“差評(píng)”對(duì)男女的影響有何不同

名師精講外刊“差評(píng)”對(duì)男女的影響有何不同？Hownegativefeedbackimpactswomenandmendifferently名師精講外刊在職場上遇到別人的負(fù)面評(píng)價(jià)時(shí)，你會(huì)下意識(shí)地先反思自己？還是會(huì)先反駁？有研究顯示，在對(duì)待外界“差評(píng)”時(shí)，男性會(huì)表現(xiàn)得比女性更有自信。這樣的“自信”是一件好事還是壞事？一起來看今天的精讀文章。課前問題1.“自視甚高”用英文可以怎么表達(dá)？2.“l(fā)ose”和“l(fā)oseout”有什么區(qū)別？導(dǎo)讀名師精講外刊Hownegativefeedbackimpactswomenandmendifferently名師精講外刊Awhileback,Iwastalkingaboutanewopportunityatmycurrentjobwithafriendoverdinner.Ononehand,IfeltconfidentIwouldbegreatatitifgiventhechance.Ontheotherhand,iftheyrejectedme,IwasreadyandwillingtointerpretthatasironcladproofthatIwasterrible.【基礎(chǔ)解析】ironcladadj.無法更改的，鐵定的【釋】verycertainandunlikelytobechanged【例】anironcladguarantee/rule/fact絕對(duì)的保證/鐵定的規(guī)矩/鐵的事實(shí)【拓展延伸】clad/kl?d/adj.穿……衣服的，被……覆蓋的；被……籠罩的【例1】She'scladinherpajamas.她穿著睡衣?！纠?】Themountainiscladinthemist.山周圍霧氣繚繞。精講試聽結(jié)束"Imean,IthinkI'mgreat,"Iexplainedfiercely."Andiftheydon'tthinkso"-hereIfaltered-"maybethey'reright!"【基礎(chǔ)解析】falterv.（因不自信）畏縮不前，開始出錯(cuò)；猶疑【釋】tolosestrengthorpurposeandstop,oralmoststop【例】Nigel'svoicefalteredandhestoppedspeaking.奈杰爾的聲音顫抖了，他沒再繼續(xù)說下去。Ididn'tknowitatthetime,butIwasmoreorlessplayingoutaresearch-backedphenomenon:Thatwomenaremorelikelythanmentointernalizenegativefeedback.【基礎(chǔ)解析】playout（使）（戲劇性的事件）逐漸發(fā)生；（使）展開【釋】Ifadramaticeventisplayedout,itgraduallytakesplace.【例】Herunionreformswereplayedoutagainstabackgroundofrisingunemployment.她對(duì)工會(huì)的改革是在失業(yè)率不斷上升的背景下展開的。Ididn'tknowitatthetime,butIwasmoreorlessplayingoutaresearch-backedphenomenon:Thatwomenaremorelikelythanmentointernalizenegativefeedback.【基礎(chǔ)解析】internalizev.使（信仰、價(jià)值觀等）內(nèi)在化；吸收【釋】Ifyouinternalizesomethingsuchasabelieforasetofvalues,youmakeitbecomepartofyourattitudeorwayofthinking.【例】Overtime,sheinternalizedherparents'attitudes.隨著時(shí)間的流逝，她認(rèn)同了父母的看法并將之融為自我意識(shí)的一部分。Otherpeople'snegativeopinionscanhaveanoutsizeeffectonourself-image,deterringusfrompursuinggoalsandnewopportunities.【基礎(chǔ)解析】outsizeadj.（尤指衣服）超過標(biāo)準(zhǔn)尺寸的，特大號(hào)的【釋】(especiallyofclothing)muchlargerthanusual【例】Theyspecializeinoutsizeclothes.他們專營特大尺碼服裝。Hownegativefeedbackaffectsself-confidenceWhilesomeresearchsuggeststhatwomenchronicallyunderestimatetheirabilities,otherstudieshavefoundthatit'snotuncommonforbothmenandwomentobeoverlyoptimisticabouttheirperformancebeforetheygetanoutsideview.A2021studypostedonthewebsiteoftheNationalBureauofEconomicResearchfoundthatbothmenandwomenoverestimatedhowwellthey'dperformonverbalandmathtests.Butafterreceivingthenewsthatthey’dgottenlowerscoresthananotherrandomly-selectedparticipant,womenweremorecircumspectthanmenabouttheirabilitiesandlesswillingtocompetewhilemenadjustedtheirbeliefsbackmorepositively.【基礎(chǔ)解析】circumspectadj.小心的；謹(jǐn)慎的；審慎的【釋】Ifyouarecircumspect,youarecautiousinwhatyoudoandsayanddonottakerisks.【例】Officialswerecircumspectaboutwhatthetalkshadachieved.官員們對(duì)談判所取得的成果持謹(jǐn)慎態(tài)度。A2021studypostedonthewebsiteoftheNationalBureauofEconomicResearchfoundthatbothmenandwomenoverestimatedhowwellthey'dperformonverbalandmathtests.Butafterreceivingthenewsthatthey’dgottenlowerscoresthananotherrandomly-selectedparticipant,womenweremorecircumspectthanmenabouttheirabilitiesandlesswillingtocompetewhilemenadjustedtheirbeliefsbackmorepositively.【長難句分析】Butafterreceivingthenews(時(shí)間狀語)thatthey'dgottenlowerscoresthananotherrandomly-selectedparticipant(同位語從句，解釋news),womenweremorecircumspectthanmenabouttheirabilitiesandlesswillingtocompete(主句)whilemenadjustedtheirbeliefsbackmorepositively(while引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句).TheprosandconsofoverconfidenceThisraisesaninterestingquestion:Isapersonbetteroffsustaininganinflatedself-perception,orholdingaself-imagethat'smoreinlinewithreality?【基礎(chǔ)解析】inlinewith與……一致；符合【例】Wearegoingtocreateanenvironmentinlinewithinternationalstandards.我們會(huì)創(chuàng)造與國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一致的投資環(huán)境。It'struethatpeoplewhoprojectconfidencetendtobeseenasmorecompetentandmoreadmirable.Inorganizations,peopleareveryeasilyswayedbyothers'confidenceevenwhenthatconfidenceisunjustified.Thatmeansmenmaywellhavealegupintheircareersifnegativefeedbacktendstobouncerightoffofthem.【基礎(chǔ)解析】projectv.（使）呈現(xiàn)；（使）表現(xiàn)；（使）展現(xiàn)【釋】Ifyouprojectsomeoneorsomethinginaparticularway,youtrytomakepeopleseetheminthatway.Ifyouprojectaparticularfeelingorquality,youshowitinyourbehaviour.【例】Bradleyprojectsanaturalwarmthandsincerity.布拉德利表現(xiàn)出一種自然的熱情和真誠。It'struethatpeoplewhoprojectconfidencetendtobeseenasmorecompetentandmoreadmirable.Inorganizations,peopleareveryeasilyswayedbyothers'confidenceevenwhenthatconfidenceisunjustified.Thatmeansmenmaywellhavealegupintheircareersifnegativefeedbacktendstobouncerightoffofthem.【基礎(chǔ)解析】swayv.影響；左右【釋】Ifyouareswayedbysomeoneorsomething,youareinfluencedbythem.【例】Don'teverbeswayedbyfashion.永遠(yuǎn)不要受潮流的影響。It'struethatpeoplewhoprojectconfidencetendtobeseenasmorecompetentandmoreadmirable.Inorganizations,peopleareveryeasilyswayedbyothers'confidenceevenwhenthatconfidenceisunjustified.Thatmeansmenmaywellhavealegupintheircareersifnegativefeedbacktendstobouncerightoffofthem.【基礎(chǔ)解析】havealegup【釋】tohaveanadvantageoverothers【例】Thecompanyhasaleguponthecompetitionthankstotherecentpublicity.由于近期的宣傳，公司在競爭中領(lǐng)先一籌。It'struethatpeoplewhoprojectconfidencetendtobeseenasmorecompetentandmoreadmirable.Inorganizations,peopleareveryeasilyswayedbyothers'confidenceevenwhenthatconfidenceisunjustified.Thatmeansmenmaywellhavealegupintheircareersifnegativefeedbacktendstobouncerightoffofthem.【基礎(chǔ)解析】bounceoff（使）（聲或光）反射【釋】Ifsoundorlightbouncesoffasurfaceorisbouncedoffit,itreachesthesurfaceandisreflectedback.【例】Ifyoubounceabasketballoffofabackboard,itbouncesback.籃球從籃板上彈起時(shí)，它會(huì)反彈回來。Butthereareadvantagestocheckingourconfidence,too.PsychologistTomi-AnnRobertswroteinamuch-cited1991articlethatwomentypicallyseefeedbackas"opportunitiestogaininformationabouttheirabilities,"whilemenmaybeproneto"aself-confidentapproachthatleadsthemtodenytheinformationalvalueofothers’evaluations."Inthelongterm,ifwomentakenegativefeedbackmoreseriously,theymayhaveabettershotatimprovingandgrowing.【長難句分析】PsychologistTomi-AnnRoberts(主語)wrote(謂語)inamuch-cited1991article(狀語)thatwomentypicallyseefeedbackas"opportunitiestogaininformationabouttheirabilities,"whilemenmaybeproneto"aself-confidentapproach(賓語從句，作write的賓語)thatleadsthemtodenytheinformationalvalueofothers'evaluations(定語從句，修飾approach)."Butthereareadvantagestocheckingourconfidence,too.PsychologistTomi-AnnRobertswroteinamuch-cited1991articlethatwomentypicallyseefeedbackas"opportunitiestogaininformationabouttheirabilities,"whilemenmaybeproneto"aself-confidentapproachthatleadsthemtodenytheinformationalvalueofothers’evaluations."Inthelongterm,ifwomentakenegativefeedbackmoreseriously,theymayhaveabettershotatimprovingandgrowing.【基礎(chǔ)解析】beproneto有……傾向的，易于遭受（疾?。┑?；有（消極）傾向的【釋】likelytosufferfromanillnessorshowaparticularnegativecharacteristic【例1】I'vealwaysbeenpronetoheadaches.我總是容易頭痛?！纠?】She'spronetoexa