北京市延慶區(qū)2020-2021學年高一下學期期末考試英語試題2

延慶區(qū)202022學年第二學期期末試卷高一英語考試須知：1.本試卷共10頁，共三大部分，47道小題，滿分100分，時間90分鐘。2.在答題紙上準確填寫學校名稱、班級、姓名。3.試題答案一律填涂或書寫在答題紙上，在試卷上作答無效。4.考試結束，請將本試卷和答題紙一并交回。第一部分：知識運用（共三節(jié)，45分）第一節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）A閱讀下列短文，根據短文內容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當的單詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。Koshibahadalegendarylife.Whenhewasakid,hedreamedofbeingasoldierormusician,buthisdreamwasbrokenwhenhisrighthandwasdamagedbypolio(小兒麻痹癥).Whileinthehospital,hereadAdlbertEinstein’sbooksand___1___(bee)interestedinphysics.Henevermadeittothetopofhisphysicsclassinhighschool,butwentontostudyattheUniversityofTokyo,thentheUniversityofRochester,___2___heearnedhisPhD.“Therearethingsintheworldyoucanachievedespitepooracademicrecords.”Koshibasaid.What【答案】1.became2.where3.counts【解析】【分析】本文是一篇人物傳記，主要介紹了Koshiba傳奇的一生。由于小兒麻痹癥所帶來的后遺癥，他失去了成為士兵和音樂家的機會。但是偶然間，他愛上了物理，最后還取得了博士學位。【1題詳解】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：在醫(yī)院期間，他閱讀了阿德伯特·愛因斯坦的書，并對物理學產生了興趣。根據上文的Whileinthehospital,hereadAdlbertEinstein’sbooks可知，此處介紹過去發(fā)生的事情，所以需要用一般過去時。主語he和謂語動詞bee是主動關系。故填became。【2題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：高中時，他的物理成績從來沒有名列前茅，但他先后就讀于東京大學和羅切斯特大學，并在那里獲得了博士學位。分析句子結構可知，此處為定語從句，先行詞theUniversityofRochester在定語從句中作地點狀語，所以用關系副詞where引導非限制性定語從句。故填where?！?題詳解】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：最重要的是采取積極的學習態(tài)度。分析句子結構可知，此空為主語從句的謂語動詞。根據下文is以及句意可知，此處陳述客觀事實，需要用一般現(xiàn)在時。在主語從句中，What作主語，所以謂語用單數。count表示“重要”時是不及物動詞，沒有被動。故填counts。B閱讀下列短文，根據短文內容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當的單詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。Zoosplayanimportantroleintheworldforconservationandeducation.Theyare___4___(particular)importantforendangeredspecies.Manyanimalsarecritically___5___dangerandmaygoextinctinthewild,butinzoos,theyaregoingwrong.Manyothersarealreadyextinctinthewildandonlyanimals___6___arekeptinzoossurvive.Eventhosecriticsofzoosoftenrecognizethatitisbettertohavespeciespreservedsomewherethanlosethemaltogether,asanimalsheldinzoos___7___(protect)fromseriousthreat.【答案】4.particularly5.in6.that/which7.areprotected【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文，文章介紹了動物園在保護瀕危動物方面的作用。【4題詳解】考查副詞。句意：它們對瀕危物種尤其重要?？仗幮揎椥稳菰~important，應用副詞形式。故填particularly?！?題詳解】考查介詞。句意：許多動物在野外處于極度危險中，可能會滅絕。beindanger處于危險中，是固定短語，故填in?！?題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：許多其他動物在野外已經滅絕，只有飼養(yǎng)在動物園的動物才能生存。分析句子可知，空處引導一個定語從句，先行詞是animals，關系詞在從句中作主語，應用that或which引導，故填that/which?！?題詳解】考查時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：即使是那些批評動物園的人也常常認識到，把物種保存在某個地方總比把它們全部丟掉要好，因為關在動物園里的動物受到保護，免受嚴重威脅。結合本句時態(tài)可知，空處也使用一般現(xiàn)在時，且主語animals和動詞protect之間是被動關系，應用被動語態(tài)，主語是名詞復數，故填areprotected。C閱讀下列短文，根據短文內容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當的單詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。___8___(wear)differentcolorscanaffecthowyoufeelandhowothersreacttoyou,soitisimportanttoconsiderthiswhendeciding___9___towearinthemorning.Ifyouwantpeopletotakeyouseriously,putonnavyblueorblack.Bluewouldalsobehelpfulforaninterviewororalexaminationbecauseitrelaxesyouandmakesyoufeelcalm.Redgetsyounoticedbyeveryoneandmakeyoufeelenergetic,___10___becareful,asitcanraiseyourheartrateandnoteveryonewantthiseffect.Sothinkcarefullybeforeyouleaveyourhouse.【答案】8.Wearing9.what10.but【解析】【分析】本文是說明文。文章介紹了穿不同顏色的衣服帶來的自我感覺，以及對別人如何看待你的影響，并進行了舉例說明。【8題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：穿不同的顏色會影響你的感受以及其他人對你的反應，所以在決定早上穿什么時，考慮這一點是很重要的。分析句子可知，“__1___(wear)differentcolors”作主語用動名詞形式，置句首單詞首字母大寫，故填Wearing。【9題詳解】考查疑問詞+不定式。句意：穿不同的顏色會影響你的感受以及其他人對你的反應，所以在決定早上穿什么時，考慮這一點是很重要的。分析句子可知，空格處是“疑問詞+不定式”作deciding的賓語，wear缺少賓語，結合句意，what“什么”符合題意，并作賓語，故填what?！?0題詳解】考查連詞。句意：紅色會讓每個人都注意到你，讓你感到充滿活力，但是要小心，因為它可以提高你的心率，不是每個人都想要這種效果。根據句意，前后文是轉折關系，故填but。第二節(jié)選詞填空（共8小題；每小題1.5分，共12分）閱讀下面的短文，用方框所給短語替換劃線部分。inshortbasedonattheheartofattempttoarguewithachieveahigherlevelofunderstandingourownviewgetinthewayoflearningTherearemanythingswecandotobeebetterlearners.Weallhavetwovoices.Ourinnervoicetellsus____11____personalopinionsandouroutervoicedealswithothers'opinionsandthingswehaveheard.Ifwelistentoourinnervoicetoomuch,itcan____12____blockusfromlearning.Ifyourinnervoiceisdifficulttocontrol,youcan____13____disagreewithit.Oneofthebestwaystopromoteactivelearningistoaskquestions.Thishelpsyou____14____gainmoreknowledgeaboutatopic.____15____Inaword,weshouldneverstopbeingcurious,Activelearnersalso____16____trytoquestiontheworldaroundthemandunderstandthetruth____17____deepwithineveryidea.Finally,asactivelearners,weshouldneverformopinionsaboutpeople____18____onthebasisoffirstimpressions.【答案】11.ourownview12.getinthewayoflearning13.arguewith14.achieveahigherlevelofunderstanding15.Inshort16.attemptto17.attheheartof18.basedon【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是如何成為更好的學習者。【11題詳解】考查固定短語。句意：我們內心的聲音告訴我們自己的觀點，而外部的聲音則是別人的觀點和我們聽到的東西。根據句意，畫線部分personalopinions意為“個人觀點”，等同于“我們自己的觀點”，即ourownview，故填ourownview?！?2題詳解】考查固定短語。句意：如果我們太過傾聽內心的聲音，就會妨礙學習。根據句意可知，畫線部分blockusfromlearning意為“妨礙學習”，等同于getinthewayoflearning，故填getinthewayoflearning?！?3題詳解】考查固定短語。句意：如果你內心的聲音難以控制，你可以和它爭論。根據句意可知，畫線部分disagreewith意為“不同意”，等同于“和……爭論”，即arguewith，故填arguewith。【14題詳解】考查動詞。句意：這有助于你對主題的理解達到更高的水平。根據句意可知，畫線部分gainmoreknowledge意為“得到更多知識”，和achieveahigherlevelofunderstanding意義相近，故填achieveahigherlevelofunderstanding?！?5題詳解】考查固定短語。句意：簡而言之，我們永遠都不應該停止好奇。根據句意，畫線部分Inaword意為“簡而言之”，相當于inshort，位于句首，首字母大寫，故填Inshort。【16題詳解】考查固定短語。句意：主動學習者還試圖質疑他們周圍的世界，理解每個想法的核心真理。根據句意，畫線部分tryto意為“試圖”，等于attemptto，故填attemptto。【17題詳解】考查固定短語。句意：主動學習者還試圖質疑他們周圍的世界，理解每個想法的核心真理。根據句意，畫線部分deepwithin意為“在……的核心”，相當于attheheartof，故填attheheartof。【18題詳解】考查過去分詞和固定短語。句意：最后，作為積極的學習者，我們不應該根據第一印象來形成對別人的看法。根據句意，畫線部分onthebasisof意為“根據，基于”，相當于basedon。故填basedon。第三節(jié)完形填空（共12小題；每小題1.5分，共18分）閱讀下面的短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。“IwasattackedbyatigersharkinOctober1997.ItwasnearmyhomeontheislandofKanai.Thewaveswerereallygood,sonothingwasstoppingus.”ThatwasuntillargesharkcamerightupunderMikeand___19___histeethintoMike’slowerleg.There’dbeennosplashing,nonoise,andMikefeltnopain,onlyintensepressureonhisAshetriedtogethimselffree,thesharkbitdownharder,shakingitsheadbackandforthandtossingMikearoundlikeadoll.Mikehitthesharkhardintheface,againandagainuntiltheshark______him.AsMikeswambackintoshore,hefelthislowerrightlegspamming(痙攣);whenhelookeddown,herealizeditwas___22___.Thesharkhadbithislowerlegoff.Mike’sfriendscametohisaidimmediately,andtriedtocontrolseverebleedingandrushedhimtothehospital.WhenMikeopenedhiseyes,herealizedhewasinthehospital.Duringthenextfewweeks,Mikeresearchedprosthetics(假肢)andconsideredthe___23___.AssoonasMikewasgiventheOKbyhisdoctors,hedidwhatmanyofusmightconsider___24___:hestartedridingthewavesagain.Infact,hisfirsttimebackwasnearthesiteofhisattack.ButMikewasunshaken.Instead,hewascuriouswhywasheattacked?Mike___25___thatthewaterhadafishysmellthemorningoftheattack.Wasthatwhatattractedtheshark?Hiscuriosityledhimtoresearchsharks,andwhilehenever___26___whyhebecameatarget,Mikedidlearnsomethingthatwouldchangehislife:Humansarefarmore___27___tosharksthantheotherwayaround,MiketellsReader’sDigest.“IwatchedadocumentarycalledSharkwater,andIlearnedaboutthe____28____forsharkfinsoupandthefactthat70millionsharksayeararekilledfortheirfinsalone.”Hisuniquesituationasasharksurvivorempoweredhimtogivesharksa____29____,Mikesays.HebeganworkingwiththeHawaiistatelegislature(立法機關)tohelppassa____30____onsharkrelatedproducts.”Ipartneredwithotherlikemindedsharkattacksurvivorsandmarinebiologists,andweheadedtoWashingtontourgethegovernmenttocreateanationwidebillprotectingsharks.”19.A.cut B.bit C.sank D.dropped20.A.upper B.lower C.inner D.heavier.A.released B.defeated C.spotted D.replaced22.A.caught B.stolen C.left D.gone23.A.injury B.future C.career D.event24.A.unimportant B.incorrect C.unthinkable D.immature25.A.proved B.stressed C.recalled D.regretted26.A.puzzledover B.figuredout C.caredabout D.lookinto27.A.sensitive B.friendly C.risky D.dangerous28.A.demand B.anxiety C.benefit D.value29.A.voice B.challenge C.right D.chance30.A.plan B.test C.decision D.ban【答案】19.C20.B.A22.D23.B24.C25.C26.B27.D28.A29.A30.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講了一次沖浪愛好者邁克在海中遇險，被鯊魚咬掉了小腿。在邁克安裝了假肢后，他不僅重返大海，繼續(xù)沖浪運動，還從事起鯊魚保護的公益活動。【19題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：直到一條大鯊魚游到邁克身下，咬住了他的小腿。A.cut切下；B.bit咬；C.sank陷入；D.dropped下降。根據“Ashetriedtogethimselffree,thesharkbitdownharder,shakingitsheadbackandforthandtossingMikearoundlikeadoll.”可知大鯊魚咬住了邁克的小腿。sink…into意思是陷入，形象生動地再現(xiàn)了鯊魚悄無聲息地把邁克的小腿置于自己鋒利的牙齒間的情景。故選C?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：沒有噴濺，沒有響聲，邁克也沒有感覺到疼痛，只有下半身受到強烈的壓迫。A.upper上面的；B.lower下面的；C.inner內部的；D.heavier沉重的。根據“ThatwasuntillargesharkcamerightupunderMikeand___1___histeethintoMike’slowerleg.”可知鯊魚咬住了邁克的小腿，他自然是下半身受到強烈的壓迫。故選B。【題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：邁克重重地打在鯊魚臉上，一次又一次，直到鯊魚松開了他。A.released放開；B.defeated打敗；C.spotted發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.replaced取代。根據“AsMikeswambackintoshore,hefelthislowerrightlegspamming”可知在邁克不斷地擊打下，鯊魚松開了他，邁克游回了岸邊。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當邁克游回岸邊時，他感到右腿痙攣；當他往下看時，他發(fā)現(xiàn)它不見了。A.caught抓住；B.stolen偷；C.left離開；D.gone不復存在。根據“Thesharkhadbithislowerlegoff.”可知他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的小腿不在了。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在接下來的幾個星期里，邁克研究了修復術，并考慮了未來。A.injury傷害；B.future未來；C.career生涯；D.event事件。根據“Duringthenextfewweeks,Mikeresearchedprosthetics”結合下文他又去海邊沖浪，可知邁克研究了修復術，并考慮了未來。故選B。【24題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：醫(yī)生們一同意，邁克就做了一件我們很多人可能認為不可思議的事：他又開始沖浪了。A.unimportant不重要的；B.incorrect不正確的；C.unthinkable不能想象的；D.immature不成熟的。根據“hestartedridingthewavesagain.Infact,hisfirsttimebackwasnearthesiteofhisattack.”可知邁克被鯊魚咬掉了小腿，還決定繼續(xù)沖浪，這是人們無法想象的事情。故選C。【25題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：邁克回憶起在襲擊發(fā)生的那天早上，海水里有股魚腥味。A.proved證明；B.stressed強調；C.recalled回憶；D.regretted后悔。根據“thewaterhadafishysmellthemorningoftheattack.”可知邁克在回憶被鯊魚襲擊的那天早晨。故選C。【26題詳解】考查固定短語詞義辨析。句意：他好奇心促使他去研究鯊魚，雖然他從未弄清楚自己為什么會成為目標，但邁克確實學到了一些改變他一生的東西:人類對鯊魚的危險遠超過鯊魚對人類的危險，邁克告訴《讀者文摘》。A.puzzledover努力思考；B.figuredout想出，弄明白；C.caredabout關心；D.lookinto調查。根據“whyhebecameatarget”可知他從未弄清楚自己為什么會成為目標。故選B。【27題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他的好奇心促使他去研究鯊魚，雖然他從未弄清楚自己為什么會成為目標，但邁克確實學到了一些改變他一生的東西:人類對鯊魚的危險遠超過鯊魚對人類的危險，邁克告訴《讀者文摘》。A.sensitive敏感的；B.friendly友好的；C.risky冒險的；D.dangerous危險的。根據“IwatchedadocumentarycalledSharkwater,andIlearnedaboutthe___10___forsharkfinsoupandthefactthat70millionsharksayeararekilledfortheirfinsalone.”可知人類對鯊魚的危險遠超過鯊魚對人類的危險。故選D。【28題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我看了一部名為《鯊魚水》的紀錄片，我了解到人們對魚翅湯的需求，以及每年僅為了魚翅就有7000萬條鯊魚被捕殺的事實。A.demand需求；B.anxiety焦慮；C.benefit好處；D.value價值。根據“andthefactthat70millionsharksayeararekilledfortheirfinsalone.”可知這里意思是人們對魚翅湯的需求。故選A?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：邁克說，作為鯊魚幸存者，他的獨特處境賦予了他發(fā)言權。A.voice發(fā)言權；B.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；C.right權利；D.chance機會。根據“HebeganworkingwiththeHawaiistatelegislature(立法機關）tohelppassa___12___onsharkrelatedproducts.”可知邁克為鯊魚發(fā)聲，即他的獨特處境賦予了他發(fā)言權。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他開始與夏威夷州立法機構合作，幫助通過一項關于鯊魚相關產品的禁令。A.plan計劃；B.test測驗；C.decision決定；D.ban禁令。根據“onsharkrelatedproducts”和“weheadedtoWashingtontourgethegovernmenttocreateanationwidebillprotectingsharks”可知這里意思是幫助通過一項關于鯊魚相關產品的禁令。故選D。第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，35分）第一節(jié)閱讀選擇（共12小題；每小題2分，共24分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。AWomenWhoChangedScienceForeverThisInternationalWomen’sDay,we’recelebratingthreewomenwhochangedthefaceofscienceforever.EllenOchoaEllenOchoaisanAmericanengineerandretiredastronaut.ShewasthefirstLatinawomantoflyinspaceaspartofthecrewoftheshuttleDiscoveryin1993.OchoaattendedSanDiegoAttheendofherflyingcareer,Ochoahadtravelednearly1,000hoursinspace.From2012to2018,OchoaservedasthedirectorofJohnsonSpaceCenterinHouston,MamiePhippsClarkMamiePhippsClarkwasanAmericansocialpsychologist(心理學家),whospecializedinchilddevelopmentinblackchildren.BorninArkansas,Clarkdrewonherearlyexperiencesasablackchildinthesegregated(種族隔離的)AmericanSouthtohelpchildrengrowingupwiththesameiniquities.ClarkstatedatHowardUniversityin1934,andwentontopleteaPhDinpsychology.SheandKenneth,nowherhusband,werethefirsttwoblackpeopletoearnPhDsatAnandibaiGopalraoJosheeAnandibaiJpsheewastobeeIndia’sfirstwomanphysicianwithamedicaldegree.Whenshewasyoung,herfatherstrayed(偏離)fromthetraditionalHindubeliefthatwomenshouldnotreceiveeducationandencouragedhertogotoschool.Whenshewasfifteen,shewasdeterminedtostudymedicine,achoicelikelyinfluencedbythelossofaninfantsonandsurvivingaseriousillnessherself.AttheWoman’sMedicalCollege,Josheestudieddevotedly,hopingtoreturntoIndiatoserveotherIndianwomen.ShediedinFebruary1887attheyoungageoftwentyone.Despitehershortlife,Joshee’sacplishmentswereremarkableforanIndianwoman,andherachievementswereenoughtoopenthedoorforotherIndianwomentoquicklyfollow.31.InOchoa’sidea,whatinfluenceshermostinhercareer?A.Herparttimejobinacollege.B.Herfirstflightinspacein1993.C.Hermother’sdesireforknowledge.D.HerexperienceinNASAheadquarters.32.WhatisPhippsClarkfamousfor?A.HavingaPhDinpsychology.B.Fightingagainstracialdiscrimination.C.Startingthetestonthegrowthofchildren.D.Devotingherselftothefoundingofequalities.33.Whatdothethreegreatwomenhaveinmon?A.Theyspecializedinsimilarresearchfields.B.Theyallexperiencedinequalityineducation.C.Theywerepioneerschangingourbeliefinwomen.D.Theywerescientistsinfluencingourwayoflearning34.Whichofthefollowingwordbestdescribesthethreewomen?A.Dedicated. B.Modest. C.Creative. D.Caring.【答案】31.C32.B33.C34.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了三位偉大的女性，講述了她們的成就。【31題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段“Ochoaregardshermother,whosepassionforlearningkeptherinparttimecollegecoursesallthroughOchoa’schildhood,asanimportantinfluenceonhercareer.(奧喬亞認為她的母親對她的職業(yè)生涯有重要的影響。她的母親對學習的熱情使她在整個童年時期都在兼職學習大學課程)”可知，奧喬亞母親對知識的渴望對她職業(yè)生涯影響最大。故選C。【32題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段“BorninArkansas,Clarkdrewonherearlyexperiencesasablackchildinthesegregated(種族隔離的)AmericanSouthtohelpchildrengrowingupwiththesameiniquities.(克拉克出生在阿肯色州，她早年在種族隔離的美國南部作為一個黑人兒童的經歷，幫助那些在同樣的不公中成長的孩子)”可知，菲普斯·克拉克以反對種族歧視出名。故選B?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第一段“ThisInternationalWomen’sDay,we’recelebratingthreewomenwhochangedthefaceofscienceforever.(今年的國際婦女節(jié)，我們要慶祝三位永遠改變了科學面貌的女性)”可推斷，這三位偉大的女性是改變我們對女性信念的先鋒。故選C?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第三段“Attheendofherflyingcareer,Ochoahadtravelednearly1,000hoursinspace.(在她的飛行生涯結束時，奧喬亞在太空中飛行了近1000小時)”；倒數第三段“Withtheirfunding,shestartedthefamousDollTest,whichshowedthenegativeeffectsofschoolsegregationonblackchildren.(在他們的資助下，她開始了著名的娃娃測試，展示了學校隔離對黑人兒童的負面影響)”以及倒數第二段“AttheWoman’sMedicalCollege,Josheestudieddevotedly,hopingtoreturntoIndiatoserveotherIndianwomen.(在女子醫(yī)學院，喬西專心致志地學習，希望回到印度服務其他印度婦女)”可推斷，這三位女性獻身于自己的社會事業(yè)。故選A。BECyclingreferstotherecyclingofelectronicitems,whicharebeingamonprobleminAmericanhomeandthroughouttheworld.TheEPA,orEnvironmentalProtectionAgency,hasactuallystartedaprogramtohelpandmotivatetherecyclingofelectronics.Togettheprogramtotheregionalandneighborhoodlevels,theEPAdirected“PlugIntoeCyelingPartners.”Thesepartnershipssupportelectronicreusingprogramsinindividualmunities.Theyprovidelocalgovernments,retailersandmanufacturerswithopportunitiestoreuseandrecycletheiritems.Thosewhomakeandofferelectronicdevicesthenpromoteprogramsandopportunitiesforconsumerstoreusetheirsecondhandelectronicproducts.OneoftheEPA’sgoalsistoenlightencustomersaboutwhytherecyclingofelectronicsissoimportant.TheylikewisewishtomakeeCyclingchanceseasilyaccessibletospecificconsumersandtheirfamilyelectronics.AccordingtotheEPA,theeCyclingprogramhasactuallybeenquitesuccessful.In2008,theEPAcollected66.5millionpoundsofelectronicdevicesthroughtheirPlugInPartners.Localgovernmentshaveactuallylikewisegotonboardandpassedlawsintendedtohandleusedelectronicdevices.HugecorporationshaveactuallyintroducedeCyclingprogramsattheirlocalretailstores.Onesellerofferscustomerssmall,mediumandbigboxesforsale,whichthecustomersthenloadwithusedelectronicsandgobacktothestore.Typically，customersbringtheirrecyclableelectronicstoalocation.WhentheelectronicitemsaregatheredbytheEPA(typicallythisisdonebythePartners),theyarereusedorrecycled.Reuseditemsarerepairedandrefurbished,andpassedontoothersasacontribution.Youcanrepairorreconditionyourveryownelectronicdevicestoo,extendingthelifeoftheitemsandconservingtheenergyofmakingnewmaterials.Reusingelectronicdevicesincludesmakinguseoftheproductsandpatsoftheitems.Thesematerialsandpartsarethenmadeuseoftoproduceanotheritem.Thisismoreefficientthanmakingitemsfromnewmaterials.SomeitemsthataremonlyeCycledconsistoftelevisions,putermonitors,printers,notebookputer,keyboardsandcabletelevisions.Lessusualitemsincludecopyingmachines,CDplayers,voicemailmachines,puterharddrives,mobiletelephones,remotecontrols,radios,batteries,telephones,facsimilemachinesandputergames.Occasionally,electronicitemssuchasmicrowaves,fans,vacuums,smokealarms,andtoastersareeCycled.AstheeCyclingprogramcontinues,youoryourorganizationmaywanttogetinvolved.ChecktheEPA’sinternetsite()forregionaleCyclingprograms,orfordetailsonhowyourpanycanparticipate.TheirwebsitehaslinkstoorganizationsthataretakingpartintheeCyclingprogram.35.TheEPAbroughtabout“PlugIntoeCyclingPartners”to__________.A.makeandofferelectronicdevicestoconsumersB.makecustomersunderstandtheimportanceofeCyclingC.maketheprogramaccessibletolocalregionsandmunitiesD.makeitpossibleforconsumerstoreusetheirusedeproducts36.ThePlugInPartnersaremainlyengagedin__________.A.repairingelectronicdevice B.gatheringrecyclableelectronicsC.reusingsecondhandeproducts D.offeringcustomersdifferentboxesforsale.37.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.PeoplecanselltheirreuseditemsontheInternet.B.Individualscan’ttakepartineCyclingprograms.C.DevicesofputersarewelleCycled.D.NoteveryelectronicitemcanbeeCycled.38.Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?A.Tointroduceanewwaytosavecosts.BToteachcustomershowtorecycleelectronics.C.ToattractpeopletojoinintheeCyclingprograms.D.TocallonlocalgovernmentstosupportPlugInPartners.【答案】35.C36.B37.D38.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一個名為eCycling的項目，它是指電子產品的回收，這正在成為一個普遍的問題在美國家庭和世界各地。美國環(huán)境保護署實際上已經啟動了一個項目來幫助和激勵電子產品的回收利用。文章介紹了這個項目的一些開展情況和人們的參與情況。【35題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段中“Togettheprogramtotheregionalandneighborhoodlevels,theEPAdirected“PlugIntoeCyelingPartners.”Thesepartnershipssupportelectronicreusingprogramsinindividualmunities.(為了將該項目推廣到地區(qū)和社區(qū)層面，環(huán)保署將PlugIn應用于eCyelingPartners。這些伙伴關系支持各個社區(qū)的電子產品再利用項目)”可知，美國環(huán)境保護署推出了“PlugIntoeCyclingPartners”計劃，是為了使當地地區(qū)和社區(qū)都可以使用該計劃。故選C。【36題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段中“Theyprovidelocalgovernments,retailersandmanufacturerswithopportunitiestoreuseandrecycletheiritems.Thosewhomakeandofferelectronicdevicesthenpromoteprogramsandopportunitiesforconsumerstoreusetheirsecondhandelectronicproducts.(它們?yōu)榈胤秸⒘闶凵毯椭圃焐烫峁┝酥匦吕煤突厥掌洚a品的機會。那些制造和提供電子設備的公司會為消費者提供再利用二手電子產品的項目和機會)”可知，PlugInPartners主要從事回收電子產品的收集活動。故選B?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段“SomeitemsthataremonlyeCycledconsistoftelevisions,putermonitors,printers,notebookputer,keyboardsandcabletelevisions.Lessusualitemsincludecopyingmachines,CDplayers,voicemailmachines,puterharddrives,mobiletelephones,remotecontrols,radios,batteries,telephones,facsimilemachinesandputergames.Occasionally,electronicitemssuchasmicrowaves,fans,vacuums,smokealarms,andtoastersareeCycled.(一些通常被回收的物品包括電視機、電腦顯示器、打印機、筆記本電腦、鍵盤和有線電視。不太常見的物品包括復印機、CD播放機、語音留言機、電腦硬盤、移動、遙控器、收音機、電池、、機和電腦游戲。偶爾也會回收微波、風扇、吸塵器、煙霧報警器和烤面包機等電子產品)”可推知，不是所有的電子產品都能被回收利用。故選D。【38題詳解】推理判斷題。根據最后一段“AstheeCyclingprogramcontinues,youoryourorganizationmaywanttogetinvolved.ChecktheEPA’sinternetsite()forregionaleCyclingprograms,orfordetailsonhowyourpanycanparticipate.TheirwebsitehaslinkstoorganizationsthataretakingpartintheeCyclingprogram.(隨著eCycling的繼續(xù)，您或您的組織可能想要參與其中。查看美國環(huán)境保護署的網站()，了解區(qū)域eCycling項目，或了解貴公司如何參與的詳細信息。他們的網站上有參與電子產品回收項目的組織的鏈接)”可推知，這篇文章的主要目的是吸引人們參加eCycling項目。故選C。CWhatrolemightartsplayinresponsetoclimatechangeandrelatedeconomicandecologicalcrises?It’softensaidthatanovel,apainting,asongoramotionpicturechangedhowalotofpeoplethoughtorfeltabouttheworld.Anthropologists(人類學家)andhistoriansrightlyarguethatmajorchangesinsocietyhavesprungupnotfromthearts,butfromourrelationshiptoourenvironment.Nevertheless,artists’effortshelpshapethetermsbywhichsocietyadaptstosuchchangesandtheirconsequences.ThinkofhowBeethovenmarkedthebeginningsofmoderndemocracyandthenascent(初期的)IndustrialRevolution.OrhowHollywoodwritersanddirectorsinspiredmassivesupportfortheU.S.wareffortduringtheearly1940s.WehavesteppedintoacenturyinwhichthesocietalsystemshavebeenbuiltsincethestartoftheIndustrialRevolution.Ourfoodsystem，transportsystem，energysystem，financialsystem，andpossiblyourpoliticalandgovernancesystemsweredesignedduringanerainwhichfossilfuelsmetthegreatquantityofourfastgrowingenergydemand.Butfossilfuelsareexhaustibleresources,andtheirreductionwilldriveevermoredesperatemethodsofextraction(提煉),createevermoreenvironmentalriskandrequireevermorecapitalevenasalternativeenergysourcestheyarealsocostly.Further,burningfossilfuelschangesourplanet’sclimate.So,atthesametimeoureconomywillneedtoberedesignedtorunonentirelydifferentenergysources,andthenaturalworldwillbeshiftingaroundusinunprecedented(空前的)ways,withmorefrequentdisastrousstorms，floods，droughtsetc.Everythingwillbeupfornegotiation,redesignandchange.Andartistshavetheopportunityanddutytotranslatetheresultingtumultuous(動蕩的)humanexperienceintowords,images，andmusicthathelppeoplenotjusttounderstandtheseeventsmentally,butalsotoetogripswiththemwillingly.Theeconomicandenvironmentalshiftsdescribedabovearecurrentlybeingdetailedinevergreaterspecificityinhundredsofreportsreleasedyearlybyclimateandenergyexperts.What’smissingintheircarefullywordedjournalarticlesisthehumandimensionsofimagination,joyorsorrow,inspiration,andpassion.Artcanhelpuscopewiththepossibleeffectsofourcollectivechallenges.Itcanhelppreparesocietyforapossiblypainfulfuture.Itcangivevoicetosufferingandloss,helpingpeopledealwithlife’sunavoidablestress.Anditcanalsoofferbeauty,whichcanbeespeciallyimportantinhardtimes.Meaningfulartcanandmustexpressthechaosweencounterandhelpusprocessitmentallyandemotionally.Toachievethis,artistsneedtodigdeeper,observemorecloselyandhelptheiraudiencesconnectabstractexplanationsandforecastswithactualexperiences.39.TheauthormentionsBeethoventosuggestthat__________.A.musicianscaneasilyadapttochangesinsocietyB.musiccancontrolthesocialchangeoftheworldC.anthropologistsarerightaboutmajorchangesinsocietyD.artservesasabridgeforpeopletounderstandtheworld40.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“etogripswith”inParagraph4probablymean?A.starttocreate B.begintodealwithC.trytorecord D.takeaninterestin41.Accordingtotheauthor,theartists__________.A.areexpectedtoshowhumanexperienceinworksB.dealwiththeunpleasanteventswillinglyC.helppeopleforecastpainfulfutureD.arethevoiceofsufferingandloss42.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ArtinGreaterNeedduringClimateChangeB.TheRelationshipBetweenSocietyandArtC.TheClimateCluesHiddeninAtHistoryD.TheBestWaystoChangetheWorld【答案】39.D40.B41.A42.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了藝術在應對氣候變化以及相關的經濟危機和生態(tài)危機方面可以發(fā)揮什么作用。【39題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。從題干關鍵詞“Beethoven”，可以定位到文章第一段，根據第一段的第二至第四句可知，人類學家和歷史學家認為，社會的重大變化不是從藝術中產生的，而是從我們與環(huán)境的關系中產生的。然而，藝術家的努力，幫助我們塑造了社會適應這些變化及其后果的條件。想想貝多芬是如何標志著現(xiàn)代民主和初期工業(yè)革命的開始。因此可推斷，作者提到貝多芬是想說明，藝術可以幫助人們更好的理解和認識世界。選項D意為“藝術是人們認識世界的橋梁”，與作者觀點相符。故選D項。【40題詳解】詞句猜測題。選項含義：A.開始創(chuàng)造；B.開始處理；C.試圖記錄；D.對……感興趣；根據劃線單詞“etogripswith”所在句“Andartistshavetheopportunityanddutytotranslatetheresultingtumultuous（動蕩的）humanexperienceintowords,images，andmusicthathelppeoplenotjusttounderstandtheseeventsmentally,butalsotoetogripswiththemwillingly.(藝術家有機會也有義務把由此產生的混亂的人類經歷轉化成文字、圖像和音樂，不僅有助于人們從心理上理解這些事件，而且有助于人們心甘情愿地處理這些事件)”可知，此處意為“處理”。故選B項?！?1題詳解】觀點態(tài)度題。根據第四段第二句“Andartistshavetheopportunityanddutytotranslatetheresultingtumultuous(動蕩)humanexperienceintowords,images，andmusic(藝術家有機會也有義務把由此產生的混亂的人類經歷轉化成文字、圖像和音樂)”，以及作者在此處的用詞“duty”可知，作者認為藝術家應該在作品中展示人類的經歷。選項A“artistsareexpectedtoshowhumanexperienceinworks(藝術家被期望在作品中展示人類的經歷)”，與作者的觀點相符。故選A項。【42題詳解】主旨大意題。根據文章第一段可知，本文要討論藝術在應對氣候變化和相關經濟和生態(tài)危機方面可能發(fā)揮什么作用。根據最后一段可知，有意義的藝術可以而且必須表達我們遇到的混亂，并幫助我們在心理和情感上處理它。要做到這一點，藝術家需要更深入地挖掘，更密切地觀察，幫助觀眾將抽象的解釋和預測與實際經驗聯(lián)系起來。也就是說，作者認為，藝術可以幫助人們更好的理解和應對較大的社會變化以及社會混亂。選項A“ArtinGreaterNeedduringClimateChange(氣候變化期間更需要藝術)”中，“climatechange”屬于較大的變化，需要藝術幫助人們更好的理解和應對，與作者在文中的觀點一致。選項B“TheRelationshipBetweenSocietyandArt(社會和藝術的關系)”，在原文中并沒有提到社會與藝術的關系，而是側重于講藝術的作用。選項C“TheClimateCluesHiddeninArtHistory(藏在藝術史中的氣候線索)”，在原文中沒有提到。選項D“TheBestWaystoChangetheWorld(改變世界的最佳方式)”，在原文中沒有提到。故選A項?！军c睛】做閱讀理解題時，在文中出現(xiàn)大寫字母的地方，通常是人名，地名，機構名等，以及文中出現(xiàn)引號，或者出現(xiàn)數字的地方，都是細節(jié)理解題比較容易設問的點，所以在閱讀時，遇到有上述特征的文段，可以多加留意，或者提前標注，以便于在答題時可以快速定位，提升答題效率，比如文中第1小題的“Beethoven”。第二節(jié)閱讀回答問題（共4題；4345每小題2分，46題5分，共11分）閱讀下面的短文，根據短文內容回答問題。YourFoodChoicesAffecttheEarth’sClimateEveryactionhasacost,evenforgrowingfoodanddeliveringittoyourdinnerplate.Ateamofresearchershasfoundthatmeatproductionreleasesmoreclimatewarmingpollutionthanitdoeswhenproducingfruits,vegetables,nutsandgrains.Theircalculationssuggestthatpeoplecoulddoalottoslowglobalwarmingiftheylimitedhowmuchmeattheyeat.Thereareplenty