中考英語總復(fù)習(xí)+人與自然專題課件　宇宙探索(地球宇宙探秘)

宇宙探索(地球宇宙探秘)定位課本子話題單元或模塊標(biāo)題功能TheuniverseWY八下Module3JourneytospaceTalkaboutrecentevents話題語境Thousandsofyearsago,ChinesepoetQuYuanwrotethepoemTianwen,meaningQuestforHeavenlyTruth.Hecameupwithaseriesofquestionsaboutthesky,stars,natureandtheworldaroundus.Thepoemshowedhisspiritoffindingthetruth.Inspired(激勵)bythegreatpoet,Chinanameditslatestseriesofplanetaryexploration1.

missions

(行星探測任務(wù))afterthepoemin2020.Thefirstoneintheseries—aMarsexplorationmission—hasbeennamedTianwen1,theChinaNationalSpaceAdministration(CNSA)saidonApril24th,2020,China’sSpaceDay.ThisshowsChina’swishtoexploretheuniverse.

Chinahasmadegreatprogressinspaceexploration.In1970,Chinasentitsfirstman-madeearth2.

satellite

(衛(wèi)星),becomingthefifthcountryintheworldtosendaman-madesatelliteindependently.Since2003,ChinahascarriedoutnineShenzhoumannedmissions.China’smoonexplorationmissions—theChang’eseries—startedin2007.InDecember2018,Chinabecamethefirstcountrytosendthe3.

probe

(探測器)Chang’e4tothemoon’sfarside.

TheTianwenseriesfollowstheShenzhouandChang’eseriesandmovesfurtherintospace.Thefirststepwastosend

aMarsprobe,whichmeantthestartofChina’sexplorationofthered4.

planet

(planet).Theprobewasplannedtocirclearound,landonandexploreMarsinonemission.Itwasthefirsttofinishallofthesetasksinonemission.TheLongMarch5rocketsenttheprobetoMars.

Afterthismission,ChinaplanstovisitMarsagainin2028,5.

aiming

tocollectsoilfromthegroundoftheplanetandbringittoEarth.Around2030,ChinawillexploreJupiterandseveralsmallplanets.

詞匯積累一、話題詞匯astronomy/??str?n?mi/n.天文學(xué)astronomer/??str?n?m?/n.天文學(xué)家telescope/?telIsk??p/n.望遠(yuǎn)鏡

astronomicaltelescope天文望遠(yuǎn)鏡astrophysics/??str???fIzIks/n.

天體物理學(xué)astrophysicist/??str???fIzIsIst/n.

天體物理學(xué)家astronaut/??str?n??t/n.

宇航員 rocket/?r?kIt/n.火箭outerspace外太空

spaceshuttle航天飛船UFO=UnidentifiedFlyingObject不明飛行物astrology/??str?l?d?i/n.占星術(shù)astrologer/??str?l?d??/n.

占星家orbit/???bIt/n.(天體運行的)軌道planet/?pl?nIt/n.行星

comet/?k?mIt/n.彗星CometHalley哈雷彗星

meteorite/?mi?ti?raIt/n.隕石meteorshower流星雨 ray/reI/n.射線blackhole黑洞

SolarSystem太陽系Mercury/?m??kj?ri/n.水星 Venus/?vi?n?s/n.金星Earth/??/n.地球

Mars/m?z/n.火星Jupiter/?d?u?pIt?/n.木星 Saturn/?s?t?n/n.

土星Uranus/?j??r?n?s;j??reIn?s/n.

天王星

Neptune/?neptju?n/n.

海王星Pluto/?plu?t??/n.

冥王星(被移除太陽系大行星之列)celestial/s??lesti?l/adj.天的;天空的

celestialbody天體stellar/?stel?/adj.星的;星球的 stellarlight星光solar/?s??l?/adj.太陽的

solarsystem太陽系solarenergy太陽能

lunar/?lu?n?/adj.月球的,月亮的

lunareclipse月食

extraterrestrial/?ekstr?t??restri?l/adj.地球外的extraterrestriallife外星生命

theExtra-Terrestrial=E.T.外星人二、話題短語

宇宙探索1.

journey

to

space

太空之旅2.

space

travel

太空旅行

3.

on

the

earth

在地球上

4.

many

other

galaxies

許多其他星系

5.

in

the

universe

在宇宙中

6.

go

round

圍繞……轉(zhuǎn)

7.

seven

other

plants

其他七顆行星

8.

hundreds

of

millions

of

億萬

9.

billions

of

stars

無數(shù)(數(shù)十億)顆行星

10.

far

enough

足夠遠(yuǎn)

練習(xí)夯基一、課文語法選擇(WY八下Module

3)請通讀下面短文,掌握其大意,根據(jù)語法和上下文連貫的要求,從每個選項中選出一個最佳答案。Scientiststhinkthattherehasbeenlifeontheearthforhundredsofmillionsofyears.However,we

1

lifeonanyotherplanetyet.

(C)1.A.don’tfind B.didn’tfind C.haven’tfoundTheearthis

2

planetanditgoesaroundthesun.Sevenotherplanetsalsogoaroundthesun.

3

ofthemhasanenvironmentlikethatoftheearth,soscientistsdonotthinktheywillfindlifeonthem.Thesunanditsplanetsarecalledthesolarsystem,andoursolarsystemisasmallpartofamuch

4

groupofstarsandplanets,calledtheGalaxyortheMilkyWay.TherearebillionsofstarsintheGalaxy,andoursunisonlyoneofthem.

(A)2.A.a B.an

C.the(C)3.A.Both B.All

C.None(B)4.A.large B.larger

C.largestScientistshavealsodiscoveredmanyother

5

intheuniverse.Theyareveryfarawayandtheirlighthastotravel

6

manyyearstoreachus.Sohowlargeistheuniverse?Itisimpossibletoimagine.

ScientistshavesentspaceshipstotheplanetMars

7

photos.Theyhaveevensentspaceshipstotraveloutsidethesolarsystem.However,nospaceshiphastravelledfarenoughtoreachotherstarsinourGalaxy.

(B)5.A.galaxy B.galaxies C.galaxy’s(C)6.A.in B.on

C.for(C)7.A.take B.taken

C.totakeScientistshavealwaysaskedthequestions:Withsomanystarsintheuniverse,arewealone,

8

istherelifeoutthereinspace?Havetherebeenvisitorstotheearthfromotherplanets?

9

hasnoonecommunicatedwithus?Wedonotknowtheanswers...

10

.

(B)8.A.and B.or

C.but(C)9.A.What B.How

C.Why(C)10.A.too B.either

C.yet二、短文選詞填空從方框內(nèi)選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~,并用其適當(dāng)?shù)男问酵瓿啥涛?每詞只能用一次,每空一詞。train,to,wish,but,other,take,young,country,once,finallyHowlongcanapersonworkforhisorherdream?Thefollowingpersoncangiveyoutheanswer.Afterbeingabackupcrewmember(備份乘組成員)forabout25years,ChineseastronautDengQingminghas

1

achievedhisspacedream.Hecarriedouthisfirstspacemission(任務(wù))withtwo

2

astronautsontheShenzhou15spaceship.

1.

finally

2.

other

ThenameofDeng,56yearsold,wasnotknown

3

manypeopleuntilChinasenttheShenzhou13spaceshipinOctoberlastyear.Hisstory—hewasabackupformanyyears,

4

hestillfollowedhisspacedream—touchedmanypeople.

3.

to

4.

but

DengwasborninafarmingfamilyinEastChina’sJiangxiProvince.Hehasfour

5

brothersandsisters.Asahard-workingstudent,hejoinedthePeople’sLiberationArmyAirForce(中國人民解放軍空軍)inJune1984.Thenhegotintoafighterjetregiment(戰(zhàn)斗機團)inJilinProvinceinNovember1987.Hebecameoneofour

6

firstgroupof14astronautsin1998.

5.

younger

6.

country’s

Inthefollowingyears,Dengspentalmostallofhistime

7

,andhetriedveryhardto

8

everychancetoflyintospace.Nomatterhowdifficultroadtospacewas,Dengnever

9

thoughtofgivingup.

“Beitacrewmemberorabackup,itisthejob.Andthesuccessofthemissioncomesbeforemypersonal

10

,”Dengoncesaid.

7.

training

8.

take

9.

once

10.

wishes

整合提能一、語法選擇(2023·中山二模)請通讀下面短文,掌握其大意,根據(jù)語法和上下文連貫的要求,從每個選項中選出一個最佳答案。It’salwaysanunforgettabledayformyfather.ThisisbecauseonJuly19,1969,humansfirstlandedonthemoon.Everysummer,hetakesoutoldpicturesandsits

1

thediningroomtable.

(A)1.A.at B.in

C.onMydadwasjusttenyearsoldatthattime,buthedescribeditlikeithappenedyesterday.Hiswholefamilysattogether

2

thepicturesofNeilArmstrongandBuzzAldrinclimbingdownthespacecraft(宇宙飛船),andsettinglegsonthemoon.

“Sincethen,we

3

onanotherspacefromourlittleplanet.Marswillbethenext,”Dadthought.AlthoughDadfeltthat

4

taskwasthebest,hethoughtwewouldachievemoreinthefuture.

(B)2.A.watch B.towatch C.watching(C)3.A.willstep B.arestepping C.havestepped(B)4.A.a B.the

C.anMyelderbrothers

5

tospendmoretimeinscience.However,theyfoundtheirowninterests.Youcouldimaginehissurprise

6

I,hisonlydaughter,turnedouttobetheonlyonewhoreallylovedscience.

(A)5.A.wereasked B.asked C.areasked(A)6.A.when B.although C.unlessEveryJuly19ofmyteenagetimes,Isatandlookedattheoldpictureswithmydad.Thepicturesofthose

7

onthemoonencouragedmealot.AndImajoredinstudyingspacewhenIwenttotheuniversity.Iwascrazyabout

8

somuch.Butatthattime,studyingspacewasoneof

9

subjects,sotherewerenotmanygirlsinmyclass.

10

differencethespacemadetomylife!IhopeIcanencouragesomeyounggirlstogetintoit.

(B)7.A.man’s B.men

C.man(C)8.A.its B.itself

C.it(C)9.A.hard B.harder

C.thehardest(A)10.A.Whata B.What C.How二、完形填空Spacesuitsdon’tjustmakeastronautslookcool.Withoutthese

1

suits,astronautswouldn’tbeabletoleavetheirspaceship.Thatistosay,theywouldn’tbeableto

2

onthemoonorworkoutsidetheInternationalSpaceStation.

(B)1.A.private B.special

C.plastic D.expensive(C)2.A.run B.walk C.live D.surfSpaceisa

3

placeforhumanbeings.Firstly,thereisnoairtobreathe.Secondly,spacealsohashighlevelsofradiation(輻射),energythatcanpassthroughourbodiesandmakeus

4

.Thirdly,somepartsofspacearereallycold

5

otherpartsareveryhot.Soastronautscoulddieinafewseconds,ifthey

6

outsidetheirspaceshipwithouttheirsuits.Withaspacesuit,though,astronautscanmovearoundinspaceforseveralhours.

(D)3.A.funny B.natural C.beautifulD.dangerous(A)4.A.sick B.bored C.strong D.relaxed(D)5.A.after B.since C.before D.while(C)6.A.rushedB.jumped C.stepped D.escapedSpacesuitskeepastronauts

7

sealed(密封的)inside.AbackpacksendsO2intoletastronautsbreathenormally.Atthesametime,theCO2

8

astronautsbreatheoutissuckedaway.Thesuitalsoprotectsthemfromharmfulradiationandfast-movingspacedust.

9

thespacesuitisanothersuitthatlookslikeapairoftightpajamas(睡衣)withlittlepipesrunningthroughthem.Waterrunsthroughthesepipesto

10

astronautsbecausewearingaspacesuitcanmakeastronautsveryhot!

(A)7.A.safely B.quickly C.quietly D.terribly(C)8.A.who B.this

C.that

D.whether(B)9.A.Above B.Under

C.BehindD.Between(C)10.A.washaway B.warmupC.cooloffD.cleanout三、閱讀理解AMuseumsComputerMuseumThemostinterestingmuseumIhavebeentoistheAmericanComputerMuseum.Ithasinformationaboutdifferentcomputersandwhoinventedthem.Theoldcomputersweremuchbigger.Itisunbelievablethattechnologyhasprogressedinsucharapidway!ToiletMuseumIhaverecentlybeentoaveryunusualmuseuminIndia,theInternationalMuseumofToilets.Themuseumteachespeopleaboutthehistoryanddevelopmentoftoilets.Italsoencouragesgovernmentsandsocialgroupstothinkaboutwaystoimprovetoiletsinthefuture.TeaMuseumLastyear,IwenttotheHangzhouNationalTeaMuseum.Theteaartperformancesshowedhowtomakeaperfectcupofteawithbeautifulteasets.Watchingtheteapreparationwasasenjoyableasdrinkingtheteaitself.ScienceMuseumTheScienceMuseuminLondonisanoisyplace.Peoplecantalkaboutwhattheycanseeanddothereandtherearesomeverynoisymachinesaswell.TheScienceMuseumisinterestingandfriendlyforpeopleofallages.SoifyouevergotoLondon,makesureyouvisitit.1.Howmanymuseumsarementionedintheform?

D

A.Six. B.Five. C.Three. D.Four.2.HowtodescribetheAmericanComputerMuseum?It’s

B

.

A.unusual B.interesting C.relaxing D.noisy3.WhatcanwelearnattheInternationalMuseumofToilets?

D

A.Someinformationaboutwhoinventedtoilets.B.Whenthefirstsuccessfulphotowastaken.C.Howpeopledugcoalfromtheground.D.Thehistoryanddevelopmentoftoilets.4.WhenyougototheTeaMuseuminHangzhou,whatwillyouseethere?

A

A.Theteaartperformances. B.Makingbeautifulteasets.C.Pickinguptealeaves. D.Sometraditionalmagicshows.5.WhydoyouthinktheScienceMuseuminLondonisanoisyplace?

C

A.Becauseyoucan’tbelievethattechnologyhasprogressedinsucharapidway.B.Becauseyoucanthinkaboutwaystoimprovetoiletsinthefuture.C.Becauseyoucanthinkaboutwhatyoucanseeandthemachinesarenoisy,too.D.Becausewatchingtheteapreparationisjustlikedrinkingtheteaitself.BSomepeoplebelievethathumanscouldliveontheplanetMarsbytheyear2100.Ourownplanet,theEarth,isbecomingmoreandmorecrowdedandpolluted.ItishopedthatpeoplecouldstartalloveragainandbuildabetterworldonMars.Hereiswhatlifetherecouldbelike.Atpresent,ourspacecraftaretooslowtocarrylargenumbersofpassengerstoMars—itwouldtakemonths.Withthedevelopmentoftechnology,bytheyear2100,thejourneymightonlytakeabout20minutesinspacecraftthattravelatthespeedoflight!However,thespacecraftwouldtravelreallyfast,sothejourneytoMarsmightbequiteuncomfortable.Manypeoplewouldfeelill.Humanscan’tlivewithoutwater,airorfood.Sofar,nobodyknowswhethertherewouldbeenoughwateroraironMarsforpeople.Moreover,scientistsarenotsurewhetherplantscouldgrowonMars.Foodwouldmostprobablybeintheformofpills(藥片)andwouldnotbesotasty.Comparedwithlifeontheearth,lifeonMarswouldbebetterinsomeways.Peoplewouldhavemorespace.Theymightliveinhouseswithhugecomfortablerooms.Also,robotswoulddomostoftheirworksothattheycouldhavemoretimetorelax.TherewouldprobablybenoschoolsonMars.Everystudentwouldstudyatonlineschoolswith“e-teachers”.LifeonMarswouldbeinterestingandchallenging.However,itmaytakehundredsofyearstomakeittrue.Sothemostimportantthingweneedtodonowistoprotectourbeautifulblueplanet—theEarth!6.PeoplewouldmovetoMarsbecause

A

.

A.theearthiscrowdedandpolluted B.theywanttochallengethemselvesC.flyingtoMarswouldbefun D.plantscouldgrowbetterthere7.Theunderlinedword“spacecraft”means

A

.

A.spaceships B.hot-airballoons C.spacestations D.plane8.WhatwouldtheflighttoMarsbelikebytheyear2100?

B

A.Fastandenjoyable. B.Fastbutuncomfortable.C.Slowandboring. D.Slowbutcomfortable.9.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

D

A.TherewouldbeenoughwaterandaironMarsforpeople.B.FoodonMarswouldbemoredeliciousthanthatontheearth.C.PeoplewouldbebusywithworkonMars.D.ThewriterthinkslivingonMarswouldbefullofchallenges.10.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?

C

A.SchoolsonMars B.FoodonMarsC.LifeonMars D.EnvironmentontheEarth四、配對閱讀(2023·汕頭一模)左欄是五位學(xué)生的讀后感,右欄是七個世界之最的簡介。請將兩者進行匹配。

1

MyfatherspentonemonthbuildingoneinourgardenandIlovetodosomereadingupthereinmysparetime.

2

Haha...it’ssointeresting.Iwonderwhetheritgotabirthdaycakeonitslastbirthday.Maybeitcanliveupto300years.Whoknows?

3

Whatastrangename!Doesiteatbirds?Iknowitisnotaninsectasithaseightlegs.ButIamquitecuriousaboutthelengthofitslegs.

4

Itmustbequiterelaxingtoenjoyamealatsuchahighplace.Icanlookdownatthewholecityfromthewindowsthere.

5

Itreallyscaredme!Canitliveonland?Ifitcan,itwillbemoredangeroustohumans.

A.ThehighestwaterfallintheworldisAngelFallsinVenezuela.It’s979metershigh.Peoplesometimesjumpfromthetopwithaparachute(降落傘)!B.Thebiggestspider(蜘蛛)intheworldistheGoliathBirdeater.ItlivesintheforestsofSouthAmerica.It’s28centimeterslong.Butdon’tworry—itisn’tdangeroustohumans.C.Theworld’sbiggesttreehouseisintheUSA.It’sgot80roomsonitsfivefloors,butpeopledon’tliveinthem.Itisn’tsafe.D.TheBurjKhalifainDubaiistheworld’stallestbuilding.Itis828meterstall.Peoplelivethere,andtheworld’shighestrestaurantisonthe122ndfloor.E.Jonathanisagianttortoise(巨龜).HelivesonthesmallislandofSaintHelenaandhe’stheoldestanimalintheworld.Heis185yearsold.F.ThetallesttreeintheworldisacoastredwoodnamedHyperionafterapersoninGreektales.Thetreeisnolessthan115.72meterstall!Itwasdiscoveredin2006.G.ThemostdangeroussnakeintheworldistheBelcher’sSeaSnake.ItlivesintheseainSouthEastAsia.Itcankillapersonin30minutes.1.

C

2.

E

3.

B

4.

D

5.

G

五、短文填空請從方框內(nèi)選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空,使文章完整連貫。注意每空一詞,每詞僅用一次,有兩詞為多余項。good,it,factory,with,surprise,set,how,encourage,hard,but,for,successAmanseesabutterfly.Thebutterflytriestogetoutof

1

chrysalis(蛹).Themancutthechrysalisandthebutterflycomesouteasily.Tohis

2

,thebutterflyisunabletofly.Ifthebutterflydoesn’tstruggle(掙扎)togetoutofthechrysalis,itcan’tfly.Thestruggledevelopstheenergyinthebutterfly.Similarly,thechallengesoflifebringoutthe

3

inyoungpeopleandpreparetheabilityto“fly”.

1.

its

2.

surprise

3.

best

Whenpeopleareyoung,meetingandovercomingchallengeswillmakethemstrongandreadytofacelife.Forsuccessfulpeople,themorechallengestheyhavehad,themore

4

theyare.Onefamousman,whonowownsmanybig

5

,usedtosellsocksfromdoortodoorwhenhewasyoung.AnothersuccessfulmanisEric.He

6

upacollegeattheageof30.Hisfatherdiedwhenhewasonly16.Heworked

7

inthedayandstudiedhardinthenight.Hisfather’sdeath4.

successful

5.

factories

6.

set

7.

hard

forcedhimtogrowupfast.Hetookupthechallengesandovercamethem.Today,notonlyhehimself,

8

alsohisbrothersandsistersareleadingsuccessfullives.

Nowadays,someparentsandteachersactively

9

youngpeopletofacechallenges.Itisimportant

10

themtolearntomeetchallengesandovercomethem.

8.

but

9.

encourage

10.

for

六、讀寫綜合A.回答問題(2023·江門二模)請閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)所提供的信息,回答5個問題。要求所寫答案語法正確,語義完整切題。ChatGPTisanAIsystem(系統(tǒng))thatcanhaveadiscussionandcreatewrittenwork.Itcancreatematerialbasedonwhatithaslearnedfromdigitalbooksandonlinepassages.NowthreehighschoolstudentsinCyprushavedevelopedanunusualrobotwiththehelpoftheirteachers.ItisunusualasitusesChatGPTAItechnology.TherobotisnamedAInstein.Itisthesizeofasmalladultandevenhasascreenforafacethatappearstoshowhumanfacialexpressions.ItspeaksaNorthAmericanformofEnglish.Anditcantelljokes,like“Whywasthemathbooksad?Becauseithadtoomanyproblems.”Therobotenjoysreadingsciencebooksandspendingtimeplayingtheviolin.ThecreatorsofAInsteinwanttousethetechnologytoimprovelearningexperiencesintheclassroom.Infact,theremightbeaplaceforrobotsineducationafterall.BritisheducationexpertAnthonySheldonpredictsthatrobotswilltakeovertheclassroomin2027andteacherswillworkastheirhelpers.Onethingiscertain,though.Arobotteacherisbetterthannoteacheratall.Insomepartsoftheworld,therearen’tenoughteachersand9—16percentofchildrenundertheageof14don’tgotoschool.Thatproblemcouldbepartlysolvedbyrobots,becausetheycanteachanywhereandwon’tgetstressedortired,ormovesomewhereforaneasier,higher-paidjob.1.WhyistherobotinParagraph1unusual?Because

it

uses

ChatGPT

AI

technology.2.HowbigisAInstein?It

is