非謂語動詞課件

1LectureSix非謂語動詞Non-finiteVerbs.2024/4/12本講主要內(nèi)容：一、非謂語動詞的分類、特征二、非謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)三、非謂語動詞充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞炙?、補(bǔ)充知識點(diǎn)2024/4/13動詞的非謂語形式有三種：1.不定式(TheInfinitive)，由to+動詞原形構(gòu)成，to為不定式符號，并無實(shí)際意義。2.動名詞(TheGerund)，由動詞+ing構(gòu)成。3.分詞(TheParticiple)1）現(xiàn)在分詞（ThePresentParticiple),由動詞+ing構(gòu)成

2）過去分詞（ThePastParticiple),由動詞+ed構(gòu)成。2024/4/14非謂語動詞具有以下特征：非謂語動詞可以做主語、賓語等多種句子成分，但唯獨(dú)不能做謂語。非謂語動詞具有各種形態(tài)：原形、主動語態(tài)、被動語態(tài)、進(jìn)行時態(tài)和完成時態(tài)。非謂語動詞具有動詞的功能，如可以有自己的賓語，但不具有語法上的動詞性質(zhì),如沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。

Growingflowersismyhobby.Thankyouforhelping

us.Ihopetoseeyouagain.2024/4/15使用非謂語動詞的條件：在一個句子中，已經(jīng)存在一個謂語動詞，而又沒有連詞的情況下，其他的動詞就需要使用非謂語形式。Shegotoffthebus,_______(leave)herhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,but

_____(leave)herhandbagonherseat.leavingleft2024/4/16不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)不定式主動態(tài)被動態(tài)一般式完成式進(jìn)行式完成進(jìn)行式todotobedonetohavedonetohavebeendone

tobedoing無tohavebeendoing無2024/4/171.不定式的動作與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生時，用一般式。Hewantedtoseeyou.2.強(qiáng)調(diào)不定式的動作在謂語動詞之前發(fā)生時，用完成形式。Heissaidtohavewrittenanovel.3.強(qiáng)調(diào)不定式的動作正在進(jìn)行時，用不定式的進(jìn)行形式。WhenIcamein,

hepretendedtobereadingabook.4.當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是不定式動作的承受者時，用被動語態(tài)。Itisanhonorformetobeaskedtospeakhere.

ThebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintoEnglish.2024/4/18動名詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)動名詞主動態(tài)被動態(tài)一般式完成式doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone2024/4/191.動名詞的一般形式表示一般性動作或是與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生的動作。Weareinterestedinclimbingmountains.

Iprefersingingtodancing.2.如果強(qiáng)調(diào)動名詞的動作已經(jīng)完成，要用完成形式。Hewaspraisedforhavingpassedtheexam.3.如果動名詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，也要用完成形式。HeisproudofhavingbeensenttoworkinTibet.4.當(dāng)一個動名詞邏輯上的主語是該動名詞動作的承受者，這個動名詞要用被動形式。

HerememberedbeingtakentoBeijingwhenhewasachild.2024/4/110分詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞主動態(tài)被動態(tài)一般式完成式doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone過去分詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)只有一種，即done.2024/4/111現(xiàn)在分詞表主動、進(jìn)行，過去分詞表示被動、完成。分詞與其邏輯主語的關(guān)系是主動的用現(xiàn)在分詞；是被動的，要用過去分詞。1.________(look)outofthewindow,Icanseemanycarsandbuses.2.________(see)fromthetopofDragonTower,Harbinlooksmorebeautiful.3.Theteachercamein,__________(follow)manystudents.4.Theteachercamein,_________(follow)bymanystudents.LookingSeenfollowingfollowed2024/4/112如果強(qiáng)調(diào)一個被動的動作正在進(jìn)行，要用分詞的被動形式beingdone。Beingrepaired,thebuildingisforbiddentoenter.ThehousebeingbuiltnowisaHopeProjectSchool.如果強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，要用完成形式。Nothavingfinishedhishomework,Tomwasmadetostayatschool.Havingclosedallthewindows,Iwenthome.

Havingbeeninvitedtotheparty,Tomwasveryhappy.2024/4/113非謂語動詞的否定形式所有非謂語動詞的否定形式都是直接在其前面加上not.不定式的否定形式：nottodo動名詞的否定形式：notdoing現(xiàn)在分詞的否定形式：notdoing過去分詞的否定形式：notdone2024/4/1141.Mrs.Smithwarnedherdaughter________afterdrinking.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive2.-Imustapologizefor________aheadoftime.-That'sallright.A.lettingyounotknowB.notlettingyouknowC.lettingyouknownotD.lettingnotyouknowAB2024/4/1153.________theprogramme,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.A.NotcompletingB.NotcompletedC.NothavingcompletedD.HavingnotcompletedC2024/4/116KeytoPart1:nottohaveseenhimtohavegivenyousomuchtroubletobedreamingtohavebeenstudyingtobebettertreatedbeinginterruptedhavingbeenthereHavingreviewedhislessons2024/4/117非謂語動詞在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞植欢ㄊ絼用~現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞主語賓語賓補(bǔ)表語定語狀語★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★2024/4/118不定式、動名詞用作主語1.直接作主語：Seeingisbelieving.Smokingisnotagoodhabit.Toseeistobelieve.Tosmokehereisdangerous.2.用it作形式主語It’snousetalkingtoomuchwithoutdoinganything.It’snogoodsmokingtoomuch.Itisverykindofyoutosayso.It’snotdifficultforyoutolearnEnglishgrammar

well.

2024/4/119動名詞與不定式作主語時的區(qū)別1.對稱原則:主語和表語對稱Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.2.動名詞做主語表示抽象的、經(jīng)常性的動作，不定式表示具體的、某一次的動作。

Climbingmountainsisinteresting.

Toclimbthismountainwilltakeustwohours.3.不定式做主語，一般用it當(dāng)形式主語，而把不定式短語后置。

Itwilltakeustwohourstoclimbthemountain.2024/4/120固定句型:1.It’snouse/nogood/useless/worthwhile+doing…在暗淡的燈光下看書不好。

Itisnogoodreadingindimlight.2.It’skind/wise/clever…ofsbtodosthItisverykindofyoutohelpus.3.It’simportant/necessary/hard…forsbtodosth

我們學(xué)好英語很重要。

ItisveryimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.2024/4/121不定式、動名詞作賓語Hechosenottogohomethisweekend.Themanagerdesirestoseeyou.Mymotherdislikesseeingyouwithme.Hecouldhardlyresistlaughing.Heisfondofplayingtennis.動名詞既可做動詞賓語，也可做介詞的賓語，而不定式只能做動詞賓語。有些動詞只能接動名詞做賓語，而有的只能接不定式做賓語，有的既可接動名詞也可接不定式做賓語，但意義不同。2024/4/122A.下列動詞只能帶動名詞作賓語：admit,allow,avoid,appreciate,consider,denyenjoy,escape,finish,complete,forgivekeep,mind,miss,risk,resume,recall,practise,prevent,resist,suggest,understandbe/getusedto,devoteoneselfto,lookforwardto,objectto,prefer...to,referto,payattentionto,stickto,leadto

這些詞組里的to為介詞，而非不定式符號。2024/4/123B.下列動詞只能接不定式作賓語：afford,agree,attempt,aim,choosedecide,demand,desire,determine,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,pretend,prepare,promise,refuse,seem,tend,threaten,wish

2024/4/124C.在一些動詞后，可接不定式,也可接動名詞做賓語，但含義有差別。forget,remember,regret+doing

表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生；+todo表動作未發(fā)生want,

need,require+doing

表被動=tobedonetrydoing試著做;trytodo

盡力做，想要做stopdoing

停止做某事

stoptodo

停下來做另一件事2024/4/125goondoing

繼續(xù)做某事（前后是同一件事）goontodo

接下來做某事(前后不是同一件事)meandoing

意味著...,意思是...

meantodo

故意或想要做某事can’thelpdoingsth

抑制不住、禁不住做某事can’thelptodosth

不能幫忙做某事2024/4/126D.

在begin,start,continue

等詞后可接不定式作賓語，也可接動名詞作賓語，意義區(qū)別不大，但要注意：

1)這些動詞本身是-ing

形式時，其后要接不定式；2)主語是物，多用不定式；

3)其后的動詞是表示情感的或與智力有關(guān)的，不用

v-ing形式,而要用不定式，如：

know,realize,hate,love,understand,wonder,remember,forget2024/4/127Practice:1.Wouldyoumind______thedoor?A.openB.openingC.toopenD.opened2.“Somuchforthenewwordsand

expressions;let’sgoon____thetext.”the

teachersaidwithasmile.A.totalkaboutB.talkingaboutC.tobetalkingD.talkaboutBA2024/4/1283.Haveyougotused_________inGuilin?A.toliving

B.toliveC.living

D.tobeliving4.Nobodyiswillingtogotoapartywithout___________.A.askingB.tobeaskedC.beingaskedD.havingaskedAC2024/4/129非謂語動詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語可以接不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞常用的有：

ask,want,advise,allow,encourage,force,forbid,like,order,permit,persuade,request,require,tell,warn,urge,expect這些詞后均可接+sb.todosth.的結(jié)構(gòu)Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.Myteacheradvisedmetodomoreexercises.2024/4/130常接分詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞有：have，keep,get,findsee,hear,watch,noticeetc.Isawhimworkinginthefieldyesterday.Hekeptthewaterboiling.Ifoundmycarmissing.Iwillhavemywatchrepaired.2024/4/131see,hear等詞+sb.+dosth.與+sb.+doing的區(qū)別：前者強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的真實(shí)性、完整性，后者強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的連續(xù)性、進(jìn)行性。Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday.強(qiáng)調(diào)“我看見了”這個事實(shí)。Isawhimwokinginthegardenyesterday.強(qiáng)調(diào)我見他正在干活這個動作。2024/4/132非謂語動詞作表語1.不定式作表語（betodo):按計(jì)劃、趨勢將要做的

Sheistogetmarriednextweek.有責(zé)任、義務(wù)必須做的

I’mtoseeyouoffattheairporttomorrow祈使、命令不得不做的

You’retostandhere,doyouunderstand?命運(yùn)安排,注定做的

Disneymetthemouseandhewastobecomeafamousartist.2024/4/1332.動名詞作表語表明主語的性質(zhì)或內(nèi)容（有時可與主語互換）MyjobisteachingyouEnglish.TeachingyouEnglishismyjob.3.分詞作表語表示主語的特點(diǎn)特征,現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動，過去分詞表示被動和完成。

Thebookisinteresting.Skiingismoreexcitingthanskating.Shefeltconfused,evenfrightened.Theguestsaregone.做表語的分詞，其實(shí)很多已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)化為了形容詞。2024/4/134非謂語動詞作定語A.動名詞作定語表示被修飾詞的用途drinkingwater=thewaterthatis(used)fordrinkingdrinkingwater,livingroom,sittingroom,washingpowderB.分詞作定語，表被修飾詞的特點(diǎn)、特征.單個分詞作定語前置,分詞短語作定語放在所修飾詞之后?，F(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示正在進(jìn)行和主動，過去分詞作定語表示已經(jīng)完成和被動。boilingwater正在沸騰的水boiledwater白開水（煮開過的水，可能是涼的）aretiredworker一位退了休的工人2024/4/135分詞短語做定語相當(dāng)于省略了的定語從句：現(xiàn)在分詞與被修飾詞之間具有主動關(guān)系：Duetothemanychangestakingplaceinourwayoflife,people'swayofthinkinghasalsochangedalot.=Duetothemanychangeswhichtakeplacein…過去分詞與被修飾詞之間是被動關(guān)系：

Mostofthepeopleinvitedtothepartywerefamousscientists.

=Mostofthepeoplewhowereinvitedtothe…2024/4/136C.動詞不定式作定語1.后置，表示將來ThisistheHopeProjectSchooltobebuiltnextyear.2.不定式與其所修飾的詞之間可能是主謂或動賓關(guān)系：ThetraintoarriveisfromLondon.Ihavealotofworktodo.Iwanttogetsomethingtoread.Doyouneedsomewatertodrink?2024/4/1373.當(dāng)名詞有特定的定語,如形容詞\副詞的最高級,序數(shù)詞及next,only,right等,其后接不定式作定語。

Heisthefirststudenttocomeandthelasttoleave.

Whereisthebestplacetomeet?

Weneedthenextroomtoholdcorn.4.不定代詞something,nothing,little,much等習(xí)慣上用不定式做定語。Thereisnothingtoworryabout.2024/4/1385.如果動詞要求用不定式做賓語，則它們相應(yīng)的名詞一般也要用不定式做定語,如：decidetodo,wishtodoHiswishtobuyacarcametrue.Theirdecisiontogiveuptheexperimentsurprisedus.6.不及物動詞構(gòu)成的不定式做定語，要加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，這里的介詞不能省略。Ineedapentowritewith.2024/4/139KeytoPart4:called/namedSallystandingbehindthecounterbeingbuilttobecompletednextyeartoputthebookshelfoftenplayingfootballontheplayground2024/4/140非謂語動詞作狀語不定式做狀語，表示原因,目的或結(jié)果。為了強(qiáng)調(diào)目的,可與inorderto或soasto連用。

Ireachedhomeonlytofindmyolddogdead.

Hegotupearlytocatchtheearlybus.

ToimproveourEnglish,wecomehere.

I’msogladtoseeyou.

Theywenttotherailwaystation,onlytobetoldthatthetrainhadleft.

注：only+不定式”常表示出乎預(yù)料的結(jié)果.2024/4/141分詞作狀語可以表示時間、條件、原因、結(jié)果、伴隨或方式，及獨(dú)立成分。分詞與邏輯主語的關(guān)系是主動的，用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之，用過去分詞。Hearingthenews,hecouldn’thelplaughing.（時間）Givenenoughtime,

Icandoitbetter.

（條件）Beingill,

hedidn’tgotoschool（原因）Theglassfelltotheground,

breakingintopieces.(結(jié)果)Ourteachercamein,

followedbymanystudents

(伴隨）Generallyspeaking,onemustbeconfident.(獨(dú)立成分)2024/4/142分詞做時間、條件、原因狀語往往可以轉(zhuǎn)換成一個狀語從句,做伴隨狀語可轉(zhuǎn)換為并列句。Hearingthenews,hecouldn’thelplaughing.=Whenheheardthenews,hecouldn't...

Givenenoughtime,

Icandoitbetter.=IfIamgivenenoughtime,Icandoitbetter.

Beingill,

hedidn’tgotoschool.=Becausehewasill,hedidn'tgotoschool.

Theycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing.=Theycameintotheclassroom,andtheyweresingingandlaughing.2024/4/143Notice:使用非謂語動詞做狀語時，一定要注意，非謂語動詞的邏輯主語一定要與該句話的主語保持一致。判斷下列句子正誤并改錯。1.TolearnEnglishwell,alotofpracticemustbedone.→TolearnEnglishwell,Imustdoalotof