2021屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解推斷類題型講義含解析

閱讀理解推斷類題型專題講義

一、推理判斷題的要求及命題方向

推理判斷題要求考生在理解原文的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)文章所闡述的事實(shí)結(jié)合上下文線索進(jìn)行

綜合分析，然后進(jìn)行判斷，引申或得出合情合理的結(jié)論。因此，考生不僅要掌握文章的表層

意思還要理解其深層的內(nèi)涵，不僅要掌握已言明的觀點(diǎn)和傾向，還要獲得字里行間的信息。

此題目難度大，涉及面廣，如人物的性格、心理、故事的結(jié)局、寓意、文章的出處、體裁，

作者的傾向、態(tài)度等?？忌鷳?yīng)找準(zhǔn)文中提供的相應(yīng)的文字信息，特別是關(guān)鍵詞語，把握作者

的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度或?qū)懽鞯哪康?，借助上下文的邏輯關(guān)系來判斷，并能領(lǐng)悟文字的弦外之音。也

可以借助常識(shí)或文化背景來判斷。推理題在提問中常用的詞有：infer,imply,suggest,indicate

等。

二、推理判斷題命題的常見方式

1.Wecaninferfromthepassagethattheauthor.

2.Themainpurposeofthesurveyisto.

3.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?

4.Whatwouldtheauthorprobablydiscussinthepassagethatfollows?

5.Theunderlinedsentenceinthesecondparagraphimpliedthat

6.Thepassageisprobablytakenfroma.

7.Thewriter'sattitudetoward...is.

8.Thewriterthoughtthat.

9.Accordingtotheauthor.

10.Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom.

11.Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?

12.Thepassageismostlikelyapartof_.

13.Thenextparagraphwouldmostprobablydealwith

14.Theparagraphprecedingthisonewouldmostlikelydiscuss.

15.Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthepassage?

16.Howisthepassageorganized?

三、推理判斷題的大致分類

1.推斷細(xì)節(jié)隱含意義

2.推斷作者觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度

3.推斷寫作目的、意圖

4.推斷文章出處

5.推斷文脈邏輯關(guān)系及下文

四、技巧點(diǎn)撥

1.在閱讀理解整體語篇的基礎(chǔ)上，掌握文章的真正內(nèi)涵。

2.要吃透文章的字面意思，從字里行間捕捉有用的提示和線索，這是推理的前提和基礎(chǔ)；

3.要對(duì)文字的表面信息進(jìn)行挖掘加工，由表入里，由淺入深，從具體到抽象，從特殊到一

般，通過分析、綜合、判斷等，進(jìn)行深層處理，符合邏輯地推理；

4.要忠實(shí)于原文，以文章提供的事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)。立足已知，推斷未知。

5.注意作者表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞及所舉的例子，推斷出作者的弦外之音。

6.不同的文章可能有不同的寫作目的，但寫作目的通常有以下三種：

(1)toentertainreaders(娛樂讀者，讓人發(fā)笑)常見于故事類的文章。

lomakepeoplelaugh;totellaninterestingexperience

(2)topersuadereaders(說服讀者接受某種觀點(diǎn))常見于廣告類的文章。

tosellaproductoraservice;toattractmorevisitors/readers/audience

(3)toinformreaders(告知讀者某些信息)多見于科普類、新聞報(bào)道類、文化類或社會(huì)類的

文章。

7.文章常見出處：

(1)報(bào)紙：前面會(huì)出現(xiàn)日期、地點(diǎn)或通訊社名稱

(2)廣告：因其格式特殊，容易辨認(rèn)

(3)產(chǎn)品說明：器皿、設(shè)備的使用說明會(huì)有產(chǎn)品名稱或操作方式，而藥品的服用說明會(huì)告知

服用時(shí)間、次數(shù)、藥量等。

五、表達(dá)作者態(tài)度的常用詞

1)objective客觀的2)neutral中立的

3)positive積極的4)negative消極的

5)approval贊成的6)disapproval不贊成的

7)indifferent漠不關(guān)心的8)ironic諷刺的

9)critical批評(píng)的10)optimistic樂觀的

11)pessimistic消極的

【例題精講】

典例1

MynameisAmywholikesyoga,home-decoratingshowsandeatingspoonfulsofpeanut

bufferstraightfromthejar.Ohyeah,andI'maniPhoneaddict.Iwasn'talwaysanaddict.Infact,

formanyyearsItoldmyselfIdidn'twantafancycellphone.However,aboutayearago,Ifound

myselfenviousofallthoseproudiPhoneowners,holdingtheirshinynewphonesandshowing

themofftoalltheirfriends.Eventually1welcomedmynewiPhoneintomylife.Iinstantlyfellin

lovewithit.Ireachedforitinthemorning.Icheckedmye-mailsabout20timesaday.What's

more,tomysurprise,Isuddenlyfoundmyselfwithawholenewcircleoffriends--otheriPhone

owners.

However,IrealizedIhadaproblemwhenonedayIfoundmyselfGoogle-mappingmyway

tomymailbox,whichhappenstoberightoutsidemyfrontdoor.Icouldn'tbelieveIdidn'tseethis

cominginthelastmonth.

OnceIadmittedIhadaproblem,thingsstartedtochange.However,Iquicklyrealizedthat

iPhonesarelikecigarettesandnoteasytoquit.

Whiletakingabustowork.Ireachedintomypursetograbmyphone(tocheckmye-mailfor

onlytheseventhtimethatmorning）.Ifoundherovercomebyfever.ShewassohotthatIdropped

herimmediatelybackintomybagwithbarelyenoughtimetocomprehendthewords“overheating”

and“power?off'thatflasheduponherscreen.When1pickedherupagain,shewasgone.

Iwasinapanic.Icouldn'tcallanyoneforadvice.Icouldn'tGooglewhetherthishad

happenedtoanyfellowiPhoneowners.ThatnightIheadedhomewithanxiety.Butafteracouple

ofhourswithoutanydisturbsfromphonecallsortexts.Ifeltcalmer.AfterafewmorehoursIfelt

likeawholenewwoman.Thenextmorning,Ireadthenewsfromthesimplicityofthenewspaper,

insteadoffrommyiPhone.Ievennoticedthecherryblossoms（櫻花）blooming.

ButIstillmademywaytotheAppleStorelaterthatafternoonafteradmittingI'dneeda

phonesoonerorlater.

Halfanhourlater,IfoundmyselfyetagaintheproudownerofanewiPhone.WhenIturned

iton,twodaysworthofmissedtextsfloodedin.Idecidedtoputitintomypurseandenjoythe

ridehome.

Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat.

A.theauthor'sfirstiPhonebrokedownbecauseshehadusedittoomuch

B.onceyouareaddictedtosomething,ifllbeimpossibleforyoutoquitit

C.aniPhoneisabarriertoyouifyouwanttoenjoyyourlife

D.theauthorboughtanotheriPhonebecauseshecouldaffordit

答案：A

解析：根據(jù)文章第四段講的是手機(jī)由于用得比較頻繁，發(fā)熱壞了。故應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。

典例2

WeseefewcustomersinLea'sAntiquarianBooksellers,lessthanhalf-dozenadayon

average.Thereisaflurry（緊張）ofactivityinSeptemberwhenthestudentscometobuycopiesof

thenewyear'ssettexts;anotherinMaywhentheybringthembackaftertheexams.Atother

timesoftheyearwecangodayswithoutseeingaclient.Morecommonlyvisitorstotheshopare

peoplewho,havingheardaboutusfromafriendofafriend,andfindingthemselvesnear

Cambridge,havemadearoundaboutway.Theyhaveexpectationontheirfacesastheystepinto

theshop,andnotinfrequentlyapologizefordisturbingus.Theyarenicepeople,asquietandas

friendlyasthebooksthemselves.ButmostlyitisjustFather,meandthebooks.

Howdotheymakeendsmeet?Youmightthink,ifyousawhowfewcustomerscomeandgo.

Butyousee,theshopis,infinancialterms,justasideline.Theproperbusinesstakesplace

elsewhere.Wemakeourlivingonthebasisofperhapshalfadozendealsayear.Thisishowit

works：Fatherknowsalltheworld'sgreatcollectors,andheknowstheworld'sgreatcollections.If

youweretowatchhimattheauctions（拍賣會(huì)）orbookfairsthatheattendsfrequently,youwould

noticehowoftenheisapproachedbyquietlyspoken,quietlydressedindividuals,whodrawhim

asideforaquietword.Theireyesareanythingbutquiet.Doesheknowof...theyaskhim,and

Hasheeverheardwhether...Xbookwillbementioned.Fatheranswersvaguely.Itdoesn'tdoto

builduphope.Thesethingsusuallyleadnowhere.Butontheotherhand.ifheweretohear

anything...Andifhedoesn'talreadyhaveit,hemakesanoteoftheperson'saddressinalittle

greennotebook.Thennothinghappensforquitesometime.Butlater-afewmonthsormany

months,thereisnoknowing-atanotherauctionorbookfair,seeingacertainotherperson,hewill

inquire,veryhesitantly,whether...andagainthebookismentioned.Moreoftenthannot,itends

there.Butsometimes,followingtheconversations,theremaybeanexchangeofletters.Father

spendsagreatdealoftimecomposingletters.InFrench,German,Italian,evenoccasionallyLatin.

Ninetimesoutoftentheanswerisapolitetwo-linerefusal.Butsometimes-halfadozentimesa

year-thereplyisthebeginningofajourney.AjourneyinwhichFathercollectsabookhere,and

deliversitthere.Heisrarelygoneformorethanforty,eighthours.Sixtimesayear.Thisisour

livelihood.

Theshopitselfmakesnexttonomoney.Itisaplacetowriteandreceiveletters.Aplaceto

whileawaythehourswaitingforthenextinternationalbookfair.Idon'tpretendrealityisthesame

foreveryone-theshopistheveryheartoftheaffair.Itisastoreofbooks,aplaceofsafetyforall

thevolumes,oncesolovinglywritten,matatpresentnooneseemstowant.

1.Thefactthatcustomersmakeanapologyaftersteppingintotheshopindicatesthat.

A.theyhaveputthebooksellerstosometrouble

B.theyaresuchniceandfriendlypeople

C.thebookshophasfewcustomersandisveryquiet

D.theycometothebookshopwithnointentionofbuyingbooks

2.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A.Thebookshophasbeenrunninginthered.

B.Thebookshopisagoodplacefortheauthortokilltime.

C.Theauthorandhisfatherhaveadeepaffectionforthebookshop.

D.Theauthor'sfatherpossessesamplecollectionsthatothersneed.

1.答案：C

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段作者一開始WeseefewcustomersinLea'sAntiquarian

Booksellers,lessthanhalf-dozenadayonaverage.和后面的Theyhaveexpectationontheir

facesastheystepintotheshop,andnotinfrequentlyapologizefordisturbingus.可知作者想

要表達(dá)去書店的人非常少。故選C項(xiàng)。

2.答案：C

解析：推理判斷題。本文講的是作者的父親經(jīng)營(yíng)一家書店，但這個(gè)書店不是用來謀利的。

從而說明了作者的父親對(duì)這個(gè)書店的感情非常深。故選C項(xiàng)。

典例3

FourpeopleinEnglandbackin1953,staredatPhoto51,Itwasn'tmuch-apictureshowing

ablackX.ButthreeofthesepeoplewontheNobelPrizeforfiguringoutwhatthephotoreally

showed-theshapeofDNAThediscoverybroughtfameandfortunetoscientistsJamesWatson,

FrancisCrick,andMauriceWilkins.Thefourth,theonewhoactuallymadethepicture,wasleft

out.

HernamewasRosalindFranklin.^^Sheshouldhavebeenupthere,95sayshistorian（歷史學(xué)家）

MaryBowden."Ifherphotoshadn'tbeenthere,theotherscouldn'thavecomeupwiththe

structure.^^OnereasonFranklinwasmissingwasthatshehaddiedofcancerfouryearsbeforethe

Nobeldecision.Butnowscholars（學(xué)者）doubtthatFranklinwasnotonlyrobbedofherlifeby

diseasebutrobbedofcreditbyhercompetitors

AtCambridgeUniversityinthe1950s,WatsonandClicktriedtomakemodelsbycuttingup

shapesofDNA'spartsandthenputtingthemtogether.Inthemeantime,atKing'sCollegein

London,FranklinandWilkinsshoneX-raysatthemolecule（分子）.Theraysproducedpatterns

reflectiontheshape.

ButWilkinsandFranklin'srelationshipwasalotrockierthanthecelebratedteamworkof

WatsonandCrick,WilkinsthoughtFranklinwashiredtobehisassistant.Butthecollegeactually

employedhertotakeovertheDNAproject.

WhatshedidwasproduceX-raypicturesthattoldWatsonandCrickthatoneoftheirearly

modelswasinsideout.Andshewasnotshyaboutsayingso.ThatangeredWatson,whoattacked

herinreturn,"Mereinspectionsuggestedthatshewouldnoteasilybend.Clearlyshehadtotogo

orbeputinherplace.”

AsFranklin'scompetitors,Wilkins,WatsonandCrickhadmuchtogainbycuttingherout

ofthelittlegroupofresearchers,sayshistorianPninaAbir-Am.In1962attheNobelPrize

awardingceremony,Wilkinsthanked13colleaguesbynamebeforehementionedFranklin,

Watsonwrotehisbooklaughingather.Crickwrotein1974that“Franklinwasonlytwosteps

awayfromthesolution.^^

No,Franklinwasthesolution."Shecontributedmorethananyotherplayertosolvingthe

structureofDNA.Shemustbeconsideredaco-discoverer,^^Abir-Amsays.Thiswasbackedup

byAaronKlug,whoworkedwithFranklinandlaterwonaNobelPrizehimself.Oncedescribedas

the"DarkLadyofDNA",Franklinisfinallycomingintothelight.

8.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.ThedisagreementsamongDNAresearchers.B.TheunfairtreatmentofFranklin.

C.TheprocessofdiscoveringDNA.D.Theracebetweentwoteamsofscientists.

9.WatsonwasangrywithFranklinbecauseshe.

A.tooktheleadinthecompetitionB.keptherresultsfromhim

C.provedsomeofhisfindingswrongD.sharedherdatawithotherscientists

10.WhyisFranklindescribedas“DarkLadyofDNA”？

A.Shedevelopedpicturesindarklabs.B.ShediscoveredtheblackX-theshapeofDNA.

C.Hernamewasforgottenafterherdeath.D.Hercontributionwasunknowntothepublic.

11.Whatisthewriter'sattitudetowardWilkins,WatsonandCrick?

A.Disapproving.B.Respectful.C.Admiring.D.Doubtful.

【答案】8.B9.C10.DILA

【解析】本文是記敘文。講述了主人公Franklin對(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)DNA的貢獻(xiàn)，但卻始終不為人所

知的一系列事情。

【8題詳解】主旨大意題。本文講述了主人公Franklin的一系列事情，第一自然段作者提

到"Thefourth,theonewhoactuallymadethepicture,wasleftout.（第四個(gè)，是真正制作這

幅圖的人，被漏掉了）最后一段也提到"Shecontributedmorethananyotherplayerto

solvingthestructureofDNA.Shemustbeconsideredaco-discoverer（她比任何其他玩家對(duì)

解決DNA結(jié)構(gòu)的貢獻(xiàn)都更大，她必須被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)共同發(fā)現(xiàn)者）”由此看出命運(yùn)對(duì)她的不

公，因此推斷本文主要講述富蘭克林的不公平待遇，故選B。

[9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段的“WhatshedidwasproduceX-raypicturesthat

toldWatsonandCrickthatoneoftheirearlymodelswasinsideout.Andshewasnotshy

aboutsayingso.ThatangeredWatson（她所做的是制作X光照片，告訴沃森和克里克，他

們的早期模特之一是顛倒的。她羞于說出這些，那讓W(xué)atson氣憤）”可知，Watson生

Franklin的氣是因?yàn)樗C明他的發(fā)現(xiàn)中的一些是錯(cuò)誤的。故選Co

【10題詳解】推理判斷題。從文中看出作者多次提及Franklin對(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)DNA的貢獻(xiàn)，但卻

始終不為人所知，由此理解dark,所以稱為“DarkLadyofDNA”，故選D。

[11題詳解】推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第二段內(nèi)容“AsFranklin^competitors,Wilkins,Watson

andCrickhadmuchtogainbycuttingheroutofthelittlegroupofresearchers,says

historianPninaAbir-Am.In1962attheNobelPrizeawardingceremony,Wilkinsthanked

13colleaguesbynamebeforehementionedFranklin,Watsonwrotehisbooklaughingathen

Crickwrotein1974that“Franklinwasonlytwostepsawayfromthesolution.”（歷史學(xué)家

PninaAbkAm說，作為富蘭克林的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手，威爾金斯、沃森和克里克通過將她排除在少

數(shù)研究人員之外，有很多收獲。在1962年的諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)?lì)C獎(jiǎng)典禮上，威爾金斯在提到富蘭

克林之前，感謝了13位同事，沃森寫書嘲笑她。克里克在1974年寫道：“富蘭克林離解決

方案只有兩步之遙）”可推出作者對(duì)Wilkins,Watson和Crick是不贊成，故選A。

【鞏固練習(xí)】

A

OnethinginwhichIthinkItaketoomuchpride,attimes,ismyacademicperformance.In

thepast,Imanagedtogetgradesonexamsthatwereunbelievable,eventomyself,fortheamount

ofstudyingIhaddone.TheexammayhavejusthappenedtoaskthequestionstowhichIknew

theanswers,eventhoughthereweremanypossiblequestionsthatwouldhavestumpedme.

I'vealwaysdonewellinmathematics,butafewtimes,Ihadtostepbackandtakeasecond

lookathowmuchprideIhadinmyability.Uponreceivingthescoreformysecondexamin

MATH170,Iwasratherdisturbed.Myscorewas79%.Ihadplannedtousemymathcoursesto

balancethegradesImightgetinmyEnglishandwritingcourses,sothatscorewasacceptable.It

gotworsestill.InStatisticsandCalculus,Ireceivedfailinggradesonhomeworkassignments.

EverytimeIgotthesebadgrades,Ifeltthesame.IstartedtothinkthatmaybeIreallycouldn'tdo

thesethings.Aftergivinganhonesteffort,however,Ididbetter.

ThethinginwhichIhaven'tenoughprideismyworthasapersonwithwhompeopleliketo

associate.IgiveupopportunitiestosocializebecauseIdon'tthinkanyonewillwanttotalktome.

Becauseofthistraitofmine,Ihaveveryfewfriends.Perhapsspendingthemajorityofmytime

aloneisn'tbad;itiswhatI'musedto,butIbetthatbylivingalifeofpartialseclusion,Imissout

oninterestingandamusinglifeexperiencesthatcouldbebeneficial.

Ihaveillustratedhowtheextremesofpridecanbeharmful.Inmycase,toomuchpridein

academicabilitycanleadtofailinggrades,andnotenoughprideinoneselfasasocialindividual

canleadtoalonelierlife.Amoderateamountofprideleadstoaclearviewoftheagendasoflife,

allowingonetomakegooddecisionsregardingthese.

12.Whydidtheauthorgetgoodgradesinthepast?

A.Becauseofhardwork.B.Becauseofmuchpride.

C.Becauseofgoodluck.D.Becauseofhighintelligence.

13.Howdidtheauthorfeelafterexamfailures?

A.Alittleashamed.B.Lessconfident.

C.Lessdetermined.D.Alittlegrateful.

14.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetospendingmostofhis/hertimealone?

A.Carefree.B.Tolerant.C.Regretful.D.Positive.

15.Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Avoidingbeingtooproud.B.Changingthepoorcharacter.

C.Correctingthebadbehaviour.D.Balancingthepridedegree.

【答案】12.C13.B14.C15.D

【解析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者在文中講述了自己的經(jīng)歷，過于驕傲導(dǎo)致學(xué)術(shù)成績(jī)

不及格，對(duì)社交個(gè)體不夠自豪導(dǎo)致了更孤獨(dú)的生活，提出擁有適度的驕傲。

【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中Theexammayhavejusthappenedtoaskthe

questionstowhichIknewtheanswers,eventhoughthereweremanypossiblequestionsthat

wouldhavestumpedme.考試可能只是碰巧地問了一些我知道答案的問題，即使有很多可能

會(huì)難倒我的問題?？芍?yàn)檫\(yùn)氣好作者在過去取得了好成績(jī)。故選C項(xiàng)。

[13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Uponreceivingthescoreformysecondexamin

MATH170,Iwasratherdisturbed.當(dāng)我收到MATH170第二次考試的成績(jī)時(shí)，我很不安。

EverytimeIgotthesebadgrades,Ifeltthesame.IstartedtothinkthatmaybeIreally

couldn9tdothesethings.每次我得到這些糟糕的成績(jī)，我都有同樣的感覺。我開始想，也許

我真的做不了這些事?？芍荚囀『笞髡呷狈ψ孕?。故選B項(xiàng)。

【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中Perhapsspendingthemajorityofmytimealone

isn'tbad;itiswhatI'musedto,butIbetthatbylivingalifeofpartialseclusion,Imissout

oninterestingandamusinglifeexperiencesthatcouldbebeneficial.也許大部分時(shí)間獨(dú)處并

不糟糕；這是我所習(xí)慣的，但我敢打賭，由于過著部分隱居的生活，我錯(cuò)過了可能有益的

有趣的生活經(jīng)歷?？芍?，作者對(duì)大部分時(shí)間獨(dú)處持遺憾的態(tài)度。故選C項(xiàng)。

【15題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段中Ihaveillustratedhowtheextremesofpridecanbeharmful.

我已經(jīng)說明了極端的驕傲是如何有害的。Amoderateamountofprideleadstoaclearviewof

theagendasoflife,allowingonetomakegooddecisionsregardingthese,適度的驕傲?xí)屇?/p>

對(duì)生活的日程有一個(gè)清晰的認(rèn)識(shí)，允許你對(duì)這些事情做出正確的決定?？芍髡咴谖闹?/p>

講述了自己的經(jīng)歷，過于驕傲?xí)?dǎo)致學(xué)術(shù)成績(jī)不及格，對(duì)社交個(gè)體不夠自豪導(dǎo)致了更孤獨(dú)

的生活，提出擁有適度的驕傲，因此本文的最佳標(biāo)題是選項(xiàng)D“平衡驕傲的程度九故選D

項(xiàng)。

Whenarunningeventislongerthan26.2miles,itiscalledanultramarathon.Therearetwo

kindsofultramarathons.Inthefirstkindofultramarathon,runnershavetocoveraspecific

distance——50miles,forexample.Inthesecondkindofultramarathon,runnershavealimited

amountoftime,suchas24hours,tocoverasmuchdistanceastheycan.Someultramarathonsare

runasloopsaroundatrackorcourse.Othersarerunontrailsthroughforests,deserts,or

mountains.Manyultramarathonsthatarerunontrailsincludenaturalobstaclesthatarunnerwill

havetoovercome,suchasrockypathsorbadweather.Ultramarathonsarerunallovertheworld,

evenonAntarctica.ThemostfamousraceacrossAntarcticaiscalledTheLastDesertRace.

Runnerspayover$14,000tocompeteinthisrace.Besides,theymustalsobuyspecialequipment

toprotectthemselvesagainsttheextremecold.

Peoplewhowanttotraintoruninanultramarathonshouldfirstgainexperiencerunning

regularmarathons.Onceyouhavecompletedafewmarathons,youcanaddmoreandmore

distanceeverytimeyourun.

Besidespracticing,thereareafewotherthingsyoucandotohelpyoupreparetorunan

ultramarathon.First,pickalocationthatisclosetohome,whichissaferbecauseyouwillbemore

familiarwiththearea.Next,makesuretobringsnacks,sunscreen,andextrashoes.Youshould

alsoremembertodrinkeightouncesofwaterorasportsdrinkevery15to20minutes.Yourpace

isalsoveryimportant.Whenyouarerunninganultramarathon,youshouldstartrunningmore

slowlythanyoudowhenyourunaregularmarathon.

Finally,manypeoplewhorunultramarathonssaythatitiseasierandmorefuntotrainwith

friendsthanitistotrainalone.Soifyouareinterestedinrunninganullramarathon,youshould

alsotrytogetoneofyourfriendsinterestedinittoo.

4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthefirstparagraph?

A.Toprovidebasicinformationaboutultramarathons.

B.Tohelppeopletraintorunanultramarathon.

C.Tocompareultramarathonstoregularmarathons.

D.Tosharehisorherpersonalexperiencewithultramarathons.

5.WhatmakesTheLastDesertRacesodifficulttocompetein?

I.ItisveryexpensivetotraveltoAntarctica.

II.TheweatherinAntarcticaisverycold.

III.Itismuchlongerthanotherultramarathons.

A.Ionly.B.IandIIonly.C.IIandIIIonly.D.I,II,andIII.

6.Whyisitbettertotrainforanultramarathonwithfriends?

A.Becauseitissafertorunultramarathonwithfriends.

B.BecauseyoucansplitthecostofatriptoAntarcticawithafriend.

C.Becauseyoutypicallytrainharderinthepresenceofothers.

D.Becausefriendsmaketrainingmoreenjoyable.

7.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?

A.Adiary.B.Anovel.C.Amagazine.D.Aguidebook.

【答案】4.A5.B6.D7.C

【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要給讀者介紹了關(guān)于超級(jí)馬拉松的基本信息和訓(xùn)練方法

等。

[4題詳解]推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中Whenarunningeventislongerthan26.2miles,itis

calledanuitramarathon.Therearetwokindsofultramarathons.Inthefirstkindof

ultramarathon,runnershavetocoveraspecificdistance_50miles,forexample.Inthe

secondkindofultramarathon,runnershavealimitedamountoftime,suchas24hours,to

coverasmuchdistanceastheycan.當(dāng)一個(gè)賽跑項(xiàng)目的長(zhǎng)度超過26.2英里時(shí),它被稱為超級(jí)

馬拉松。超級(jí)馬拉松有兩種。在第一種超級(jí)馬拉松比賽中，參賽者必須跑完特定的距離——

比如50英里。在第二種超級(jí)馬拉松中，跑步者的時(shí)間是有限的，比如24小時(shí)，他們可以

跑盡可能多的距離。可知，第一段的主要目的是提供有關(guān)超級(jí)馬拉松的基本信息。故選A

項(xiàng)。

[5題詳解騰8節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中ThemostfamousraceacrossAntarcticaiscalledThe

LastDesertRace.Runnerspayover$14,000tocompeteinthisrace.Besides,theymustalso

buyspecialequipmenttoprotectthemselvesagainsttheextremecold.最著名的橫穿南極洲

的比賽被稱為“最后的沙漠比賽九參加這次比賽的選手要支付超過14,000美元。此外，他

們還必須購(gòu)買特殊的設(shè)備來保護(hù)自己不受極端寒冷的影響?？芍?，去南極洲旅行昂貴的費(fèi)

用和南極洲寒冷的天氣使得，，最后的沙漠比賽”很艱難。故選B項(xiàng)。

(6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中Finally,manypeoplewhorunultramarathonssay

thatitiseasierandmorefuntotrainwithfriendsthanitistotrainalone.最后，許多跑超級(jí)

馬拉松的人說，和朋友一起訓(xùn)練比一個(gè)人訓(xùn)練更容易也更有趣。可知，和朋友一起訓(xùn)練超

級(jí)馬拉松會(huì)更好，因?yàn)橛辛伺笥?，?xùn)練就更有趣了。故選D項(xiàng)。

[7題詳解]推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中Whenarunningeventislongerthan26.2miles,itis

calledanuitramarathon.Therearetwokindsofultramarathons.當(dāng)一個(gè)賽跑項(xiàng)目的長(zhǎng)度超過

26.2英里時(shí)，它被稱為超級(jí)馬拉松。超級(jí)馬拉松有兩種。第二段中Peoplewhowanttotrain

toruninanultraniarathonshouldfirstgainexperiencerunningregularmarathons.想要參

加超級(jí)馬拉松的人首先應(yīng)該獲得跑馬拉松的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。以及第三段中Besidespracticing,there

areafewotherthingsyoucandotohelpyoupreparetorunanultramarathon.除了練習(xí)，

你還可以做一些其他的事情來幫助你為跑超級(jí)馬拉松做準(zhǔn)備。可知，本文主要是介紹了關(guān)

于超級(jí)馬拉松的基本信息和訓(xùn)練方法等給讀者，因此這篇文章最有可能出自一本雜志上。

故選C項(xiàng)。

C

PaswanandhisteendaughterJyotiKumarirecentlycompletedthe750-milejourneyfrom

theirformerapartmentontheoutskirtsofNewDehliallthewaytotheirhomevillage.What's

remarkableisthattheyrodetheentiredistanceonabicycletheypurchasedwiththeirlast$20,

withJyotipedaling（"卻蹬）asherfatherrodeontheseatwithhisheavybag.

Thestoryoftheirdeterminationhasinspiredmillionsofmigrantworkersacrossthecountry,

wherethenovelcoronaviruslockdownshasresultedinsevereworkshortages.Manyofthese

laborershaveneededtotakesimilarjourneysfrommajorcitiesbacktotheirhomevillageswhere

theycanbesupportedbytheirfamily-butfinancialproblemshaveleftmanyofthemstranded（使

擱淺）andwonderingwhat'snext.

ThingshadnotbeengoingwellforPaswan,evenbeforethepandemic（大流行病）.InJanuary,

hewasinvolvedinatrafficaccidentwhileworkingasarickshawdriver.Hisdaughter,whohad

droppedoutofschoolayearearlierbecauseofthefamily'sfinancialtroubles,decidedtomakethe

triptoNewDehlitocareforherinjuredfather.WhenthelockdownhitandPaswanwasunableto

earnaliving,theirlandlordcutofftheirelectricityandthreatenedtokickthemoutoftheir

apartment.ItwasthenthatJyotisuggestedthattheyheadhometotheirvillageinBihar.

Jyotihadcycledalotintheirvilage,andtheyhadjustenoughmoneytopurchaseabicycle.

Sheinsistedthatshewouldgetherdadhomesafely.

Thatbeingsaid,itwasnotabewitchingjourneyforJyotiandPaswan-theyoftenfound

themselveswithoutenoughtoeat;theysleptatgasstations,andoftenreliedonthegenerosityof

strangers.Thepairtravelednearly100milesperday.Onborrowedcellphones,Jyotiwould

reassureherworriedmother:nDon*tworry,I'llgetPapahomegood.^^

Truetoherword,Jyotiandherfathermadeithome.Additionally,sincetheIndianmediahas

dubbed（把..稱為）her“Jyotithelionheartedn,theteenagegirlhasbeencontactedbyOnkar

Singh,thechairmanoftheCyclingFederationofIndia,urginghertotryoutforthenationalteam.

4.WhatcausedPaswanandhisdaughtertodecidetogohome?

A.Theworseningsituation.B.Theterribletrafficaccident.

C.Theexpectationfromfamily.D.Thedesiretotravelbybicycle.

5.Whatcanweinferfromthethirdparagraph?

A.PaswanandJyotiwouldcontinuetopaythelandlord.

B.PaswanandJyotilivedagoodlifebeforethepandemic.

C.Paswanfailedtoearnalivingduetothetrafficaccident.

D.PaswanandJyotihadnochoicebuttoleaveNewDehli.

6.WhichofthefollowingcanexplaintheunderlinedwordinParagaph5?

A.Tough.B.Smooth.C.Unforgettable.D.Meaningful.

7.WhatmightJyotidoaftershegotherdadhome?

A.ShemightgobacktoNewDehlitoearnaliving.

B.Shemightcheckifshehasthepotentialforcycling.

C.ShemightinviteOnkarSinghtobeherprivatecoach.

D.Shemightcomplaintothemediaaboutthenewname.

【答案】4.A5.D6.B7.B

【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Paswan和他的女兒Jyoti騎行了750英里回家

的故事，他們的事跡激勵(lì)了很多人。

[4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“WhenthelockdownhitandPaswanwasunable

toearnaliving,theirlandlordcutofftheirelectricityandthreatenedtokickthemoutof

theirapartment.ItwasthenthatJyotisuggestedthattheyheadhometotheirvillagein

Bihar.”（當(dāng)封鎖發(fā)生時(shí)，帕斯萬無法維持生計(jì)，他們的房東切斷了他們的電，并威脅要把

他們趕出公寓。就在那時(shí)，喬蒂建議他們回到比哈爾邦的老家去。）可知，房東讓他們離開

的威脅讓他們處于更加艱難的處境，使他們決定回家。故選A。

[5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“WhenthelockdownhitandPaswanwasunable

toearnaliving,theirlandlordcutofftheirelectricityandthreatenedtokickthemoutof

theirapartment.ItwasthenthatJyotisuggestedthattheyheadhometotheirvillagein

Bihar"（當(dāng)封鎖發(fā)生時(shí)，帕斯萬無法維持生計(jì)