2024屆重慶市縉云教育聯(lián)盟高三上學(xué)期一模英語(yǔ)試題【含答案解析】

重慶縉云教育聯(lián)盟2024年高考第一次診斷性檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)試卷考生須知：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必用黑色簽字筆將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)、座位號(hào)在答題卡上填寫(xiě)清楚；2.每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑，在試卷上作答無(wú)效；3.考試結(jié)束后，請(qǐng)將本試卷和答題卡一并交回；4.全卷共9頁(yè)，滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題：每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Closcthecurtains.B.Gotothecinema.C.Surfthenet.2.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inaclassroom.B.Inalibrary.C.Inabookstore.3.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Acontest.B.Arestaurant.C.Asalesperson.4.Whatproblemarethespeakersfacing?A.Thepipeisleaking.B.Thetoolboxismissing.C.Therepairmanisunavailable.5.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Visitingamuseum.B.Takingataxi.C.Askingtheway.第二節(jié)（共15小題：每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話，回答第6至第7兩個(gè)小題。6.Whatarethespeakersplanningtodo?A.Giveamusicperformance.B.Manageamusicband.C.Attendawinterconcert.7.Whenwillthespeakersmeet?A.At6p.m.B.At7p.m.C.At8p.m.聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話，回答第8至第9兩個(gè)小題。8.Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantodo?A.Passamessage.B.Downloadsomefiles.C.Giveapresentation.9.HowcanJasonreachtheman?A.Bymeetinghimpersonally.B.Bysendinghimanemail.C.Bymakinghimacall.聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話，回答第10至第13四個(gè)小題。10.HowisthemanstudyingSpanish?A.Throughonlinecourses.B.Throughlanguageapps.C.Throughclassroomlessons.11.WhatdoesthewomansayaboutherwavyofstudyingSpanish?A.It’sconvenient.B.It’sinteresting.C.It’swell-organized.12.WhataspectofSpanishisthemaninterestedin?A.Dailyconversations.B.Traditionalliterature.C.Travelphrases.13.Whatdoesthewomantrytodointheend?A.Encouragetheman.B.Expressherworries.C.Recommendsomeclassics.聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話，回答第14至第16三個(gè)小題。14.Whatisthemandoing?A.Directingaplay.B.Conductinganinterview.C.Organizingadiscussion.15.WhatdoesWendythinkofsigningopera?A.Tough.B.Attractive.C.Amazing.16.WhatisWendy’sdutyduringtheperformance?A.Toplaythemusic.B.Toteachsignlanguage.C.Tointerpretfortheaudience.17.WhatdoesWendydobeforegoingonstage?A.Shegetsfamiliarwiththestage.B.Shetriestorememberallthelines.C.Shepractiseswiththeperformers.聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答第18至第20三個(gè)小題。18.Whocouldthespeakerprobablybe?A.Anarchitect.B.Aparent.C.Ahost.19.Whatisthespeakerdissatisfiedwithaboutthebuilding?A.Itssite.B.Itsequipment.C.Itslook.20.Whatcanwelearnfromthecall?A.Thenewpoolisclosedinthewinter.B.Thesportscenterisintendedforchildren.C.Theproposedcomplexwillbewell-equipped.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題：每小題1.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AIfyoureallywantatasteofDutchlife,abiketourthroughAmsterdamisthewaytogo.WhatisincludedinanAmsterdambiketourThebicycleisofcourseprovidedandincludedinthepriceofthetour.Sometoursoffercoffeeandteaafterthetourfinishes.Everytourespeciallyhasitsownthemeandroute(路線).Youcancomparethembyvisitingwebpagesaboutaparticulartour.AmsterdambicycletourbasicsThesetoursareusuallybetweenoneandtwohourslong.TheyareguidedbyfriendlyandknowledgeabletourguideswhoarewellcapableinhumaninteractionsandAmsterdaminformation.What’smore,thetourguidesusuallyknowmanylanguagesandareusedtodealingwithcommunicationbarriers(障礙).Ifitrains,noworries,youcanchoosetocancelyourtourfreeofcharge.Thisappliesofcoursealsoincaseof(萬(wàn)一)otherbadweatherorincaseyousimplydon’tfeelliketakingthetour.Thecancellationiseasy,withoutquestion,andfree.ImportantduringthebicycletourofAmsterdamPleasedon’tbecomesoDutchthatyoudisregardthetrafficlaws.ItisafactthatsomeAmsterdammersoftencrossastreetorabridgewhentheyfeellikedoingit.Thatiswhystayingalert(警惕的)andalittlebitofbikingexperiencecanhelpyoutocrossthesmallcitystreetsduringanAmsterdambiketour.Also,unlessyouare100%surethattheweatherwillbeplentysunny,you’dbetterbringajacket.Whenyoustartmovingonthebike,theAmsterdam’saircangetquitecold.1.WhatisspecialaboutanAmsterdambiketour?A.Itprovidesafreebike. B.Itofferscoffeeandtea.C.Itincludesafreelunch. D.Ithasitsthemeandroute.2.Whichofthefollowingissuggestedinthelastparagraph?A.Takingnonoticeofthetrafficrules. B.Bringingwarmclothing.C.DoingastheDutchdo. D.Gettingawayfrombadweather.3.Wherecanthetextbefound?A.Inahistorybook. B.Inaresearchpaper.C.Inanartmagazine. D.Inatravelbrochure.【答案】1.D2.B3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了阿姆斯特丹的自行車(chē)之旅。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WhatisincludedinanAmsterdambiketour部分關(guān)鍵句“Everytourespeciallyhasitsownthemeandroute(路線).(每次旅游都有自己的主題和路線。)”可知，阿姆斯特丹自行車(chē)之旅的特別之處是有它的主題和路線。故選D。2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段關(guān)鍵句“Also,unlessyouare100%surethattheweatherwillbeplentysunny,you’dbetterbringajacket.Whenyoustartmovingonthebike,theAmsterdam’saircangetquitecold.(此外，除非你百分之百確定天氣會(huì)很晴朗，否則你最好帶一件夾克。當(dāng)你開(kāi)始騎自行車(chē)時(shí)，阿姆斯特丹的空氣會(huì)變得很冷。)”可知，最后一段中建議我們帶上暖和的衣服。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第一段關(guān)鍵句“IfyoureallywantatasteofDutchlife,abiketourthroughAmsterdamisthewaytogo.(如果你真的想體驗(yàn)荷蘭人的生活，那么騎自行車(chē)游覽阿姆斯特丹是不錯(cuò)的選擇。)”可知，本文主要介紹了阿姆斯特丹的自行車(chē)之旅，由此可知，這是一篇與旅行相關(guān)的文章，可能出現(xiàn)在一本旅游手冊(cè)中。故選D。BIsfutureyou?Itmightseemlikeastrangephilosophicalquestion.Buttheanswertohowyouthinkaboutyourfutureselfcouldmakethedifferencebetweendecisionsyouultimatelyfindsatisfyingandonesyoumighteventuallyregret.ThebrainpatternsthatemergeonanMRI(核磁共振成像)whenpeoplethinkabouttheirfutureselvesmostlikethebrainpatternsthatarisewhentheythinkaboutstrangers.Thisfindingsuggeststhat,inthemind’seye,ourfutureselveslooklikeotherpeople.Ifyouseefutureyouasadifferentperson,whyshouldyousavemoney,eathealthierorexercisemoreregularlytobenefitthatstranger?However,ifyouseetheinterestsofyourdistantselfasmorelikethoseofyourpresentself,youareconsiderablymorelikelytodothingstodaythatbenefityoutomorrow.ApaperinthejournalPLoSOnerevealedthatcollegestudentswhoexperiencedagreatersenseofconnectionandsimilaritytotheirfutureselvesweremorelikelytoachieveacademicsuccess.Relationshipswithourfutureselvesalsomatterforgeneralpsychologicalwell-being.InaprojectledbyJosephReiff,whichincludes5,000adultsaged20to75,hefoundthatthosewhoperceivedagreatoverlap(重疊)inqualitiesbetweentheircurrentandfutureselvesendedupbeingmoresatisfiedwiththeirlives10yearsafterfillingouttheinitialsurvey.Sohowcanwebetterbefriendourfutureselvesandfeelmoreconnectedtotheirfates?Thepsychologicalmindsetwithwhatwecall”vividnessinterventions“works.Wehavefound,forinstance,thatshowingpeopleimagesoftheirolder,grayerselvesincreasesintentionstosaveforthelongterm.Besides,youmighttrywritingaletterto-andthenfrom-yourfutureself.AsdemonstratedbyYutaChishimaandAnneWilsonintheir2020studyinthejournalSelfandIdentity,whenhigh-schoolstudentsengagedinthistypeof”send-and-reply“exercise,theyexperiencedelevated(升高的)levelsoffeelingsofsimilaritywiththeirfutureselves.Letter-writingandvisualizationexercisesarejustacoupleofwayswecanconnectwithourfutureselvesandbeyond,butthelargerlessonhereisclear:Ifwecantreatourdistantselvesasiftheyarepeoplewelove,careaboutandwanttosupport,wecanstartmakingchoicesforthemthatimproveourlives-bothtodayandtomorrow.4.What’sthefunctionofparagraph2?A.Generatingfurtherdiscussion. B.Introducingaresearchresult.C.Showingtheeffectofthefinding. D.Concludingvariousviewpoints.5.Howdoestheauthorprovehisstatements?A.Byofferingrelevantstatistics. B.Byusingquotations.C.Byreferringtopreviousfindings. D.Bymakingcomparisons.6.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?ABenefitsofbefriendingourfutureselves.B.Waysofconnectingwithourfutureselves.C.Methodsofchangingpsychologicalmindsets.D.Possibilitiesofusbecomingourfutureselves.7.Whatdoesthearticlewanttotellus?A.Makingfutureplansmakesadifference.B.Ourfutureselveslooklikeotherpeople.C.Gettingtoknowyourfutureselfbenefits.D.Yourchoiceaffectsthefatesofstrangers.【答案】4.A5.C6.B7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一片說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了與自己未來(lái)建立聯(lián)系的好處，以及如何與未來(lái)的自己建立聯(lián)系，并為未來(lái)做出有益的選擇?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“ThebrainpatternsthatemergeonanMRI(核磁共振成像)whenpeoplethinkabouttheirfutureselvesmostlikethebrainpatternsthatarisewhentheythinkaboutstrangers.Thisfindingsuggeststhat,inthemind’seye,ourfutureselveslooklikeotherpeople.Ifyouseefutureyouasadifferentperson,whyshouldyousavemoney,eathealthierorexercisemoreregularlytobenefitthatstranger?(當(dāng)人們思考未來(lái)的自我時(shí)，核磁共振成像上出現(xiàn)的大腦模式最像是當(dāng)他們思考陌生人時(shí)產(chǎn)生的大腦模式。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，在大腦的眼中，我們未來(lái)的自己看起來(lái)和其他人一樣。如果你把未來(lái)的自己視為一個(gè)不同的人，你為什么要省錢(qián)、吃得更健康或更經(jīng)常地鍛煉來(lái)造福那個(gè)陌生人？)”可推知，本段通過(guò)設(shè)問(wèn)來(lái)引出下文，產(chǎn)生進(jìn)一步的討論，為什么要和未來(lái)的自己建立聯(lián)系。故選A。5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句話到最后一句話“ApaperinthejournalPLoSOnerevealedthatcollegestudentswhoexperiencedagreatersenseofconnectionandsimilaritytotheirfutureselvesweremorelikelytoachieveacademicsuccess.Relationshipswithourfutureselvesalsomatterforgeneralpsychologicalwell-being.InaprojectledbyJosephReiff,whichincludes5,000adultsaged20to75,hefoundthatthosewhoperceivedagreatoverlap(重疊)inqualitiesbetweentheircurrentandfutureselvesendedupbeingmoresatisfiedwiththeirlives10yearsafterfillingouttheinitialsurvey.(《公共科學(xué)圖書(shū)館綜合》雜志上的一篇論文顯示，與未來(lái)自我有更大聯(lián)系感和相似感的大學(xué)生更有可能在學(xué)業(yè)上取得成功。與未來(lái)自我的關(guān)系對(duì)整體心理健康也很重要。在JosephReiff領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一個(gè)項(xiàng)目中，包括5000名年齡在20歲至75歲之間的成年人，他發(fā)現(xiàn)那些認(rèn)為自己現(xiàn)在和未來(lái)的品質(zhì)有很大重疊的人，在完成最初的調(diào)查10年后，最終對(duì)自己的生活更加滿意)”可推知，作者通過(guò)參考先前的發(fā)現(xiàn)來(lái)證明他的陳述。故選C。6題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段第一句話“Sohowcanwebetterbefriendourfutureselvesandfeelmoreconnectedtotheirfates?(那么，我們?nèi)绾尾拍芨玫嘏c未來(lái)的自己成為朋友，并與他們的命運(yùn)更加緊密地聯(lián)系在一起呢？)”以及全段內(nèi)容來(lái)看，本段主要介紹了與未來(lái)的自己聯(lián)系的方式。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中第二句話“Buttheanswertohowyouthinkaboutyourfutureselfcouldmakethedifferencebetweendecisionsyouultimatelyfindsatisfyingandonesyoumighteventuallyregret.(但是，你如何看待未來(lái)的自己的答案可能會(huì)決定你最終感到滿意的決定和你最終可能后悔的決定)”及第三段的第二、三句話“ApaperinthejournalPLoSOnerevealedthatcollegestudentswhoexperiencedagreatersenseofconnectionandsimilaritytotheirfutureselvesweremorelikelytoachieveacademicsuccess.Relationshipswithourfutureselvesalsomatterforgeneralpsychologicalwell-being.(《公共科學(xué)圖書(shū)館綜合》雜志上的一篇論文顯示，與未來(lái)自我有更大聯(lián)系感和相似感的大學(xué)生更有可能在學(xué)業(yè)上取得成功。與未來(lái)自我的關(guān)系對(duì)整體心理健康也很重要)”和最后一段“Letter-writingandvisualizationexercisesarejustacoupleofwayswecanconnectwithourfutureselvesandbeyond,butthelargerlessonhereisclear:Ifwecantreatourdistantselvesasiftheyarepeoplewelove,careaboutandwanttosupport,wecanstartmakingchoicesforthemthatimproveourlives-bothtodayandtomorrow(寫(xiě)信和可視化練習(xí)只是我們與未來(lái)自我和未來(lái)自我聯(lián)系的幾種方式，但這里更大的教訓(xùn)是明確的：如果我們能把遙遠(yuǎn)的自我當(dāng)作我們愛(ài)、關(guān)心和想要支持的人來(lái)對(duì)待，我們就能開(kāi)始為他們做出選擇，改善我們今天和明天的生活)”可知，文章介紹了與未來(lái)自己建立聯(lián)系的好處，如何與未來(lái)的自己建立聯(lián)系，并為未來(lái)做出有益的選擇。由此推知，這篇文章想告訴我們了解未來(lái)的自己的利好處。故選C。CWemayweepforthedodo,butcouldandshouldwebringthislovelybirdbackfromthedead?De-extinctionisthescienceofrestoringlostspeciesandithasbeeninthenewsfordecades.Thestoryinmoderntimesbeganin1990whenMichaelCrichtonpublishedhissciencefictionnovelJurassicPark,inwhichheimaginedaworldwherescientistswereabletobringdinosaursbacktolife.Crichtonimaginedthatpolymerasechainreaction(PCR)technologycouldbeawaytoamplify(放大)tinyquantitiesofdinosaurDNAandthusbuildalivingembryo.Sadly,biologistssoonrealizedthatDNAinfactbreaksdownsuper-fast;evenafter100years,DNAfrommuseumskinsofdodoswasdecayed(腐爛)beyondrepair.Theycouldbesequenced(測(cè)定序列)usingmassivecomputationalpower,butthenonlywithconsiderableuncertainty.AndevenifyoucaptureaDNAsequence,there’sstilltheproblemofhowyougetlivingcellstoreadthatsequenceandexpressproteinsthatmakethedinosaurorthedodo.Butwhywouldanyonewanttoseemammoths,orsomethinglikethem,roaming(漫游)present-daySiberia?Well,theywereundoubtedlyamazingbeasts.Aswellashuntingthem,ourdistantancestorspaintedtheirlikenessesincavesacrossEurope.Fascinatingastheymaybe,there'ssomeecologicaljustificationfortheprojecttoo.Itwasthisdiversityoflandsurface,brokenupbyheavylimbsandrandomlyfertilisedbyfaeces(排泄物),thatsupportedsomuchflora(植物群).Withoutthemammoths,thatdiversitydisappeared.Returnthemandlandscapeswouldonceagainbewithavarietyofspecies,includingflowersandbushes.True,it’snotde-extinctioninthesenseofbringingalong-deadspeciesbacktolife.Insteadit’smorelikemakinga“dodo”byengineeringamodernpigeon,itsclosestrelative,tobecomehugeandflightless.Theresultwouldbeabig,fattypigeonthat,whetheritlookedlikeadodoornot,wouldprobablyfulfilsomeofitsecologicalroles.Asapalaeontologist,Iwouldofcourselovetoseelivingdinosaurs,mammothsanddodos.Insomeways,though,Iamrelievedthattheoptimisticclaimsforcloningandgenetictechnologieshavenotbeenborneout.Theslowdowngivesustimetoconsidertheoutcomes—andhopefullyavoidsomeofMichaelCrichton’smorefeveredimaginings.8.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A.Asciencefictionreview. B.ThedevelopmentofDNA.C.Aninspiredguessofde-extinction. D.TheapplicationofPCRtechnology.9.What’sthebarriertocloningalivingembryo?A.DNAishardtokeepforlong. B.Computationalpowerislimited.C.Biologistsareopposedtoit. D.Livingcellscantbesequenced.10.Whyarepeopleinterestedincloningextinctspecies?A.Theyexpecttoseekhuntfun. B.Theylacksourcesofmodernart.C.Theyneedthemforresearch. D.Theywanttoseebiodiversity.11.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardcloningextinctspecies?A.Cautious. B.Unclear. C.Dismissive. D.Approving.【答案】8.C9.A10.D11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本篇是議論文，作者對(duì)克隆滅絕物種進(jìn)行了分析?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。文章第二段講到“inwhichheimaginedaworldwherescientistswereabletobringdinosaursbacktolife.Crichtonimaginedthatpolymerasechainreaction(PCR)technologycouldbeawaytoamplify(放大)tinyquantitiesofdinosaurDNAandthusbuildalivingembryo.(在小說(shuō)里，他想象了一個(gè)科學(xué)家能夠讓恐龍復(fù)活的世界。克萊頓設(shè)想聚合酶鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng)（PCR）技術(shù)可能是一種擴(kuò)增(放大)微小數(shù)量的恐龍DNA，從而構(gòu)建了一個(gè)活的胚胎。)”可知，第二段的主要內(nèi)容是一個(gè)關(guān)于滅絕動(dòng)物復(fù)活啟發(fā)性猜測(cè)。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第三段講到“Sadly,biologistssoonrealizedthatDNAinfactbreaksdownsuper-fast;evenafter100years,DNAfrommuseumskinsofdodoswasdecayed(腐爛)beyondrepair.(可悲的是，生物學(xué)家很快意識(shí)到DNA實(shí)際上分解得非?？欤患词乖?00年后，博物館里渡渡鳥(niǎo)皮膚上的DNA也腐爛得無(wú)法修復(fù)。)”可知，克隆活胚胎的障礙是很難長(zhǎng)期保存。故選A。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第五段講到“Withoutthemammoths,thatdiversitydisappeared.Returnthemandlandscapeswouldonceagainbewithavarietyofspecies,includingflowersandbushes.(沒(méi)有長(zhǎng)毛象，這種多樣性就消失了。讓他們回歸，景觀將再次出現(xiàn)各種各樣的物種，包括花朵和灌木。)”可知，人們熱衷于克隆滅絕動(dòng)物主要是想看到生物的多樣性。故選D?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。文章最后一段講到“Theslowdowngivesustimetoconsidertheoutcomes—andhopefullyavoidsomeofMichaelCrichton’smorefeveredimaginings(經(jīng)濟(jì)放緩給了我們時(shí)間來(lái)考慮結(jié)果——并有望避免邁克爾·克萊頓的一些更狂熱的想象)”可知，作者對(duì)克隆滅絕動(dòng)物持謹(jǐn)慎的觀點(diǎn)。故選A。DSomeantshavefiguredouthowtoavoidgettinglost:buildtalleranthills,accordingtoarecentstudy.Desertantslivinginthehot,flatsaltpansofTunisiaspendtheirdayslookingforfoodandreachasfaras1.1kilometersfromtheirnests.Tofindtheirwayhome,desertantsuseanavigationsystem,relyingonthesun’spositionandcountingtheirstepstotracktheirlocationrelativetotheirnest.Butthissystembecomesincreasinglyunreliableasthedistancefromthenestincreases.“Werealizedthat,whenevertheantsinsaltpanscameclosertotheirnest,theysuddenlypinpointedthenesthillfromseveralmetersdistance,”saysMarkusKnaden,aresearcheratMaxPlanckInstituteforChemicalEcology.“Thismadeusthinkthatthehillservesasanest-defininglandmark.”SoKnadenandcolleaguescapturedantsfromnestsinthemiddleofsaltpansandfromalongtheirshorelines.Onlysalt-pannestshaddistincthills,upto40centimeterstall,whereasthehillsonshorelinenestswerelowerorbarelynoticeable.Next,theteamremovedanyhillsandplacedthecapturedinsectssomedistanceawayfromtheirnests.Salt-panantsstruggledmorethanshoreantstofindhomes.Shoreantsreliedontheshorelineforguidanceandweren’taffectedbythehillremoval,theresearchersconcluded.Theteamfurtherconductedanotherstudytoseeifdesertantsweredeliberatelybuildingatallerhillwhentheirsurroundingslackedanyvisiblelandmarks.So,theresearchersremovedthehillsof16salt-pannestsandinstalled(安裝)two50-centimeter-tallblocksneareightofthem.Theothereightnestswereleftwithoutanyartificialvisualaid.Afterthreedays,theresearchersfoundthatsevenantsfromtheunaidednestshadrebuilttheirhills.Butonlytwoantsfromthenestswithman-madeblocksnearbyhadbotheredtorebuild.“Itimpliesthatantsregularlyassessthecomplexityoftheirenvironmentandchangetheirdecisionsbasedontheirconclusion,”saysecologistJudithBronsteinoftheUniversityofArizona.12.Whataspectofantsistherecentstudymainlyabout?A.Challengesofsurvival. B.Landmarksofhabitats.C.Intelligenceofnavigation. D.Comparisonofvarieties.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“pinpointed”inparagraph2mean?A.Explored. B.Recognized. C.Climbed. D.Crossed.14.Whydidresearcherssetshorelineantsintheexperiment?A.Toobservedifferentants’reactions. B.Toproveimpactsofvarioushabitats.C.Todisturbdesertants’navigationsystem. D.Totestanthills’functionsandsignificance.15.Whatconclusionaboutdesertantscanbedrawnfromthefollow-upstudy?A.Evaluateandmakechanges. B.Visualaidisamust.C.Cooperationbringsvictory. D.Noman-madeblocksareused.【答案】12.C13.B14.A15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章探討了沙漠螞蟻的“智能化導(dǎo)航”?！驹斀狻?.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Someantshavefiguredouthowtoavoidgettinglost:buildtalleranthills,accordingtoarecentstudy.(一些螞蟻已經(jīng)想出了如何避免迷路：根據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)研究，就是建造更高的蟻丘)”以及第二、三段中的內(nèi)容可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)沙漠螞蟻利用太陽(yáng)的位置和計(jì)算步數(shù)來(lái)確定自己相對(duì)于巢穴的位置，并且當(dāng)它們離巢越遠(yuǎn)時(shí)，這種導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)越不可靠。研究者進(jìn)一步觀察了沙漠鹽田和海岸線地區(qū)的螞蟻巢穴，發(fā)現(xiàn)只有沙漠鹽田的巢穴上方有明顯的小丘，而海岸線地區(qū)的巢穴則較低或幾乎不可見(jiàn)。由此可知，這項(xiàng)研究主要關(guān)于螞蟻導(dǎo)航的智能化。故選C。2.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞下文“Thismadeusthinkthatthehillservesasanest-defininglandmark.(這讓我們覺(jué)得這座山就像是一個(gè)定義巢穴的地標(biāo))”可知，研究者認(rèn)為這個(gè)小丘是沙漠螞蟻定位巢穴的地標(biāo),它們?cè)诮咏惭〞r(shí)會(huì)一下子在幾米遠(yuǎn)的距離外辨認(rèn)出巢穴小丘。由此可知，劃線詞pinpointed的意思是“辨認(rèn)”。故選B。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容可知，研究者對(duì)沙漠螞蟻和海岸線螞蟻進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)，目的是比較它們?cè)谑バ∏鸷笳一爻惭ǖ那闆r。因此，研究者在實(shí)驗(yàn)中設(shè)置海岸線螞蟻是為了觀察不同螞蟻的反應(yīng)和表現(xiàn)。故選A。4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Afterthreedays,theresearchersfoundthatsevenantsfromtheunaidednestshadrebuilttheirhills.Butonlytwoantsfromthenestswithman-madeblocksnearbyhadbotheredtorebuild.(三天后，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，無(wú)人幫助的螞蟻巢中有七只螞蟻重建了它們的丘陵。但是只有兩只來(lái)自附近有人造障礙的螞蟻巢中的螞蟻費(fèi)心去重建)”以及最后一段中的“Itimpliesthatantsregularlyassessthecomplexityoftheirenvironmentandchangetheirdecisionsbasedontheirconclusion.(這意味著螞蟻定期評(píng)估其環(huán)境的復(fù)雜性，并根據(jù)他們的結(jié)論改變他們的決定)”可知，研究者進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)后續(xù)研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)人為移除沙漠螞蟻的鹽田巢穴的小丘時(shí)，一些螞蟻重新建造了它們的小丘，而有一些螞蟻利用人為搭建的地標(biāo)建巢。由此可知，螞蟻會(huì)定期評(píng)估周?chē)h(huán)境的復(fù)雜性，并根據(jù)自己的結(jié)論改變決策。故選A。第二節(jié)（共5小題：每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Astheconceptofemotionalintelligence(EI)hasgoneglobal,we’vewatchedprofessionalsfailastheytrytoimprovetheiremotionalintelligencebecausetheyeitherdon’tknowwheretofocustheireffortsortheyhaven’tunderstoodhowtoimprovetheseskillsonapracticallevel.Inourworkconsultingwithcompaniesandcoachingleaders,wehavefoundthatifyou’relookingtodevelopparticularEIstrengths,ithelpstoconsiderareasforimprovementothershaveidentifiedalongwiththegoalsyouwanttoachieve,andthentoactivelybuildhabitsinthoseareasratherthansimplyrelyingonunderstandingthemconceptually.Thefirststepistogetasenseofhowyourself-perception(howyouseeyourself)differsfromyourreputation(howothersseeyou);____16____.Forexample,mostofusthinkthatwe’regoodlisteners,butveryoftenthat’sreallynotthecase.Withoutthisexternalrealitycheck,itwillbedifficultforyoutoidentifythewaysthatyouractionsaffectyourperformance.Gettingfeedbackfromotherscanalsoprovideproofofthenecessityofshiftingourbehaviourandmotivationtodoso.Togiveyouthebestsenseofwherethedifferencesliebetweenyourself-perceptionandreputation,youshouldusea360-degreefeedbackassessmentthattakesintoaccountthemultiplefacetsofEI;____17____.Secondly,whenyougetyourfeedbackfromanassessment,letthatinformwhatyouwanttoimprove.Butalsoconsiderwhatyourgoalsare.Whenitcomestocultivatingstrengthsinemotionalintelligence,____18____.Youremotionalintelligenceissotiedupinyoursenseofselfthatbeingintrinsicallymotivatedtomaketheeffortmattersmorewhenchanginglong-standinghabitsthanitdoeswhensimplylearningaskill.Thatmeanstheareasthatyouchoosetoactivelyworkonshouldlieatthecrossroadsofthefeedbackyou’vegottenandtheareasthataremostimportanttoyourownaspirations;____19____asyoudotheworkofstrengtheningyouremotionalintelligence.Onceyou’vedeterminedwhichEIskillsyouwanttofocuson,identifyspecificactionsthatyou’lltake.Ifyou’reworkingonbecomingabetterlistener,forexample,youmightdecidethatwhenyou’reconversingwithsomeoneyou’lltakethetimetopause,listentowhattheyhavetosay,andcheckthatyouunderstandbeforeyoureply.Keepitspecific:____20____.Bystartingtochangeyourroutinereactions,you’llbewellonyourwaytofiguringouttheoldhabitsthataren’tservingyouwellandtransformingthemintonew,improvedonesthatdo.A.you’reatahugedisadvantageifyou’reonlyinterestedbecauseotherssaidyoushouldbeB.bearingyourgoalsinmindissohelpfultoimprovethepositiveimpactofyourcurrentEIhabitsC.youshouldalsotakeeveryopportunitytopracticetheskillyouaredeveloping,nomatterhowsmallD.understandingtheimpactsofyourEIhabitsrelativetoyourgoalswillkeepyougoingoverthelongrunE.thekeyistofindonethatguaranteesnopersonalinformationofthosegivingyoufeedbackwillbeleakedF.howothersseeyouwilltosomeextentdecidehowyouseeothersandhelpyoubecomeagoodlistenerG.thisistruebecausewecanbeblindtohowweexpressandreadtheemotionalcomponentsofourinteractions【答案】16.G17.E18.A19.D20.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要探討了提高情商的方法：了解自我認(rèn)知與聲譽(yù)之間的區(qū)別，明確目標(biāo)，確定改變具體的行動(dòng)?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Thefirststepistogetasenseofhowyourself-perception(howyouseeyourself)differsfromyourreputation(howothersseeyou);(第一步是弄清楚你的自我認(rèn)知(你如何看待自己)和你的聲譽(yù)(別人如何看待你)有何不同)”可知，提高情商第一步得弄清楚你對(duì)自己的看法和別人對(duì)你的看法有何不同。再結(jié)合后句“Forexample,mostofusthinkthatwe’regoodlisteners,butveryoftenthat’sreallynotthecase.Withoutthisexternalrealitycheck,itwillbedifficultforyoutoidentifythewaysthatyouractionsaffectyourperformance.(例如，我們大多數(shù)人都認(rèn)為自己是好的傾聽(tīng)者，但事實(shí)往往并非如此。如果沒(méi)有這種外部的現(xiàn)實(shí)檢查，你就很難確定你的行為是如何影響你的表現(xiàn)的)”可知，其他人的看法會(huì)給我們提供一些好的反饋。G選項(xiàng)“thisistruebecausewecanbeblindtohowweexpressandreadtheemotionalcomponentsofourinteractions(這是真的，因?yàn)槲覀兛赡軐?duì)我們?nèi)绾伪磉_(dá)和解讀互動(dòng)中的情感成分視而不見(jiàn))”符合語(yǔ)境，下文是對(duì)選項(xiàng)的舉例說(shuō)明。故選G項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Togiveyouthebestsenseofwherethedifferencesliebetweenyourself-perceptionandreputation,youshouldusea360-degreefeedbackassessmentthattakesintoaccountthemultiplefacetsofEI;(為了讓你更好地了解你的自我認(rèn)知和聲譽(yù)之間的差異，你應(yīng)該使用考慮到情商的多個(gè)方面的360度反饋評(píng)估)”可知，了解差異的最佳方式是采用360°反饋評(píng)估。且空后內(nèi)容為方法的第二步，由此推知，空處承接上文陳述在尋找反饋時(shí)的注意事項(xiàng)。E選項(xiàng)“thekeyistofindonethatguaranteesnopersonalinformationofthosegivingyoufeedbackwillbeleaked(關(guān)鍵是要找到一個(gè)能保證給你反饋的人的個(gè)人信息不會(huì)泄露的人)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選E項(xiàng)。【18題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Youremotionalintelligenceissotiedupinyoursenseofselfthatbeingintrinsicallymotivatedtomaketheeffortmattersmorewhenchanginglong-standinghabitsthanitdoeswhensimplylearningaskill.(你的情商與你的自我意識(shí)密切相關(guān)，所以在改變長(zhǎng)期的習(xí)慣時(shí)，內(nèi)在的動(dòng)力更重要，而不僅僅是學(xué)習(xí)一項(xiàng)技能)”可知，內(nèi)在的動(dòng)力很重要，不能被其他人的言論影響。再結(jié)合上文上文“Whenitcomestocultivatingstrengthsinemotionalintelligence(說(shuō)到培養(yǎng)情商方面的優(yōu)勢(shì))”可知，當(dāng)提到培養(yǎng)情商時(shí)，如果因?yàn)閯e人的言論而去做一件事，就是處于劣勢(shì)。A選項(xiàng)“you’reatahugedisadvantageifyou’reonlyinterestedbecauseotherssaidyoushouldbe(如果你只是因?yàn)閯e人說(shuō)你應(yīng)該感興趣，你就會(huì)處于極大的劣勢(shì))”符合語(yǔ)境。故選A項(xiàng)。【19題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Thatmeanstheareasthatyouchoosetoactivelyworkonshouldlieatthecrossroadsofthefeedbackyou’vegottenandtheareasthotaremostimportanttoyourownaspirations;(這意味著你選擇積極努力的領(lǐng)域應(yīng)該處于你所獲得的反饋和對(duì)你自己的理想最重要的領(lǐng)域的十字路口)”可知，我們要找準(zhǔn)我們應(yīng)該積極努力的區(qū)域。D選項(xiàng)“understandingtheimpactsofyourEIhabitsrelativetoyourgoalswillkeepyougoingoverthelongrun(了解你的情商習(xí)慣對(duì)你的目標(biāo)的影響會(huì)讓你在長(zhǎng)期的發(fā)展中保持下去)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選D項(xiàng)。【20題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Ifyou’reworkingonbecomingabetterlistener,forexample,youmightdecidethatwhenyou’reconversingwithsomeoneyou’lltakethetimetopause,listentowhattheyhavetosay,andcheckthatyouunderstandbeforeyoureply.Keepitspecific:(例如，如果你正在努力成為一個(gè)更好的傾聽(tīng)者，你可能會(huì)決定當(dāng)你和別人交談時(shí)，你會(huì)花時(shí)間停下來(lái)，聽(tīng)他們說(shuō)什么，在回答之前檢查你是否理解。具體一點(diǎn))”可知，我們要花時(shí)間停下來(lái)認(rèn)真聽(tīng)別人的話，下文應(yīng)陳述具體應(yīng)該怎么做。C選項(xiàng)“youshouldalsotakeeveryopportunitytopracticetheskillyouaredeveloping,nomatterhowsmall(你也應(yīng)該珍惜每一個(gè)練習(xí)你正在培養(yǎng)的技能的機(jī)會(huì)，無(wú)論多么小)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選C項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題：每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Theexpression,“Everybody’sdoingit,”isverymuchatthecenteroftheconceptofpeerpressure.Itisasocialinfluenceappliedonanindividualinordertogetthatpersontoactorbelieveina(n)___21___wayasalargergroup.Thisinfluencecanbenegativeorpositive,andcanexistinbothlargeandsmallgroups.Peoplearesocialcreaturesbynature,andsoitishardly___22___thatsomepartoftheirself-respectcomesfromtheapprovalofothers.Thisinstinctexplainswhytheapprovalofpeers,andthefearof___23___,issuchapowerfulforceinmanypeople’slives.Thisinstinctdrivespeopletodressonewayathomeandano