福建省廈門市一中2019-2020高二上學(xué)期開學(xué)考英語試題

20192020高二（上）廈門一中開學(xué)考試第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題，每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ASUPPORTWORKERDoyouhavetheabilitytocareforothers?Canyouunderstandhowolderpeoplefeel?Areyouagoodmunicator?Doyouhavegoodlisteningskills?Canyouworkweekends?IfyouhaveansweredYEStotheabove,wewouldliketohearfromyou:☆Startingrateof￡8.56perhour☆Freeuniform☆ExcellenttrainingCareers@goldencareWOWEEMAGAZINEWritersWantedWoweeMagazineislookingforwritersforitswebsite.Payisbasedonthenumberofpeoplewhoreadyourarticles.Youmayalsoreceivefreeticketstoeventsandfreeproductstotest.Thisisagreatopportunitytogetvaluableworkexperience.Wewantpeoplewhoare:chattyinterestingpassionateskilledContactusatinfo@wowee.CALLINGALLMODELSThinkyoucouldbeamodel?Ifso,we'dliketomeetyou!Workingasasuccessfulfashionmodelisn'teasybutitisveryexcitingandcouldbeagreatopportunity.Girlsshouldbeover16withaminimumheightof172cmandboysshouldhaveaminimumheightof182cm.Ifyouareunder16anddonotyethavetherequiredheight，wewouldstillbeinterestedinmeetingyou，butyoumustbringaparent.Info@topmodelagency.ukWORKFORCOFFEEBEANSJoinBritain'snumberonecafeatCoffeeBeans,whereeverycafehasthesameaims:tocreatefamilyliketeamsandtogiveexcellentcustomerservice.Manydifferentkindsofpeopleeandworkwithus,sostartyourcareeratCoffeeBeanstoday:☆Choosethehoursyouwork☆Getmanagementexperience☆ShareyourloveofcoffeeJoinusasaTeamMember,AssistantManagerofCafeManager,dependingonyourskillsandexperience.Emailusatjobs@coffeebeans.co.uk.1.Whichaddressshouldyouemailatifyouwanttobeasupportworker？A.careers@goldencare B.info@woweeC.info@topmodelagency.uk D.jobs@coffeebeans.co.uk2.AwriterworkingforWoweeMagazinecan______.A.bringaparentB.getafreeuniformC.chooseworkinghoursD.receivefreeticketstoevents3.Whatcanwelearnaboutthejobsfromthejobpostings？A.Themodelopportunityisonlymeantforadults.B.Thereisnoneedtobetrainedasasupportworker.C.EmployeesatCoffeeBeanshavefewmanagementopportunities.D.ApplicantstoWoweeMagazineshouldbesociableandenthusiastic.【答案】1.A2.D3.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，是四則工作招聘告示?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一則廣告的標(biāo)題SUPPORTWORKER和郵箱Careers@goldencare可知要選A項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二則廣告中的.Youmayalsoreceivefreeticketstoeventsandfreeproductstotest.可知為WoweeMagazine工作的作家可能還會(huì)得到一些活動(dòng)的免費(fèi)入場券，故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二則廣告中的Wewantpeoplewhoare:chattyinterestingpassionateskilled可知WoweeMagazine想招健談的，有趣的，熱情的并且有技能的人。一個(gè)人健談?wù)f明其擅長交際。所以申請(qǐng)WoweeMagazine工作的必須是善于交際，對(duì)工作熱情的人，故選D項(xiàng)。【點(diǎn)睛】做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)，抓住文段中的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)是做好該題型的關(guān)鍵，也是做好其它類型問題的基礎(chǔ)。該題型幾乎都可以在文章中直接找到與答案有關(guān)的信息，或是其變體。做這類題一般采用尋讀法，即先讀題，然后帶著問題快速閱讀短文，找出與問題和選項(xiàng)有關(guān)的詞語或句子，再對(duì)相關(guān)部分進(jìn)行分析對(duì)比，找出答案。比如本文第1.2小題通過題目找到原文相關(guān)的句子就直接能夠選出答案。BIt’smonknowledgethatthewomaninLeonardodaVinci’smostfamouspaintingseemstolookbackatobservers,followingthemwithhereyesnomatterwheretheystandintheroom.Butthismonknowledgeturnsoutwrong.Anewstudyfindsthatthewomaninthepaintingisactuallylookingoutatananglethat’s15.4degreesofftotheobserver’srightwelloutsideoftherangethatpeoplenormallybelievewhentheythinksomeoneislookingrightatthem.Inotherwords,saidthestudyauthor,Horstmann,“She’snotlookingatyou.“Thisissomewhatironic,becausetheentirephenomenonofaperson’sgaze(凝視)inaphotographorpaintingseemingtofollowthevieweriscalledthe“MonaLisaeffect”.Thateffectisabsolutelyreal,Horstmannsaid.Ifapersonisillustratedorphotographedlookingstraightahead,evenpeopleviewingtheportraitfromananglewillfeeltheyarebeinglookedat.Aslongastheangleoftheperson’sgazeisnomorethanabout5degreesofftoeitherside,theMonaLisaeffectoccurs.Thisisimportantforhumaninteractionwithonscreencharacters.Ifyouwantsomeoneofftotherightsideofaroomtofeelthatapersononscreenislookingathimorher,youdon’tcutthegazeofthecharactertothatsidesurprisingly,doingsowouldmakeanobserverfeellikethecharacterisn’tlookingatanyoneintheroomatall.Instead,youkeepthegazestraightahead.Horstmannandhiscoauthorwerestudyingthiseffectforitsapplicationinthecreationofartificialintelligenceavatars(虛擬頭像)whenHorstmanntookalonglookatthe“MonaLisa”andrealizedshewasn’tlookingathim.Tomakesureitwasn’tjusthim,theresearchersasked24peopletoviewimagesofthe“MonaLisa”onaputerscreen.Theysetarulerbetweentheviewerandthescreenandaskedtheparticipantstonotewhichnumberontherulerintersected(和……相交)MonaLisa’sgaze.TocalculatetheangleofMonaLisa’sgazeasshelookedattheviewer,theymovedtherulerfartherfromorclosertothescreenduringthestudy.Consistently,theresearchersfound,participantsjudgedthatthewomaninthe“MonaLisa”portraitwasnotlookingstraightatthem,butslightlyofftotheirright.Sowhydopeoplerepeatthebeliefthathereyesseemtofollowtheviewer?Horstmannisn’tsure.It’spossible,hesaid,thatpeoplehavethedesiretobelookedat,sotheythinkthewomanislookingstraightatthem.Ormaybethepeoplewhofirstcoinedtheterm“MonaLisaeffect”justthoughtitwasacoolname.4.Itisgenerallybelievedthatthewomaninthepainting“MonaLisa”___________.A.attractstheviewerstolookbackB.seemsmysteriousbecauseofhereyesC.fixeshereyesonthebackoftheviewersD.looksattheviewerswherevertheystand5.WhatgazerangeinapaintingwillcausetheMonaLisaeffect?A. B. C. D.6.Theexperimentinvolving24peoplewasconductedto______.A.confirmHorstmann’sbeliefB.createartificialintelligenceavatarsC.calculatetheangleofMonaLisa’sgazeD.explainhowtheMonaLisaeffectcanbeapplied7.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Horstmannthinksit’scooltocointheterm“MonaLisaeffect”.B.TheMonaLisaeffectcontributestothecreationofartificialintelligence.C.FeelingbeinggazedatbyMonaLisamaybecausedbythedesireforattention.D.Thepositionoftherulerintheexperimentwillinfluencetheviewers’judgement.【答案】4.D5.B6.A7.C【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了人們通常認(rèn)為《蒙娜麗莎》畫像中的女性無論站在房間的哪個(gè)角落，似乎娜麗莎總像是在注視著畫外人，。但事實(shí)證明，這種常識(shí)是錯(cuò)誤的。為什么人們總是認(rèn)為她的眼睛會(huì)跟著觀眾走呢？Horstmann并不確定。有可能是人們有被注視的欲望，所以他們認(rèn)為蒙娜麗莎在注視他們，這就是“蒙娜麗莎效應(yīng)”。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中It’smonknowledgethatthewomaninLeonardodaVinci’smostfamouspaintingseemstolookbackatobservers,followingthemwithhereyesnomatterwheretheystandintheroom.眾所周知，列奧納多?達(dá)?芬奇(LeonardodaVinci)最著名的畫作中的女人，無論站在房間的哪個(gè)角落，似乎娜麗莎總像是在注視著畫外人，用她的眼睛跟隨他們?？芍?，人們普遍認(rèn)為，無論站在哪里，畫作《蒙娜麗莎》中的女人都會(huì)看著畫外人。故選D項(xiàng)。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Aslongastheangleoftheperson’sgazeisnomorethanabout5degreesofftoeitherside,theMonaLisaeffectoccurs.只要人的視線與兩邊的夾角不超過5度，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)蒙娜麗莎效應(yīng)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中Tomakesureitwasn’tjusthim,theresearchersasked24peopletoviewimagesofthe“MonaLisa”onaputerscreen.為了確保不僅僅是他，研究人員讓24個(gè)人在電腦屏幕上觀看“蒙娜麗莎”的圖像?？芍?，為了證實(shí)霍斯曼的看法，對(duì)24個(gè)人進(jìn)行了調(diào)查。故選A項(xiàng)。【7題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題題。根據(jù)最后一段中It’spossible,hesaid,thatpeoplehavethedesiretobelookedat,sotheythinkthewomanislookingstraightatthem.他說，人們有被注視的欲望是可能的，所以他們認(rèn)為女人在注視他們。可知，蒙娜麗莎被注視的感覺可能是由于對(duì)注意力的渴望引起的。故選C項(xiàng)。CArainydaycanbeachancetorecharge.Whileyourelaxedonthesofawithamovie,theraindropsfallingonyourwindowsmightonedayprovidethepowerforyourTV.Thisistheideabehindaninventionthatharvestsenergyfromwater.Thetechnologyisbasedonthetriboelectric(摩擦電的)effect.AnengineerattheUniversityofHawaii,DavidMaknewthatit’spossibletogenerateelectricitybyrubbingtwothingstogether.So,hethought,“Whydon’tweusewater?”Adropofwaterslidingacrossasurfacecoatedwithtwodifferentmaterialswouldgenerateenoughfrictiontocreateanelectricalcharge.Byplacingmetalwiresthatthedropofwatertouchedasitmoved,itshouldbepossibletoharvestelectricity,hereasoned.Itworked.Infact,theresearcherslitup15LEDbulbswithasinglemovingwaterdrop.Thisisnotthefirsttimethatscientistshavegotelectricityfromwatergeneratedfriction(摩擦).Earlierexperiments,though,harvestedthechargeproducedinasurfacebyaslidingdropofwater.There,thesurfacehadactedasanelectrode(電極).Thisisdifferent.Theenergyoffrictionisbeingharvestedfromthewateritself.“Itturnsout,”Masays,“thechargeinthewaterdropiswaymorethanthechargeproducedintheotherelectrode.”Infact,histeam’smodelgeneratedalmost100timesmorepowerthanpreviousexperimentsfromasingledropofwater.“Thetechnologycouldsomedaypowerphones,sensorsorothersmallelectronics,”saysChristopherOshman,anengineerattheColoradoSchoolofMines.“Thisworkisasteptowardharvestingtheenergyofmovingobjectsallaroundus,includingourselves,topowertheelectronicappliancesweuseeveryday,”hesays.Mahasshownthatthetechnologycanworkinalab,Oshmansays.Next,theColoradoresearcherwouldliketoseeittriedonalargerscale,suchasonanumbrella.8.Howdidtheauthorintroducethetopicofthetext?A.Bytellingastory.B.Byraisingaquestion.C.Bygivinganexample.D.Byimaginingasituation.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph3referto?A.Thewire. B.Thedropofwater.C.Thesurface. D.Theelectricity.10.WhatisuniqueaboutMa’stechniqueparedwithearlierexperiments?A.Thewateritselfactsasanelectrode.BItisbasedonthetriboelectriceffect.C.Itproduceselectricityfromwatermadefriction.D.Itusesasurfacecoatedwithtwodifferentmaterials.11.WhatdoesOshmansayaboutMa’stechnology?A.Ithasapromisingfuture.B.Itwilldowellonanumbrella.C.Itworkswellintherealworld.D.Itwillreplacebatteriessomeday.【答案】8.D9.B10.A11.A【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講了夏威夷大學(xué)的工程師DavidMa認(rèn)為摩擦兩件東西來發(fā)電是可能的。事實(shí)上，研究人員用一顆移動(dòng)的水滴點(diǎn)亮了15個(gè)LED燈泡。這項(xiàng)技術(shù)有一天可以為、傳感器或其他小型電子產(chǎn)品提供動(dòng)力。【8題詳解】推理判斷題。第一段的Arainydaycanbeachancetorecharge.Whileyourelaxedonthesofawithamovie,theraindropsfallingonyourwindowsmightonedayprovidethepowerforyourTV.Thisistheideabehindaninventionthatharvestsenergyfromwater.意思是雨天可能是一個(gè)充電的機(jī)會(huì)。當(dāng)你在沙發(fā)上看電影放松時(shí)，落在窗戶上的雨滴也許有一天會(huì)為你的電視提供能量。這就是一項(xiàng)從水中獲取能量的發(fā)明背后的理念。由此可知，作者通過想象一個(gè)情景，引出文章的主題，故選D?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。上文Byplacingmetalwiresthatthedropofwatertouchedasitmoved說通過放置金屬絲，水滴在移動(dòng)時(shí)接觸到金屬絲。由此可知，下文itshouldbepossibletoharvestelectricity,hereasoned.的意思是水滴應(yīng)該可以獲得電力。it指的是水滴，故選B?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。答案定位在倒數(shù)第四段Earlierexperiments,though,harvestedthechargeproducedinasurfacebyaslidingdropofwater.There,thesurfacehadactedasanelectrode(電極).Thisisdifferent.Theenergyoffrictionisbeingharvestedfromthewateritself.（然而，早期的實(shí)驗(yàn)是通過水滴的滑動(dòng)來收集表面產(chǎn)生的電荷。在那里，表面起著電極的作用。這是不同的。摩擦力是從水本身獲得的。）由此可知，與早期的實(shí)驗(yàn)相比，Ma的技術(shù)的獨(dú)特之處在于水本身起著電極的作用，故選A。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。答案定位在倒數(shù)第二段“Thetechnologycouldsomedaypowerphones,sensorsorothersmallelectronics,”saysChristopherOshman,anengineerattheColoradoSchoolofMines.“Thisworkisasteptowardharvestingtheenergyofmovingobjectsallaroundus,includingourselves,topowertheelectronicappliancesweuseeveryday,”hesays.（科羅拉多礦業(yè)學(xué)院工程師ChristopherOshman說:“這項(xiàng)技術(shù)有一天可以為、傳感器或其他小型電子產(chǎn)品提供動(dòng)力?！彼f:“這項(xiàng)工作向收集我們周圍移動(dòng)物體的能量邁出了一步，包括我們自己，為我們每天使用的電器提供動(dòng)力?！保┯纱送茢喑?，Oshman認(rèn)為Ma的技術(shù)有一個(gè)光明的未來，故選A。DHaveyoueverheardofagritourismwhereyoucanexperiencefarmlife?Ifnot,Dr.CindyAyersElliottwilltellyoutherealstoryofFootPrintFarms.TheoriginalconceptofbuildingFootPrintFarmswassimple.WhenAyersElliottreturnedtoherhometownaftergraduation,shedidn’thavetolookanyfurtherthanherstate’salarminghealthstatisticstofindamission.Everywheresheturned,therewerereportsofhighbloodpressure,diabetes,obesityandheartdisease.“Theproblemwasalreadyidentified.”explainsAyersElliott.“ToomanyMississippianswereseriouslyunhealthyanditdidn’ttakeresearchtoseethat.Andmanyofthestate’sgreatesthealthchallengescoulddirectlyresultfrompoordiet.”Thesedays,FootPrintFarms,whichstartedwithafewraisedbedsofherbsandvegetables,ismakingfresh,naturallygrownfood.“Whenspeakingofthekeytomysuccess,thecoopmodelworksbecausewesharetheworkandrewards,”notesAyersElliott.“AperfectexampleistheWingfieldHighSchoolfootballteam.Toearnthemoneyforequipmentandotheritems,playersmittedtoworkingfivehoursaweekonthefarm,andbytheendofthesummertheyhadproduced1,000melonsandtheprofitsfromtheirsaleshelpedtobuyweights,Tshirts,sweatsuitsandpregamemeals.Butthelessonstheylearnedabouttherewardsofhardworkandworkingtogethertoacplishsomethingwereevenmorevaluableproductsoftheirefforts.”“It’samodelthatcaneasilybelearnedinotherplacesandI’mlookingforwardtoseeingsomeofourcurrentpartnersdojustthat―totakewhattheyhavelearnedhereandspinitoffinothermunities,”AyersElliottremarks.Sheisnowlookingforwardtodevelopinganagritourismaspecttothefarm,wherevisitorscanexperiencefarmlife,learnnewskillsandtakewiththemseedsofinspirationtheycansowintheirownmunitieswhentheyreturnhome.12.WhatmadeAyersElliottsetupFootPrintFarms?A.Theproblemsfacedbylocalfarmers. B.Herfurtherresearchintoheartdisease.C.Thefailureofhercareeraftergraduation. D.Thehealthstateofpeopleinherhometown.13.Whydoestheauthortakethefootballteamasanexample?A.Toadvocatetheconceptofindependence. B.Tostresstheimportanceofteamwork.C.Tosupporttheideaofcoopmodel. D.Toexplorethekeytosuccess.14.WhatisAyersElliot’sattitudetowardsthefutureofFootPrintFarms?A.Optimistic. B.Doubtful. C.Cautious. D.Uncaring.15.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Naturallygrownfoodbenefitspeople’shealth.B.AyersElliottencouragespeopletoexperiencefarm.C.FoodPrintFarmsismakingadifferenceinMississippi.D.AgritourismisbeingincreasinglypopularinAmerica.【答案】12.D13.C14.A15.C【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了CindyAyersElliott博士出于想要改變家鄉(xiāng)人們健康狀況的初衷，成立了足印農(nóng)場，介紹了農(nóng)場的經(jīng)營過程以及Elliott對(duì)農(nóng)場的一些看法，足印農(nóng)場對(duì)密西西比河周邊的人起了積極的作用?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“TheoriginalconceptofbuildingFootPrintFarmswassimple.WhenAyersElliottreturnedtoherhometownaftergraduation,shedidn’thavetolookanyfurtherthanherstate’salarminghealthstatisticstofindamission.Everywheresheturned,therewerereportsofhighbloodpressure,diabetes,obesityandheartdisease.(建造腳印農(nóng)場的最初概念很簡單。AyersElliott畢業(yè)后回到家鄉(xiāng)，她只需要看看該州令人擔(dān)憂的健康數(shù)據(jù)，就能找到使命。無論她走到哪里，都有關(guān)于高血壓、糖尿病、肥胖癥和心臟病的報(bào)道)”以及“ToomanyMississippianswereseriouslyunhealthyanditdidn’ttakeresearchtoseethat.Andmanyofthestate’sgreatesthealthchallengescoulddirectlyresultfrompoordiet.(太多密西西比人嚴(yán)重不健康，這一點(diǎn)無需研究就能發(fā)現(xiàn)。而該州許多最大的健康挑戰(zhàn)可能直接來自不良的飲食習(xí)慣)”可知，讓AyersElliott成立了足印農(nóng)場的原因是她家鄉(xiāng)人們的健康狀況。故選D。【13題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“‘Whenspeakingofthekeytomysuccess,thecoopmodelworksbecausewesharetheworkandrewards,’notesAyersElliott.“AperfectexampleistheWingfieldHighSchoolfootballteam.”可知AyersElliott指出：“在談到我成功的關(guān)鍵時(shí)，合作模式之所以奏效，是因?yàn)槲覀兛梢苑窒砉ぷ骱突貓?bào)?！睖胤茽柕赂咧凶闱蜿?duì)就是一個(gè)很好的例子?？赏浦?，作者舉足球隊(duì)為例是為了支持合作模式的想法。故選C。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“‘It’samodelthatcaneasilybelearnedinotherplacesandI’mlookingforwardtoseeingsomeofourcurrentpartnersdojustthat―totakewhattheyhavelearnedhereandspinitoffinothermunities,’AyersElliottremarks.”可知AyersElliott說：“這是一個(gè)在其他地方很容易學(xué)習(xí)的模式，我期待看到我們目前的一些合作伙伴也這樣做，把他們?cè)谶@里學(xué)到的東西應(yīng)用到其他社區(qū)?！庇纱丝赏浦?，AyersElliott對(duì)足跡農(nóng)場未來持樂觀態(tài)度。故選A?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Haveyoueverheardofagritourismwhereyoucanexperiencefarmlife?Ifnot,Dr.CindyAyersElliottwilltellyoutherealstoryofFootPrintFarms.”可知你聽說過農(nóng)業(yè)旅游嗎？在那里你可以體驗(yàn)農(nóng)場生活。如果沒有，CindyAyersElliott博士會(huì)告訴你足印農(nóng)場的真實(shí)故事。結(jié)合文章主要講述了CindyAyersElliott博士出于想要改變家鄉(xiāng)人們健康狀況的初衷，成立了足印農(nóng)場，介紹了農(nóng)場的經(jīng)營過程以及Elliott對(duì)農(nóng)場的一些看法，足印農(nóng)場對(duì)密西西比河周邊的人起了積極的作用?？芍@篇文章的主旨是足印農(nóng)場在密西西比州發(fā)揮著重要作用。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題，每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)?！癟hecalmbeforethestorm”isaveryfamiliarexpression.Itisusuallyusedtodescribeapeacefulperiodjustbeforeaverystressfulsituationoratenseargument.___16___Theynotedthatbeforecertainstormstheseaswouldseemtobeecalmandthewindswoulddrop.Butwhyisitoftensocalmbeforeastorm?___17___AccordingtoUSwebsiteHowStuffWorks,acalmperiodoccursbecausemanystorms,tornadoesandhurricanesdrawinallthewarmanddampairfromthesurroundingarea.Asthisairrisesintothestormclouds,itcoolsandactsas“fuelforthestorm,likepetrolinacar.“Oncethestormhastakenalltheenergyitcanfromtheair,itispushedoutfromthetopofthestormcloudsandfallsbackdowntogroundlevel.___18___Soonceitcoversanarea,itcausesacalmperiodbeforethestorm.___19___Firstcounthowmanysecondstherearebetweenaflashoflightningandaclapofthunder,roughlythreesecondsequalonekilometer.Agoodjudgementisthatifyourcountisbelow30seconds,youshouldseekshelterstraightaway.However,duetotheplexityofstormsystem,calmdoesn'talwaysgofirst.So,yourbestbetistokeepyourselfupdatedwithweatherreportsforanypredictionsregardingaingstorminyourarea.___20___A.Sciencehasgivenustheanswer.B.Thereisnodefiniteanswertothequestion.C.Weatherreportssometimescannotbetrusted.D.Britishsailorscoinedthephraseinthelatel600s.E.Astheairdeclines,itbeeswarmanddry,whichisstable.F.TheWeatherNetworkhasatipforworkingouthowfarawayastormis.G.That'sthemostreliablewaytopredictthenextdisplayofnature'stemper.【答案】16.D17.A18.E19.F20.G【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章就“暴風(fēng)雨前的寧靜”這一說法做出了科學(xué)的解釋。并且說明了一種計(jì)算暴風(fēng)雨距離的竅門。同時(shí)告訴讀者隨時(shí)更新天氣預(yù)報(bào)是預(yù)測下一個(gè)自然氣象最可靠的方法?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)下文Theynotedthatbeforecertainstormstheseaswouldseemtobeecalmandthewindswoulddrop.可知，他們注意到，在某些暴風(fēng)雨來臨之前，海面似乎會(huì)變得平靜，風(fēng)也會(huì)減弱。根據(jù)代詞They可推理上文為指人提出這一說法。故選D“英國水手在16世紀(jì)晚期創(chuàng)造了這個(gè)短語”切題。故選D。【17題詳解】根據(jù)上文Butwhyisitoftensocalmbeforeastorm?可知，但是為什么暴風(fēng)雨來臨前總是那么平靜呢?下文應(yīng)就此做出回答。故A項(xiàng)“科學(xué)已經(jīng)給了我們答案”切題。故選A。【18題詳解】根據(jù)下文Soonceitcoversanarea,itcausesacalmperiodbeforethestorm.可知，所以一旦它覆蓋了一個(gè)區(qū)域，它就會(huì)在風(fēng)暴前形成一段平靜期。下文為覆蓋，反之可推理上文應(yīng)為空氣下降，故E選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)空氣下降，它變得溫暖和干燥，這是穩(wěn)定的”。切題。故選E?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)后文Firstcounthowmanysecondstherearebetweenaflashoflightningandaclapofthunder,roughlythreesecondsequalonekilometer.Agoodjudgementisthatifyourcountisbelow30seconds,youshouldseekshelterstraightaway.可知，首先數(shù)一下閃電和雷聲之間有多少秒，大約三秒等于一公里。一個(gè)最佳判斷是如果你的計(jì)數(shù)低于30秒，你應(yīng)該立即尋求庇護(hù)?？芍窃诮榻B一個(gè)預(yù)測暴風(fēng)雨距離的方法。故F選項(xiàng)“氣象網(wǎng)絡(luò)有一個(gè)計(jì)算風(fēng)暴距離的小竅門”切題。故選F?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文So,yourbestbetistokeepyourselfupdatedwithweatherreportsforanypredictionsregardingaingstorminyourarea.可知，你最好辦法就是隨時(shí)更新天氣預(yù)報(bào)，預(yù)測你所在地區(qū)即將來臨的暴風(fēng)雨。下文應(yīng)繼續(xù)就此展開說明。故G選項(xiàng)“這是預(yù)測下一個(gè)自然脾氣表現(xiàn)的最可靠的方法”切題。故選G。第三部分語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿分55分)第一節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中,選出可以填人空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Everymorning,littleKatemakesthedayofbusdriverJohnReed.TheMilwaukeekidisknowntowaveandjumpupanddownasReed'sbus___21___toherstop.SowhenReed’s___22___changed,heknewhehadto___23___apropergoodbyetothe4yearoldgirl,forallthesweet___24___fromtheangel.“Goodmorning,sweetie!”hegreetedthechildandhermom,Tracy.“Igotyoua___25___,Igotyouabookandthere'ssomethingelseinthereforyou,”hetoldKateashehandedherashiningbag.Thesweetmomentwasrecordedbythesecurity___26___insidethebus.“Mydaughterisveryhappy,”TracytoldInsideEditiononFriday.“That'sjusther___27___.Inthemorning,whensheseeshiming,shegetsvery___28___.Theyjust___29___afriendship.”InsideKate’scard,Reedwrote:"Ican___30___saythatoverthepastmonthsyouhavebeenmyfavoritebuspassenger.Yourhappysmileand___31___everydayGoodMorningshave___32___myeveryday.IwanttothankyouforbeingaGREATEXAMPLEforothersto___33___.”Tracywasso___34___withReed’skindnessthatshevisitedherFacebookaccountto___35___herdaughter'sspecialconnectiontothebusdriver.“EverymorningKateandItakethecitybustoschoolandwork,”shewrote.“Wetrytoalwaystakethe___36___busbecausewemadefriendswiththedriverReed.”“Sheis___37___excitedtoseehim,shealways___38___himagoodmorning,andtellshimthelatestnewsinher4yearoldlife.She___39___himaValentine,andhegaveheronetoo.Theyarebestfriends.”Tracy___40___seeingReedonhermorningmute(通勤).“Thoughmynewdriverisperfectlynice,he’snoJohnReed,"shesaid.21.A.movesaround B.pullsup C.tracksdown D.showsup22.A.service B.road C.offer D.route23.A.deliver B.send C.leave D.wave24.A.rides B.smiles C.memories D.words25.A.bag B.gift C.parcel D.card26.A.guard B.camera C.door D.system27.A.way B.habit C.spirit D.look28.A.moved B.amused C.excited D.relaxed29.A.increased B.recovered C.created D.developed30.A.eventually B.honestly C.directly D.proudly31A.warm B.formal C.modest D.natural32.A.honored B.hatched C.brightened D.inspired33.A.observe B.repeat C.follow D.appreciate34.A.satisfied B.filled C.presented D.impressed35.A.announce B.explain C.expose D.discuss36.A.safe B.right C.old D.same37.A.morethan B.anythingbut C.still D.even38.A.tells B.wishes C.awards D.shows39.A.promised B.printed C.wrote D.signed40.A.continues B.keeps C.considers D.misses【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.C25.D26.B27.A28.C29.D30.B31.A32.C33.C34.D35.B36.D37.A38.B39.C40.D【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講了Tracy四歲的女兒Kate和她們每日乘坐的巴士司機(jī)Reed成了好朋友。由于Reed的行車路線改變，Reed不得不與Kate道別，并送給她一些禮物。Tracy想念早上上班路上見到JohnReed的情景?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：當(dāng)Reed的車停在她的站點(diǎn)時(shí)，這個(gè)孩子會(huì)揮手，跳上跳下。A.movesaround走來走去；B.pullsup停下；C.tracksdown追捕；D.showsup露面，根據(jù)toherstop.可知這里意思是當(dāng)Reed的車停在她的站點(diǎn)時(shí)，這個(gè)孩子會(huì)揮手，跳上跳下。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意：當(dāng)Reed的行車路線不得不改變時(shí)，他向小女孩告別。A.service服務(wù)；B.road公路；C.offer提供；D.route路線，根據(jù)“Thoughmynewdriverisperfectlynice,he’snoJohnReed,"shesaid.可知Reed的行車路線改變。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：他知道他不得不向這個(gè)四歲的小女孩遞送一個(gè)合適的道別，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)天使給了他所有美好的回憶。A.deliver遞送；B.send發(fā)送；C.leave離開；D.wave揮手示意，故選A?！?4題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意：他知道他不得不向這個(gè)四歲的小女孩遞送一個(gè)合適的道別，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)天使給了他所有美好的回憶。A.rides乘坐；B.smiles微笑；C.memories記憶；D.words言語，故選C。【25題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意：我給你一張卡片。A.bag書包；B.gift禮物；C.parcel包裹；D.card卡片，根據(jù)InsideKate’scard可知這里意思是我給你一張卡片。故選D?！?6題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意：車?yán)锏陌踩珨z影儀記錄下了這一溫馨的時(shí)刻。A.guard守衛(wèi)；B.camera攝影儀；C.door門；D.system系統(tǒng)，根據(jù)Thesweetmomentwasrecorded可知自然是車?yán)锏陌踩珨z影儀記錄下了這一切。故選B?！?7題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意：.那是她自己的方式。A.way方式；B.habit習(xí)慣；C.spirit精神；D.look樣子，根據(jù)Inthemorning,whensheseeshiming,shegetsvery___8___可知這里意思是那是她自己的方式。故選A?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。句意：早上，當(dāng)她看到他來的時(shí)候，她非常興奮。A.moved感動(dòng)的；B.amused被逗樂的；C.excited興奮的；D.relaxed放松的，根據(jù)TheMilwaukeekidisknowntowaveandjumpupanddownasReed'sbusto__1___herstop.可知早上，當(dāng)她看到他來的時(shí)候，她非常興奮。故選C?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：他們剛剛發(fā)展了友誼。A.increased增長；B.recovered恢復(fù)；C.created創(chuàng)造；D.developed發(fā)展，故選D。【30題詳解】考查副詞辨析。句意：我可以真誠地說，在過去的幾個(gè)月里，你一直是我最喜歡的公交車乘客。A.eventually最后；B.honestly真誠地；C.directly直接地；D.proudly傲慢地，故選B。【31題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。句意：你幸福的微笑和每日的溫暖的“早上好”照亮了我的每一天。A.warm溫暖的；B.formal正式的；C.modest謙虛的；D.natural自然的，故選A?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：你幸福的微笑和每日的溫暖的“早上好”照亮了我的每一天。A.honored尊敬；B.hatched孵化；C.brightened照亮；D.inspired鼓舞，故選C?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：我要感謝你為別人樹立了一個(gè)追隨的好榜樣。A.observe觀察；B.repeat重復(fù)；C.follow追隨；D.appreciate欣賞，故選C?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。句意：Tracy非常受感動(dòng)。A.satisfied感到滿意的；B.filled充滿的；C.presented提出；D.impressed受感動(dòng)的，根據(jù)shevisitedherFacebookaccountto__15___herdaughter'sspecialconnectiontothebusdriver.媽媽Tracy非常感動(dòng)，所以在Facebook上寫下了這一溫馨的故事。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：她訪問了自己的Facebook賬戶，解釋了女兒與巴士司機(jī)的特殊關(guān)系。A.announce宣布；B.explain解釋；C.expose揭露；D.discuss討論，根據(jù)“EverymorningKateandItakethecitybustoschoolandwork,”shewrote.“Wetrytoalwaystakethe___16___busbecausewemadefriendswiththedriverReed.”這是她在facebook上描述的女兒與巴士司機(jī)的特殊友情。故選B。【36題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。句意：我們盡量總是坐同一輛公共汽車。A.safe安全的；B.right正確的；C.old年老的；D.same相同的，根據(jù)becausewemadefriendswiththedriverReed.成為朋友后，我們盡量做Reed開的一輛公交汽車。故選D?！?7題詳解】考查固定短語辨析。句意：她見到他不只是非常興奮，她總是祝他早上好，并告訴他她四歲生活中最新消息。A.morethan不只是；B.anythingbut根本不；C.still仍然；D.even甚至，故選A?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：她見到他不只是非常興奮，她總是祝他早上好，并告訴他她四歲生活中的最新消息。A.tells告訴；B.wishes祝福；C.awards獎(jiǎng)賞；D.shows出示，故選B。【39題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：她給他寫了一張情人節(jié)卡片，他也給了她一張。A.promised承諾；B.printed印刷；C.wrote寫；D.signed署名，故選C。【40題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：Tracy想念早上上班路上見到JohnReed的情景。A.continues繼續(xù)；B.keeps保留；C.considers考慮；D.misses想念，根據(jù)“Thoughmynewdriverisperfectlynice,he’snoJohnReed,"shesaid.得知Tracy想念Reed當(dāng)這趟路線司機(jī)的情景。故選D。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。In2017,elevenmilliondeathsworldwide____41____(link)topeopleeatingdietshighinsugar,saltandprocessedmeat.Thosefoodswerepartly____42____(blame)forheartdisease,canceranddiabetes,anewstudyfound,___43___followedeatingtrendsin195countriesfrom1990to2017.ThefindingswerereportedinthepublicationTheLancet.Researchersconsidered15dietaryelements(因素),suchasdietslowinfruits,vegetables,wholegrains____44____milk.Theyalsolookedatdietshighinredmeat,processedmeat,andsugarsweeteneddrinks.“Poordietis____45____(responsibility)formoredeathsthananyotherriskfactorintheworld,”saidChrisMurray,______46______(direct)oftheInstituteforHealthMetrics(指標(biāo))andEvaluationattheUniversityofWashington.Thestudyfoundpeopleateonly12percentoftheremendedamountofnutsandseeds―anaverageintakeof3gramsaday.Forgoodhealth,____47____(expert)sayyoushouldeat21gramsofnutsandseedseveryday.Thestudyalsofoundthatpeopledrankmorethan10timestheremendedamountofsugarydrinks.Anotherstudy______48______(publish)inJanuarysuggested____49____“perfectdiet”forthehealthofpeopleandtheplanetwouldincludeadoublingoftheconsumptionofnuts,fruits,andvegetables.Suchadietwouldalsoinclude____50____(drop)byhalftheamountofmeatandsugarconsumed.【答案】41.werelinked42.toblame43.which44.and45.responsible46.director47.experts48.published49.a50.dropping【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講了2017年，全球有1100萬人因食用高糖、高鹽和加工的肉類而死亡。不良飲食比世界上任何其他危險(xiǎn)因素都要導(dǎo)致更多的死亡。今年1月發(fā)表的另一項(xiàng)研究表明，為了人類和地球的健康，一份“完美的飲食”應(yīng)該使堅(jiān)果、水果和蔬菜的消費(fèi)量增加一倍。【41題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：2017年，全球有1100萬人因食用高糖、高鹽和加工的肉類而死亡。描述發(fā)生在過去的事情，用一般過去時(shí)?！八劳觥焙汀瓣P(guān)聯(lián)”之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：was/weredone，主語是復(fù)數(shù)milliondeaths，所以be動(dòng)詞需用were。故填werelinked?！?2題詳解】考查固定搭配。句意：一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些食物在一定程度上是心臟病、癌癥和糖尿病的罪魁禍?zhǔn)?，這項(xiàng)研究跟蹤了1990年至2017年195個(gè)國家的飲食趨勢。betoblame對(duì)某事應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任的，應(yīng)受責(zé)備的，固定搭配，主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)。故填toblame