2023北京東城高三二模英語（教師版）

2023北京東城高三二模英語本試卷共11頁，共100分。考試時長90分鐘?？忌鷦毡貙⒋鸢复鹪诖痤}卡上，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分：知識運用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。OneOctobermorning,IplannedtotakeHoney,mydog,outwithme.Weliveina___1___areaupinthehills.Ourdrivewayisbarelywideenoughforonecar,witharavine(深溝)ononeside.WhileIwasstartingthecarslowly,aflashofsunlight___2___me.Iputmyhanduptoblockthesunlight.Suddenly,thecarslippedinthesoftsoil,androlleddowntheravine.Afterseveralrolls,we___3___upsidedown.Iwasstuckandfeltasharppaininmychest.IlookedovertofindHoney.Luckily,shewasokay.Wewereatleast50feetdown.JustasI’d___4___,mycellphonecouldn’tgetasignal.Calmdown!Itoldmyself.AtleastIcouldgetHoneyoutofhere.Painfully,Ireachedoverandpickedherupand___5___putherthroughabrokenwindow.“Gohome,baby.”Shejumpedtothegroundandracedupthesideoftheravine.Icoulddonothingbutsitthereforhours.Thelastbitoflightfadedaway.Slam!Wasthatacardoor?“Help!”Ishoutedwithallmy___6___.“Mike!Whereareyou?”ItwasRobin,myclosestneighbor,wholivedtwomilesdownhillfromme.Halfanhourlater,therescuecrew___7___andrushedmetothehospital.ThenextdayRobinbroughtHoneytothehospital.Shegotrightupnexttomeonthebedandsnuggled(依偎)close.Withherthere,itwaslikemypain___8___.“IgothomefromworkandHoneywaswaitingforme,”Robinsaid.“Shegot___9___andranincircles,likeshewastryingtotellmesomething!”Robinfiguredhe’dbringHoneybacktomy____10____,andthat’swhenheheardmeshout.Honey,mylife-savinghero!1.A.crowded B.new C.popular D.remote2.A.covered B.blinded C.burnt D.warned3.A.landed B.circled C.drove D.pulled4.A.hesitated B.feared C.agreed D.doubted5.A.actively B.constantly C.gently D.secretly6.A.courage B.wisdom C.patience D.strength7.A.called B.arrived C.formed D.searched8.A.returned B.spread C.froze D.disappeared9.A.confused B.disappointed C.anxious D.bored10.A.house B.car C.hospital D.office第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。TheworldwillobserveInternationalMuseumDayonMay18th.Since1977,thisday_____11_____(celebrate)bytheInternationalCouncilofMuseumsannuallytoraiseawarenessoftherolethatmuseumsplayinthedevelopmentofsociety.Thedayisanexcellentwayof_____12_____(get)moreoftheyoungergenerationsinterestedinthehistoryandcultureavailableinmuseums.Everyyear,theorganization_____13_____(decide)onanewtheme.Andthethemefor2023isMuseums,SustainabilityandWell-being.B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Iama22-year-oldartist.Myjourneythroughartledmetobeinganenvironmentalist._____14_____weconsiderwastemaybeusefulwhenwethinkaboutitinadifferentlight.Althoughlargely_____15_____(ignore),materialsthrownawayprovideplentyofresourcesforusartiststogivethemasecondlife.Inmyhands,glassbottles,plasticbags,andotherwaste_____16_____(item)becomeaformofsustainableart.Iwanttomotivatethepeoplewhobuythistypeofarttocontributetotheplanet’swelfare.C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Readingisauniquehumanexperience.Justbyskimmingoureyesoversomewords,wecan_____17_____(mental)travelacrosstimeandspace.Butreadingcanalsobehard,especiallywhenwe’refacedwithadifficulttext.____18____(make)itaneasier,morerewardingexperience,you’dbetterreadinprintwheneverpossible.Onereasonfordoingsoisthatoureyesarelesslikelytoskimpastprintedwordsthanthose_____19_____screen.Plus,consumingcontentonaphysicalpagehelpsthebrainmakeamentalmapoftheinformation,_____20_____inturnmakesiteasiertorememberdetailsinfuture.第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。APacificScienceCenterfieldtripshavegonevirtual!BringthefunandexcitementofaPacScifieldtriptoyourstudentswhileengagingthemwithenrichingcontentdesignedtoenhanceyourcurriculum(課程)andarousetheircuriosity.PacSci’seducatorsjoinyourclassroomlivefromourCuriosityStudio,andleadstudentsthroughlivesessionsfeaturingsomeofyourfavoriteSTEAMactivities.Eachprogramis40minuteslong.Wemaybeabletoaccommodateshorterorlongerprogramstofityourneeds!AVAILABLEPROGRAMSPieceofMindCost:$300MaximumNumberofParticipants:40BestforGrades:6-10Description:Beinspiredbythepowerofthebrainasstudentslearnhowitcontrolsmemory,movement,andsight.Discoverhowthebrainfunctionsthroughliveactivitiesandfunpuzzles,andseearealhumanbrainsample!SticktheLandingCost:$500(includes3sessions)MaximumNumberofParticipants:30BestforGrades:9-12Description:Overthecourseof3sessions,usethestepsoftheengineeringdesignprocesstobuildamodelofaMarslander.DiveintopastandfuturemissionstoMarsandcarefullyconsiderthecriteriaandrestrictionsforrealMarsmissions.Learnhowengineersarejustoneofthemanycareersthatcontributetocomplexsolarsystemmissions.NightSkyTonightCostVariesbyGroupSize·1-99participants:$250·100-199participants:$350·200+participants:$550MaximumNumberofParticipants:UnlimitedBestforGrades:3-12Description:Becomeatruebackyardastronomer.Learnhowlivingonagiantspinningballchangeswhatcanbeseeneachnight.Discoverhowtofindstars,andevenhowtheskycanbeusedtofinddirections!EcosystemInvestigatorsCost:$200MaximumNumberofParticipants:50BestforGrades:3-8Description:Workasateamtocreateavirtualecosystemmodelrevealinghowlivingandnon-livingpartsconnectandinteractinanaquatic(水生的)environment.Usingnewknowledgeaboutecosysteminteractions,becomeawetlandscientistandexploretherelationshipbetweenorganismsinarealpondsample.Formoredetails,pleasecheckoutourProgramRequirements.21.WhatcanwelearnaboutPacificScienceCenterfieldtrips?A.Eachprogramisforonecertaingrade.B.Theexpenseforeachprogramvaries.C.Thelengthforeachprogramisunchangeable.D.Everyprogramhasamaxnumberofparticipants.22.Cooperationisneededintheprogram__________.A.PieceofMind B.SticktheLandingC.NightSkyTonight D.EcosystemInvestigators23.Thepassageisintendedfor__________.A.tourguides B.researchscientistsC.schoolteachers D.programdesignersBRunbySocietyforScience,RegeneronScienceTalentSearchisapremierscienceandmathcompetitionforhigh-schoolseniors.Oneofthewinnersofthisyearis17-year-oldEthanWong,whotriestoimproveexistingtechnology.Hisfocus:airplanes.Nearlyallplaneshaveatail.Thetailkeepstheplane’snosefromsuddenlychangingdirectionduringaturn.Thestructureaddsstabilitybutweighstheplanedown.Tailless-designedairplanewingscouldservethesamefunctionasthetail,aswellascuttingtheenvironmentalcostofairtravel.Butthere’sacatch.Thosewingsmusttwist(彎曲)inaveryprecisewaythatmakesthemhardtoproduce.EthanbecamefascinatedbythiskindofairplanedesignwhenhesawavideoofNASA’sPrandtl-Daircraftglidinggracefullythroughtheairwithoutatail.“Ijustthoughtthatwasreallycool,”saysEthan.Hewonderedifhecouldfindasimplerwaytoachievethesametaillessflight.“EssentiallywhatIdidwasjusttrialanderror,”Ethansays.Usingacomputermodelofanairplanewing,headjustedtheangleoftwistalongthewinguntilitcouldachievetaillessflight.Usually,suchawingrequiresacontinuousdistributionofwingtwist.Buthecouldachieveasimilareffectwithwingsthathadjustafewsectionsoftwist.“It’ssupereasytomake,”Ethansays.Inhisgarage,Ethanbuiltmodelairplanesusingrubbermaterialsandpackingtapetotesthisdesign.“Seeingtheplaneintheairwasprettycool,”Ethansays.“Itjustflewreally,reallywell.”Lighter,moreefficientplanescouldopenthedoortootherairtravelinnovations.“It’sbeenalong-termgoalofminetobuildasolarplanethatcanflythroughthedaypoweredbysolarpanelsonitswings,”Ethansays.“Itisabsolutelypossibleforareallyefficientplane.”Tootherteenswhohavebigengineeringideastoexplore,Ethanalwayssays,“Don’tevergiveup.”Evenwhensomemachineryfeelsimpossibletounderstand,ithelpstorememberthattheworld’sgreatestinventorsareonlyhuman,too.“Also,justmakesureyoulovewhateveryoudo,”Ethanadds.“That’llmakepursuingeverythingaloteasier.”24.Whatisoneadvantageofthetaillessairplane?A.Itmakesaircraftdesigneasier.B.Itisenvironmentallyfriendly.C.Itreducesproductioncosts.D.Itpromotesflightstability.25.WhatdrewEthan’sattentiontothetaillessairplanedesign?A.Thebreakthroughinaircraftmaterials.B.Theflightofanaircraftinavideo.C.Theprizefororiginaldesign.D.Thedesireforinnovation.26.InEthan’sopinion,whathelpinventorsrealizetheirdreams?A.Ambitionandefficiency.B.Enthusiasmandresponsibility.C.Passionanddetermination.D.Confidenceandindependence.CBesidesthetheoryofevolution,CharlesDarwinwasalsoresponsibleforthetheoryofemotion,themostimportantprincipleofwhichwasthatthemindconsistsoftwocompetingforces,therational(理性的)andtheemotional.Hebelievedemotionsplayedapartinthelivesofnon-humananimals,butinhumansemotionswereaverysmallremainingpartwhoseusefulnesshadbeenlargelyreplacedbytheevolutionofreason.Thistheorydominatedhisfieldformorethanacentury,butitwasdeadwrong.Wenowknowthat,onthecontrary,emotionsenhanceourprocessofreasoningandaidourdecision-making.Infact,wecan’tmakedecisions,oreventhink,withoutbeinginfluencedbyouremotions.Considerapioneering2020studyinwhichresearchersanalyzedtheworkof118professionaltradersatfourinvestmentbanks.Somewerehighlysuccessful,butmanywerenot.Theresearchers’goalwastounderstandwhatdifferentiatedthetwogroups.Theirconclusion?Thetradershaddifferentattitudestowardemotions.Therelativelylesssuccessfultradersforthemostpartdeniedthatemotionshadaneffectontheirdecision-making.Themostsuccessfultraders,incontrast,hadadifferentattitude.Theyshowedagreatwillingnesstoreflectontheiremotion-drivenbehaviour.Theyrecognisedthatemotionandgooddecision-makingwerelinked.Acceptingthatemotionswerenecessaryforhighperformance,theytendedtoreflectcriticallyabouttheroleofemotion.Thoughthesuccessfultradersacceptedthepositiveandessentialroleemotionsplayed,theyunderstoodthatwhenemotionsbecometoointenseitisusefultoknowhowtotonethemdown.Theissueforthemwasnothowtoavoidemotion,buthowtoharnessit.Ifemotionsaidrationalreasoning,howdoesthatwork?Perhapsthemostimportantdiscoveryregardingtheroleofemotionisthatevenwhenyoubelieveyouareexercisingcold,logicalreason,youaren’t.Peoplearen’tusuallyawareofit,buttheveryframeworkoftheirthoughtprocessishighlyinfluencedbywhatthey’refeelingatthetime.AstheCaltechneuroscientistRalphAdolphsputsit:“Eachemotionisafunctionalstateofthemindthatputsyourbraininaparticularmodeofoperationthatadjustsyourgoals,directsyourattention,andmodifies(調(diào)整)theweightsyouassigntovariousfactorsasyoudomentalcalculations.ThenewviewofemotionmaynotcorrespondtothewayDarwinsawit,butitdoessupportoneofthebasicconclusionsofhistheoryofevolution:humansarenotasdifferentfromnon-humananimalsaspeoplebelieved.Wanttofarebetter?Valueandregulateyouremotion.27.Basedonthestudy,successfultraderswould__________.A.revealtheirhiddenemotionsB.owetheirsuccesstoemotionsC.reviewdecisionsdependingonemotionsD.examinetheiractionsinfluencedbyemotions28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“harness”inParagraph4mostprobablymean?A.Controlanduse. B.Analyseandrelease.C.Faceandadaptto. D.Understandandaccept.29.AccordingtoParagraph5,whichofthefollowingisthebestexampleofRalphAdolphs’words?A.Confidencemayexposeonetomorechances.B.Depressionwillconsumeone’senergy.C.Angermayleadonetorisk-seeking.D.Optimismwillaffectone’shealth.30.Whatismainlydiscussedinthepassage?A.Thecontributingfactorstoemotions.B.Theworkablestrategiesofemotions.C.Theworkingprincipleofemotions.D.Theconstructiveroleofemotions.DSeptember2022wasapparentlythemonthartificialintelligenceessayanxietyboiledoverinacademia,afterauserofanAIwritingserviceclaimedtobegettingstraightA’swithessays“written”usingartificialintelligence.Mostprofessorsexpressedconcern.Onewrote,“GradingsomethinganAIwroteisanincrediblydepressingwasteofmylife.”Asallthisonlinedepressionwasplayingout,Iaskedmystudents,whoweremostlymajorsinwriting,tosubmita2,000-wordproposalaboutalocalissue.IaskedthemtorelyontheAIasmuchaspossible.Afterreviewingtheir22AIessays,Icantellyouconfidentlythatthetechnologyjustisn’tthere.Mystudentsusedfreeaccessibletextgeneratorsonlineandputinalotofeffort.But,ifIhadbelievedtheseweregenuinestudentessays,theverybestwouldhaveearnedsomewherearoundaCorC-minus.ManyoftheessayshadobviousredflagsforAIgeneration:outdatedfacts,quotesfromprioruniversitypresidentspresentedascurrentpresidents,fictionalprofessorsandnamedstudentorganizationsthatdon’texist.Atthesametime,thestudentsreportedthatusingAIrequiredfarmoretimethansimplywritingtheiressaystheold-fashionedwaywouldhave.TherehasbeenafairamountwrittenaboutthesupposedimpressivenessofAI-generatedtext.Thereareevenseveralhigh-profileAI-writtenarticles,essaysorevenscientificpapersorscreenplaysthatshowcasethisimpressiveness.Inmanyofthesecases,the“authors”haveaccesstohigher-qualitylanguagemodelsthanmoststudentsarecurrentlyabletouse.But,moreimportantly,thepublishedexamplesaregenerallythepolishedformofprofessionalwritersandeditors.Incontrast,manyofmystudents’AI-generatedessaysshowedthecommonproblemsofstudentwriting—uncertaintyabouttheappropriatewritingstyle,issueswithorganizationandtransitions,andinconsistentparagraphing.Obviously,producingaqualityessaywithAIrequireshavinghighwritingskillandrevisingskilltoproduceappropriateoutputs.MyexperimentalsotellsmethatagoodassignmentsheetisthebestdefenseagainstAIessays.Ifyourassignmentis“DescribethereasonsfortheU.S.CivilWar”,youaremorelikelytogetAIordownloadedessaysubmissions.Myassignmentwasachallengebecauseitaskedstudentstoaddresslocalissuesofconcern.TherearejustnotenoughrelevantexamplesinthedatatheAItextgeneratorsaredrawingfrom.Ithasbeenjustoverfiveyearssincecomputerscientistsdeclared,“Weshouldstoptrainingradiologists(放射科醫(yī)生)now.Deeplearningisgoingtodobetterthanradiologists.”Well,we’restilltrainingradiologists,andthere’snoindicationthatdeeplearningisgoingtoreplacehumandoctorsanytimesoon.Inmuchthesameway,Istronglysuspectfull-onrobotwritingwillalwaysandforeverbe“justaroundthecorner”.31.Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudentsintheexperiment?A.Theirwritingefficiencywasaffected.B.Theiressayswerebetterstructured.C.TheypreferredAI-writtenessays.D.TheyovercameAI’sweaknesses.32.WhatdoestheauthorimplyinParagraph3?A.Onlinetextgeneratorsarefarfromreliable.B.Genuinestudentessaysdeservehighermarks.C.Studentsneedtohavebettermasteryoftechnology.D.RevisingapplicationsdecidethequalityofAIessays.33.Intheauthor’sopinion,whatmaydiscouragetheuseofAItextgenerators?A.Standardcriteria B.Strictregulations..C.Clearinstructions. D.Uniquewritingtasks.34.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.ToassessAI’sinfluenceonstudents’writing.B.TodiscussthethreatofAItotheteachingofwriting.C.ToappealfortheappropriateapplicationofAItextgenerators.D.ToanalysethedifferencesbetweengenuineandAl-writtenessays.第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Wehaveallbeenguiltyofbeingoveroptimisticwhenpredictinghowlongataskwilltakebecauseoftheplanningfallacy.Firstidentifiedin1977,theplanningfallacywasdefinedas:“thetendencytounderestimatetheamountoftimeneededtocompleteafuturetask,dueinparttotherelianceonoverlyoptimisticperformancescenarios(預測).”Itisextremelycommon._____35_____Forinstance,astudyconductedwithpsychologystudentsfoundthatonly30%ofthemmanagedtocompletetheirseniorpapersintheamountoftimetheypredicted.What’smore,theplanningfallacyisanincrediblystubbornproblem._____36_____Whileweareabletorecognisepastpredictionswherewehavebeenover-optimistic,weoftenkeeponinsistingthatourcurrentpredictionsarerealistic.Theplanningfallacyissuchadeep-rootedbehavior.However,thereareafewsystematicstrategiesyoucanusetostartbuildingthehabitofdouble-checkingyourtimeestimates.Forinstance,youcantaketheoutsideview._____37_____Makesuretoconsultexpertsandpeoplewhohaveattemptedtocompletesimilarprojectsinthepast.Ifyou’reastudent,talktoseniorstudents;ifyou’rewritingabook,joinanetworkofwriters._____38_____Youneedtodifferentiatebetweentasksthatareurgentandimportant,importantbutnoturgent,urgentbutnotimportant,neitherurgentnorimportant.Onceyouhaveanobjectiveestimateofthetimeitwilltaketocompleteaproject,youneedtomakesureyouhavethetimeandresourcestocarryoutyourplan._____39_____Breakdownbigtasksintosmaller,manageablechunks.Don’twaituntilthelastminutetoletpeopleknowyoumayneedtheirhelpinthenearfuture.A.Definingyourprioritiesalsohelps.B.Wedon’tlearnfromourpreviousmistakes.C.Donotbaseyourestimatesonyourowncriteria.D.Focusingonfinedetailsistherecommendedpractice.E.Wecanseemanyfailedorlateprojects,whichleadtotimewasting.F.Therehavebeenlotsofstudiesconfirmingtheexistenceoftheplanningfallacy.G.Blocktimeinyourcalendar,andmakesuretheresourcesyouneedareavailable.第三部分：書面表達(共兩節(jié)，32分)第一節(jié)(共4小題;第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。Withsociety’shighpressurestoachieve,it’sunderstandablethatindividualsprefertohidetheirweakpoints—butdoingsocomesatacost.IlearnedthatlessonwhenIparticipatedinahikingexpedition.Asanewhiker,Istruggled.Thetripwasdifficulttomeevenwithoutneedingtocarrymyheavycampingpacks.Iwassloweddown,yetIrefusedtotellmyteammatesinhopesthatIwouldseemperseverant.Tomydelightandsurprise,oneofthemoreactivemembersrequestedthatwestopforabreak.IquicklyrealizedIwasn’ttheonlyonehidingmyweaknessesafternoticingtherestoftheteam’sapparentrelief.Formanyofus,authenticity,orbehavingasone’strueselfindailylife,isquitechallenging.Associalbeings,we’velearnedtoadaptandfitintoourenvironment,makingitchallengingtodisplaywhoweareattimes.Yet,theadvantageofauthenticityisevident,drivingitsrecentpopularityamongthoughtleaders.Authenticityevenimprovedmyhikingexperience—themomentmygroupadmittedtoourshortcomingswaswhenwestartedworkingbetterasateam.So,canbeingourselvesnotonlyhelpusworkbetter,buthelpthosewhoworkaroundus?Thetruthis,itcan.Researchershavefoundthatnotonlydidauthenticworkershavehigherworkengagementandlowerworktiredness,buttheirteammateshadthesameresults,regardlessofwhethertheyweregenuinethemselves.Theresultssuggestthatthebenefitsofauthenticitygobeyondtheindividual,andspreadtoteammatesaswell.So,wecanimproveourteammates’workbehaviorbymerelybeingourselves.Whydoesauthenticityboostourteammates?Thisisbecauseauthenticteammatesdonotprioritizeprotectingthemselvesatthecostoftheirworkorrelationships.Instead,theyrecognizetheinterestsofboththemselvesandotherswhenmakingdecisions.Thisallowsthosetheyworkwithtofeelsafewhilebeingthemselvesatwork.Byfocusinglessonappearinghard-workinginhopestogetahead—andmoreontryingtobebetterall-aroundindividuals—authenticteammatescanmakeagreatimpactontheirworkenvironment.40.Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenoneteammemberaskedforarestduringthehiking?_______________________________________________________________41.Whyisithardforpeopletodisplaytheirtrueselves?_______________________________________________________________42.Decidewhichpartofthefollowingstatementiswrong.Underlineitandexplainwhy.Authenticworkersfeelsafebybeingthenselvesatwork,soauthenticityboost