)她把捐贈(zèng)的食物裝進(jìn)袋子時(shí)，她注意到了一些似乎不對(duì)勁的東西：罐頭和包裝食品很多，但她沒(méi)有看到任何新鮮或綠色的東西可以送給有需要的家庭)”可知，在捐贈(zèng)的食品當(dāng)中，LauraSmith發(fā)現(xiàn)缺少新鮮或綠色的蔬菜或水果，這激發(fā)了她創(chuàng)辦菜園的想法。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Whilebeingproudofher,Laura’sfatherexpressedworryabouttheworkloadinvolved.(勞拉的父親在為她感到驕傲的同時(shí)，也對(duì)所涉及的工作量表示擔(dān)憂)”可知，Laura的父親對(duì)于她將要做的工作量而擔(dān)心。故選B?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Yet,that’swheretherealworkbegan.“Oursummersareveryhotanddry,soIhadtowatereveryday,”saidLaura.Throughoutthesummer,shecheckedherplantsdailyforweedsandwateredthembyhand,usingtwowatertanksattachedtoafarmvehicletocontinuallyrefillherwateringcan.(然而，這才是真正的工作開(kāi)始的地方。勞拉說(shuō)：“我們的夏天又熱又干，所以我每天都要澆水?！?。整個(gè)夏天，她每天都要檢查植物是否有雜草，并用連接在農(nóng)用車(chē)上的兩個(gè)水箱不斷地給她的噴壺澆水)”可知，第三段主要講述了Laura在種植菜園時(shí)付出的辛苦工作。故選A。【4題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Overthepasttwoyears,Laurahasdonatedmorethan8,000poundsoffruitsandvegetables.“Laura’sconfidenceandgeneroushandinhelpingthoseinneedhavemadeagreaterimpactthanshecouldhaveimagined,”saidRemiFreeman,anofficialfromoneofthecharitygroups.“Ithelpsourmissiontoendhunger,andalsodemonstratestheselflessnessandkindnessthatissowonderfultoseeinyoungerpeople.”(在過(guò)去的兩年里，勞拉捐贈(zèng)了8000多磅的水果和蔬菜。其中一個(gè)慈善團(tuán)體的官員雷米·弗里曼說(shuō)：“勞拉在幫助那些需要幫助的人時(shí)表現(xiàn)出的自信和慷慨，產(chǎn)生了比她想象的更大的影響。”?！斑@有助于我們結(jié)束饑餓的使命，也展示了年輕人的無(wú)私和善良?！?”以及全文可知，本文主要講述了14歲的LauraSmith在一家非營(yíng)利性食品社區(qū)組織做志愿者。她發(fā)現(xiàn)在捐贈(zèng)的食品當(dāng)中，缺少新鮮或綠色的蔬菜和水果，所以她決定自己在家里種植。她在兩年中捐贈(zèng)了8000多磅的水果和蔬菜，展示了年輕人的無(wú)私和善良。所以“日益增長(zhǎng)的善意的收獲”適合作本文的標(biāo)題。故選D。BWithgrowingawarenessofthegendergapinSTEM(science,technology,engineering,mathematics)fields,wherewomenholdonly27%ofjobs,Chineseresearchershaveexploredacauseinfluencingwomen’sparticipationinSTEMcareers.Theystudiedhowteengirlscanbeinfluencedbytheirownpeerswhobelievetheinaccuratestereotype(刻板印象)thatboysarebetteratmath.Thestudyfoundthatwhensurroundedbypeersholdingthisstereotype,middle-schoolgirlsscoredloweronmathtests.Thisinfluenceevenpersistedintocollege,impactingwomen’smathperformanceandself-confidence.Theresearcherssuggestdealingwiththisissueduringthemiddleschoolperiodtoreducethenegativeimpactonwomen’slong-termSTEMengagement.Middleschoolisconsideredacriticaldevelopmentalstagewhereteensareformingastrongersenseofselfseparatefromtheirparents.Thischangeoftenmakesteensmorelikelytobeinfluencedbytheopinionsoftheirpeers.It’salsoaperiodwhen,objectivelymeasuredbystandardizedtests,girlsonaveragehavebettermathskillsthanboys.However,teensmaynotrealizeit.InsomemiddleschoolsinChina,theresearchersstudiedthepotentialroleofpeer-pressurebeliefsofthegenderedmathstereotype.Inclassroomswherethebeliefthat“boys”naturalabilityinstudyingmathisgreaterthanthatofgirls”wassignificantlyhigherthanthestandard,girls’laterperformanceonmathtestswaslowerthantheresultsforboys.Moreover,girlsintheseclassroomswerelesslikelytoparticipateinmath-relatedout-of-classactivities.Theywerealsolesslikelytofeelthattheirteacherspaidattentiontothemandofferedpraise,leadingtolowermath-relatedself-confidence.Theresearchersconcludethatpreventingtheharmfromgendermathstereotypingrequiresachangeofthesocialenvironmentforchildrenandyoungadults,inadditiontofocusingonchanginggirls’attitudesandchoices.5.Whatisthefocusofthestudy?A.InaccuratestereotypeofSTEM.B.Women’sparticipationinSTEM.C.Teengirls’academicperformance.D.Genderstereotype’sinfluenceongirls.6.WhatfactmayteensignoreaccordingtoParagraph3?A.Girlsdobetterinmaththanboys.B.Teenshavestrongself-confidence.C.Teensareexperiencingakeystage.D.Girlsareeasilyaffectedbytheirpeers.7.Girlsinclassroomswithhigherlevelsofgenderstereotypewillprobably________.A.scorehighinstandardizedtestsB.beoftenpraisedbymathteachersC.showlowconfidenceinmathtestsD.takeanactivepartinschool’smathclub【答案】5.D6.A7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，中學(xué)女生在受到同齡人的數(shù)學(xué)性別刻板印象影響時(shí)，數(shù)學(xué)考試成績(jī)會(huì)降低，這種影響甚至?xí)掷m(xù)到大學(xué)，影響女性的數(shù)學(xué)表現(xiàn)和自信心。研究人員認(rèn)為，應(yīng)在中學(xué)階段解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題，以減少對(duì)女性長(zhǎng)期從事STEM領(lǐng)域的負(fù)面影響。預(yù)防性別數(shù)學(xué)板印象的傷害需要改變兒童和年輕人的社會(huì)環(huán)境，而不僅僅是改變女孩的態(tài)度和選擇?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)第一段“WithgrowingawarenessofthegendergapinSTEM（science,technology,engineering,mathematics）fields,wherewomenholdonly27%ofjobs,Chineseresearchershaveexploredacauseinfluencingwomen’sparticipationinSTEMcareers.Theystudiedhowteengirlscanbeinfluencedbytheirownpeerswhobelievetheinaccuratestereotype（刻板印象）thatboysarebetteratmath.(隨著人們?cè)絹?lái)越意識(shí)到STEM(科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程、數(shù)學(xué))領(lǐng)域的性別差距，中國(guó)研究人員探索了影響女性參與STEM職業(yè)的原因。在STEM領(lǐng)域，女性只占27%的職位。他們研究了青少年女孩是如何受到同齡人的影響的，這些同齡人相信男孩更擅長(zhǎng)數(shù)學(xué)這一不準(zhǔn)確的刻板印象。)”可知，研究的重點(diǎn)為性別刻板印象對(duì)女孩的影響。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)第三段“Middleschoolisconsideredacriticaldevelopmentalstagewhereteensareformingastrongersenseofselfseparatefromtheirparents.Thischangeoftenmakesteensmorelikelytobeinfluencedbytheopinionsoftheirpeers.It’salsoaperiodwhen,objectivelymeasuredbystandardizedtests,girlsonaveragehavebettermathskillsthanboys.However,teensmaynotrealizeit.(中學(xué)被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)關(guān)鍵的發(fā)展階段，在這個(gè)階段，青少年與父母形成了更強(qiáng)的自我分離感。這種變化往往會(huì)使青少年更容易受到同齡人意見(jiàn)的影響。這也是一個(gè)通過(guò)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測(cè)試客觀衡量的時(shí)期，女孩的數(shù)學(xué)技能平均比男孩好。然而，青少年可能沒(méi)有意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)。)”可知，青少年可能忽略了女孩的數(shù)學(xué)比男孩好這一事實(shí)。故選A。【7題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Inclassroomswherethebeliefthat“boys”naturalabilityinstudyingmathisgreaterthanthatofgirls”wassignificantlyhigherthanthestandard,girls’laterperformanceonmathtestswaslowerthantheresultsforboys.Moreover,girlsintheseclassroomswerelesslikelytoparticipateinmath-relatedout-of-classactivities.Theywerealsolesslikelytofeelthattheirteacherspaidattentiontothemandofferedpraise,leadingtolowermath-relatedself-confidence.(在相信“男孩學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)的天賦比女孩強(qiáng)”的班級(jí)中，女孩在數(shù)學(xué)測(cè)試中的后期表現(xiàn)低于男孩。此外，這些教室里的女孩不太可能參加與數(shù)學(xué)有關(guān)的課外活動(dòng)。他們也不太可能感覺(jué)到老師對(duì)他們的關(guān)注和表?yè)P(yáng)，導(dǎo)致他們?cè)跀?shù)學(xué)方面的自信心下降。)”可知，性別刻板印象水平較高的教室里的女孩可能會(huì)在數(shù)學(xué)考試中表現(xiàn)出低信心。故選C。CAbookcalledThePowerofLanguageexploresinfluencesofspeakingmorethanonelanguageonthewaypeoplethinkandact.Languageplaysasignificantroleinallaspectsofhumansocialandcognitive（認(rèn)知的）life.Peoplecommunicatewitheachotherinalanguage.Thelanguagepeoplespeakalsoinfluencesthewaytheythink.Theseeffectsbecomeevenmorecomplexwhenpeoplespeakmorethanonelanguage.Ifyouspeakmorethanonelanguage,chancesareyouusethemindifferentsituations.Youmayspeakonelanguageathomeandanotheratwork.Ifyouareaskedtothinkaboutsomethingfuninthelanguageyouspeakathome,youaremorelikelytothinkofaneventwithyourfamily,butwhenaskedinthelanguageyouspeakatwork,youwillthinkofanenjoyableinteractionwithcolleagues.Thelanguageusedtoanswerthequestionmakesiteasiertothinkofmemoriesassociatedwithusingthatlanguage.Thememoriesyouareremindedofinasituationaffectwhatyouarelikelytodoandevenhowyouarelikelytofeelinthatsituation.Inaddition,propertiesofthelanguagecanaffectyourdecisions.Inthebook,thewriterpointsoutthatsomelanguages（likeEnglish）requireyoutousedifferenttenseswhentalkingabouteventsinthepresentandthefuture.Otherlanguages（likeGermanandChinese）donot.Existingevidencesuggeststhatpeoplewhospeaklanguageswhosegrammarusesadifferenttensebetweenpresentandfuturearelesslikelytomakechoicesthatbenefittheirfutureselvesthanpeoplewhospeaklanguagesthatdonot.Consequently,theactionsyoutakewhenspeakingdifferentlanguagescanhaveverydifferentinfluencesonyourfuture.8.HowdoesthewriterexplaintheinfluenceoflanguageinParagraph3?A.Byexplainingfacts. B.Bygivingexamples.C.Bymakingstatements. D.Bysharingexperiences.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“properties”mean?A.Features. B.Types. C.Origins. D.Impacts.10.Whatcanwelearnaboutpeople’sdecision-makingfromthelastparagraph?A.Itisrelatedtotheirmasteryofgrammar.B.Itismainlybasedonpersonalexpectations.C.Itislinkedwiththenumberoflanguagestheyuse.D.Itcanbeaffectedbythetensesusedinalanguage.【答案】8.B9.A10.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一本名為《語(yǔ)言的力量》的書(shū)，書(shū)中探討了會(huì)說(shuō)多種語(yǔ)言對(duì)人們思考和行動(dòng)方式的影響?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第3段“Youmayspeakonelanguageathomeandanotheratwork.Ifyouareaskedtothinkaboutsomethingfuninthelanguageyouspeakathome,youaremorelikelytothinkofaneventwithyourfamily,butwhenaskedinthelanguageyouspeakatwork,youwillthinkofanenjoyableinteractionwithcolleagues.(你可能在家里說(shuō)一種語(yǔ)言，在工作中說(shuō)另一種語(yǔ)言。如果你被要求用你在家里說(shuō)的語(yǔ)言來(lái)想一些有趣的事情，你更有可能想到與家人的一件事，但當(dāng)你被要求用你在工作中說(shuō)的語(yǔ)言來(lái)想時(shí)，你會(huì)想到與同事的愉快互動(dòng)。)”可知，作者通過(guò)舉例來(lái)說(shuō)明語(yǔ)言的影響的。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Inthebook,thewriterpointsoutthatsomelanguages(likeEnglish)requireyoutousedifferenttenseswhentalkingabouteventsinthepresentandthefuture.Otherlanguages(likeGermanandChinese)donot.(在書(shū)中，作者指出，有些語(yǔ)言(比如英語(yǔ))要求你在談?wù)摤F(xiàn)在和將來(lái)的事件時(shí)使用不同的時(shí)態(tài)。其他語(yǔ)言(如德語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ))則沒(méi)有。)”可知，語(yǔ)言是有不同特性的，所以劃線詞的意思是“特性、特點(diǎn)”。故選A項(xiàng)。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Existingevidencesuggeststhatpeoplewhospeaklanguageswhosegrammarusesadifferenttensebetweenpresentandfuturearelesslikelytomakechoicesthatbenefittheirfutureselvesthanpeoplewhospeaklanguagesthatdonot.(現(xiàn)有證據(jù)表明，與不說(shuō)現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的人相比，說(shuō)語(yǔ)法在現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)之間使用不同時(shí)態(tài)的語(yǔ)言的人不太可能做出有利于未來(lái)自我的選擇。)”可知，人們的決策會(huì)受到語(yǔ)言中使用的時(shí)態(tài)的影響。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)語(yǔ)句排序（共5小題，每小題2分，滿分10分）11.將下列幾個(gè)部分(A、B、C、D和E)按題號(hào)排序，構(gòu)成一個(gè)符合邏輯的完整語(yǔ)篇。A.Itiscalledrucking,atermfromruckmarching,whichisaskillthatmilitariesaroundtheworldhavelongusedfortraining.B.Ruckinginvolveswalkingwithaweightedbackpack.It’saneasywaytostrengthenyourheartandmuscleswithouthurtingthejoints(關(guān)節(jié)).C.Anyonewhowalkedtoschoolwithabackpackfullofbookshasalreadytriedanexerciseroutinethatisgettingpopularinthefitnessworld.D.Evenpeopleeagerformoreexerciseshouldprogressslowly.Shoesthatfitwellcanhelpyouavoidadditionalfootpressureandsafelywalkonanunevenland.E.Aswithanynewphysicalactivity,newcomersshouldstartruckingwithslowandstablesteps.Ifyoudon’thavebasicconditioning,trywalkingtheexpecteddistancewithaverylightpackfirst.Thenslowlyaddmoreweight.________→________→________→________→________【答案】①.C②.A③.B④.E⑤.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了一種新的鍛煉方式——背包鍛煉?！驹斀狻緾項(xiàng)“Anyonewhowalkedtoschoolwithabackpackfullofbookshasalreadytriedanexerciseroutinethatisgettingpopularinthefitnessworld.(任何曾背著裝滿書(shū)的背包走路上學(xué)的人都已經(jīng)嘗試過(guò)一種在健身界越來(lái)越流行的鍛煉方式)”中提到一種在健身界越來(lái)越流行的鍛煉方式，引出文章話題，所以C項(xiàng)排在第一位；A項(xiàng)“Itiscalledrucking,atermfromruckmarching,whichisaskillthatmilitariesaroundtheworldhavelongusedfortraining.(它被稱(chēng)為“背包鍛煉”，源自“背包行軍”，這是世界各地軍隊(duì)長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)用于訓(xùn)練的一種技能)”承接上文，介紹這種鍛煉方式的名稱(chēng)和它的起源，上下文銜接自然，故A項(xiàng)排在第二位；B項(xiàng)“Ruckinginvolveswalkingwithaweightedbackpack.It’saneasywaytostrengthenyourheartandmuscleswithouthurtingthejoints(關(guān)節(jié)).(背包鍛煉需要背著一個(gè)加重的背包。這是一種既能增強(qiáng)心臟和肌肉又不傷害關(guān)節(jié)的簡(jiǎn)單方法)”承接上文，在上文介紹了名稱(chēng)和起源后，接著介紹“背包鍛煉”的具體方式和帶來(lái)的好處，上下文語(yǔ)意連貫，故B項(xiàng)排在第三位；E項(xiàng)“Aswithanynewphysicalactivity,newcomersshouldstartruckingwithslowandstablesteps.Ifyoudon’thavebasicconditioning,trywalkingtheexpecteddistancewithaverylightpackfirst.Thenslowlyaddmoreweight.(與任何新的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)一樣，新手應(yīng)該以緩慢而穩(wěn)定的步伐開(kāi)始。如果你沒(méi)有基本的條件，試著先帶一個(gè)非常輕的背包走一段預(yù)期的距離。然后慢慢增加重量)”承接上文，就鍛煉中注意的事項(xiàng)提出建議：以緩慢而穩(wěn)定的節(jié)奏開(kāi)始，慢慢增加重量，故E項(xiàng)排在第四位；D項(xiàng)“Evenpeopleeagerformoreexerciseshouldprogressslowly.Shoesthatfitwellcanhelpyouavoidadditionalfootpressureandsafelywalkonanunevenland.(即使是渴望更多鍛煉的人也應(yīng)該慢慢來(lái)。合腳的鞋子可以幫助你避免額外的腳部壓力，安全地在不平坦的土地上行走)”承接E項(xiàng)中的建議，再次強(qiáng)調(diào)要“慢慢來(lái)”，同時(shí)對(duì)鍛煉時(shí)穿什么鞋提出建議。故答案為：C→A→B→E→D。第三節(jié)選句填空（共5小題，每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。HealthyEatingThereismuchdebatenowadaysastowhatmakesupahealthydiet.Forexample,scientistshaveinsistedforyearsthatabigenemyofhealthisfattyfood.____12____Peoplewhoreceive25%oftheirdailycalories(熱量)ormorethroughsugararetwiceaslikelytodiefromheartdiseasethanpeoplewhoreceivelessthan10%aday.____13____Onaverage,peopleget1/3oftheirsugarthroughsweetdrinksalone.Youneedtolimityourselvestolessthan100-150caloriesadayfromsugar.Inotherwords,ifyouwanttobehealthy,youhavetocutdownondesserts,andcutoutsweetdrinksaltogether.Beyondthis,youcankeephealthybyconsumingdifferenttypesoffreshfoods,whicharefullofvitaminsandfibre,ratherthanprocessedfoods.Itisalsoimportanttohavesomemeat,beans,ordairyproductsinyourdiet.Aswitheverythinginlife,moderation(適度)iskey.____14____Finally,akeytohealthyeatingistoeatslowly.Ittakesabouttwentyminutesfromthetimeyoustarteatingforyourbraintotellyourbodythatyouarefull.____15____Inaddition,studiesshowthatconsistenteatinghabits,forexample,takingthreemealsadayatthesametimeeachday,arebetterforourhealth.Thereisnoonesecrettohealthyeating.____16____Onequestionyoucanaskyourselfis,“DoIeattolive,orlivetoeat?”Itisuptoyoutodecidehowyouwanttolive,andtomaketherightdecisionsaboutyourdiet.A.Itstartswithhavingahealthyattitudetowardsfood.B.Healthyfoodshelpprotectyouagainstlotsofdiseases.C.Processedfoodsoftencontainalargeamountofsugar.D.Muchofextrasugarcomesfromsweetsandsweetdrinks.E.Whatthismeansisthatpeoplewhoeattooquicklyendupeatingtoomuch.F.Theidealdietisabalancedone,withouttoomuchortoolittleofanyonething.G.However,thereisincreasingevidencethattherealdriverofpoorhealthissugar.【答案】12G13.D14.F15.E16.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了養(yǎng)成健康飲食習(xí)慣的一些方法策略?！?2題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Peoplewhoreceive25%oftheirdailycalories(熱量)ormorethroughsugararetwiceaslikelytodiefromheartdiseasethanpeoplewhoreceivelessthan10%aday.”（每天從糖中攝取25%或以上熱量的人死于心臟病的可能性是每天攝入少于10%熱量的人的兩倍。）可知，健康狀況不佳的真正罪魁禍?zhǔn)资翘?。故G選項(xiàng)“然而，越來(lái)越多的證據(jù)表明，健康狀況不佳的真正罪魁禍?zhǔn)资翘??！鼻蓄}。故選G項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Onaverage,peopleget1/3oftheirsugarthroughsweetdrinksalone.”（人們平均有三分之一的糖分來(lái)自甜飲料）推知，空處說(shuō)明糖的來(lái)源。故D選線“很多額外的糖來(lái)自甜食和甜飲料”切題。故選D項(xiàng)。【14題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Aswitheverythinginlife,moderation(適度)iskey”（和生活中的所有事情一樣，適度是關(guān)鍵）可知，選項(xiàng)承接上文具體說(shuō)明適度性。故F選項(xiàng)“理想的飲食是均衡的，一種東西不能太多也不能太少?！鼻蓄}。故選F項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Finally,akeytohealthyeatingistoeatslowly.Ittakesabouttwentyminutesfromthetimeyoustarteatingforyourbraintotellyourbodythatyouarefull.”（最后，健康飲食的關(guān)鍵是慢慢吃。從你開(kāi)始吃東西到你的大腦告訴你的身體你已經(jīng)吃飽了大約需要20分鐘。）可知，選項(xiàng)承接上文說(shuō)明吃的太快會(huì)產(chǎn)生不好的影響。故E選項(xiàng)“這意味著吃得太快的人最終會(huì)吃得太多”切題。故選E項(xiàng)。【16題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Onequestionyoucanaskyourselfis,“DoIeattolive,orlivetoeat?”Itisuptoyoutodecidehowyouwanttolive,andtomaketherightdecisionsaboutyourdiet.（你可以問(wèn)自己一個(gè)問(wèn)題:“我是為了活著而吃，還是為了吃而活著?”這取決于你決定你想要如何生活，并對(duì)你的飲食做出正確的決定。）”可知，要對(duì)食物有個(gè)健康的態(tài)度。故A選項(xiàng)“以對(duì)食物有一個(gè)健康的態(tài)度開(kāi)始”切題。故選A項(xiàng)。第三部分綜合應(yīng)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。10-year-oldJackcreatedaplasticminifigure(人偶)thatlooksmuchlikehim.Fondlynamed“MiniJack,”thetoywascarriedwithhimwhereverhewent.Oneday,afterarrivingatschool,Jack____17____dugintohisbackpacktofindMiniJack.Hewasovercomebyawaveof____18____afterrealizingithadslippedoutofhisbackpackonhismorningwalktoschool.Inorderto____19____thetoy,Jackdecidedtocreateamissingpersonposter.Heimmediatelycreateda(n)____20____drawingofthefigurewithanaccuratedescription:“Lightbrownhairwithmatchingeyebrows.Hawaiianshirtinbluewithpalmtrees.”Jackaddeda____21____inlargelettersatthetopofthepicture:“____22____!!!Heisveryspecialtome.”Healsoofferedarewardoftwopoundsandincludedhishomeaddress.Afterlearningaboutthe____23____,Jack’smothersharedapictureofherson’s____24____online.Butshewasstill____25____aboutthechanceoffindingthefigureconsideringhowsmallitwas.____26____,Jack’sposterserveditsintendedpurpose.Peopleinthecommunitywere____27____andlefthelpfulcomments.AgirlfoundthefigureduringherjourneytoschoolandhermuminformedJack’smother____28____.BothJackandhismotherexpressedtheirgratitudeforthe____29____fromtheircommunity,and____30____thetwo-poundreward,theygavethegirlaboxofchocolates.Oncereunitedwiththeminifigure,Jackwasfilledwithjoyandplacedhimina____31____place—insideasmallcar.“IwanttomakesureIneverlosehimagain,”saidJack.17.A.eagerly B.unwillingly C.unhappily D.respectfully18.A.gratitude B.sadness C.inspiration D.loneliness19.A.passon B.payfor C.pickup D.getback20.A.detailed B.abstract C.imaginative D.mysterious21.Amessage B.poster C.word D.logo22.A.Damaged B.Lost C.Sold D.Injured23.A.toy B.money C.news D.picture24.A.story B.backpack C.poster D.letter25.A.nervous B.doubtful C.ashamed D.annoyed26.A.Unusually B.Besides C.Undoubtedly D.However27.A.curious B.supportive C.moved D.excited28.A.secretly B.shyly C.immediately D.patiently29.A.trust B.wisdom C.sharing D.response30.A.inplaceof B.inspiteof C.atthecostof D.forthepurposeof31.A.convenient B.public C.distant D.safe【答案】17.A18.B19.D20.A21.A22.B23.C24.C25.B26.D27.B28.C29.D30.C31.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了10歲的杰克制作了一個(gè)和他長(zhǎng)得很像的塑料人偶，并且命名為“迷你杰克”，但在早上去學(xué)校的路上丟失了，母親協(xié)助心急如焚制的杰克發(fā)布一張尋人啟事，社區(qū)人們非常熱心，終于一小女孩找回人偶。【17題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：一天，杰克到達(dá)學(xué)校后，急切地在背包里找MiniJack。A.eagerly急切地；B.unwillingly不情愿地；C.unhappily不高興地；D.respectfully尊敬地。根據(jù)上一段的“thetoywascarriedwithhimwhereverhewent”可知，杰克非常喜歡他的人偶，所以，到達(dá)學(xué)校后，急切地在背包里找他的人偶。故選A項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)他意識(shí)到在早上去學(xué)校的路上它從背包里滑落時(shí)，他非常悲傷。A.gratitude感恩；B.sadness悲傷；C.inspiration靈感；D.loneliness孤獨(dú)。根據(jù)下文的“realizingithadslippedoutofhisbackpackonhismorningwalktoschool”可知，意識(shí)到人偶從背包里滑落了，杰克肯定是很傷心。故選B項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：為了找回玩具，杰克決定制作一張失蹤人口海報(bào)。A.passon傳遞；B.payfor為……付錢(qián)；C.pickup撿起；D.getback找回。根據(jù)下文的“createamissingpersonposter”可知，杰克制作海報(bào)，肯定是為了找回他的玩具。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他立即為這個(gè)人偶畫(huà)了一幅詳細(xì)的素描，并準(zhǔn)確地描述道：“淺棕色的頭發(fā)和相配的眉毛。藍(lán)色夏威夷襯衫，上面有棕櫚樹(shù)。”A.detailed詳細(xì)的；B.abstract抽象的；C.imaginative富有想象力的；D.mysterious神秘的。由常識(shí)可知，尋找丟失的東西，肯定是提供詳細(xì)的信息。故選A項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：杰克在圖片的頂部用大字加了一條信息：“丟了?。?！他對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)很特別。”A.message留言，（書(shū)面或口頭的）信息；B.poster海報(bào)；C.word文字；D.logo標(biāo)示。根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容“6!!!Heisveryspecialtome.”可知，杰克在圖片的頂部加了一條信息。故選A項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞/動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：杰克在圖片的頂部用大字加了一條信息：“丟了?。?！他對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)很特別。”A.Damaged被損壞的；B.Lost丟失的；C.Sold出售；D.Injured受傷的。根據(jù)第二段的“realizingithadslippedoutofhisbackpackonhismorningwalktoschool”可知，杰克的玩具丟了。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：得知這一消息后，杰克的母親在網(wǎng)上分享了兒子海報(bào)的照片。A.toy玩具；B.money錢(qián)；C.news消息；D.picture圖片。根據(jù)下文的“Jack’smothersharedapictureofherson’s8online.”可知，杰克的媽媽知道了杰克尋找玩具的信息。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：得知這一消息后，杰克的媽媽在網(wǎng)上分享了兒子海報(bào)的照片。A.story故事；B.backpack背包；C.poster海報(bào)；D.letter信。根據(jù)上一段的“Jackdecidedtocreateamissingpersonposter”可知，杰克的媽媽在網(wǎng)上分享的是兒子海報(bào)的照片。故選C項(xiàng)。【25題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但她仍然懷疑找到這個(gè)人偶的可能性，因?yàn)樗×恕.nervous緊張的；B.doubtful懷疑的；C.ashamed羞愧的；D.annoyed惱怒的。根據(jù)下文的“consideringhowsmallitwas”可知，因?yàn)橥婢咛×耍詪寢寫(xiě)岩烧业竭@個(gè)人偶的可能性。故選B項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，杰克的海報(bào)達(dá)到了預(yù)期的目的。A.Unusually不尋常地；B.Besides此外；C.Undoubtedly毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)；D.However然而。上一句“Butshewasstill

9aboutthechanceoffindingthefigureconsideringhowsmallitwas.”和空格后的句子“Jack’sposterserveditsintendedpurpose”，兩句話是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選D項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：社區(qū)里的人們都很支持，并留下了有用的評(píng)論。A.curious好奇的；B.supportive支持的；C.moved感動(dòng)的；D.excited激動(dòng)的。根據(jù)下文的“l(fā)efthelpfulcomments”可知，社區(qū)里的人是支持杰克的。故選B項(xiàng)。【28題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：一個(gè)女孩在去學(xué)校的路上發(fā)現(xiàn)了這個(gè)人偶，她的媽媽立即通知了杰克的媽媽。A.secretly偷偷地；B.shyly害羞地；C.immediately立即；D.patiently耐心地。由常識(shí)可知，撿到東西的人應(yīng)該會(huì)立即通知失主。故選C項(xiàng)。【29題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：杰克和他的母親都對(duì)社區(qū)的反應(yīng)表示感謝，并以?xún)捎㈡^的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)為代價(jià)，給了那個(gè)女孩一盒巧克力。A.trust信任；B.wisdom智慧；C.sharing分享；D.response反應(yīng)。根據(jù)上文的句子“Peopleinthecommunitywere11andlefthelpfulcomments.

”可知，杰克和媽媽對(duì)社區(qū)里人們的積極反應(yīng)表示感謝。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：杰克和他的母親都對(duì)社區(qū)的反應(yīng)表示感謝，并獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)了那個(gè)女孩一盒兩英鎊的巧克力。A.inplaceof代替；B.inspiteof盡管；C.atthecostof以……為代價(jià)；C.forthepurposeof為了……的目的。根據(jù)下文的“theygavethegirlaboxofchocolates”可知，他們?yōu)樾∨①I(mǎi)了一盒價(jià)值兩英鎊的巧克力。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：和小人偶團(tuán)聚后，杰克滿心歡喜，把他放在一個(gè)安全的地方——一輛小車(chē)?yán)铩.convenient方便的；B.public公共的；C.distant遙遠(yuǎn)的；D.safe安全的。根據(jù)下文杰克說(shuō)的話“IwanttomakesureIneverlosehimagain”可知，杰克一定是把他的人偶放在一個(gè)安全的地方。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Hangzhou,thebirthplaceofZhejiangcuisine,isfamousfordisheslikeWestLakevinegarfish,beggar’schickenandDongpopork.____32____(surprising),inrecenttimes,Hangzhouhasbeenjokinglyreferredtoasthe“desertofChina’sdeliciousfood.”Different____33____(opinion)aboutthetasteofHangzhou’scuisinecanbeseenonChinesesocialmediaplatforms.SomepeoplearguethatHangzhou’sdishesareknownfor____34____(they)mildflavors,highlightingthedelicatetaste____35____thefood.TheybelievethatHangzhou’scuisine,thoughdifferentfromnorthernChinesecuisines____36____arecharacterizedbystrongflavors,____37____(be)bynomeanslesstasty.Incontrast,othersclaimthatHangzhou’sdisheslackaspecialfeature,____38____(describe)themastasteless,withsharpcriticismaimedatthecity’smostfamousdish,WestLakevinegarfish,foritsstrangeand____39____(pleasant)taste.Asdebatescontinue,Hangzhou’sreputationasaculinary(烹飪的)destinationremains____40____topicofdiscussion.Chinesecuisineiscelebratedforitsdiversity,offeringawiderangeofflavors.It’sofgreatimportance_____41_____(accept)thevarietiesofregionaltastesandenjoytheculinaryrichnessofdifferentplaces.【答案】32.Surprisingly33.opinions34.their35.of36.which##that37.is38.describing39.unpleasant40.a41.toaccept【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了最近杭州被戲稱(chēng)為“中國(guó)美食荒漠”，對(duì)此人們發(fā)表了各自的看法?！?2題詳解】考查副詞。句意：令人驚訝的是，最近杭州被戲稱(chēng)為“中國(guó)美食荒漠”。修飾后文句子應(yīng)用副詞surprisingly，首字母大寫(xiě)。故填Surprisingly?！?3題詳解】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：在中國(guó)的社交媒體平臺(tái)上，人們對(duì)杭州菜的味道有不同的看法。有些人根據(jù)上文different可知opinion應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填opinions?！?4題詳解】考查代詞。句意：一些人認(rèn)為杭州菜以口味溫和而聞名，突出了食物的精致口感。修飾后文名詞應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞their。故填their。【35題詳解】考查介詞。句意：一些人認(rèn)為杭州菜以口味溫和而聞名，突出了食物的精致口感。此處taste與food為所屬關(guān)系，應(yīng)用介詞of。故填of?！?6題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：他們認(rèn)為，杭州菜雖然不同于中國(guó)北方菜的濃重口味，但絕不遜色。定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞northernChinesecuisines，在從句作主語(yǔ)，指物，故填which/that?！?7題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：他們認(rèn)為，杭州菜雖然不同于中國(guó)北方菜的濃重口味，但絕不遜色。根據(jù)主句believe可知為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句主語(yǔ)為Hangzhou’scuisine，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。故填is?！?8題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：相比之下，其他人則認(rèn)為杭州的菜缺乏特色，形容它們沒(méi)有味道，并對(duì)該市最著名的菜西湖醋魚(yú)提出了尖銳的批評(píng)，因?yàn)樗奈兜榔婀侄钊瞬豢?。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知describe與邏輯主語(yǔ)others構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，故填describing?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：相比之下，其他人則認(rèn)為杭州的菜缺乏特色，形容它們沒(méi)有味道，并對(duì)該市最著名的菜西湖醋魚(yú)提出了尖銳的批評(píng)，因?yàn)樗奈兜榔婀侄钊瞬豢?。根?jù)上文“itsstrangeand”可知，此處表示“令人不快的”應(yīng)用形容詞unpleasant，作定語(yǔ)。故填unpleasant?！?0題詳解】考查冠詞。句意：隨著爭(zhēng)論的繼續(xù)，杭