廣東省佛山市南海西樵高級(jí)中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期3月月考英語試題

保密☆啟用前2024屆高三年級(jí)綜合能力測(cè)試2024.03英語（新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷）本試卷共10頁(yè)，滿分120分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1．答卷前，考生務(wù)必用黑色字跡鋼筆或簽字筆將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)、考場(chǎng)號(hào)和座位號(hào)填寫在答題卡上，將條形碼橫貼在答題卡右上角“條形碼粘貼處”。2．作答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目選項(xiàng)的答案信息點(diǎn)涂黑；如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案，答案不能答在試卷上。3．非選擇題必須用黑色字跡鋼筆或簽字筆作答，答案必須寫在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)相應(yīng)位置上；如需改動(dòng)，先劃掉原來的答案，然后再寫上新的答案；不準(zhǔn)使用鉛筆和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案無效。4．考生必須保持答題卡整潔，考試結(jié)束后，將試卷和答題卡一并交回。第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AHowtoDealwiththeHolidayStress:5TimelessTipsTheholidayseason,whilejoyful,canalsobringstress.Herearefiveeffectiveandtimelesstipstohelpnavigatethisperiodwithmorepeaceandjoy:SlowDown:Paceyourselfduringtheholidays.Takeyourtimeineverythingfromwalkingtoeating.Slowingdowncontributestotherelaxationofboththephysicalandmentalaspects.Concentrateonbreathingslowlyanddeeply,andtryfocusingononetaskatatime.Thispracticenotonlyaidsinrelaxationbutalsopreventsovereatingduringfestivefeasts.AppreciateSmallJoys:Happinessoftenliesinappreciatingthelittlethings.Ifyouwaitforperfectmomentsorachievementstobehappy,you’remissingoutondailyjoys.Duringtheholidays,cherishthesmallpleasureslikedeliciousmeals,goodhealth,thecompanyoffamilyandfriends,andthecomfortofawarmhome.ValueWhatMattersMost:Focusonwhatistrulyimportantandvaluabletoyou.Whenitcomestogift-giving,considermeaningfulitemsorexperiencesovernumerousexpensivegifts.Thesecancreatecherishedmemoriesandareoftenmoreappreciated.GiveJoytoOthers:Makingothershappycanincreaseyourownhappiness.Simpleactsofkindness,support,andpositivitycreateamutuallybeneficialcycleofjoy.Thispractice,basedontheLawofReciprocity（互惠）,encouragesapositiveenvironmentwherehappinessissharedandreciprocated.AcceptYourFeelings:Ifnegativeemotionspersist,tryacceptingthem.Recognizingandacceptingyourfeelingsastheycanhelpreducetheirimpact.Thisacceptanceallowsyoutoconserveemotionalenergyandpromotesamorebalancedandconstructivemindset,pavingthewayforclearerthinkingandproblem-solving.Followthesestepsandyouwilltransformtheholidaystressintoamoreenjoyableandmemorableseason.21．Whatisthemainpurposeof“slowingdown”duringtheholidays?A．Toavoidsocialinteractions. B．Torelaxthebodyandmind.C．Tosavetimeandenergy. D．Toprepareforthenewyear.22．Whatdoesthearticlesuggestaboutgift-giving?A．Focusonexpensivegifts. B．Giveasmanygiftsaspossible.C．Prioritizemeaningfulitems. D．Avoidgivinggiftsaltogether.23．Whatshouldyoudoifnegativeemotionskeeptroublingyouduringtheholidays?A．Turnyourbackonthem. B．Sharethemwithothers.C．Acknowledgethem. D．Seekhelpimmediately.BTeachingcomedyisadelicatecraftthatShakespeareTheatreCompany’sTeachingArtistshandlewithexpertise.SabrinaMandell,specializinginclowningandphysicalcomedy,believesinstartingwithexamplesofwhatshefindsfunny,helpingstudentsunderstandhumoranditssubtlety（微妙之處）.Sheemphasizestheimportanceofdiscoveringwhatworksforindividualsratherthanspecifyingarightway.Overcomingfeariscrucialincomedy,withMarkJasternotingthatcomediansmustbewillingtopushbeyondsocialnorms.Sabrinaalsoadvocatesopeningupemotionally,recognizingtheclosenessoflaughterandtears.Afterall,pushingstudentstofacefearhead-oncantapintotheirfullcomedicpotential.Precisionisalsoessentialincomedy,requiringcrisp,clean,andwell-timedperformance.JimGagneemphasizestheneedforprecisionincomedycomparedtotheflexibilityallowedindrama.Teachingcomedictimingischallenging,withsomestudentsnaturallypossessingthetalent,whileothersneedmoreguidancetorefinethisessentialskill.Jim,however,believesitcanbedevelopedthroughawareness,practice,andthoroughexploration.Playandfunarecrucialinteachingcomedy.Sabrinaemphasizestheimportanceofrediscoveringthejoyofplay.Markenvisionsacomedylabwhereexploringitsmysteriesisassignificantasitsperformance.Despitethedesireforlaughs,teachersemphasizetheimportanceofstorytellingwithincomedicscenes.Jimprovidesavaluableinsight:“Indrama,youthrowthedishesdown;incomedy,youthrowthemup.”Thiscomparisonunderscoresthatcomedydemandsadifferentapproach,onethatismorelightheartedandhumorous.Nevertheless,theultimategoalistotrulyengagetheaudienceandgenuinelymakethemlaugh.24．WhatdoesSabrinaMandellfindimportantwhenteachingcomedy?A．Conveyinghersenseofhumortostudents. B．Prioritizingstorytellingoverhumor.C．Focusingoncreatingphysicalhumor. D．Inspiringstudentstoexploretheirhumor.25．Facingfearbravelyisconsideredcrucialincomedybecause______.A．fearisoneoftheprimarysourcesofhumor B．comediansneedtogobeyondsocialconventionsC．laughterandtearsenhancethecomediceffect D．itenablespeopletounlockcomedicpotential26．HowdoesJimGagneviewtheprecisionincomedy?A．Heconsidersitmerelyanaturalgift.B．Heemphasizesprecisionmoreincomedythanindrama.C．Hethinksteachingprecisionrequiresasenseoftiming.D．Hebelievesprecisionincomedyissimilartoflexibilityindrama.27．Whatcanwelearnaboutcomedyfromthepassage?A．Comedyaimstofindoutmysteries.B．Comedyrequiresaseriousanddramaticapproach.C．Comedybringstheaudiencenewinspirations.D．Comedycanbetaughtthroughplayandexploration.COverthelasttwomillionyears,ourspecieshasexperiencedasignificantincreaseinbrainvolume,contributingtoourperceivedintelligenceanddominance.However,recentresearchledbyJeremyDeSilvafromDartmouthCollegerevealsanunexpectedturn:ourbrainsdiminished（縮減）insizeafterthelastIceAge,about3,000to5,000yearsago.Contrarytotheinitialbeliefthatbrainsizereductionmatchedtheappearanceofagriculture10,000yearsago,DeSilva’steampointstoamorerecentperiodmarkedbytheflourishingandadvancementofancientcivilizationsinNorthAfrica,theMiddleEast,andSouthAmerica.Theysuggestthattheshrinkagemaybelinkedtothedevelopmentofcooperativesocietiesandwhatresearchersterm“Collectiveintelligence,”wheregroupproblem-solvinggoesbeyondindividualcapabilities.Inspirationforthisideacamefromobservationsof“ultra-social”insectslikeants,wheresmaller-brainedindividualssucceedinhighlycooperativesocieties.Theresearcherssuggestthatashumansocietiesbecamemoreorganizedoverthepast3,000years,theneedforanindividuallylargebraintostoreinformationaboutfood,relationships,andtheenvironmentdiminished.Instead,informationcouldbecollectivelystoredwithinsocialcircles,towns,andgroups.Theriseofexternalinformationstorage,includingbooks,personaldevices,andtheinternet,furtherlessenedthedemandonindividualbrains,allowingthemtooperatemoreefficiently.Whiletheaveragehumanbrainvolumeremainedaround1,450cubiccentimetersforthepast150,000years,itdecreasedbyapproximately10%,orupto150cubiccentimeters,inthelastfewmillennia.Thisreductioninbrainsizeisnotadirectconsequenceofshrinkingbodies,astherelativesizetobodyproportionalsodecreased.Importantly,researchersadviseagainstequatingbrainsizewithintelligence,suggestingthatourmentalcircuitry（回路）mayhaveevolvedtobemoreefficient,similartotheadvancementsseenintheevolutionofcomputersizesfromroom-fillingtopocketsized.28．WhatdoestherecentresearchbyJeremyDeSilvareveal?A．Agricultureappears10,000yearsago.B．“Ultra-social”insectsbecomemoreorganized.C．ThehumanbrainsizediminishesafterthelastIceAge.D．Groupproblem-solvinggoesbeyondindividualcapabilities.29．Researcherssuggesthumanbrainsizehasreduceddueto______.A．theadvancementofancientcivilizations B．thechangeoftheenvironmentC．decreasedexternalinformationstorage D．cooperativesocietiesand“collectiveintelligence”30．Whichofthefollowingmighttheauthoragreewith?A．Decreasedbodyproportionleadstosmallerbrains.B．Alargerbrainguaranteeshigherintelligence.C．Peopleshouldprioritizebrainsizeovermentalcircuitry.D．Socialfactorshavelessenedthedemandonindividualbrains.31．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．SurprisingChangesinHumanBrainVolume. B．SocialAdaptationandHumanBrainShrinkage.C．TheHistoryofBrainSizeReductioninHumans. D．ExploringtheEvolutionofHumanCognitiveAbilities.DWeNeedtoThinkaboutConservationonaDifferentTimescaleTime,perceivedbyhumansindays,months,andyears,contrastswithnature’sgranderscalesofcenturiesandmillennia,referredtoas“deeptime.”Whilepaleontologists（古生物學(xué)者）aretrainedtothinkindeeptime,conservationistsarerealizingthechallengesitposes.Shortsightednessabouttinelimitsmodernconservation,witheffortsoftenoverlookingpasthealthyconditionsofecosystemsinthecontextofclimateandbiodiversitycrises.Theshiftingbaselinesyndrome（綜合癥）,wherestandardsinaplacechangegradually,makesconservationmorecomplex.Itinvolvesevaluatingecosystemsprimarilyontheirrecentpast,oftenwithnegativeconsequences.RecentshiftsinCalifornia’sforestmanagementpractices,fromstoppingfirestoembracingIndigenousknowledgeofcontrolledburns,exemplifytheimportanceofunderstandinghistoricalecosystemdynamics.Toenhanceconservation,adoptingadeep-timeapproachiscrucial.Modernmathematicalmodeling,combinedwithlong-termdata,offersapathwayforpreservingecosystems.InCalifornia’skelp（海帶、海藻）forest,researchersidentifiedanoverlookedkeystonespecies—theextinctSeller’sSeaCow（大海牛）.Byexaminingpastkelpforests,adeeperstoryimpactingregenerationwasrevealed.Theseacow,amassiveplant-cater,contributedtoadiverse,vitalundergrowthbytrimmingkelpandlettinglightreachthearea.Theresearchersputforwardanovelapproachtokelpforestrestoration:selectivelyharvestingkelp,imitatingtheseacow’simpact.Thisstrategy,consideringhistoricaldynamics,challengesassumptionsaboutrecentecosystemsandoffersnewconservationmethods.Ratherthanonlyfocusingonremovingurchins（海膽）orreintroducingseaotters,theresearcherssuggestemployingteamsofhumanstoselectivelyharvestkelp,astheSteller’sseacowoncedid,toencouragefreshgrowth.Thissustainableharvestcouldbenefitboththeecosystemandhumanconsumption.Inshort,assumptionsbasedontherecentpastmayimpedetheunderstandingandprotectionofecosystems.Ontheotherhand,theapplicationofcontrolledburns,similarmodelingstudies,andadeep-timeperspective（視角）couldsignificantlytransformconservationefforts.Recognizingourroleinanongoingnarrativespanningmillionsofyearsisessential,urgingacomprehensiveunderstandingofecosystemsthroughtime.Embracingthisroleiscrucialforshapingthefutureandestablishingvitalconnectionsfromthepasttothefuture.32．Whatisthe“shiftingbaselinesyndrome,”mentionedinthepassage?A．Asyndromethataffectshumanbeings’perceptionoftime.B．Aphenomenonwhereecologicalstandardsshiftinaplace.C．Apsychologicaldisordercommonamongconservationists.D．Aconditionwhereecosystemschangegraduallyovertime.33．Whatisthesignificanceofdeep-timeperspectivesinconservation?A．Itpromotesthepreventionofwildfires. B．Itaidsinmathematicalmodelingefforts.C．Ithelpsrevealhistoricalecosystemdynamics. D．Itenhanceshumanconsumptionofecosystems.34．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“impede”mostprobablymean?A．Reform. B．Disrupt. C．Quicken. D．Deepen.35．Intermsofconservation,whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A．Shiftingbaselinesyndromehaspositiveecologicalchanges.B．Mathematicalmodelingwiththelatestdatacanbeeffective.C．Deep-timeperspectiveandhistoricaldynamicsarecrucial.D．Recenthistoryismorepreferredinecosystemrestoration.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。HowCanWeTrustAIIfWeDon’tKnowHowItWorksAlienminds,intheformofartificialintelligence(AI)systems,surroundusindailylife,poweringfacialrecognition,determiningcreditworthiness,andevencreatingpoetryandcode.36ManyAIsystems,particularlythosebasedondeeplearningneuralnetworks,havetrillionsofparameters（參數(shù)）,makingtheirdecision-makingprocessesopaque（不透明的）—aphenomenonknownastheAIexplainabilityproblem.37Unlikehumanswhocanjustifytheirdecisionsbasedonethicalprinciples,AIlackstheabilitytoexplainitsdecision-making,failingthepredictiverequirementfortrust.Considersituationslikethe“TrolleyProblem,”whereaself-drivingcarmustmakeadifficultdecisionwithoutthecapacitytoprovideahuman-likeexplanation.Trustreliesnotonlyonexplainabilityandpredictabilitybutalsoonethicalormoralmotivations.Humansexpectotherstoactnotjustastheyassumetheywill,butalsoastheyshould．38Itfailstoadaptitsbehaviorinlinewithethicalprinciplesorhumanexpectations,leadingtotheAIconsistencyandtrustproblem.39However,theincreasingadoptionofAIsuggestsafuturewherenestedAIsystemsmaydominate,limitinghumaninterventionopportunitiesinrapiddecision-makingscenarios.ThisemphasizesthepressingneedtoaddressandresolveissuesrelatedtoexplainabilityandensuringthatAIsystemsalignwithhumanvaluesandgoals.TheintegrationofAIintovitalsystems,suchaselectricgridsandmilitaryoperations,heightenstheimportanceoftrust.40Inconclusion,AIlacksthepredictabilityandethicalelementsthatwouldmakeitinherentlytrustworthy.AddressingthechallengesofexplainabilityandalignmentisessentialtoensurethatAIsystemsearnandmaintainhumantrustincriticalapplications.FurtherresearchinthisareaisneededtopavethewayfortrustworthyAIsystemsinthefuture.A．Asaresult,understandingwhyAIsystemsmakespecificdecisionsischallenging,raisingconcernsabouttheirtrustworthiness.B．However,AIoperateswithafixedwayofthinkingmoldedbytrainingdata.C．Addressingandresolvingtheissuebeforeitreachesacriticalpointbecomescrucial.D．Thesearecontextswhereundesirablebehaviorcouldleadtosevereconsequences.E．Toenhancetrust,proposalshavebeenmadetoinvolvehumansinAIdecision-making,eitherinthelooporontheloop.F．Duetothelackofunpredictability,peoplefinditimpossibletointerpretthespecificfactorsinfluencingAl-drivendecisions.G．However,thetrustworthinessoftheseAIsystemsfacessignificantchallengesduetotheirlimitedexplainabilityandunpredictability.第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Itallbeganinnocently—Irushedtothelocalmarketforafewitems,decidingnottouseacart（推車）.AsIapproachedthecheckoutareawithmyhandsfull,itwasclearthatthe41servicemanagementhadmomentarilycheckedout.Threecashiersfacedlonglines,andchaos42withshoppersandcartsfullofgroceries.Likemost,Isurveyedthecheckoutlines,43choosingwhatseemedthefastest.However,mychoiceturnedouttobetheslowest,and44spreadthroughtheline.Amiddle-agedmanmurmured,settingoffachainreactionofcomplaintsabouttheslowpace.Thenegativity45,withonepersondeclaringtheywouldnevershopthereagain.46bythenegativity,Iturnedmyattentiontothestressedcashier.Thecrowd’sdispleasuredidn’t47herwork;instead,herstressincreased,leadingtomistakesandtheneedforasupervisor（主管）.Asmyturnapproached,I48thecashier’sdiscomfort,tremblingandsweatingdespitethecoldstore.Ina(an)49tone,Isaid,“Somedaysarequitetheadventure,aren’tthey?”Thecashier,relievedtoseea_50face,metmyeyesandsmiled.Iencouragedher,sayingimpatienceaffectseveryone,andIwasinnorush.Thencamea(an)51lesson,agiftIneverimagined.Bysharingit,Ihopeto52others.Thecashierthankedmeformypatience,revealingshewasanewemployeestillintraining.Wesharedalaugh,andinthatmoment,strangersbecamefriends.Leavingthestore,Ifelt53fortheexperience,unlikethedissatisfiedshoppers.Thisincidenttaughtthatinthejourneyofloveandunderstanding,mistakeshappen,andpatienceisa54learningprocess.Weareall,andalwayswillbe,intrainingwhenitcomesto55.41．A．community B．delivery C．customer D．emergency42．A．erupted B．extended C．prevented D．disturbed43．A．pessimistically B．confidently C．joyfully D．curiously44．A．news B．information C．a(chǎn)wareness D．dissatisfaction45．A．spread B．changed C．exploded D．ended46．A．Controlled B．Managed C．Surrounded D．Directed47．A．a(chǎn)ccomplish B．quicken C．conclude D．perform48．A．suffered B．experienced C．expressed D．sensed49．A．effortless B．depressed C．formal D．easygoing50．A．friendly B．confused C．happy D．expressionless51．A．moral B．experimental C．unexpected D．painful52．A．escape B．enrich C．excite D．embrace53．A．wisdom B．knowledge C．judgment D．a(chǎn)ppreciation54．A．gentle B．continuous C．forbidden D．serious55．A．love B．talent C．gift D．experience第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Lastmonth,scientistsfromHarvardMedicalSchooltalkedaboutEVEscapeinthejournalNature.Thismodelisallaboutfiguringouthowviruseschange.Itlearnedfromthehistoryofhowviruses56(change)overtime,andyoucangiveitalotofdetailsaboutavirus.Thenitcanguesshowthevirusmightchange,especiallyin57itsproteins（蛋白質(zhì)）workwhentheimmunesystemputspressureonit.58(show)whatEVEscapecando,scientistsgaveitthe59(origin)codeoftheSARS-CoV-2virus.TheydidthismonthsbeforetheviruscausedtheCOVIDpandemic.Guesswhat?EVEscapepredictedalmostallthechangesthathappenedduringthepandemic,eventheonesweknowbynameslikeOmicronandBeta.TheHarvardteamkeeps60(give)EVEscapenewdataaboutSARS-CoV-261(regular),soit’slikeafortunetellerforwhatCOVIDmightdonext.PeoplearewonderingifEVEscapecouldbethesolution62stoppingpandemics.Inanarticlethatgoesalongwith63paper,scientistsNashRochmanandEugeneKooninfromtheNationalCenterforBiotechnologyInformationreallypraisedEVEscape.Theysaid,“Thiswayofdoingthingscould64(use)toguesswhatchangesmighthappeninvirusesthatstickaroundinthepopulation.Itcanhelpmakebettervaccines（疫苗）andevenguesshow65(risk)apandemicmightbeforviruseswedon’tknowmuchaboutyet,evenbeforewefigureouttheir3Dstructure.”第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（滿分15分）假如你是高一學(xué)生李華，你將代表你們班參加學(xué)校即將舉辦的一場(chǎng)英語演講比賽，題目為“數(shù)字化時(shí)代的困擾：戰(zhàn)勝互聯(lián)網(wǎng)癮的征程”。演講的內(nèi)容包括：1、網(wǎng)癮的危害；2、擺脫網(wǎng)癮的方法。注意：開頭結(jié)尾已給出；字?jǐn)?shù)100字左右。Hi,everyone!_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thanks,everyone!第二節(jié)（滿分25分）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Inthequietoftheearthquakeshelter,Ifoundmyselfcallingouttoanamelesscat,hopingforthefamiliarsoundofameoworthesightofablackandwhitefigurerunningtowardme.Myworrygrewastimepassed,realizingthatthecatIhadbeenfeedingformonths,thehighlightofmyday,wasnowheretobeseen.OurunlikelyfriendshipbeganonacoldnightasIsatonthosesamecement（水泥）steps,rainsoakingthroughmypants.Theonlylightcamefrommylastcigarette,exposingthepiecesofabrokenpictureframeandahandwrittenletterillustratingtheconsequencesoftheearthquakeonmycomputerscreen.Havingexperiencedtheimpactofanexplosionintheearthquake,IreturnedhomewithaseverebraininjuryandPTSD,facingchallenges