英語選修8教師用書Module1SectionⅢGrammar

SectionⅢGrammar——主語和動詞語境自主領(lǐng)悟先觀察原句后自主感悟主語①AntarcticaisthecoldestplaceonEarth.②TheycalleditAnti-Arktikos,orAntarctica.③98%ofthesurfaceiscoveredpermanentlyintheicecap.④Tolearnaforeignlanguagewellisnoteasy.⑤Swimmingisagoodexercise.⑥Whetherhewilleisdoubtful.1.①～⑥句中的黑體部分在句中均作主語。2.由④⑤⑥句可知，不定式、動名詞、從句作主語時謂語動詞通常要用單數(shù)形式。動詞⑦Ihopetoseeyousoon.⑧Hecameinandsatdown.⑨Thestudentwentpalewhenhesawtheteacher.⑩Icaneasilytellmyfather'sstep.?Wehadn'twalkedfarwhenwelostourway.3.由⑦～?可知，黑體部分均為動詞，⑦⑧句中的黑體部分可直接作謂語，而⑨⑩?句中黑體部分不能單獨作謂語?？键c一主語主語是一句話的中心。主語通常由名詞、the＋形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞或者相當(dāng)于名詞的不定式、動名詞或從句充當(dāng)。詞類例句名詞Thenewsisexciting.the＋形容詞Thedisabledarewellcaredforinourcountry.代詞Noneofusbelievedwhathesaid.數(shù)詞One-thirdoftheworkhasbeenfinished.不定式Todecideistoact.(決定即行動。)動名詞Watchingafilmisapleasure；makingoneishardwork.從句Whetherhewilleisunknown.[名師點津]不定式、動名詞和主語從句作主語時，習(xí)慣用it充當(dāng)形式主語，把真正的主語置于句末。It'sapitythatyoushouldhavetoleave.你非走不可真是一件遺憾的事。Itisanhonourtobeherewithyou.能與你一起在這兒很榮幸。[即時演練1]畫出下面句子中的主語①Ittakesushourstodoourhomeworkeveryday.②Onemustadmirehimforhiswillingness.③“Howdoyoudo？”isagreeting.④Thereisachemicalworksoverthere.⑤Learninghowtoraisethesails，ofcourse，isanimportantpartofasailor'straining.考點二動詞動詞按照在句中的功能可分為謂語動詞和非謂語動詞。實義動詞、系動詞等都可在句中作謂語。謂語動詞除了在人稱和數(shù)上與主語保持一致外，還有各種時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。1．動詞的分類動詞的分類用法實義動詞及物動詞一般情況下，其后要跟賓語，意思才完整，如teach，do，expect，hear，learn等；pass，buy，offer，hand等跟雙賓語；make，find，think，consider等跟復(fù)合賓語不及物動詞動詞之后不能跟賓語，如arrive，e，die，rise，get，happen，exist，talk，work，swim等系動詞通常要加上表語，否則意義不完整，如be，bee，keep，remain，stay，lie，stand，seem，appear，look，feel，smell，taste，sound，grow，turn，get，go等情態(tài)動詞后接動詞原形，與其一起構(gòu)成謂語，本身具有詞義，如can/could，will/would，shall/should，may/might，need，dare，must等助動詞用來構(gòu)成各種時態(tài)和語態(tài)，本身無具體詞義，如do，have，be，shall，will，would等2.動詞的時態(tài)(以動詞ask為例)時態(tài)種類構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在過去將來過去將來一般時asksaskaskedshall/will＋askshould/would＋ask進(jìn)行時am/is/are＋askingwas/were＋askingshall/will＋be＋askingshould/would＋be＋asking完成時have/has＋askedhad＋askedshall/will＋have＋askedshould/would＋have＋asked完成進(jìn)行時have/has＋been＋askinghad＋been＋asking3.常用時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)時態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/are＋過去分詞一般過去時was/were＋過去分詞一般將來時will/shall＋be＋過去分詞過去將來時would/should＋be＋過去分詞或was/weregoingtobe＋過去分詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時am/is/arebeing＋過去分詞過去進(jìn)行時was/werebeing＋過去分詞現(xiàn)在完成時has/havebeen＋過去分詞過去完成時hadbeen＋過去分詞[即時演練2]單句改錯①Wemustfoundwaystoprotecttheenvironment.found→find②Awomansawhimcryingandtellinghimtowaitoutsidetheshop.telling→told③Wecanlieonthegrassforarest,orsitbythelakelisteningmusic.listening后加to④Inmyopinion,cheatinginexamsarewrong.are→is⑤ShehadtaughtusEnglishwhenIattendedtrainingcoursestwoyearsago.去掉hadⅠ.單句語法填空1．Hisfamilyarewatching(watch)TVnow.2．Imet(meet)Lucyonthestreettheotherday.3．Greatchangeshavetaken(take)placeinourschoolinthepastfiveyears.4．Apositionwasoffered(offer)tohimthen.5．Fivecarshavebeenrepaired(repair)sofar.6．Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrowis(be)oftenacceptable.7．IfyouetovisitChina，youwillexperience(experience)acultureofamazingdepthandvariety.8．Itisnousetellinghimnottoworry.9．Betweenthetwowindowshangs(hang)apicture.10．Wheretohold(hold)themeetinghasn'tbeendecided.Ⅱ.單句改錯(每小題僅有1處錯誤)1．Wecanchosebetweenstayingathomeandtakingatrip.chose→choose2．Iknowthegirlwhoinvitedtothepartybytheboylastnight.who后加was3．Atthattime，weoftenspend