北京國(guó)際高中英語(yǔ)單詞重點(diǎn)

北京國(guó)際高中英語(yǔ)單詞重點(diǎn)

Science:

1.Biology:Thestudyoflivingorganisms,includingtheirstructure,function,growth,evolution,distribution,andtaxonomy.

2.Chemistry:Thebranchofsciencethatdealswiththecomposition,structure,properties,reactions,andsynthesisofsubstances.

3.Physics:Thestudyofmatter,energy,andtheinteractionsbetweenthem,includingmotion,forces,andenergytransfer.

4.Ecology:Thebranchofbiologythatdealswiththerelationshipsbetweenorganismsandtheirenvironment.

5.Genetics:Thestudyofheredityandvariationinlivingorganisms.

Literature:

1.Novels:Fictionalprosenarrativesthatdepictcharacters,events,andthemes.

2.Poetry:Aformofliteraryartthatusesaestheticandrhythmiclanguagetoevokeemotionandconveymeaning.

3.Drama:Agenreofliteraturethatinvolvesconflictsandemotionsthroughdialogueandaction.

4.Prose:Ordinarywrittenorspokenlanguagewithoutanypoeticstructure.

5.Fiction:Literaturethatisbasedonimaginationratherthanfacts.

Geography:

1.Continent:OneofthesevenlargelandmassesonEarth,includingAfrica,Antarctica,Asia,Europe,NorthAmerica,Australia,andSouthAmerica.

2.Ocean:AlargebodyofsaltwaterthatcoversmostoftheEarth'ssurface,suchastheAtlantic,Pacific,Indian,Arctic,andSouthernOceans.

3.Latitude:Thedistancenorthorsouthoftheequator,measuredindegrees.

4.Longitude:Thedistanceeastorwestoftheprimemeridian,measuredindegrees.

5.Topography:Thearrangementofphysicalfeaturesofanarea,suchasmountains,rivers,andplains.

History:

1.Civilization:Acomplexsocietycharacterizedbyurbandevelopment,socialstratification,centralizedgovernment,andsymbolicsystemsofcommunication.

2.Revolution:Asudden,radical,andoftenviolentchangeinpoliticalorsocialorder.

3.Empire:Anextensivegroupofstatesorcountriesunderasinglesupremeauthority,usuallyanemperororempress.

4.Colony:Aterritorythatisunderthepoliticalcontrolofamorepowerfulcountry,oftenlocatedfarawayfromthecontrollingstate.

5.Renaissance:AperiodofEuropeanhistorymarkingthetransitionfromtheMiddleAgestomodernity,characterizedbyarevivaloflearning,arts,andsciences.

Mathematics:1.Algebra:Thebranchofmathematicsthatusessymbolstorepresentunknownquantitiesandexpressgeneralrelationships.2.Geometry:Thestudyofshapes,sizes,andpropertiesoffiguresintwoorthreedimensions.3.Calculus:Abranchofmathematicsthatdealswithratesofchangeandtheaccumulationofquantities.4.Trigonometry:Thestudyoftherelationshipsbetweenthesidesandanglesoftrianglesandthemathematicalfunctionsthatdescribethem.5.Probability:Thebranchofmathematicsthatdealswiththelikelihoodofeventsoccurring.Art:1.Painting:Theactofapplyingpainttoasurfacetocreateanimageordesign.2.Sculpture:Theartofcreatingthree-dimensionalworksofart,typicallybyshapingorcarvingmaterialssuchasclay,stone,ormetal.3.Photography:Theartandpracticeofcreatingimagesusingacamera.4.Music:Theartoforganizingsoundsintimetocreateacompositionthatelicitsanemotionalresponse.5.Dance:Theartofmovementthatexpressesideas,emotions,orstoriesthroughrhythmicpatternsofbodymovements.Technology:1.ComputerScience:Thestudyofcomputersandalgorithmicprocesses,includingtheirprinciples,hardware,software,applications,andsocietalimpact.2.Robotics:Thebranchoftechnologythatdealswiththedesign,construction,anduseofrobotstoperformtasksthataredifficultordangerousforhumans.3.Biotechnology:Theuseoflivingorganismsorbiologicalsystemstodeveloporcreateproductsandprocesses.4.ArtificialIntelligence:Thesimulationofhumanintelligenceinmachinesthatareprogrammedtothinkandlearnlikehumans.5.Nanotechnology:Themanipulationofmatterattheatomicandmolecularscaletocreatenewmaterials,devices,andsystems.Sports:1.Soccer:Ateamsportplayedbetweentwoteamsofelevenplayerswithasphericalball.2.Basketball:Ateamsportinwhichtwoteamsoffiveplayersscorepointsbyshootingaballthroughahoop.3.Tennis:Aracketsportthatcanbeplayedindividuallyagainstasingleopponentorbetweentwoteamsoftwoplayerseach.4.Swimming:Thesportofpropellingoneselfthroughwaterusingthelimbs,usuallyforexercise,sport,orrecreation.5.Running:Theactofmovingatafastpacebyfoot,typicallyasaformofphysicalexerciseorcompetition.Health:1.Nutrition:Thesciencethatstudiestherelationshipbetweendietandhealth.2.Exercise:Physicalactivitythatisplanned,structured,andrepetitiveforthepurposeofimprovingormaintainingphysicalfitness.3.Medicine:Thescienceandpracticeofestablishingthediagnosis,prognosis,treatment,andpreventionofdisease.4.Psychology:Thescientificstudyofthehumanmindandbehavior.5.PublicHealth:Thescienceandpracticeofpreventingdiseaseandpromotinghealthamongpopulations.Philosophy:1.Ethics:Thebranchofphilosophythatinvolvessystematizing,defending,andrecommendingconceptsofrightandwrongconduct.2.Metaphysics:Thebranchofphilosophythatexploresthefundamentalnatureofreality,includingtherelationshipbetweenmindandmatter,substanceandattribute,andpossibilityandnecessity.3.Epistemology:Thebranchofphilosophyconcernedwiththenature,origin,andlimitsofknowledge.4.Logic:Thestudyofreasoningandargumentation,includingtheprinciplesthatunderliegoodargumentsandthefallaciesthatcanoccurinbadones.5.Aesthetics:Thebranchofphilosophythatdealswiththenatureofart,beauty,andtaste,andwiththeprinciplesofcriticism.Economics:1.Microeconomics:Thestudyofindividualeconomicunits,suchashouseholds,firms,andmarkets,andhowtheymakedecisions.2.Macroeconomics:Thestudyoftheeconomyasawhole,includingnationalincome,employment,inflation,andeconomicgrowth.3.InternationalTrade:Theexchangeofcapital,goods,andservicesacrossinternationalbordersorterritories.4.Finance:Themanagementoflargeamountsofmoney,especiallybygovernmentsorlargecompanies.5.DevelopmentEconomics:Thebranchofeconomicsthatfocusesonimprovingfiscal,economic,andsocialconditionsindevelopingcountries.Engineering:1.CivilEngineering:Thedesignandconstructionofpublicworks,suchasroads,bridges,canals,dams,andbuildings.2.MechanicalEngineering:Thebranchofengineeringthatappliesprinciplesofphysicsandmaterialsscienceforanalysis,design,manufacturing,andmaintenanceofmechanicalsystems.3.ElectricalEngineering:Thestudyandapplicationofelectricity,electronics,andelectromagnetismforthedevelopmentofelectricalequipmentandsystems.4.ChemicalEngineering:Thebranchofengineeringthatappliestheprinciplesofchemistry,physics,mathematics,andeconomicstoproduce,transform,transport,andproperlyusechemicals,materials,andenergy.5.ComputerEngineering:Thedisciplinethatintegrateselectricalengineeringandcomputersciencetodevelopcomputerhardwareandsoftware.Astronomy:1.Star:Amassive,luminouscelestialbodythatconsistsofaglowingplasmaofgasheldtogetherbyitsowngravity.2.Planet:Acelestialbodythatorbitsastar,isroundedbyitsowngravity,andhascleareditsorbitofotherparticles.3.Galaxy:Alargesystemofstars,stellarremnants,interstellargas,dust,anddarkmatter,boundtogetherbygravity.4.BlackHole:Aregioninspacewheregravityissostrongthatnothing,includingparticlesandelectromagneticradiationsuchaslight,canescapefromit.5.Comet:Acelestialobjectconsistingofanucleusoficeanddustthat,whenheatedbytheSun,developsanextendedatmosphereknownasacoma,andsometimesalsoatail.PoliticalScience:1.Democracy:Asystemofgovernmentbythewholepopulationoralltheeligiblemembersofastate,typicallythroughelectedrepresentatives.2.Autocracy:Asystemofgovernmentinwhichonepersonhasabsolutepower.3.Federalism:Asystemofgovernmentinwhichpowerisdividedbetweenacentralauthorityandconstituentpoliticalunits.4.InternationalRelations:Thestudyofinteractionsbetweencountries,includingtherolesofstates,intergovernmentalorganizations,non-governmentalorganizations,andmultinationalcorporations.5.PublicPolicy:Acourseofactionorinactiontakenbyagovernmenttoaddressapublicissue.Sociology:1.SocialStructure:Thepatternedsocialarrangementsinsocietythatdefinerelationshipsbetweenindividualsandgroups.2.Culture:Thesocialbehaviorandnormsfoundinhumansocieties