2023年研究生考試英語(yǔ)一真題

2023年全國(guó)碩士研究生招生考試

英語(yǔ)（一）試題

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions：

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreach

numberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.

(10points)

CaravanseraiswereroadsideinnsthatwerebuiltalongtheSilk

RoadinareasincludingChina,NorthAfricaandtheMiddleEast.

Theyweretypically1outsidethewallsofacityorvillageand

wereusuallyfundedbylocalgovernmentsof2.

Theword'Caravanserai'isa3ofthePersianwords'karvan,,

whichmeansagroupoftravellersoracaravan,andseray,a

palaceorenclosedbuilding.Thetermcaravanwasused

to4groupsofpeoplewhotravelledtogetheracrosstheancient

networkforsafetyreasons,5merchants,travellersorpilgrims.

Fromthe10thcenturyonwards,asmerchantandtravelroutes

becamemoredeveloped,the6ofCaravanseraisincreased

andtheyservedasasafeplaceforpeopletorestatnight.

TravellersontheSilkRoad7thepossibilityofbeingattacked

bythievesorbeing8toextremeweatherconditions.Forthis

reason,Caravanseraiswerestrategicallyplaced9theycould

bereachedinaday'straveltime.

Caravanseraisservedasaninformal10pointforthe

variouspeoplewhotravelledtheSilkRoad.11,thosestructures

becameimportantcentresforcultural12andinteractionwith

travellerssharingtheircultures,ideasandbeliefs,13talking

knowledgewiththem,greatly14thedevelopmentofseveral

civilisations.

Caravanseraiswerealsoanimportantmarketplacefor

commoditiesand15inthetradeofgoodsalongtheSilk

Road.16,itwasfrequentlythefirststopformerchantslooking

toselltheirwaresand17suppliesfortheirownjourneys.Itis

18thataround12,000to15,000caravanseraiswerebuilt

alongtheSilkRoad,19onlyabout3,000areknowntoremain

today,manyofwhicharein20.

1.A.displayedB.occupiedC.locatedD.equipped

2.A.privatelyB.regularlyC.respectivelyD.permanently

3.A.definitionB.transitionC.substitutionD.combination

4.A.classifyB.recordC.describeD.connect

5.A.apartfromB.insteadofC.suchasD.alongwith

6.A.constructionB.restorationC.impressionD.evaluation

7.A.doubtedB.facedC.acceptedD.reduced

8.A.assignedB.subjectedC.accustomedD.opposed

9.A.sothatB.evenifC.nowthatD.incase

10.A.talkingB.startingC.breakingD.meeting

11.A.BythewayB.OnoccasionC.IncomparisonD.Asaresult

12.A.heritageB.revivalC.exchangeD.status

13.A.withregardtoB.inspiteofC.aswellasD.inlinewith

14.A.completingB.influencingC.resumingD.pioneering

15.A.aidedB.investedC.failedD.competed

16.A.RatherB.IndeedC.OtherwiseD.However

17.A.goinforB.standupforC.closeinonD.stockupon

18.A.believedB.predictedC.recalledD.implied

19.A.untilB.becauseC.unlessD.although

20.A.ruinsB.debtC.fashionD.series

SectionnReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions：

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsaftereachtext

bychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWER

SHEET.(40points)

Text1

TheweatherinTexasmayhavecooledsincetherecentextreme

heat,butthetemperaturewillbehighattheStateBoardof

EducationmeetinginAustinthismonthasofficialsdebatehow

climatechangeistaughtinTexasschools.

PatHardy,whosympathizedwithviewsoftheenergysector,is

resistingtheproposedchangetosciencestandardsforpre-teen

pupils.Thesewouldemphasizetheprimacyofhumanactivityin

recentclimatechangeandencouragediscussionofmitigation

measures.

MostscientistsandexpertssharplydisputeHardy'sviews."They

casuallydismissthecareerworkofscholarsandscientistsasjust

anothermisguidedopinion."saysDanQuinn,senior

communicationsstrategistattheTexasFreedomNetwork,a

non-profitgroupthatmonitorspubliceducation,"Whatmillionsof

Texaskidslearnintheirpublicschoolsisdeterminedtoooftenby

thepoliticalideologyofpartisanboardmembers,ratherthanfacts

andsoundscholarship."

SuchdebatereflectsfiercediscussionsacrosstheUSandaround

theworld,asresearchers,policymakers,teachersandstudents

stepupdemandsforagreaterfocusonteachingaboutthefactsof

climatechangeinschools.

AstudylastyearbytheNationalCenterforScienceEducation,a

non-profitgroupofscientistsandteachers,lookingathowstate

publicschoolsacrossthecountryaddressclimatechangein

scienceclasses,gavebarelyhalfofUSstatesagradeB+orhigher.

Amongthe10worstperformersweresomeofthemostpopulous

states,includingTexas,whichwasgiventhelowestgrade(F)and

hasadisproportionateinfluencebecauseitstextbooksarewidely

soldelsewhere.

GlennBranch,thecentre'sdeputydirector,cautionsthatsetting

state-levelsciencestandardsisonlyonelimitedbenchmarkina

countrythatdecentralisesdecisionstolocalschoolboards.Evenif

astateisconsideredahighperformerinitssciencestandards,

"thatdoesnotmeanitwillbetaught",hesays.

Anotherissueisthatwhileclimatechangeiswellintegratedinto

somesubjectsandatsomeages-suchasearthandspace

sciencesinhighschoolsitisnotaswellrepresentedincurriculafor

youngerchildrenandinsubjectsthataremorewidelytaught,such

asbiologyandchemistry.Itisalsolessprominentinmanysocial

studiescourses.

Branchpointsoutthat,evenifagrowingnumberofofficial

guidelinesandtextbooksreflectscientificconsensusonclimate

change,unofficialeducationalmaterialsthatconveymoreslanted

perspectivesarebeingdistributedtoteachers.Theyinclude

materialssponsoredbylibertarianthink-tanksandenergyindustry

associations.

21.Inparagraph1,theweatherinTexasismentionedto_

A.forecastapolicyshiftinTexasschools.

B.stresstheconsequencesofclimatechange.

C.indicatetheatmosphereattheboardmeeting.

D.drawthepublic'sattentiontoenergyshortages.

22.WhatdoesQuinnthinkofHardy?

A.Sheexaggeratestheexistingpanic.

B.Shedeniesthevalueofscientificwork.

C.Sheshowsnoconcernforpre-teens.

D.Sheexpressesself-contradictoryviews.

23.ThestudymentionedinParagraph5_

A.climateeducationisinsufficientatstatepublicschools.

B.policymakershavelittledriveforscienceeducation.

C.Texasisreluctanttorewriteitssciencetextbooks.

D.environmentalteachinginsomestateslackssupervision.

24.AccordingtoBranch,state-levelsciencestandardsintheUS_

A.callforregularrevision.

B.requireurgentapplication.

C.havelimitedinfluence.

D.catertolocalneeds.

25.Itisimpliedinthelastparagraphthatclimatechangeteaching

insomeschools_

A.agreetomajorpublicdemands.

B.reflectsteachers'personalbiases.

C.maymisrepresenttheenergysector.

D.canbeswayedbyexternalforces.

Text2

CommunitiesthroughoutNewEnglandhavebeenattempting

toregulateshort-termrentalssincesiteslikeAirbnbtookoffinthe

201Os.Nowwithrecord-highhomepricesandhistoricallylow

inventory,there'sanincreasedurgencyinsuchregulation,

particularlyamongthosewhoworrythatdeveloperswillcomein

andbuyupswathsofhousingtoflipforafortuneontheshort-term

rentalmarket.

InNewHampshire,wheretherentalvacancyratehasdropped

below1percent,housingadvocatesfearuncheckedshort-term

rentalswillputfurtherpressureonanalreadystrainedmarket.The

StateLegislaturerecentlyvotedagainstabillthatwould'vemadeit

川egalfortownstocreatelegislationrestrictingshort-term

rentals.

“Weareatacrisislevelonthesupplyofrentalhousing,"said

NickTaylor,executivedirectoroftheWorkforceHousingCoalition

oftheGreaterSeacoast.Withoutenoughaffordablehousingin

southernNewHampshiretowns,"employersarehavingahard

timeattractingemployees,andworkersarehavingahardtime

findingaplacetolive,"Taylorsaid.

However,short-termrentalsalsoprovidehousingfortourists,

pointedoutRyanCastle,CEOofalocalassociationofrealter."A

lotofworkersareservicingthetouristindustry,andthetourism

industryisservicedbythosepeoplecominginshortterm,"Castle

said,"andsoit'sacyclicaleffect."

Short-termrentalsthemselvesarenotthecruxoftheissue,said

KerenHorn,anexpertonaffordablehousingpolicy."Ithink

individualsbeingabletorentouttheirsecondhomeisagoodthing.

Ifit'stheirvacationhomeanyway,andit'sjustempty,whycan'tyou

makemoneyoffit?”Hornsaid.Issuesarise,however,when

developersattempttocreatelarge-scaleshort-termrental

facilities-defactohotels-tobypasstaxesandregulations.Hlthink

thequestionis,shouldn'tadeveloperwho'sreallybuildingahotel,

butdisguisingitasnotahotel,betreatedandtaxedandregulated

likeahotel?"Hornsaid.

Attheendof2018,governorCharlieBakerofMassachusetts

signedaElltoreininthosepotentialinvestor-buyers.Thebill

requireseveryrentalhosttoregisterwiththestatemandatesthey

carryinsurance,andopensthepotentialforlocaltaxesontopofa

newstatelevy.Bostontookthingsevenfurther,requiringrentersto

registerwiththecity'sInspectionalServicesDepartment.

Hornsaidsimilarregistrationrequirementscouldbenefit

strugglingcitiesandtowns,but"ifwewanttomakeachangeinthe

housingmarket,themainoneiswehavetobuildalotmore."

26.WhichofthefollowingistrueofNewEngland?

A.Itshousingsupplyisataverylowlevel.

B.Itscommunitiesareinneedoffunding.

C.Itsrentalvacancyrateisgoingupslowly.

D.Itshomepricesareunderstrictcontrol.

27.ThebillmentionedinParagraph2wasintendedto

A.curbshort-termrentalspeculation.

B.ensurethesupplyofcheaphousing.

C.punishillegaldealingsinhousing.

D.allowafreeshort-termrentalmarket.

28.ComparedwithCastle,Taylorismorelikelytosupport

A.furtherinvestmentinlocaltourism.

B.anincreaseinaffordablehousing.

C.strictmanagementofrealestateagents.

D.afavorablepolicyforshort-termworkers.

29.WhatdoesHornemphasizeinParagraph5?

A.Theurgencytoupgradeshort-termrentalfacilities.

B.Theefficientoperationofthelocalhousingmarket.

C.Thenecessitytostopdevelopersfromevadingtaxes.

D.Theproperproceduresforrentingoutsparehouses.

30.Hornholdsthatimposingregistrationrequirementsis

A.anirrationaldecision.

B.anunfeasibleproposal.

C.anunnecessarymeasure.

D.aninadequatesolution.

Text3

31.Theauthormentionstwobooksinparagraphtopresent

A.Anongoingconflict

B.Anintellectualconcept

C.Aprevailingsentiment

D.Aliteraryphenomenon

32.whydidWaterstonesshopsretirePRHbookstotheirrelevant

sections?

A.Tomakethemeasilynoticeable

B.TocomplywithPRH'srequirement

C.TorespondtoPRH'sbusinessmove

D.Toarrangetheminsystematicway

33.whatmessagedoesthespokespersonforWaterstonesseemto

convey?

A.Theircustomersremainloyal

B.Thecreditlimitwillberemoved.

C.Theirstockisunderestimated.

D.Thebookmarketisratherslack

[33]A.Theircustomersremainloyal

34.whatcanbeoneconsequenceofthecurrentdispute?

A.Salesofbooksbymid-listPRHwritersfalloffconsiderably.

B.Lesser-knownPRHwritersbecomethetargetofcriticism

C.Waterstonesstaffhesitatetopromotebig-nameauthor'sbooks.

D.Waterstonesbranchessufferaseverereductioninrevenue.

35.WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestrepresentsLownie's

view?

A.Smallpublishersoughttosticktogether.

B.Bigpublisherswilllosetheirdominance.

C.Thepublishingindustryishavingahardtime.

D.Themergerofpublishersisaworryingtrend.

36.AccordingParagraph1,thecareersofscientistscanbe

determinedby

A.howmanycitationstheirworkscontain.

B.howmanytimestheirpapersarecited.

C.theprestigeofthepeopletheyworkwith.

D.thestatustheyhaveinscientificcircles.

37.Thesupportserviceconsultanciestendto

A.recommendjournalstotheirclients.

B.listcitationpatternsfortheirclients.

C.askauthorstoincludeextracitations.

D.advisecontributorstociteeachother.

38.Thefunctionofthe"milkcow"journalsisto

A.boostcitationcountsforcertainauthors.

B.helpscholarspublisharticlesatlowcost.

C.instructfirst-timecontributorsincitation.

D.increasethereadershipofnewjournals.

39.WhatcanbelearnedaboutScopusfromthelasttwo

paragraphs?

A.Itfosterscompetitionamongcitationproviders.

B.Ithasthecapabilitytoidentifysuspiciouscitations.

C.Ithindersthegrowthof"intemationar'journals.

D.Itisestablishedtopreventcitationmanipulation.

40.Whatshouldanauthordotodealwithcitationmanipulators?

A.Takelegalaction.

B.Demandanapology.

C.Seekprofessionaladvice.

D.Revealtheirmisconduct.

PartB

[A]Thisyearmarksthe150thanniversaryofaseriesof

Yellowstonephotographsbytherenownedlandscape

photographerWilliamHenryJackson.Hecapturedthefirst-ever

shotsoficoniclandmarkssuchastheTetons,OldFaithfulandthe

ColoradoRockies.Jacksonsnappedthemonalate19th-century

expeditionthroughtheYellowstoneBasinthatwasconductedby

theheadoftheU.S.GeologicalandGeographicalSurveyofthe

Territories,FerdinandV.Hayden.Theteamincludeda

meteorologist,azoologist,amineralogist,andanagricultural

statistician.

[B]Twocenturiesago,theideaofpreservingnature,ratherthan

exploitingit,wasanovelonetomanyU.S.settlers.Oneofthe

turningpointsinpublicsupportforlandconservationefforts—and

recognizingthemagnificenceoftheYellowstoneregioninparticular

一cameintheformofvividphotographs.

[C]AsaneffectiveWashingtonoperator,Haydensensedthathe

couldcapitalizeontheexpedition'sstunningvisuals.Heasked

Jacksontoprintoutlargecopiesanddistributedthem,alongwith

reproductionsofMoran'spaintings,toeachmemberofCongress.

“Thevisualization,particularlythosephotographs,reallyhithome

thatthisissomethingthathastobeprotected,"saysMurphy.

[D]Throughoutthetrip,Jacksonjuggledmultiplecamerasand

platesizesusingthecollisionprocessthatinvolvedcoatingthe

plateswithachemicalmixture,exposingthemanddevelopingthe

resultingimageswithaportabledarkrooms.Thecrudetechnique

requirededucatedguessesonexposurestimes,andinvolved

heavy,awkwardequipment-severalmenhadtoassistinits

transportation.Despitethesechallenges,Jacksoncaptureddozens

ofstrikingphotos,rangingfrommajesticimageslikehis

now-famoussnapshotofoldfaithful,tocasualportraitsof

expeditionmembersthatthecamp.Whileveteransofprevious

expeditionshadwrittenatlengthaboutstunningsights,thesevivid

photographswereanotherthingentirely.

[E]Thewell-documentedYellowstonejourneyofficiallybeganin

Ogden,UtahonJune8,1871.Overnearlyfourmonths,dozensof

menmadetheirwayonhorsebackintoMontanaandtraversed

alongtheYellowstoneRiverandaroundYellowstoneLake.Thatfall,

theyconcludedthesurveyinFortBridger,Wyoming.

[F]ThoughNativeAmericans(andlaterminersandfurtrappers)

hadlongrecognizedthearea'sriches,mostAmericansdidnot.

That'swhyHayden'sexpeditionaimedtoproduceafuller

understandingoftheYellowstoneRiverregion,fromitshotsprings

andwaterfallstoitsvarietyoffloraandfauna.Inadditiontothe

entourageofscientists,theteamalsoincludedartists:Painter

ThomasMoranandphotographerWilliamHenryJacksonwere

chargedwithcapturingthisastoundingnaturalbeautyandsharing

itwiththeworld.

[G]TheMlprovedlargelypopularandsailedthroughCongress

withlargemajoritiesinfavor.Inquicksuccession,theSenateand

HousepassedlegislationprotectingYellowstoneinearly1872.

[H]Perhapsmostimportantly,theseimagesprovideddocumentary

evidenceofthepark'ssightsthatlatermadeitswaytogovernment

officials.Weeksaftercompletingtheexpedition,Haydencollected

histeam'sobservationsintoanextensivereportaimedat

convincingsenatorsandrepresentatives,alongwithcolleaguesat

governmentagenciesliketheDepartmentoftheInterior,that

Yellowstoneoughttobepreserved(andthathisdepartment

deservedadditionalfunds).

41A42E43H4445

[41]B

首先排除AEH選項(xiàng)，其次，C、D中出現(xiàn)了Jackson非全名，

所以排除，F(xiàn)中出現(xiàn)Hayden非全名排除，Gthebill表示前

面出現(xiàn)過(guò)，排除，Hperhapsmostimportantly,theseimages

可知前面出現(xiàn)過(guò)images,可排除，答案只能是Bo

【42】F

A中出現(xiàn)Theteamincluded......F中出現(xiàn)Inadditiontothe

entourageofscientists,theteamalso根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系可知,

F緊跟A后，所以答案是F

【43】D

D中出現(xiàn)Throughoutthetrip與E中的The

well-documentedYellowstonejourney同義復(fù)現(xiàn)。以及D

中出現(xiàn)中出現(xiàn)所以答案是

images,Htheseimages0D

【44】C

HeaskedJacksontoprintoutlargecopiesand

distributed......toeachmemberofCongress.講到打印出大

量得復(fù)印品分發(fā)給國(guó)會(huì)，讓國(guó)會(huì)參與。

[45]G

Thebillprovedlargelypopularandsailedthrough

Congresswithlargemajoritiesinfavor.表示保護(hù)最后通過(guò)國(guó)

會(huì)的議案，進(jìn)行立法。CG為捆綁選項(xiàng)。

PartC

【46】AIcanalsobeusedtoidentifythelifestylechoicesof

customersregardingtheirhobbies,favouritecelebrities,

andfashionstoprovideuniquecontentinmarketing

messagesputoutthroughsocialmedia.

考察知識(shí)點(diǎn)：介詞短語(yǔ);非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)

人工智能還可以用來(lái)識(shí)別客戶(hù)的生活方式選擇，包括他們的爰好、

最喜歡的名人和時(shí)尚，從而在社交媒體上發(fā)布的營(yíng)銷(xiāo)信息中提供

獨(dú)特的內(nèi)容。

【47】SomebelievethatAIisnegatively-impactingonthe

marketer'srolebyreducingcreativityandremovingjobs

buttheyareawarethatitisawayofreducingcostsand

creatingnewinformation.

考察知識(shí)點(diǎn)：賓語(yǔ)從句;并列句

一些人認(rèn)為，人工智能通過(guò)削弱創(chuàng)造力和減少工作崗位，對(duì)營(yíng)銷(xiāo)

人員的作用產(chǎn)生了負(fù)面影響，但他們意識(shí)到這是一種降低成本和

創(chuàng)造新信息的方式。

[48]Algorithmsusedtostimulatehumaninteractionsare

creatingmanyoftheseconcerns,especiallyno-oneisquite

surewhattheoutcomesofusingAItointeractwith

customerswillbe.

考察知識(shí)點(diǎn)：過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ);賓語(yǔ)從句

用于刺激人類(lèi)互動(dòng)的算法正在產(chǎn)生許多這樣的擔(dān)憂，尤其是沒(méi)有

人能確定使用人工智能與客戶(hù)互動(dòng)會(huì)帶來(lái)什么樣的結(jié)果。

【49】Ifcustomersarenotwillingtoshowdata,AIwillbe

starvedofessentialinformationandwillnotbeableto

functioneffectivelyoremploymachinelearningtoimprove

itsmarketingcontentandcommunication.

考察知識(shí)點(diǎn)：條件狀語(yǔ)從句

如果客戶(hù)不愿意顯示數(shù)據(jù)，人工智能將缺乏必要的信息，進(jìn)而無(wú)

法有效運(yùn)作，也無(wú)法利用機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)來(lái)改善其營(yíng)銷(xiāo)內(nèi)容和傳播方式。

[50]Thenon-intrusivedeliveryofthemarketingmessages

inawaythatissensitivetotheneedsofthetarget

customerisoneofthecriticalchallengestothedigital

marketer.

考察知識(shí)點(diǎn)：賓語(yǔ)從句

以一種對(duì)目標(biāo)客戶(hù)需求敏感的方式非侵入式地傳遞營(yíng)銷(xiāo)信息是數(shù)

字市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷(xiāo)人員面臨的關(guān)鍵挑戰(zhàn)之一。

PartC

[46]Alcanalsobeusedtoidentifythelifestylechoicesof

customersregardingtheirhobbies,favouritecelebrities,and

fashionstoprovideuniquecontentinmarketingmessagesputout

throughsocialmedia.

[47]SomebelievethatAlisnegatively-impactingonthe

marketer'srolebyreducingcreativityandremovingjobsbutthey

areawarethatitisawayofreducingcostsandcreatingnew

information.

[48]Algorithmsusedtostimulatehumaninteractionsarecreating

manyoftheseconcerns,especiallyno-oneisquitesurewhatthe

outcomesofusingAltointeractwithcustomersw川be.

[49]Ifcustomersarenotwillingtoshowdata,Alwillbestarvedof

essentialinformationandw川notbeabletofunctioneffectivelyor

employmachinelearningtoimproveitsmarketingcontentand

communication.

[50]Thenon-intrusivedeliveryofthemarketingmessagesina

waythatissensitivetotheneedsofthetargetcustomerisoneof

thecriticalchallengestothedigitalmarketer.

SectionIHWriting

PartA

[51]Directions:

WriteanoticetorecruitastudentforProfessorSmith'sresearch

projectoncampussportsactivities.

Specifythedutiesandrequirementsofthejob.

Youshouldwriteyouranswerinabout100wordsontheANSWER

SHEET.

Donotuseyourownnameinthenotice;use“LiMing"instead.(10

points)

參考范文

Notice

June10,2023

AresearchistobeconductedbyProfessorSmith,whichison

campussportsactivities.Weherebyissueanoticetorecruita

studenttoassistthisjob.

Theresponsibilitiesandqualificationsareasfollows.Firstand

foremost,