2021年歐盟性別平等報告（英）

FREETHRIVELEAD

ISSN2443-5228

European

commission

2021reporton

genderequalityintheEU

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1

Countrycodes

EuropeanUnion

EU

Austria

AT

Belgium

BE

Bulgaria

BG

Croatia

HR

Cyprus

CY

CzechRepublic

CZ

Denmark

DK

Estonia

EE

Finland

FI

France

FR

Germany

DE

Greece

EL

Hungary

HU

Ireland

IE

Italy

IT

Latvia

LV

Lithuania

LT

Luxembourg

LU

Malta

MT

Netherlands

NL

Poland

PL

Portugal

PT

Romania

RO

Slovakia

SK

Slovenia

SI

Spain

ES

Sweden

SE

UnitedKingdom

UK

2

Contents

INTRODUCTION3

FREEFROMVIOLENCEANDSTEREOTYPES5

ImpactofCovid-19ongender-basedviolence5

Endinggender-basedviolence8

Onlineviolence10

Harassmentintheworldofwork11

Femalegenitalmutilation,

‘honour-related’violence13

Traffickinginhumanbeings14

Supportingvictimsofgender-basedviolence15

Challengingstereotypesthroughprevention

andeducation17

THRIVINGINAGENDER-EQUALECONOMY21

ImpactofCovid-19onwomen’sparticipation

inthelabourmarket21

Women’sparticipationinthelabourmarket25

Segregatedlabourmarketsandundervaluation

acrossdifferentsectorsoftheeconomy28

Closingthegendergapinpayandpensions31

Improvingwork-lifebalanceandnarrowing

thegendercaregap32

LEADINGEQUALLYTHROUGHSOCIETY37

Genderbalanceindecisionmakingduring

theCOVID-19pandemic37

Womenineconomicdecision-making38

Womeninpoliticaldecision-making42

GENDERMAINSTREAMING47

COVID-19Response47

StrengtheninggendermainstreamingatEUlevel49

Strengtheninggendermainstreaming

intheEU’snewlong-termbudget51

Anintersectionalapproachtogenderequality53

MonitoringtheGenderEqualityStrategy54

PROMOTINGGENDEREQUALITYANDWOMEN’S

EMPOWERMENTACROSSTHEWORLD56

EU’sglobalresponsetotheCOVID-19pandemic56

TheEU’snewroadmapforagenderequalworld58

TheEU’sexternalactionagainst

gender-basedviolence58

EU‘sglobalpartnershipsandactionongender

equalityandwomen’sempowerment59

GendermainstreaminginEU’sexternalaction61

CONCLUSION63

3

INTRODUCTION

Oneyearago,on5March2020,theCommissionadopteditsGenderEqualityStrategy2020-2025.ThestrategywasthefirstdeliverableonPresidentvonderLeyen’scommitmenttoaUnionofEquality.Itsetsoutanambitiousframeworkforthenext5years,formallyendorsedbytheCommission,onhowtoadvancegenderequalityinEuropeandbeyond.ThestrategyisbasedonavisionforaEuropewherewomenandmen,girlsandboys,inalltheirdiversity,arefreefromviolenceandstereotypesandhavetheopportunitytothriveandtolead.

Thisisthefirstreportunderthenewstrategy.IttakesstockofwheretheEUanditsMemberStatesstandongenderequalityoneyearaftertheadoptionoftheStrategy.ItsetsouttheEU’sachievementsandgivesinspiringexamplesfromtheMemberStatesandEU-fundedprojectsforeachofthestrategy’sfivekeyareas:

>Beingfreefromviolenceandstereotypes

>Thrivinginagenderequaleconomy

>Leadingequallythroughoutsociety

>Gendermainstreamingandfunding

>Promotinggenderequalityandwomen’sempowermentacrosstheworld.

ThepastyearhasbeenmarkedbytheCOVID-19pan-demic,whichhasproventobeamajorchallengeforgenderequality.Thepandemichasexacerbatedexistinginequalitiesbetweenwomenandmeninalmostallareasoflife,bothinEuropeandbeyond.ThereportpresentstheavailabledataonthegenderedimpactoftheCOVID-19crisisfor

eachareaofthestrategyandoutlinesthemeasurestheEUandMemberStateshavetakentomitigatetheseeffects.

DespitethechallengesarisingfromtheCOVID-19crisis,theCommissionmadesignificanteffortstomoveforwardwiththeimplementationoftheGenderEqualityStrategyoverthepastyear.Itsteppedupitsfightagainstgender-basedviolencebypublishing,inJune2020,it’sfirst-everEUvictims’rightsstrategyandbylaunching,inFebruary2021,anopenpublicconsultationonanewlegislativeinitiativetobettersupportvictimsandprosecuteperpetratorsofgender-basedviolence.ItalsocontinueditseffortstoaccedetotheIstanbulConvention.TheCommissionaddressedtheissueofonlineviolencewithitsproposalforaDigitalServicesAct,adoptedinDecember2020,whichclarifiestheresponsibili-tiesofonlineplatforms,therebycontributingtomakingtheinternetsaferforwomen.WiththeadoptionoftheproposalforaDirectivestrengtheningtheequalpayprinciplethroughpaytransparencyandenforcementmechanismsinearlyMarch2021,theCommissionhastakenamajorsteptoimprovetherespectoftherighttoequalpayandtacklepaydiscrimination.AlsoinearlyMarch2021,theCommissionadoptedanActionPlantoimplementtheEuropeanPillarofSocialRights,whichputsgenderequalityatitscoreandestablishes,amongstothers,ambitioustargetsforwomen’sparticipationinthelabourmarketandtheprovisionofearlychildhoodeducationandcarewhichisveryimportantinthiscontext.Inthe2020DigitalEducationActionPlanandtheEuropeanSkillsAgenda,theCommissionannouncedarangeofactionstoensurethatgirlsandyoungwomenparticipateequallyinICTstudiesanddeveloptheirdigitalskills.TheCommissionitselfmadeprogressonwomen’sparticipationinpoliticsandincreasedfemalerepresentationindecision-making,withthefirst-evergender-balancedCol-legeofCommissionersintheEU’shistory.TheCommission

4

alsostrengthenedgenderequalityandwomen’sempower-mentoutsideoftheEUthroughthenewGenderActionPlan(GAPIII)for2021-2025.Thenewmulti-annualfinancialframeworkfor2021-2027promotesgender-equalityboththroughstrengthenedgendermainstreamingandtargetedactionsofspecificEUspendingprogrammes.TheNextGen-erationEUrecoveryinstrumentrequiresMemberStatestoexplainhowthemeasuresintheirnationalrecoveryplanswillcontributetogenderequality,thusensuringagenderequalandfairrecoveryintheEU.

TheimplementationoftheGenderEqualityStrategytakesadualapproachcomprisinggendermainstreamingandtargetedmeasurestoaddressgenderinequality.Asinter-sectionalityisahorizontalprincipleforitsimplementation,thestrategyisreflectedintheotherequalitystrategiesthathavefollowedafterit.ThisincludestheEURomastrate-gicframeworkforequality,inclusionandparticipationfor2020-2030,theLGBTIQequalitystrategy2020-2025,theEUAnti-racismactionplan2020-2025andtheStrategyontherightsofpersonswithdisabilities2021-2030.

5

Freefromviolenceandstereotypes

FREEFROMVIOLENCEANDSTEREOTYPES

Atthecoreofgenderinequalities,gender-basedviolencecon-tinuestobeanendemicproblemdisproportionatelyaffectingwomenandgirls.1Theperpetratorisanintimatepartnerforoneinfivewomenexperiencingsuchacts2andinoverhalfofthefemalemurdervictimcases.3ThemostrecentresultsoftheFundamentalRightsSurveyfurtherconfirmthispheno-menonfromtheperspectiveofabroaderexperienceoncrime.Womenaremorelikelytoexperienceincidencesofviolenceoc-curringwithinthehousehold,ofsexualnatureandperpetratedmoreoftenbyafamilymemberorrelative.4Gender-basedviolenceconstitutesamajorbarrierinthepathtowardgenderequality.Itisaviolationofthevictim’shumanrights,dignityand,intheworstcases,righttolife.Amidgrowingthreatstogenderequality,amplifiedbytheoutbreakofCOVID-19anditssocio-economicconsequences,endinggender-basedviolenceisakeyEUpolicyobjective.ItremainsamongthemaingoalsoftheEUgenderequalitystrategyfor2020-2025.

IMPACTOFCOVID-19ONGENDER-BASED

VIOLENCE

TheCOVID-19pandemichasamplifiedexistinggender-based

violenceagainstwomen,confirminglong-standingresearch

findingsthattheriskofdomesticviolencetendstoincreasein

timesofcrisis.5Lockdownmeasuresweresettokeeppeople

safeathome.However,hometurnedoutnottobesafefor

everyoneandlockdownmeasuresplayedademonstrable

roleinthesignificantincreaseinreportsofdomesticviolence

andanincreaseingender-basedviolenceoverall6.

WhilethecollectionofrobustEU-leveldataisongoing,

preliminaryfindingsfromanassortmentofindependently

carried-outstudiespointtowardsanescalationofpsy-

chologicalandphysicalviolenceagainstwomenbyan

intimatepartner7.Inspring2020,severalEUMember

1OneinthreewomenintheEUaged15oroverhassufferedphysicaland/orsexualviolence,oneintwohavebeensexuallyharassed,aroundtwoinfivewomenhasenduredpsychologicalviolenceand1in10hasbeensubjecttoonlineharassment,EuropeanUnionAgencyforFundamental

Rights,Violenceagainstwomen:anEU-widesurvey,2014,p.21.Availableat

https://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra_uploads/fra-2014-vaw-

survey-main-results-apr14_en.pdf

.Thissurveyisstillthemostup-to-datesourceofinformationongender-based-violenceintheEU.In2020,the

Commissionlaunchedanewsurvey,coordinatedbyEUROSTAT,toprovideup-to-datedataongender-basedviolence,seep.16fordetails.2Ibid.

3EuropeanParliamentaryResearchService,ViolenceagainstwomenintheEU:Stateofplay,2019,p.2.Availableat

https://www.europarl.europa.eu/

RegData/etudes/BRIE/2018/630296/EPRS_BRI(2018)630296_EN.pdf.

4EuropeanUnionAgencyforFundamentalRights,FundamentalRightsSurvey:Crime,SafetyandVictims’Rights,Luxembourg:PublicationsOfficeoftheEuropeanUnion,2021,p.33-48.Availableat:

https://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra_uploads/fra-2021-crime-safety-victims-rights_en.pdf

5WorldHealthOrganization,Violenceanddisasters,2005.Availableat

/violence_injury_prevention/publications/violence/violence_

disasters.pdf.

6WorldHealthOrganization,Theriseandriseofinterpersonalviolence–anunintendedimpactoftheCOVID-19responseonfamilies,2020.Avai-lableat:

/en/health-topics/disease-prevention/violence-and-injuries/news/news/2020/6/the-rise-and-rise-of-interpersonal

-

violence-an-unintended-impact-of-the-covid-19-response-on-families

.

UnitedNations,WHOwarnsofsurgeofdomesticviolenceasCOVID-19casesdecreaseinEurope,UNRegionalInformationalCentreforWesternEurope,2020,availableat:

/en/who-warns-of-surge-of-domestic-violence-as-covid-19-cases-decrease-in-europe/

.

7Arenas-Arroyo,E.;Fernandez-Kranz,D.;Nollenberger,N.,‘Can’tLeaveYouNow!IntimatePartnerViolenceunderForcedCoexistenceandEcono-

micUncertainty’,IZAInstituteofLabourEconomics,DiscussionPaperSeriesNo.13570,2020.Availableat

/publications/

dp13570/

.Thesurgeofdomesticviolencecanhaveevenmoredevastatingeffectsincoupleswithchildrenduetothetraumatisingeffectsdomes-ticviolencecanhaveonchildvictimsorwitnesses.

6

Freefromviolenceandstereotypes

Statesrecordedasurgeindomesticviolenceduringthefirstlockdowns8.Forexample,thenumberofreportsofdomesticviolenceinFranceroseby32%duringthefirstweekoflockdown.Lithuaniarecorded20%morereportsthroughoutthefirstthreeweeksoflockdown.9Irelandsawafive-foldincreaseindomesticviolenceorders.10Spanishauthoritiesreportedan18%riseincallsduringthefirstfortnightofconfinement.11Suchviolenceismoreprevalentamongstcoupleswithchildren,withpreviousexperiencesofintimateviolence,whoareeconomicallydisadvantagedandinwhichbothmembersareinlock-down.12Stressresultingfromthelossofemploymentorfinancialuncertaintiesduringthepandemicfurtherincreasestheriskofphysical,sexualandpsychologicalabuse13.Evenwhenlockdownmeasureswilleventuallybelifted,therearelikelylong-termsocio-economiccon-sequencesarelikelytoprevail,ofwhichisanincreaseinintimate-partnerviolence.

Inordertopreventfurtherescalationorlong-termconse-quences,actionisneededtoendgender-basedviolenceagainstwomenandgirls.Ensuringthatvictimscanaccessadequatesupportatthistimeofcrisis,includinginruralareas,shouldbeoneofthepriorities.InApril2020,theCommissionurgedMemberStatestoguaranteethattheir

emergencyresponsestotheoutbreaktookaccountofthe

needsofgroupsindisadvantagedsituations,suchasvictims

ofdomesticviolence,inlinewiththeirobligationsunder

EUlaw.TheCommissionalsostressedtheimportanceto

allocateresourcestorelevantsupportandprotectionser-

vices,helplinesandshelters.EUMemberStateshaveput

inplaceseveraltypesofmeasurestosupportvictimsof

violenceundertheparticularlydifficultcircumstancesofthe

COVID-19crisis.Forexample,someEUMemberStatessetup

24/7helplines,launchedawarenesscampaignsinpharma-

cieswhichremainedopenduringlockdowns,increasedthe

capacityofsheltersandgenerallydeclaredsupportservices

asessentialservicestoensuretheircontinuedfunctioning

despitepandemic-relatedrestrictions.Inarecentstudycov-

eringtheperioduntilSeptember2020,theEuropeanInstitute

forGenderEquality(EIGE)providesapreliminaryoverviewof

nationalmeasurestosupportvictimsofviolenceduringthe

Covid-19outbreak,identifiesexamplesofpromisingpractices

andprovidesrecommendationsonhowtobettersupport

victimsduringthepandemic,aswellasinfuturecrisesThe

reportidentifiescommonchallengesfacedbyMemberStates

suchasensuringthecontinuityandfindingnewavenuesfor

supportservices,addressingtheincreaseindemandandthe

sustainedstrainonserviceproviderstaff,assessingvictim’s

levelofriskandovercominginadequatefunding.14

8EuropeanParliament,DraftReportonthegenderperspectiveintheCOVID-19crisisandpost-crisisperiod,2020/2121(INI),2020,p.6.Availableat:

https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/FEMM-PR-653727_EN.pdf.

9EuropeanInstituteforGenderEquality,Covid-19andgenderequality:gender-basedviolence,2020.Availableat

https://eige.europa.eu/covid-

19-and-gender-equality/gender-based-violence

.

10EuropeanWomen’sLobby,WomenmustnotpaythepriceforCOVID-19:Puttingequalitybetweenwomenandmenattheheartoftheresponseto

COVID-19acrossEurope,2020,p.4.Availableat:

/IMG/pdf/ewl_policy_brief_on_covid-19_impact_on_women_and_girls-2.pdf

11SosaTroya,M.andTorresMenarguez,A.,Lasllamadasal016porviolenciamachistaaumentanun18%duranteelestadodealarma,2020.

Availableat

/sociedad/2020-04-01/el-016-recibe-521-llamadas-mas-por-violencia-machista-durante-el-estado-de-alarma.

html

;Mahtani,Noor,Lasllamadasal016porviolenciamachistaaumentanun47,3%enlaprimeraquincenadeabril,2020.Availableat

https://

/sociedad/2020-04-16/las-llamadas-al-016-por-violencia-machista-aumentan-un-473-en-la-primera-quincena-de-abril.html

.Spainalsoreporteda269.6%increaseinemailconsultations,168requestsforpsychologicalsupportthroughtheWhatsAppserviceanda43%riseintheuseofgeolocationduringthatperiod.

12Arenas-Arroyo,E.;Fernandez-Kranz,D.;Nollenberger,N.,‘Can’tLeaveYouNow!IntimatePartnerViolenceunderForcedCoexistenceandEcono-

micUncertainty’,IZAInstituteofLabourEconomics,DiscussionPaperSeriesNo.13570,2020.Availableat

/publications/

dp13570/

.Thesurgeofdomesticviolencecanhaveevenmoredevastatingeffectsincoupleswithchildrenduetothetraumatisingeffectsdomes-ticviolencecanhaveonchildvictimsorwitnesses.

13Ibid.Thisimpactismoreprominentincoupleswithpreviousexperienceofdomesticviolenceorwhenman-onlyeconomic-stressisthecase.

14EIGE,TheCOVID-19pandemicandintimatepartnerviolenceagainstwomenintheEU,March2021,forthcoming.

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Freefromviolenceandstereotypes

InFrance,facedwiththedramaticriseindomesticviolenceduringtheCOVID-19pandemic,theMinistryoftheInteriorandtheNationalCouncilofPharmacists(Conseilnationaldel’Ordredespharmaciens)adoptedacommonstrategytoaddressthedifficultiesofvictimstoaccesssupportservicesduringthelockdowns.Acodewordwassetinplaceforvictimstosignalpharmacystafftocontacthelpinasecureway.Followingtheestablishedprocedure,staffwouldcol-lectthevictims’informationinadiscreetandconfidentialmannerandprovideasafespacewhilstcontactingsupportorganisations.Ifneeded,staffcouldalsocallthepolicetothepremises.Inordertotakecareofthevictimsasquicklyas

possible,policeandgendarmeriehadbeeninstructedtointerveneurgentlyforcallsfrompharmacies.

Sloveniaadoptedseveralmeasurestopreventandcombatdomesticviolenceduringthefirstlockdowninspring2020.Alongwithanew24/7telephonehelplineforvictimsandothercallers,itexpandedthecapacityoftheemergencyser-vicestocoverrelationshipcounselling,therapeuticcounselling,counsellingforyoungpeople,andcounsellingforfemaleprisonersandemployees.PharmacieswereidentifiedasessentialcontactpointsforthedisseminationofinformationontheservicesofNGOsworkinginthefieldofdomesticviolenceandviolenceagainstwomen.Additionalsanitarymeasureshavebeentakeninvictims’shelterstopreventthespreadofCOVID-19amongstserviceusersandstaff.Inspectionsandsocialskillsrehabilitationworkshopsforperpetratorshavegoneonlinetoensurethecontinuityofpreventativeand

correctiveservices.

TheCroatianMinistryforLabour,PensionSystem,FamilyandSocialPolicyaskedsocialwelfarecentrestoestablishcrisisteamsforrapidinterventiontofacilitateurgentactionduringtheCOVID-19pandemic,especiallyincaseswherevictims’safetyandeventheirlivesareindanger.Thedeadlinesforexercisingvictims'rightsincriminalandmisdemeanourproceedingswereextendedtopreventthelossofcertainrightsifthedeadlineforsubmittingtheclaimwasmissedforCOVID-19-relatedreasons.Topreventthespreadofthevirus,theStateAttorney’sofficequestionedmostsuspectsvia

videolink,exceptthoseindetention.

8

Freefromviolenceandstereotypes

TheCommissionorganisedaseriesofonlineseminars15withMemberStatesongender-sensitiveresponsemeasuresintheCOVID-19contexttohelpthemsharegoodpracticesandinformation.AwebinarontacklingdomesticviolenceintheCOVID-19contexthighlightedtheimportanceofes-tablishingdomesticviolenceservicesasessentialservicestoensurecontinuedsupportforvictimsduringlockdowns,inadditiontomakingadequatepreparationsforsuchsup-portmechanismduringthesubsequentrecoveryphase.Thewebinaralsohighlightedtheneedforawarenessraising,communicationandoutreachinitiativestohelpvictimsofallkinds.

InNovember2020,theGermanPresidencyoftheCounciloftheEUorganisedaninformalvirtualmeetingofEUGenderEqualityMinisters.AmajorityofMinisterssupportedtheideaofaEurope-widephonenumberthroughwhichvictimsofviolenceagainstwomenanddomesticviolencecouldaccessassistance.MinistersalsoexchangedbestpracticestomitigatetheimpactoftheCOVID-19pandemicsuchasguidelinesonfirstcontactwithvictims,accesstovictimsupportservices,andawareness-raisingcampaigns.16

ENDINGGENDER-BASEDVIOLENCE

TheEU’saccessiontotheCouncilofEurope’sConventiononpreventingandcombatingviolenceagainstwomenanddomesticviolence(‘theIstanbulConvention’)ishighonthepoliticalagenda.TheIstanbulConventionisthebenchmark

forinternationallybindingstandardsontacklinggender-

basedviolence.However,theEU’saccessionremainsto

dateblockedintheCouncil.While21MemberStateshave

ratifiedtheConvention,6havenotdoneso17,andoneMem-

berStatesannounceditsintentiontowithdrawfromthe

instrument.18In2019,theEuropeanParliamentseizedthe

CourtofJusticeoftheEUtoclarifyanumberofquestions

relatingtotheproposedaccession.19TheAdvocateGeneral’s

opinionwillbeissuedon11March2021andtheCourt’s

rulingisexpectedinmid-2021.

InordertoachievetheobjectivesoftheIstanbulConven-

tionfallingwithinthescopeofEUcompetenceswhilethe

accessionremainsblocked,theCommissioncommittedto

puttingforwardalegislativeproposaltopreventandcombat

gender-basedviolencebytheendof2021.20Shouldthe

rulingoftheCourtpavethewayforEUaccessiontothe

Convention,theinitiativewouldensurethatEUMember

Stateshaveeffectivemeasuresinplacetopreventand

combatviolenceagainstwomenanddomesticviolenceat

thetimeofaccession.Aspartofthepreparatoryworkon

theinitiative,theCommissionlaunchedastudytoevaluate

theexistingEUinstrumentsinthisarea,identifypossible

gapsandgatherevidenceontheimpactofdifferentpolicy

options.Workisfocusingonthefour-pillarstructureofthe

IstanbulConvention:prevention,protection,prosecutionand

policycoordination.Inordertogatherfeedbackfromabroad

rangeofstakeholdersonthisinitiative,theCommission

launchedanopenpublicconsultationinFebruary202121.

15See

https://ec.europa.eu/info/publications/webinar-series-gender-sensitive-responses-covid-19-crisis_en

16FederalGovernmentofGermany,ProtectingWomenagainstViolence–BestPracticesfromalloverEurope,2020.Availableat:

https://www.bmfsfj.

de/blob/164296/5073c15b7c0939acf236f157e0777a62/protecting-women-against-violence-best-practices-from-all-over-europe-data.pdf.

17

/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/210/signatures

18

/fr/web/istanbul-convention/-/poland-should-not-withdraw-from-the-istanbul-convention-says-secretary-general

19EuropeanParliament,Resolution2019/2678(RSP),availableat

https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-8-2019-0357_EN.pdf.

The

2014-2019EuropeanParliamentstronglysupportedtheEU’saccessiontotheIstanbulConventionandadoptedinApril2019aresolutionseekinganopinionfromtheCourtofJusticeoftheEuropeanUnion(CJEU)onthecompatibilitybetweentheTreatiesandthelegalbaseschosenbythe

Council;thesplitoftheaccessionintwoCouncildecisions;andtheCouncil’spracticeofthe‘commonaccord’.

20EuropeanCommission,StateoftheUnion2020:LetterofIntenttoPresidentDavidMariaSassoliandtoChancellorAngelaMerkel,2020,availableat

https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/state_of_the_union_2020_letter_of_intent_en.pdf.

21Theconsultationisopenuntil10May2021;availablehere:

https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/12682-Preven

-

ting-and-combatting-gender-based-violence-/public-consultation

.

9

Freefromviolenceandstereotypes

TheIstanbulConventioninspiredareformoftheCroatianCriminalCodewhichenteredintoforceon1January2020.Thereformraisesthepenaltyforanumberofcriminaloffencesinvolvinggender-basedviolenceandchangesthedefinitionofrapetocoveranynon-consensualsexualintercourseorsexualactivity,makingthelaw’sapproach

toconsentbroader.

InDecember2020,theDanishParliamentamendedthecriminalcodetodefinerapeasintercoursewithoutconsent,therebybringingDenmarkinlinewiththeIstanbulConvention.Inordertoinformthepublicaboutthenewprovision,theMinisterforGenderEqualitylaunchedaninformationcampaignexplainingtheboundariesbetweenlegalandunlawfulsexualconduct.Thecampaignaimstopreventrape,helprefervictimstorelevantsupportservicesand

encouragereportingofsexualviolencebystrengtheningthepublicconversationaboutconsent.

TheSpanishpublichotlineforvictimsofgender-basedviolencewasexpandedtocoverallformsofviolenceagainstwomen,includingdomesticorsexualviolence,femalegenitalmutilation,forcedmarriageandworkplaceharassment.ThismeasureispartoftheimplementationofthenewStatePactagainstGenderViolence,followingtheprovisions

oftheIstanbulConvention

AspartoftheimplementationofitsobligationsundertheIstanbulConvention,CyprussetuptheWoman’sHouse,amulti-agencycrisiscentreforwomenvictimsofviolenceandtheirchildren.TheWoman’sHouseisbasedontheFamilyJusticeCentremodel,andoperates,asofDecember2020,asa‘one-stop-shop’providingintegratedservicesforvictimsofviolenceagainstwomen.Theservicesavailableareprovidedirrespectiveofwhethervictimsarewillingtopresschargesortestifyagainstperpetrators.Thisintegratedapproachfocusesonthehumanrightsandsafetyof

thevictimandtakesintoaccountthesupportneededforanychildreninvolved.

10

Freefromviolenceandstereotypes

ONLINEVIOLENCE

Onlineviolenceagainstwomen,whi