語(yǔ)法填空專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案上海高考英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)

上海英語(yǔ)高考·語(yǔ)法填空專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)【知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備】長(zhǎng)難句分析能力，即要先學(xué)會(huì)基礎(chǔ)句型（主謂、主謂賓、主謂賓賓、主謂賓賓補(bǔ)、主系表）、句子結(jié)構(gòu)（簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句、主從復(fù)合句）、句子成分（主、謂、賓、定、狀、補(bǔ)）。重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法具體內(nèi)容，即時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)、三大從句、非謂語(yǔ)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、倒裝、強(qiáng)調(diào)、虛擬、主謂一致等固定搭配中的介詞、代詞、冠詞、連詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞等【解題思路】有關(guān)鍵詞：只有一個(gè)橫線，不可以變換詞性，根據(jù)上下文寫(xiě)出所給單詞的正確形式（1）動(dòng)詞a.作謂語(yǔ)語(yǔ)態(tài)：考慮動(dòng)詞是否及物，動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系時(shí)態(tài)：考慮時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)句型、上下文語(yǔ)境b.作非謂語(yǔ)根據(jù)所缺成分判斷用動(dòng)名詞/分詞/不定式、主動(dòng)/被動(dòng)、進(jìn)行體/一般體/完成體。（2）形容詞/副詞a.原形b.比較級(jí)*2：more~/er,less~c.最高級(jí)*2：(the)most~/est,(the)least~沒(méi)有關(guān)鍵詞：有幾個(gè)橫線填幾個(gè)詞可以填介詞、代詞、冠詞、連詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞。大致有以下幾種情況：動(dòng)詞和名詞之間缺，或者固定搭配用介詞，如breakoutlaughter缺主語(yǔ)，用代詞，如Theyfinallyreachedthere缺定語(yǔ)，用代詞/冠詞，如Smith,anartistfromtheUSA,iskeenonChineseculture.連接兩個(gè)句子用連詞，如Hewasabouttoleavewhenthebellrang.主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間缺，用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞，如Thestadiumcanbeemptiedinfourminutes..第五種情況，常和倒裝一起考，如Tomcanswim,sodoesJenny.感覺(jué)什么都不缺，可以試試反身代詞?！境Ｓ迷~】介詞自從1:since直到1:until,till在……之前/后1:before,after和，并且1:and3:aswellas,inadditionto例如1:like2:suchas如……一樣/不一樣1:like,unlike盡管1:despite2:regardlessof3:inspiteof要不是1:without2:butfor而不是2:ratherthan,insteadof除了1:（把……除外）except（把……包含在內(nèi)）besides2:（把……除外）exceptfor（把……包含在內(nèi)）otherthan,apartfrom因?yàn)?:（常翻譯為“帶著”）withSheblushedwithembarrassment.2:becauseof,dueto,thanksto,owingto如果發(fā)生……；萬(wàn)一3:incaseof作為1:as根據(jù)2:accordingto至于，關(guān)于2:asfor,asto方位介詞/固定搭配in,on,at,near,with(without)/above/below/along/beyond/among/past/against/through/throughout/including/across/towards…代詞人稱代詞1:I,me等物主代詞1:my,mine等反身代詞1:myself,ourselves等指示代詞1:this,that,these,those,such,each,both,all,neither,none,either,any,another,others等2:theother,theothers等疑問(wèn)代詞1:who,whom,what,which,whose2:howmany,howmuch,howlong,howoften,howfar,howsoon不定代詞1:somebody/someone,anybody/anyone,nobody,something,anything,everything,nothing形式主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)it冠詞：a,an,the連詞當(dāng)……時(shí)候1:when每當(dāng)1:whenever2:eachtime,everytime自從1:since直到1:until在……之前/之后1:before,after一……就……1:immediately,directly,instantly,hardly...when2:themoment,theminute,thesecond,theinstant,nosooner...than3:assoonas在……地方1:where不僅……還……2:notonly...butalso并且1:and例如2:forexample,forinstance盡管，雖然，即使1:although,though,while,as（倒裝）2:evenif,eventhough但是，然而1:but,while,though（句末）要是……就好了2:ifonly...否則1:or,otherwise除非1:unless既然1:since2:nowthan因?yàn)?:as,because,for,since2:inthat因此1:so,that（therefore是副詞，不能填）2:sothat無(wú)論誰(shuí)/哪/什么等1:whoever,whatever,whichever,wherever,whenever,however3:nomatterwho/what/which/where/when/how無(wú)論是……還是……whether...or...如果，以防，只要1:if2:incase3:aslongas,onconditionthat正如as為了，這樣的話1:that2:sothat以至于so...that,such...that以免l:lest2:incase3:forfear(that)似乎2:asif,asthough情態(tài)動(dòng)詞能夠1:can,could可能1:may,might意愿1:will必須1:must2:haveto應(yīng)該1:should2:oughtto不妨，最好做2:hadbetter3:mayaswell;mightaswell寧愿2:wouldrather過(guò)去常常2:usedto助動(dòng)詞：do,does,did,had（倒裝前置）【鞏固練習(xí)】PassageAInabidtocontrolthenation’sgrowingproblemwithfoodwastage,theSouthKoreangovernmenthasstartedauniqueinitiative–“PayasYouTrash”.Asofnow,theSouthKoreangovernmenthasthreemethods____1____placetochargecitizensforthefoodthrownaway.OneisthroughaRFIcard.Whenuserstapthiscardoveraspeciallydesignedfoodwastebin,thelid(蓋子)willopen,allowingthemtodumptheirwaste.Thewaste____2____(weigh)automaticallyandabillisrecordedintheuser’saccountwhichtheuserneedstosettleonamonthlybasis.EachRFIbincosts$1,500and____3____serve60households.Thesecondbillingmethodisthroughprepaidgarbagebags.Thesespeciallydesignedbagsarepricedbasedonvolume.There’salsoanelectronicmanagementsystem,____4____residentsputfoodwastedirectlyintothebinandpayforitbypurchasingaspecialtag____5____(attach)tothebin.EveryhouseholdinSouthKoreaissubjecttooneofthesepaymentsystems.____6____thenewpaymentmethodaffectsyoudependstotallyonhowmuchfoodyouthrowaway.Whateversystemyouuse,youaresuretofeelthepainoffoodwaste.Themorefoodyouthrowout,themoreyouendup____7____(pay).Andit’sworking.ResidentslikeSeoulhousewifeMs.Kwanhavefounditnecessarytoadoptinnovativemethodstoavoidfoodwaste.Shepicks____8____wetoutofleftoverfoodbeforethrowingitaway.Shealsoseparatesfreshproduceandotherfooditemsinto____9____(small)portionssothatonlytherequiredamountisuseduppermeal.“____10________10________10____thefeescanbereduced,I’mwillingtoadoptanyinnovativemethodtoavoidfoodwaste,”shesaid.（2023屆靜安區(qū)一模）Keys:1.in 2.isweighed 3.can 4.where 5.attached6.How 7.paying 8.anything 9.smaller 10.AslongasPassageBThelastdayoftheChineseNewYearcelebration–theLanternFestival(1)______(mark)onthe15thdayofthefirstlunarmonth–hasearnedworldwidefameinrecentyears.However,(2)____________thelanternsilluminatingChinesestreetsandonlinedebatesoverthefillingsoftangyuan(glutinousricedumplings),itisrarelyknown,eventomanyChinesepeople,(3)______theLanternFestivalistherealChineseequivalenttoValentine'sDay.paredtotheQixiFestival,whichis(4)______(widely)recognizedbyyoungcouplesandmercialbrands,theLanternFestival,(5)______thathasarelativelylowprofile,isundeniablyindeedadayforloveinChinesehistory.Thehistoryofthefestival(6)______(date)backtotheHanDynasty,andthecelebrationsweregraduallyenriched,expandedandsettledinsucceedingdynasties.Butfromtheverybeginning,lanternshavebeenanindispensablepartoftheday.DespitethefactthatmostChinesedynastieshadcurfewsduringthenight,allthepeoplewereallowedtostayoutonthedaysaroundtheLanternFestival.TheChinesewomen,who(7)____________stayindoorsformostoftheirlives,werepermittedtoadmirethelanternsandthefullmoononthedayaswell.Therefore,itwasalmosttheonlytimeforyoungmenandwomentomeetwitheachotherandfallinlove,accordingtoexperts.Dressedintheirmostbeautifulclothesandputtingontheirmostshininghairpins,theancientChinese,noblemenandordinarypeopleincluded,wouldswarmthestreets,(8)______dancersandmusicians,acrobatsandvendorswouldgatherasfireworkswerelitandlanternsdisplayed.Therewerealsoriddleswrittenonthelanterns,andmostoftheriddleswerewrittenintheformofpoems,sowerethereforemostlyenjoyedbyeducatedresidents.Manyhavebeenhandedovergenerations.Sofar,theimplicationofloveinthefestival(9)_____(almost,lose),asyoungcouplescandate(10)______theywantandwomenarenolongerconfinedindoors.Butthelanternshowsremainthefocusofthefestival.（復(fù)旦附中2024屆高三周測(cè)5）Keys:1.marked 2.otherthan/apart/asidefrom 3.that 4.morewidely5.one 6.dates 7.hadto 8.where9.hasalmostbeenlost 10.wheneverPassageCAreyouafraidofgettingold?____1________1________1____wegetpasttheageof25,manyofusimmediatelyfeeltheurgetostopthesignsofageing—especiallythevisibleones.Menandwomenarenowusingtopical“antiageing”creams,spatreatmentsandmedicalprocedures____2____(counter)manyofthem.____3____thesemethodscansomewhataffectthewayyoulook,ageingisaninternalprocess.Anewstudyhasfoundexactlywhenduringyourlifetimethisprocesspeaks. AgroupofscientistsbasedoutoftheStanfordUniversitySchoolofMedicinehavediscoveredthat____4________4____beingasmooth,continuousprocess,ageingsurgesforwardatthreedistinctstagesoflife:first,attheageof34,thenatage60,andfinallyat78. Thestudy,publishedinNatureMedicine,revealsthatscientistscannotonlypredictyouragebystudyingtheproteome(proteinlevelsintheblood)butalsodeterminewhichorgansareageingfasterthan____5________5____,andwhichagerelateddiseasesyourbodyismorelikelytodevelop.Thestudymeasuredplasmaproteins(血漿蛋白)collectedfrom4,263adultsbetweentheagesof1895yearsandstudiedthechangesintheproteomethatoccurredwithage. TheirultimategoalwastounderstandhowtoidentifythechangesassociatedwithcardiovascularissuesandagerelateddiseaseslikeAlzheimer's____6________6____therapeutictreatmentscanbedevisedtocountertheironsetwhilethere'sstilltime.

DrTonyWyssCoray,oneoftheleadingmembersofthestudy,toldStanfordMedicineNewsCenter,“We'veknownforalongtimethat____7____(measure)certainproteinscangiveyouinformationaboutaperson'shealthstatus—lipoproteins(脂蛋白