2023四省聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)變式題-閱讀理解D（解析版）

原題

Weallknowthatunpleasantfeelingwhenwe,retalkingaboutsomethinginterestingandhalfwaythroughour

sentencewe,reinterrupted.Butwasthatreallyaninterruption?Theanswerdependsonwhomyouask,accordingto

newresearchledbyKatherineHiltonfromStanfordUniversity.

Usingasetofcontrolledaudioclips（錄音片段），Hiltonsurveyed5,OOOAmericanEnglishspeakerstobetter

understandwhataffectspeople,sperceptionsofinterruptions.Shehadparticipantslistentoaudioclipsandthen

answerquestionsaboutwhetherthespeakersseemedtobefriendlyandengaged,listeningtooneanother,ortryingto

interrupt.

HiltonfoundthatAmericanEnglishspeakershavedifferentconversationalstyles.Sheidentifiedtwodistinct

groups:highandlowintensityspeakers.Highintensityspeakersaregenerallyuncomfortablewithmomentsof

silenceinconversationandconsidertalkingatthesametimeasignofengagement.Lowintensityspeakersfindit

rudetotalkatthesametimeandpreferpeoplespeakoneafteranotherinconversation.

Thedifferencesinconversationalstylesbecameevidentwhenparticipantslistenedtoaudioclipsinwhichtwo

peoplespokeatthesametimebutwereagreeingwitheachotherandstayedontopic,Hiltonsaid.Thehighintensity

groupreportedthatconversationswherepeoplespokeatthesametimewhenexpressingagreementwerenot

inteπ*uptivebutengagedandfriendlierthantheconversationswithmomentsofsilenceinbetweenspeakingturns,?n

contrast,thelowintensitygroupperceivedanyamountofsimultaneous（同時(shí)）chatasarudeinterruption,regardless

ofwhatthespeakersweresaying.

??Peoplecareaboutbeinginterrupted,andthosesmallinterruptionscanhaveamassiveeffectontheoverall

communication,,,Hiltonsaid.''Breakingapartwhataninterruptionmeansisessentialifwewanttounderstandhow

humansinteractwitheachother.”

1.WhatdoesHilton,sresearchfocuson?

A.Whatinteιτuptionsmeantopeople.

B.Whetherinteπuptionisgoodornot.

C.Howtoavoidgettinginterrupted.

D.Whyspeakersinterrupteachother.

2.Whatdoparticipantsofthestudyneedtodo?

A.Recordanaudioclip.B.Answersomequestions.

C.Listentooneanother.D.Haveachatwithafriend.

3.Whatdolowintensityspeakersthinkofsimultaneouschat?

A.It,simportant.B.It,sinteresting.

C.Ifsinefficient.D.It,simpolite.

4.WhatcanweIeamfromHilton,sresearch?

A.Humaninteractioniscomplex.

B.Communicationisthebasisoflife.

C.Interruptionspromotethinking.

D.Languagebarrierswillalwaysexist.

【答案】LA2.B3.D4.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。研究表明，在談話中被打斷是否會(huì)帶來(lái)不愉快，因人而異。

【1題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第二句"Butwasthatreallyaninterruption?Theanswerdependsonwhomyouask,

accordingtonewresearchledbyKalherineHiltonfromStanfordUniVerSity.（但這真的是打擾嗎？根據(jù)斯坦福大

學(xué)凱瑟琳?希爾頓領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一項(xiàng)新研究，答案取決于你問(wèn)誰(shuí)）"和第四段第二、三句"Thehighintensitygroup

reportedthatconversationswherepeoplespokeatthesametimewhenexpressingagreementwerenotinterruptive

butengagedandfriendlierthantheconversationswithmomentsofsilenceinbetweenspeakingturns.Incontrast,the

lowintensitygroupperceivedanyamountofsimultaneouschatasarudeinterruption,regardlessofwhatthespeakers

wereSaying.（高強(qiáng)度組報(bào)告說(shuō)，人們?cè)诒磉_(dá)同意的同時(shí)說(shuō)話的對(duì)話不會(huì)被打斷，而是比在說(shuō)話之間保持沉默

的對(duì)話更投入、更友好。相比之下，低強(qiáng)度組認(rèn)為任何數(shù)量的同時(shí)聊天都是粗魯?shù)拇驍?，不管說(shuō)話人在說(shuō)

什么）”可知，文章主要說(shuō)明了“打斷”對(duì)不同的人來(lái)說(shuō)，意義不同，即“打斷”對(duì)人們意味著什么。故選

A項(xiàng)。

【2題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句"Shehadparticipantslistentoaudioclipsandthenanswerquestionsabout

whetherthespeakersseemedtobefriendlyandengaged,listeningtooneanother,ortryingtointerrupt.（她讓參與者

聽(tīng)一些音頻片段，然后回答一些問(wèn)題，比如說(shuō)話者看起來(lái)是否友好、投入、彼此傾聽(tīng)，還是試圖打斷）”可

知，參與者們需要在聽(tīng)完音頻后回答一些問(wèn)題。故選B項(xiàng)。

【3題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句uLowintensityspeakersfinditrudetotalkatthesametimeandpreferpeople

speakoneafteranotherinConVerSation.（低強(qiáng)度說(shuō)話者覺(jué)得同時(shí)說(shuō)話很不禮貌，他們更喜歡人們?cè)谡勗捴幸粋€(gè)

接一個(gè)地說(shuō)話）”可推知，對(duì)于低強(qiáng)度聊天者來(lái)說(shuō)，同時(shí)聊天是粗魯?shù)?，不禮貌的。故選D項(xiàng)。

4題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“"Peoplecareaboutbeinginterrupted,andthosesmallinterruptionscanhavea

massiveeffectontheoverallcommunication,,,Hiltonsaid.''Breakingapartwhataninterruptionmeansisessentialif

wewanttounderstandhowhumansinteractwitheachother.,,（α人們很在意被打斷，而這些小的干擾會(huì)對(duì)整體

交流產(chǎn)生巨大影響，”希爾頓說(shuō)。“如果我們想了解人類(lèi)之間是如何互動(dòng)的，就必須分解中斷的含義。

可推知，人類(lèi)的交流是復(fù)雜的。故選A項(xiàng)。

變式基礎(chǔ)題1

Asayoungchild,?waspainfullyshy.Γdwatchotherchildrenplayinthepark,wishingICouldjointhem,butI

wastooscaredtoapproach.Eventually,mymotherwouldcometotherescue.She,dasktheotherkidsif?couldplay,

too.Today,?feelcomfortablegivingpubliclecturesinlargehallsandhavingconversationsinsmallgroups,but?still

tendtoavoidsituationsinwhichI,mexpectedtospendtimewitharoomfulofstrangers.

Therecouldbemanyreasons.Foronething,Imightbecarryingsomechildhoodfearofrejection.Butbeyond

thatpossibility,onelikelyelementisthat1tendtounderestimatehowmuchpeoplelikemeafter?meetthem,asmost

ofusdo.

Anewresearchpaperreportsthatthecommonconcernthatnewpeoplemaynotlikeus,orthattheymaynot

enjoyourcompany,islargelyUnfoUndcd.

EricaBoothbyofCornellUniversityandhercolleaguesconductedaseriesofstudiestofindoutwhatour

conversationpartnersreallythinkofus.Indoingso,theydiscoveredanewcognitiveillusion（認(rèn)知錯(cuò)覺(jué)）theycall

“thelikinggap":ourfailuretorealizehowmuchstrangersappreciateourcompanyafterabitofconversation.

Theresearchersobservedthegapinavarietyofsituations:strangersgettingacquaintedintheresearch

laboratoryfirst-yearcollegestudentsgettingtoknowtheirdormitorymatesoverthecourseofmanymonths,and

communitymembersmeetingfellowparticipantsinpersonaldevelopmentworkshops.Ineachcircumstance,people

consistentlyunderestimatedhowmuchotherslikedthem.Formuchoftheacademicyear,asdormitorymatesgotto

knoweachotherandevenstartedtodevelopenduringfriendships,thelikinggappersisted.

Thedataalsorevealedsomeofthepotentialreasonsfortheillusion:weareoftenmoreseverewithourselves

thanwithothers,andourinnercriticpreventsusfromappreciatinghowpositivelyotherpeopleevaluateus.Not

knowingwhatourconversationpartnersreallythinkofus,weuseourownthoughtsasaproxy（代理人）.Thisisa

mistake,becauseourthoughtstendtobemorenegativethanreality.

5.Whydoestheauthormentionhischildhoodexperience?

A.Toshowhowhischaracterchanged.

B.Toexplainwhathewaslikewhenhewasyoung.

C.Toshowanexampleofwhypeopleareshyofcommunication.

D.Toemphasizetheimportantroleofamotherinone,schildhood.

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“unfbunded''probablymean?

A.Careless.B.Baseless.C.Selfless.D.Meaningless.

7.WhatdoWeknowaboutthelikinggapfromthetext?

A.Itindicateswhatstrangersreallythinkofus.

B.Itbeginsandendsquicklyamongstrangers.

C.Itdisappearswhenstrangersgettoknoweachother.

D.Itstatesourmisunderstandingofhowmuchotherslikeus.

8.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthistext?

A.PeopleLikeYouMorethanYouKnow

B.HowtoGetAlongWellwithStrangers

C.TheWaytoKnowWhatOthersThinkofUs

D.HavingConversationswithStrangersBenefitsUs

【答案】5.C6.B7.D8.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，由于“喜歡差距”，我們往往會(huì)低估別人對(duì)我們的喜愛(ài)程度，事實(shí)

上，人們比你認(rèn)為的更喜歡你。

【5題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段關(guān)鍵句"Asayoungchild,Iwaspainfullyshy.I,dwatchotherchildrenplayinthepark,

wishingIcouldjointhem,butIwastooscaredtoapproach.,,（小時(shí)候，我非常害羞。我會(huì)看著其他孩子在公

園里玩耍，希望我能加入他們，但我太害怕了，不敢靠近。）和第二段內(nèi)容“Therecouldbemanyreasons.For

onething,Imightbecarryingsomechildhoodfearofrejection.Butbeyondthatpossibility,onelikelyelementisthat

ItendtounderestimatehowmuchpeoplelikemeafterImeetthem,asmostofusdo.”（可能有很多原因。首先，

我可能從小就害怕被拒絕。但除此之外，一個(gè)可能的因素是，我和我們大多數(shù)人一樣，在遇到別人之后，

往往會(huì)低估他們對(duì)我的喜愛(ài)程度。）可知，文中列舉了作者童年時(shí)不愿意與其他人交流的經(jīng)歷，并解釋了這

種情況產(chǎn)生的原因，由此可知，作者提到他的童年經(jīng)歷是為了舉一個(gè)例子，說(shuō)明人們?yōu)槭裁床辉敢饨涣鳌?/p>

故選C項(xiàng)。

【6題詳解】

詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段關(guān)鍵句"Indoingso,theydiscoveredanewcognitiveillusion（認(rèn)知錯(cuò)覺(jué)）theycall”the

likinggap”:ourfailuretorealizehowmuchstrangersappreciateourcompanyafterabitofconversation.,,（在這

樣做過(guò)程中，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種新的認(rèn)知錯(cuò)覺(jué)，他們稱(chēng)之為“喜歡差距”：經(jīng)過(guò)一番交談后，我們沒(méi)有意

識(shí)到陌生人有多么欣賞我們的陪伴。）可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，認(rèn)知錯(cuò)覺(jué)讓我們沒(méi)有意識(shí)到陌生人有多么喜歡我們，

由此可知，人們擔(dān)心新人可能不喜歡我們，或者他們可能不喜歡和我們?cè)谝黄穑@在很大程度上是沒(méi)有根

據(jù)的，是一種認(rèn)知錯(cuò)覺(jué)，“Baseless”意為“沒(méi)有根據(jù)的”，能表達(dá)畫(huà)線單詞在句中所要表達(dá)的意思。故選

B項(xiàng)。

【7題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段關(guān)鍵句"Indoingso,theydiscoveredanewcognitiveillusion（認(rèn)知錯(cuò)覺(jué)）theycall“the

likinggap":ourfailuretorealizehowmuchstrangersappreciateourcompanyafterabitofconversation.,,（在這

樣做的過(guò)程中，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種新的認(rèn)知錯(cuò)覺(jué)，他們稱(chēng)之為“喜歡差距”：經(jīng)過(guò)一番交談后，我們沒(méi)有意

識(shí)到陌生人有多么欣賞我們的陪伴。）可知，“喜歡差距”指的是經(jīng)過(guò)一番交談后，我們沒(méi)有意識(shí)到陌生人

有多么喜歡我們，由此可知，“喜歡差距”表明了我們對(duì)別人有多喜歡我們的誤解。故選D項(xiàng)。

【8題詳解】

主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第二段關(guān)鍵句uButbeyondthatpossibility,onelikelyelementisthatItendto

underestimatehowmuchpeoplelikemeafter?meetthem,asmostofusdo."（但除此之外,一個(gè)可能的因素是，

我和我們大多數(shù)人一樣，在遇到別人之后，往往會(huì)低估他們對(duì)我的喜愛(ài)程度。）和第四段關(guān)鍵句uIndoingso,

theydiscoveredanewcognitiveillusion（認(rèn)矢口車(chē)昔覺(jué)）theycall“thelikinggap”:ourfailuretorealizehowmuch

strangersappreciateourcompanyafterabitofconversation√,（在這樣做的過(guò)程中，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種新的認(rèn)知

錯(cuò)覺(jué)，他們稱(chēng)之為“喜歡差距”：經(jīng)過(guò)一番交談后，我們沒(méi)有意識(shí)到陌生人有多么欣賞我們的陪伴。）可知，

由于“喜歡差距”，我們往往會(huì)低估別人對(duì)我們的喜愛(ài)程度，事實(shí)上，人們比你認(rèn)為的更喜歡你，"People

LikeYouMorethanYouKnow"意為"人們比你知道的更喜歡你”，選項(xiàng)能夠概括文章主要內(nèi)容。故選A項(xiàng)。

變式基礎(chǔ)題2

Wearenaturallydrawntofriendsandcolleagueswithfamiliarvoices,scientistshavefound.Peoplepreferthose

whohaveasimilaraccent,intonationandtoneofvoicetothemselves,theydiscovered.

Previousresearchhasfocusedonhowamaleorfemalevoicesounds.Menwithdeepervoicesandwomenwith

slightlyhighervoiceswerethoughttosoundmoreattractive.

Butthenewstudy,publishedbyalinguistinCanada,suggeststhereisamorecomplexmechanism（^?i^）atplay.

Dr.MollyBabel,fromtheUniversityofBritishColumbiainCanada,said,“Thevoiceisanamazinglyflexibletool

thatweusetoconstructouridentity.Veryfewthingsinourvoicesarechangeless,soWefeltthatourpreferencehad

tobeaboutmorethanaperson,Sshapeandsize.”

Sherecorded30volunteers,voicesandaskedeachtoratetheothersattractivenessonascaleofonetonine.Each

participantwasfromWesternAmerica,withsimilaraccents.ThepeopleWeassessedwereallinthesamedialect

group,buttheyshoweddifferentdegrees.

“Weseemtolikepeoplewhosevoicesarelikeourvoices,andwelikepeoplewhofitwithinwhatWeknow,"Dr.

Babelsaid.Shealsofoundthatbreathyvoicesinwomen一typifiedbythefamousAmericanactressMarilynMonroe

—wereseenasmoreattractive.

Thebreathytone,causedbyyoungerandthinnervocalCoMS（聲帶），impliedyouthfulnessandhealth.Acreaky

voice,suggestingapersonhasacoldoristired,wasseenasunattractive.Theparticipantpreferredmenwhospoke

withashorteraveragewordlengthanddeepervoices.

9.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto.

A.comparemalevoiceswithfemalevoices

B.informreadersofthenewfindingsofvoices

C.encouragementousedeepervoicestospeak

D.ratepeople,svoicesonascaleofonetonine

10.Intermsofvoicepreferences,thenewfindingsstress.

A.bodysizeandshapeB.ashorterwordlength

C.thesamesocialgroupsD.thickervocalcords

1?.Dr.MollyBabelmentionsMarilynMonroeinorderto.

A.introduceapopularfilmstarB.explainabreathyvoice

C.questionpreviousresearchD.convincepeopleofhercharm

12.Whosevoicemaybeattractiveaccordingtothepassage?

A.Ayoungladywiththinvoice.B.Anoldladywiththickvoice.

C.Adeep-voicedmanwithadrythroat.D.Alittlemanwithaquietandgentlevoice.

【答案】9.B10.C11.B12.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這這是一篇說(shuō)明文，文章主要講了科學(xué)研究表明我們會(huì)很自然地被熟悉的嗓音所吸引，人們更傾

向于類(lèi)似的口音，而語(yǔ)言學(xué)家也表明其中有更復(fù)雜的機(jī)制在里面。

【9題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段uPeoplepreferthosewhohaveasimilaraccent,intonationandtoneofvoiceto

themselves,theydiscovered.（他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們更喜歡那些口音、語(yǔ)調(diào)和語(yǔ)調(diào)與自己相似的人）"和第三段"But

thenewstudy,publishedbyalinguistinCanada,suggeststhereisamorecomplexmechanism（?fLΦlJ）atplay.（但力口

拿大一位語(yǔ)言學(xué)家發(fā)表的這項(xiàng)新研究表明，其中有一個(gè)更復(fù)雜的機(jī)制在起作用）”可知，這篇文章的寫(xiě)作目

的主要是為了讓讀者了解到一項(xiàng)關(guān)于人的嗓音的最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，故選B項(xiàng)。

【10題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段"Peoplepreferthosewhohaveasimilaraccent,intonationandtoneofvoiceto

themselves,theydiscovered.（他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們更喜歡那些口音、語(yǔ)調(diào)和語(yǔ)調(diào)與自己相似的人）”和第四段“The

peopleWeassessedwereallinthesamedialectgroup,buttheyshoweddifferentdegrees.（我們?cè)u(píng)估的人都處于同

一方言群體，但他們表現(xiàn)出不同的程度）”可知，關(guān)于人們對(duì)嗓音的偏好，新研究強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)使用同一種方言的

社會(huì)群體進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)，故選C項(xiàng)。

【II題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段aShealsofoundthatbreathyvoicesinwomen—typifiedbythefamousAmerican

actressMarilynMonroe—wereseenasmoreattractive.（她還發(fā)現(xiàn)女性帶氣音的說(shuō)話聲，如美國(guó)著名女演員瑪

麗蓮?夢(mèng)露為代表的女性，被認(rèn)為更有吸引力）”可知，以瑪麗蓮夢(mèng)露這位人們耳熟能詳?shù)拿餍菫槔?，更?/p>

象生動(dòng)地向讀者解釋什么是帶有氣音的說(shuō)話聲，故選B項(xiàng)。

【12題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Menwithdeepervoicesandwomenwithslightlyhighervoiceswerethoughttosound

moreattractive.（人們認(rèn)為聲音低沉的男性和聲音稍高的女性聽(tīng)起來(lái)更有吸引力）”可知，一位年輕的女士如果

嗓音比較尖細(xì)，那人們會(huì)認(rèn)為她的聲音很迷人，故選A項(xiàng)。

變式鞏固題1

Silenceisunnaturaltoman.Hebeginslifewithacryandendsitinstillness.Inbetweenhedoesallhecantomakea

noiseintheworld,andhefearssilencemorethananythingelse.Evenhisconversationisanattempttopreventa

fearfulsilence.Ifheisintroducedtoanotherperson,andanumberofpausesoccurintheconversation,heregards

himselfasafailure,aworthlessperson,andisfullofenvyoftheemptiestheadedchatterbox（喋喋不休的人）.He

knowsthatninety-ninepercentofhumanconversationmeansnomorethanthebuzzingofafly,butheisanxiousto

joininthebuzzandtoprovethatheisamanandnotawaxworkfigure（蠟塑人像）?

Theaimofconversationisnot,forthemostpart,tocommunicateideas;itistokeepupthebuzzingsound.Thereare,

itmustbeadmitted,differentqualitiesofbuzz;thereisevenabuzzthatisasannoyingasthecontinuousnoisemade

byamosquito（蚊子）.Butatadinnerpartyonewouldratherbeamosquitothanaquietperson.Mostbuzzing,

fortunately,ispleasanttotheear,andsomeofitispleasanteventothemind.Hewouldbeafoolishmanifhewaited

untilhehadawisethoughttotakepartinthebuzzing-withhisneighbors.

Thosewhohatetopickuptheweatherasaconversationalopeningseemtomenottoknowthereasonwhyhuman

beingswish1:（）talk.Veryfewhumanbeingsjoininaconversationinthehopeoflearninganythingnew.Someof

themarecontent,iftheyaremerelyallowedtogoonmakinganoiseintootherpeople,sears,thoughtheyhave

nothingtotellthemexceptthattheyhaveseentwoorthreenew,playsorthattheyhadfoodinaSwisshotel.Atthe

endofaneveningduringwhichtheyhavesaidnothingmeaningfulforalongtime,theyjustprovethemselvestobe

successfulconservationists.

13.Accordingtotheauthor,peoplemakeconversationto.

A.exchangeideasB.provetheirvalue

C.achievesuccessmlifeD.overcometheirfearofsilence

14.By"thebuzzingofafly”（Para.1）,theauthormeans44''.

A.thenoiseofaninsectB.alowwhisperingsound

C.meaninglesstalksD.thevoiceofachatterbox

15.Accordingtothepassage,peopleusuallytalktotheirneighbors.

A.aboutwhatevertheyhaveprepared

B.aboutwhatevertheywantto

C.inthehopeoflearningsomethingnew

D.inthehopeofgettingonwell

16.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?

A.Todiscusswhypeopleliketalkingaboutweather.

B.Toencouragepeopletojoininconversations.

C.Topersuadepeopletostopmakingnoises.

D.Toexplainwhypeoplekeeptalking.

【答案】13.D14.C15.B16.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章作者主要解釋了人為什么會(huì)不停的交談。

【13題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章的第一段"EvenhisconversationisanattempttopreventafearfulSiIenCe.（甚至他的談話

都是為了避免可怕的沉默。）”可知，交談是克服沉默的恐懼。故選D。

【14題詳解】

詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第一段"butheisanxioustojoininthebuzzandtoprovethatheisamanandnotawaxwork

f?ure（但他急于加入這一行列，證明自己是一個(gè)人，而不是一個(gè)蠟塑人像）”可知，人類(lèi)百分之九十九的談

話只不過(guò)是無(wú)意義的交談，thebuzzingofafly意為“無(wú)意義的交談”。故選C。

【15題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句"Hewouldbeafoolishmanifhewaitedunlilhehadawisethoughtto

takepartinthebuzzing-withhisneighbors.（如果他等到有了一個(gè)明智的想法，才參與到與鄰居們的喧鬧中來(lái)，

那他就是一個(gè)愚蠢的人。）”可知，根據(jù)這篇文章，人們通常和他們的鄰居談?wù)撍麄兿胍務(wù)摰娜魏问虑椤?/p>

故選B。

【16題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段"Theaimofconversationisnot,forthemostpart,tocommunicateideas;itisto

keepupthebuzzingsound.（大多數(shù)情況下，談話的目的不是為了交流思想；這是為了保持嗡嗡聲。）”可知，

文章作者主要解釋了人為什么會(huì)不停的交談。故選D。

變式鞏固題2

Whenromanticpartnersargueoverthingslikefinances,jealousy,orotherinterpersonalissues,theytendto

employtheircurrentfeelingsasfuelforaheatedargument.Butthinkingaboutthefuturehelpsovercomerelationship

conflicts,accordingtoaUniversityofWaterlooStudyjustpublishedonlineinSocialPsychologicalandPersonality

Science.AlexHuynh,adoctoralcandidateinpsychologyistheleadauthorofthestudy,whichhepublishedwithIgor

GrossmannfromtheUniversityofWaterloo,andDanielYangfromYaleUniversity.

Previousresearchhasshownthatthird-perspectivereasoningcanbeapositivestrategyforreconciliation調(diào)解）

ofinterpersonalstruggles.Huynhandhiscollaboratorsinvestigatedwhethersimilarbenefitcanbeinducedby

simplythinkingaboutthefuture.Studyparticipantswereinstructedtoreflectonarecentconflictwitharomantic

partneroraclosefriend.Onegroupofparticipantswerethenaskedtodescribehowtheywouldfeelabouttheconflict

oneyearinthefuture,whileanothergroupwasaskedtodescribehowtheyfeelinthepresent.

Theteamexaminedparticipants,writtenresponsesthroughatext-analysisprogramfortheiruseofpronouns一

suchasI,me,she,he.Thesechoicesofpronounswereusedtocaptureparticipants9focusonthefeelingsand

behaviourofthoseinvolvedintheconflict.Writtenresponseswerealsoexaminedforforgivenessandreinterpreting

theconflictmorepositively,bothofwhichimpliedtheparticipants,useofreasoningstrategies.

Theresearchersfoundthatenvisioningfuturerelationshipaffectedbothparticipants5focusontheirfeelings,and

theirreasoningstrategies.Asaresult,participantsreportedmorepositivityabouttheirrelationshipaltogether,

especiallywhenstudyparticipantsextendedtheirthinkingabouttherelationshipayearintothefuture.

??0urstudydemonstratesthatadoptingafuture-orientedperspectiveinthecontextofarelationshipconflict一

reflectingonhowonemightfeelayearfromnow-maybeavaluablecopingtoolforone,spsychologicalhappiness

andrelationshipwell-being,,,saidHuynh.

17.Whatdoromanticpartnersdoinfaceofmostdisagreements?

A.Theylosefaithintheirfuture.B.Theyfocusontheirpresentfeelings.

C.Theylookforwardtoafierceconflict.D.Theycaremoreaboutfinancialproblems.

18.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“induced“inParagraph2mostprobablymean?

A.Caused.B.Explained.

C.Reduced.D.Improved.

19.WhatdoWeknowaboutthestudy?

A.Allthestudyparticipantsdescribedhowtheyfeltbothinthepresentandinthefuture.

B.Studyparticipantsdescribedtheirrecentrelationshipwiththeirromancepartnersorfriends.

C.Atext-analysisprogramwasemployedtoexamineparticipants'useofnegativewords.

D.Thereasoningstrategiesinparticipants,writtenresponseswerewellworthyofnote.

20.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?

A.Youhaveayeartosolveyourinterpersonalproblems!

B.Thinkingaboutfutureisessentialforrelationshipmaintenance!

C.Yourcurrentfeelingsaretherealcauseofyourheatedarguments!

D.Beneficialreasoningisapositivestrategyforreconciliation!

【答案】17.B18.A19.D20.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文，文章主要介紹一項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果，思考未來(lái)關(guān)系有助于克服人際關(guān)系沖突，目光長(zhǎng)

遠(yuǎn)才是維持人際關(guān)系的好方法。

【17題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的aWhenromanticpartnersargueoverthingslikefinances,jealousy,orother

interpersonalissues,theytendtoemploytheircurrentfeelingsasfuelforaheatedargument」當(dāng)戀人們就關(guān)于諸如

財(cái)政、嫉妒、或其他人際問(wèn)題進(jìn)行爭(zhēng)論時(shí),他們傾向于以他們當(dāng)前的情緒為基礎(chǔ)從而加劇爭(zhēng)論）”可知，在面

對(duì)分歧時(shí)，大部分戀人注重當(dāng)時(shí)的感受。故選B項(xiàng)。

【18題詳解】

詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“Previousresearchhasshownthatthird-perspectivereasoningcanbeapositive

strategyforreconciliation調(diào)解）ofinterpersonalStrUggIeS.（先前的研究已經(jīng)表明，從第三視角的推理是積極的

人際斗爭(zhēng)戰(zhàn)略調(diào)節(jié)解方法）”可知，先前的研究已經(jīng)表明理性思維是積極的人際斗爭(zhēng)戰(zhàn)略調(diào)解方法，結(jié)合倒

數(shù)第二段描述的研究結(jié)果“Asaresult,participantsreportedmorepositivityabouttheirrelationshipaltogether（結(jié)

果，參與者對(duì)他們的關(guān)系表現(xiàn)出了更積極的態(tài)度）”可推知，劃線詞所在句意為：黃齊和他的合作者研究類(lèi)

似益處是否僅僅能夠依靠簡(jiǎn)單地思考未來(lái)去達(dá)成。induced意為“導(dǎo)致，引起"。故選A項(xiàng)。

【19題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Writtenresponseswerealsoexaminedforforgivenessandreinterpretingtheconflict

morepositively,bothofwhichimpliedtheparticipants,useofreasoningStrategieS.（通過(guò)書(shū)面回答,也檢查了有益

的推理策略——例如，寬恕和更積極地闡釋沖突）”可知，參與者書(shū)面回答中的推理策略很值得注意。故選

D項(xiàng)。

【20題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Butthinkingaboutthefuturehelpsovercomerelationshipconflicts,according

toaUniversityofWaterlooStudyjustpublishedonlineinSocialPsychologicalandPersonalitySCienCe.（但是根據(jù)

滑鐵盧大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)剛剛發(fā)表在《社會(huì)心理和人格科學(xué)》上的研究，思考未來(lái)關(guān)系有助于克服人際關(guān)系沖突）”

和最后一段中的uOurstudydemonstratesthatadoptingafuture-orientedperspectiveinthecontextofa

relationshipconflict-reflectingonhowonemightfeelayearfromnow—maybeavaluablecopingtoolforone,s

psychologicalhappinessandrelationshipWen-being（我們的研究表明，在關(guān)系沖突的背景下采用一種面向未來(lái)

的視角——反思一年后感受會(huì)如何一一對(duì)于一個(gè)人心理幸福感和良好的人際關(guān)系來(lái)說(shuō)可能是一個(gè)有價(jià)值的

處理方法）”可知，文章主要介紹一項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果，思考未來(lái)關(guān)系有助于克服人際關(guān)系沖突。B項(xiàng)“考慮未來(lái)

對(duì)維持關(guān)系至關(guān)重要”適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選B項(xiàng)。

變式提高題1

Somepeoplecanwalkintoaroomandinstantlyputeveryoneatease.OthersseemtomaketeethClenChandeyes

rollnomatterwhattheydo.Asmallbodyofpsychologyresearchsupportstheideathatthewayapersontendsto

makeothersfeelisaconsistentandmeasurablepartofhispersonality.Researcherscallit''effectivepresence.^^

Thisconceptwasfirstdescribednearly10yearsagoinastudyledbyNoahEisenkraft,abusinessprofessorat

WashingtonUniversity.Heputbusiness-schoolstudentsintogroups,hadthemregisterforailthesameclassesfora

semester,anddoeverygroupprojecttogether.Thenthemembersofeachgroupratedhowmucheveryothermember

madethemfeeleightdifferentemotions:stressed,bored,angry,sad,calm,relaxed,happy,andenthusiastic.The

researchersfoundthatasignificantportionofgroupmembers4emotionscouldbeaccountedforbytheeffective

presenceoftheirpeers.

Itseemsthat"ourownwayofbeinghasanemotionalsignature.^saysElfenbein.

It,sbeenknownforsometimethatemotionsareinfectious.Buteffectivepresenceisaneffectonehasregardless

ofone,sownfeelings—thosewithpositiveeffectivepresencemakeotherpeoplefeelgoodeveniftheypersonallyare

anxiousorsad,andtheoppositeistrueforthosewithnegativeeffectivepresence

Unsuiprisingly,peoplewhoconsistentlymakeothersfeelgoodaremorncentraltotheirsocialnetworks一in

Elfenbein,sstudy,moreoftheirclassmateconsideredthemtobefriends.SectorMadrid,anorganizational-behavior

professor,hasfoundthatleaderswithpositiveaffectivepresencehaveteamsthatarebetteratsharinginformation,

whichleadstocreativity.Inferiorsaremorelikelytovoicetheirideas,too.

However,Elfenbeinnotesthatpositiveeflectivepresenceisn,tnaturallygood.PSyChOPathS（精神變態(tài)者）are

infamouslycharmingandnaywellusetheirpositiveeffectivepresenceforcalculatingends.Neitherisnegative

effectivepresencenecessarilyalwaysabadthinginaleader-thinkofafootballcoachyellingattheteamathalf

time,motivatingthemtomakeacomeback.Shesuspectsthateffectivepresenceiscloselyrelatedtoemotional

intelligencewhichonecanusetocurecancerortobeacriminalmastermind.

21.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“maketeethcleπchninParagraph1mean?

A.Makepeopleupsetorangry.B.Makepeoplegladorrefreshed.

C.Makepeoplecomfortableorrelaxed.D.Makepeopleamazedorthrilled.

22.WhydoestheauthormentionElfenbein,sstudyinParagraph5?

A.Tosuggestleadersarebetteratsharinginformation.

B.Toproveleadersalsohavenegativeeffectivepresence

C.Toindicatepositiveeffectivepresencehasagreaterinfluence,

D.Toshowpositiveeffectivepresencecanpromotesocialinteraction.

23.Whatdoyouknowabouteffectivepresenceaccordingtothetext?

A.Itisforcalculatingends.B.Itisadouble-edgedsword.

C.Itisaffectedbyone,sownemotion,D.Itisthepositiveemotionalinfluenceonothers.

24.Whichcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

AEffectivePresence:HowYouMakePeopleFeel

B.EmotionalSignature:WhyEmotionsareInfectious

C.EffectivePresence:NegativePartofYourPersonalities

D.EmotionalIntelligence:BigPartofeffectivePresence

【答案】21.A22.D23.B24.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了什么是“情感存在”并介紹了“情感存在”在社交中的作用。

[21題詳解】

詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞后的"eyesrollnomatterwhattheydo”（無(wú)論他們做什么，你都會(huì)翻白眼）可知,

劃線詞所在句中“Others”這類(lèi)人的出現(xiàn)會(huì)令人不愉快，