2024新高考英語專題復習4主語從句和短文縮寫導學案

2024新高考英語專題復習：主語從句和短文縮寫導學案(1)Thathewillwiniscertain.他肯定會贏。(2)Whetherhewilleisn’tclear.他是否會來還不清楚。(1)ItispossiblethathehassItisuncertainifheThathewasillyesterdayisknownno(1)Whohasbrokentheglassisunk(2)Whathewantsisallhere.他所要的東(1)Howheworkeditoutisstillasecret.他是(2)WhattheymakesinthisfactoryareTV二是主語從句通常用it作形式主語，尤其是在Itis+名詞

二、真題解析1.TensofthousandsofpeoplemarchedtotheMartinLutherKingJr.Memorial,celebratingthe50thanniversaryofKing'sfamousspeech,throughwhichweknow

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hesaidmeanttotheblack.A.thatwhat B.whatthat C.what;what D.that;which2._________withtherightknowledgecangivefirstaid.A.Who B.WhoeverC.AnyoneD.Whoever課堂精練I.Choosethebestanswer.1.________makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.What B.That C.Whoever D.Whatever2.Itworriedherabit________herhairwasturninggrey.A.while B.that C.if D.for3.Whenandwhyhecamehere________yet.A.isnotknown B.arenotknown C.hasnotknown D.havenotknown4.________isnoreasonfordismissingher.A.Becauseshewasafewminuteslate B.OwingtoafewminuteslateC.Thefactthatshewasafewminuteslate D.Beingafewminuteslate5.________Tomlikedtoeatwasdifferentfrom________.A.That…thatyouhadexpected B.What…thatyouhadexpectedC.That…whatyouhadexpected D.What…whatyouhadexpected6.________wegoswimmingeveryday________usalotofgood.A.If...do B.That...do C.If...does D.That...does7.It________Bobdrivesbadly.A.thinksthat B.isthoughtwhat C.thoughtthat D.isthoughtthat8.It'suncertain________theexperimentisworthdoing.A.if B.that C.whether D.how9.________theboydidn'ttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.A.That B.What C.How D.Which10.________wecan'tgetseemsbetterthan________wehave.A.What,what B.What,that C.That,that D.That,what11.________youdon'tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.What B.Who C.That D.Whether12.________we'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where13._________isgoingtodothejobwillbedecidedbythePartymittee.A.That B.Why C.How D.Who14.________we'llfinishtranslatingthebookdependsonthetime.A.When B.Why C.What D.That15.________hewon'tgothereiscleartoallofus.A.How B.What C.Why D.This16.________thehousewillbebuiltwillbediscussedattomorrow'smeeting.A.If B.Where C.That D.What17.________youeornotisuptoyou.A.What B.If C.Why D.Whether18.________thecabinetreactedtotheAmericanproposalremainsunknown.A.What B.That C.How D.It19.________teamwillwinthematchisamatterofpublicconcern.A.Which B.That C.If D.How20.________leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.Anyone B.Theperson C.Whoever D.Who高考題：1.Itneveroccurredtome_______youcouldsucceedinpersuadinghimtochangehismind.A.which B.what C.that D.if2.It'sobvioustothestudents________theyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.A.as B.that C.which D.whether3.________somepeopleregardasadrawbackisseenasaplugbymanyothers.A.Whether B.What C.That D.How4.Itisuncertain________sideeffectthemedicinewillbringabout,althoughabouttwothousandpatientshavetakenit.A.that B.how C.what D.whetherII.Fillintheblankswithproperwords.1._________isestimatedthatasmuchasonefifthofalltimberharvestedisnotused.2._________hesaidcanbeheardclearlythroughtelephone,whereverheisinothercontinentoroversea.3._________wehaveachievedisattributedtotheguidanceofourparents.4._________yousaynowcan’tmakeupforwhatyou’vedone.5.Although_________happenedinthisdevelopedcountrysoundslikesciencefiction,itcouldoccurelsewhereintheworld.6._________occurredtoherthatshehadforgottentotakehernotebook.7.Iamsurethat_________shesaidiswrong.8.Welostourwayintheforest,and_________mademattersworsewasthatitwasgettingdark.9._________occurredtohimthathehadforgottentolockthedoorwhenhelefthome.10._________he’singornotisstilluncertain.11.It’sdoubtful_________he’llbeabletoe.12._________issaidthatthebridgehasexistedformorethanthreecenturies.13._________thelifeexpectancyandtheinfantmortalitywereincreasedsofastindevelopingcountiesisstillamystery.14.Itisnotimmediatelyclear_________thefinancialcrisiswillsoonbeover.15.It’snodoubt_________he’llbeabletoe.16._________isremarkablethataspoonfulofsoilcantellussomuchaboutthestructureandearlyhistoryofthemoon.17.Idoubt_________theycantaketheicebucketchallengeandwintheprize.18.

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III.Translation.1.這一計劃是否可行還有等證實。_____________________________________________________________________2.犯人是如何逃跑的是個迷。_____________________________________________________________________3.他此行所見所聞都給他留下了深刻的印象。_____________________________________________________________________4.他的車在高速公路上壞了，這是常事

。_____________________________________________________________________5.人人生而平等，男女享有平等權利，無非是口號和愿望。_____________________________________________________________________6.大家一致認為任何有責任心和毅力的人都有資格申請該職位。_____________________________________________________________________7.如何保護我們的視力是個重要的問題，每個青少年都應該知道答案。_____________________________________________________________________教師小結教師小結______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________自我總結自我總結______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________時間：______________________學生簽字______________________

專題復習專題復習短文縮寫—句子縮寫技巧課堂精講一、句子縮寫技巧刪除：細節(jié)、舉例、描述和重復；變化：復合句變簡單句；簡單句變短語；合并句子；具體描述詞匯變簡潔概括詞匯；長連詞變短連詞，被動句變主動句等。二、例題解析：請縮寫下列句子：例1：Hewashardupformoneyandwasbeingpressedbyhiscreditor.__________________________________________________________.例2：Hiscourageinbattlemightwithoutexaggerationbecalledlionlike.___________________________________________________________.例3：BeautifulmountainslikeMountTai,LushanMountain,andMountHuang,werevisitedbyonlyafewpeopleinthepast.Today,betterwages,holidayswithpay,newhotelsonthesemountains,andbettertrainandbusservices,havebroughtthemwithinreachofmanywhoneverthoughtofvisitingthemtenyearsago._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________例4：ShebroughthomeseveralChineseandEnglishnovels,afewcopiesofTimeandNewsweekandsometextbooks.Sheintendedtoreadallofthemduringthewintervocation.例5：KatelookedatPauldisapprovingly:Youusemuchtoomuchsaltonyourfood,Paul—it’snotgoodforyou!”Paulputdownhisknifeandfrowned:”Whyonearthnot!Ifyoudidn’thavesaltonyourfooditwouldtasteawful…likeeatingcardboardorsand…justimaginebreadwithoutsaltinit,orpotatoesorpastacookedwithoutsalt!”Katewaspatient.Shedidn’twanttoquarrelwithPaul.Shewantedtopersuadehim.Shesaidfirmly:”Buttoomuchsaltisbadforyou.Itcausehighbloodpressureandlatteron,heartattacks.Italsodisguisesthetasteoffood,therealtasteswhicharemuchmoresubtlethansalt,andwhichwehavelostthesensitivitytoappreciateanymore._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________課堂精練Condensethefollowingsentencesintoshort,selfcontainedsentences.1.TheAmericaneconomicsystemis,organizedaroundabasicallyprivateenterprise,marketorientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargelydeterminewhatshallbeproducedbyspendingtheirmoneyinthemarketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywantmost.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.Thus,intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthedemandofindividualconsumers,coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirines,thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.Thisphenomenonhascreatedseriousconcernsovertheroleofsmallereconomicfirms,ofnationalbusinessmenandovertheultimatestabilityoftheworldeconomy.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.FirstputforwardbytheFrenchmathematicianPierredeFormatintheseventeenthcentury,thetheoremhadbaffledandbeatenthefinestmathematicalminds,includingaFrenchwomanscientistwhomadeamajoradvanceinworkingouttheproblem,andwhohadtodresslikeamaninordertobeabletostudyattheEcolabpolytechnique.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.ItisdifficulttomeasurethequantityofpaperusedasaresultofuseofInternetconnectedputers,althoughjustaboutanyonewhoworksinanofficecantellyouthatwhenemailisintroduced,theprintersstartworkingovertime.Thatis,thegrowingdemandforpaperinrecentyearsislargelyduetotheincreaseduseoftheInternet.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6.Wehavedifferentwordforsomefoods,meatinparticular,dependingonwhetheritisstilloutinthefieldsorathomereadytobecooked,whichshowsthefactthattheSaxonpeasantsweredoingthefarming,whiletheupperclassNormansweredoingmostoftheeating.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7.Themajormarketforcerestsinthegrowingpopulationofwhitecollaremployees,whocanaffordthenewservice,inotherwords,Shanghai’scarrentalindustryisgrowingsofastmainlyduetotheincreasingnumberofwhitecollaremployees.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8.Atthesametimetheseputersrecordwhichhoursarebusiestandwhichemployersarethemostefficient,allowingpersonnelandstaffingassignmentstobemadeaccordingly.Andtheyalsoidentifypreferredcustomersforpromotionalcampaigns.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9.Numerousothermercialenterprises,fromtheaterstomagazinepublishers,fromgasandelectricutilitiestomilkprocessors,bringbetterandmoreefficientservicestoconsumersthroughtheuseofputers.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10.Exceptionalchildrenaredifferentinsomesignificantwayfromothersofthesameage.Forthesechildrentodeveloptotheirfulladultpotential,theireducationmustbeadaptedtothosedifferences.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________教師小結教師小結______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________自我總結自我總結______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________時間：______________________學生簽字______________________綜合能力訓練綜合能力訓練A

IrecognizeandrespectthateducationinstitutessuchasStMargaret’sSecondarySchoolwillnaturallyhaverules__1__(set)inplacethatfostertherightvaluesandetiquetteinbothteenageboysandgirlsalike.__2__IfoundsurprisingwasStMargaret’sSecondarySchool’sprincipal,MrsMarionTan’s,utterlackofcontextandpassionforthe3girlswhoshavedtheirheads__3__(raise)fundsfortheChild’sCancerFoundation.

Thesegirlsdidnotshavetheirheadstomakeafashionstatement.Atanage__4__thesegirlsarepossiblythemostphysicallyinsecure,theychosetomakeasocietalstatement__5__behalfofchildrenwithcancerthatitisperfectlyfinetobebald.

Iampersonallyasupporterforstrictdisciplineofastudentfortherightreasons,__6__surelythesegirlsshouldnothavebeenpunishedfortheirgoodintentions?

Astheprincipalofasecondaryschoolthatpromotesfor“caringyoungladieswhowillserveGod,theCountryandthemunity”,Mrs.MarionTanisofpowertomakeadifferenceinyounggirls’lives.

Theseyounggirlsclearlylivedup__7__theschool’svalueof__8__(show)caresowhatIcannotunderstandis,whichpartoftheschool’svaluestalksaboutthe“turnoutasayounglady”becauseshegaveherhairuptopromoteacceptanceandempathy.

Separately,Ibelieveitisnecessarythataninfluentialpersonalityintoday’sYouthshouldalwayskeep__9__uptodatetowhatmakesetiquetteinamodernwoman.Thereisnopointineducationifawoman’srightstoherownappearanceforthe__10__(great)goodaregovernedbythatofanotherperson’sopinionmaleorfemale.B Haveyoueverwonderedwhatourfutureislike?Practicallyallpeople__1__adesiretopredicttheirfuture__2__.Mostpeopleseeminclinedtoundertakethistaskusingcausalreasoning.Firstwe__3__recognizethatfuturecircumstancesaresomehowcausedorconditionedbypresentones.Welearnthatgettinganeducationwill__4__howmuchmoneyweearnlaterandthatswimmingbeyondthereefmaybringanunhappy__5__withashark.Second,peoplealsolearnthatsuch__6__ofcauseandeffectareprobabilistic(概率的)innature.Thatis,theeffectsoccurmoreoftenwhenthecausesoccurthanwhenthecausesare__7__,butnotalways.Thus,studentslearnthatstudyinghard__8__goodgradesinmostinstances,butnoteverytime.Sciencemakestheseconceptsofcausality(因果關系)andprobabilitymoreexplicit

andprovidestechniquesfor__9__themmoreaccuratelythandoescausalhumaninquiry.Inlookingatordinaryhumaninquiry,weneedtodistinguish

betweenpredictionandunderstanding.Often,evenifwedon'tunderstandwhy,wearewillingtoact__10__thebasisofademonstratedpredictiveability.Whatevertheprimitive__11__thatmotivatehumanbeings,satisfyingthemdependsheavilyontheabilityto__12__futurecircumstances.Theattempttopredictisoftenplayedina__13__ofknowledgeandunderstanding.Ifyoucanunderstandwhycertainregularpatternsoccur,youcanpredictbetterthanifyousimplyobservethosepatterns.__14__,humaninquiryaimsatansweringboth"what"and"why"question,andwepursuethese__15__byobservingandfiguringout.1.A.exhibit

B.exaggerate

C.examine

D.exceed2.A.contexts

B.circumstances

C.inspections

D.intuitions3.A.specially

B.particularly

C.always

D.generally4.A.enact

B.affect

C.reflect

D.inflect5.A.meeting

B.occurrence

C.encounter

D.contact6.A.patterns

B.designs

C.arrangements D.pictures7.A.disappointed

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D.absolute8.A.creates

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D.protects9.A.accountingfor

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D.dealingwith10.A.at

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D.under11.A.dreams

B.doubts

C.drives

D.expectations12.A.predict

B.produce

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D.precede13.A.content

B.contact

C.contest

D.context14.A.Thus

B.Instead

C.Moreover

D.However15.A.purposes

B.ambitions

C.drives

D.goalsCTherearetwofactorswhichdetermineanindividual'sintelligence.Thefirstisthesortofbrainheisbornwith.Humanbrainsdifferconsiderably,somebeingmorecapablethanothers.Butnomatterhowgoodabrainhehastobeginwith,anindividualwillhavealoworderofintelligenceunlesshehasopportunitiestolearn.Sothesecondfactoriswhathappenstotheindividualthesortofenvironmentinwhichheisreared.Ifanindividualishandicappedenvironmentally,itislikelythathisbrainwillfailtodevelopandhewillneverattainthelevelofintelligenceofwhichheiscapable.Theimportanceofenvironmentindetermininganindividual'sintelligencecanbedemonstratedbythecasehistoryoftheidenticaltwins,PeterandMarkX.Beingidentical,thetwinshadidenticalbrainsatbirth,andtheirgrowthprocesseswerethesame.Whenthetwinswerethreemonthsold,theirparentsdied,andtheywereplacedinseparatefosterhomes.Peterwastreatedbyparentsoflowintelligenceinanisolatedmunitywithpooreducationalopportunities.Markwasrearedinthehomeofwelltodoparentswhohadbeentocollege.Hewasreadtoasachild,senttogoodschools,andgiveneveryopportunitytobestimulatedintellectually.Thisenvironmentaldifferencecontinueduntilthetwinswereintheirlateteens,whentheyweregiventeststomeasuretheirintelligence.Mark'sI.Q.was125,twentyfivepointshigherthantheaverageandfullyfortypointshigherthanhisidenticalbrother.Givenequaloppotunities,thetwins,havingidenticalbrains,wouldhavetestedatroughlythesamelevel.1.Thisselectioncanbestbetitled________.A.MeasuringYourIntelligence B.IntelligenceandEnvironmentC.TheCaseofPeterandMark D.HowthebrainInfluencesIntelligence2.Thebeststatementofthemainideaofthispassageisthat________.A.humanbrainsdifferconsiderablyB.thebrainapersonisbornwithisimportantindetermininghisintelligenceC.environmentiscrucialindeterminingaperson'sintelligenceD.personshavingidenticalbrainswillhaveroughlythesameintelligence3.Thecasehistoryofthetwinsappearstosupporttheconclusionthat________.A.individualwithidenticalbrainsseldomtestatsamelevelB.anindividual'sintelligenceisdeterminedonlybyhisenvironmentC.lackofopportunityblocksthegrowthofintelligenceD.changesofenvironmentproducechangesinthestructureofthebrain4.Thispassagesuggeststhatanindividual’sI.Q.________.A.canbepredictedatbirth B.staysthesamethroughouthislifeC.canbeincreasedbyeducation D.isdeterminedbyhischildhoodD Asregardssocialconventions,wemustsayawordaboutthewellknownEnglishclasssystem.ThisisanembarrassingsubjectforEnglishpeople,andonetheytendtobeashamedof,thoughduringthepresentcenturyclassconsciousnesshasgrownlessandless,andtheclasssystemlessrigid.Butitstillexistsbelowthesurface.Broadlyspeaking,itmeanstherearetwoclasses,the“middleclass”andthe“workingclass”.(Weshallignoreforamomenttheold“upperclass”,includingthehereditaryaristocracy,sinceitisextremelysmallinnumbers;butsomeofitsmembershavetherighttositintheHouseofLords,andsomenewspaperstakeasurprisinginterestintheirprivatelife.)Themiddleclassconsistschieflyofwelltodobusinessmenandprofessionalpeopleofallkinds.Theworkingclassconsistschieflyofmanualandunskilledworkers. Themostobviousdifferencebetweenthemisintheiraccent.Middleclasspeopleuseslightlyvaryingkindsof“receivedpronunciation”whichisthekindofEnglishspokenbyBBCannouncersandtaughttooverseaspupils.Typicalworkingclasspeoplespeakinmanydifferentlocalaccentswhicharegenerallyfelttoberatheruglyanduneducated.OneofthebiggestbarriersofsocialequalityinEnglandisthetwoclasseducationsystem.Tohavebeentoasocalled“publicschool”immediatelymarksyououtasoneofthemiddleclass.Themiddleclassestendtoliveamoreformallifethanworkingclasspeople,andareusuallymorecultured.Theirmiddaymealis“l(fā)unch”andtheyhavearatherformaleveningmealcalled“dinner”,whereastheworkingman’sdinner,ifhisworkinghourspermit,isatmidday,andhissmaller,lateeveningmealiscalledsupper. Aswehavesaid,however,theclasssystemismuchlessrigidthanitwas,andforalongtimeithasbeengovernmentpolicytoreduceclassdistinctions.Workingclassstudentsverymonlyreceiveauniversityeducationandentertheprofessions,andworkingclassineshavegrownsomuchrecentlythatthedistinctionsbetweenthetwoclassesarebeinglessandlessclear.However,regardlessofone’ssocialstatus,certainstandardsofpolitenessareexpectedofeverybody,andawellbredpersonispolitetoeveryonehemeets,andtreatsalaborerwiththesamerespecthegivesanimportantbusinessman.Servilityinspiresbothembarrassmentanddislike.Eventheword“sir”,exceptinschoolandincertainoccupations(e.g.merce,thearmyetc.)soundstooserviletobemonlyused.1.Themiddleclassmainlyreferstopeople________.A.whowerebornasaristocratB.whohavetherighttositintheHouseofLordsC.whospeakinmanydifferentlocalaccentsD.whoareprosperousbusinessmenorwhoworkinsomeprofessions2.ThemostobviousdifferencebetweentheworkingclassandthemiddleclassinEnglishistheir________.A.dress B.work C.accent D.meal3.Whyisn’ttheword“sir”monlyusedinBritain?A.Becauseitsoundstooservileandislikelytocauseembarrassment.B.Becauseitcanonlybeusedinsomecertainoccupations.C.Becauseitisanimpoliteword.D.Becauseitshowsthatthespeakerisnotawellbredperson.4.WhichofthefollowingisnottrueabouttheEnglishclasssystem?A.ItisanembarrassingsubjectforEnglishpeople.B.Workingclassstudentscannotreceiveauniversityeducation.C.Theclasssystemismuchlessrigidthanitwas.D.Theclasssystemstillexistsbelowthesurface.E Mostofusaretaughttopayattentiontowhatissaidthewords.Wordsdoprovideuswithsomeinformation,butmeaningsarederivedfromsomanyothersourcesthatitwouldhinderoureffectivenessasapartnertoarelationshiptorelytooheavilyonwordsalone.Wordsareusedtodescribeonlyasmallpartofthemanyideasweassociatewithanygivenmessage.Sometimeswecangaininsightintosomeofthoseassociationsifwelistenformorethanwords.Wedon’talwayssaywhatwemeanormeanwhatwesay.Sometimesourwordsdon’tmeananythingexcept“I’mlettingoffsomesteam.Idon’treallywantyoutopaycloseattentiontowhatI’msaying.JustpayattentiontowhatI’mfeeling.”Mostlywemeanseveralthingsatonce.Apersonwantingtopurchaseahousesaystothecurrentowner,“ThisstephastobefixedbeforeI’llbuy.”Theownersays,“It’sbeenlikethatforyears.”Actually,thestephasn’tbeenlikethatforyears,buttheunspokenmessageis:“Idon’twanttofixit.Weputupwithit.Whycan’tyou?”Thesearchforamoreexpansiveviewofmeaningcanbedevelopedofexaminingamessageintermsofwhosaidit,whenitoccurred,therelatedconditionsorsituation,andhowitwassaid. Whenamessageoccurscanalsorevealassociatedmeaning.Letusassumetwocouplesdoexactlythesameamountofkissingandarguing.Butonecouplealwayskissesafteranargumentandtheothercouplealwaysarguesafterakiss.Theorderingofthebehaviorsmaymeanagreatdealmorethanthefrequencyofthebehavior.Afriend’sunusuallydocilebehaviormayonlybeunderstoodbynotingthatitwasprecededbysituationsthatrequiredanabnormalamountofassertiveness.Someresponsesmaybedirectlylinkedtoadevelopingpatternofresponsesanddefylogic.Forexample,apersonwhosays“No!”toaserialsofchargeslike“You’redumb,”“You’relazy,”and“You’redishonest,”mayalsosay“No!”andtrytojustifyhisorherresponseifthenextstatementis“Andyou’regoodlooking.” Wewoulddowelltolistenforhowmessagesarepresented.Thewords,“Ifsurehasbeennicetohaveyouover,”canbesaidwithemphasisandexcitementorritualistically.Thephrasecanbesaidonceorrepeatedseveraltimes.Andthemeaningsweassociatewiththephrasewillchangeaccordingly.Sometimesifwesaysomethinginfrequentlyitas