2023年高考英語新材料模擬卷（上海專用卷）（解析版）

2023年高考英語新材料仿真模擬押題卷

（上海專用卷）

LListeningComprehensionSectionA（第1-10題，每題1分；第11-20題，每題分；共25分）

SectionA

Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeach

conversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbe

spokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswers

onyourpaper;anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.

1.A.Ataspecialparty.B.Atahair-dressingsalon.

C.Atanightclub.D.Atafashionshow.

【答案】B

【原文】M:Howwouldyoulikeyourhairtoday?Thesamestyleasusual?

W:IhaveaspecialpartytoattendtonightandI'dliketochangemystyle.

Q:Wheredoesthedialoguemostprobablyhappen?

2.A.Finland.B.Egypt.C.Mexico.D.Zambia.

【答案】D

【原文】W:Wherewouldyouprobablygoforthiscomingvacation?

M:Hmm.IthinkIwouldgotoSouthernAfrica.

Q:Whichofthefollowingcountrieswillthemanprobablygo?

3.A.Camping.B.Travelling.C.Sporting.D.Shopping.

【答案】A

【原文】M:You'reabsolutelyright.It'ssuchagoodescapefromeverydaylife.

W:Yes.Ilovesleepingoutside,cookingoveranopenfireandhearingallthenaturesounds.

Q:Whataretheymostprobablytalkingabout?

4.A.SheisalsoafanofArgentina.

B.Sheisalsoworkingveryhard.

C.ShelovesAmericanfootballsomuch.

D.SheworksfortheWorldCup.

【答案】B

【原文】M:I'msavingupmyvacationtimeatworksoIcangototheWorldCupnextyear.

W:Really?Metoo.Actually,I'manArgentinafan.

Q:Whydoesthewomansay“Metoo.”？

5.A.Shethrewsomethingatatruck.

B.Shethrewherselfoutofwindowandbrokeherleg.

C.Shemovedatrucktosavealittleboy.

D.Sherushedtoamovingtrucktosaveakid.

【答案】D

【原文】W:What?Sarabrokeherleg?Whathappened?

M:Well.Shethrewherselfinfrontofamovingtrucktosavealittleboyinthemiddleoftheroad.

Q:WhatdidSarado?

6.A.Theyplannedtogoskiingintherain.B.Theyjustwanttograbthechance.

C.Theywillprobablychangetheirmind.D.They'llgoskiingevenintherain.

【答案】C

【原文】M:Theweatherforecastsaidthatthereisachanceofraintomorrow.We'llstillgoskiing?

W:Maybeweshouldn'triskit.I'mnotsureIwanttogetstuckintherain.

Q:Whatdowelearnfromthetalk?

7.A.Lisalikesthemessysituation.B.Lisamadethemess.

C.HeandLisaaresettlingaproblem.D.Lisalikesthenewplace.

【答案】D

【原文】W:Howareyousettlingin?

M:Oh,wearestillinabitofamess,butLisaseemstolikeithere.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

8.A.Theladyshouldstopbeingpatient.

B.Hecan'tunderstandthelady'sfeeling.

C.Theladyshouldnotblameothers.

D.Nobodymaybeinterestedinherproblem.

【答案】c

［原文】W:Youjustdon'tknowwhatIfeel!Everythingisgettingworse,becauseofhim.

M:Stopblamingotherpeople.Bepatient,andthinkpositively.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

9.A.CertaingiftfromHawaii.B.Agrandweddingparty.

C.TwoplaneticketstoHawaii.D.Apictureofthemoon.

【答案】C

【原文】M:Congratulations!Ifsabsolutelyagrandweddingparty.HaveyouopenedthegiftIgaveyou?

W:Yes.Thanksalot.Hawaiiisaniceplacefbrthehoneymoon.

Q:What'sprobablythegift?

10.A.Theywenttoseeamovie.B.Thedancersimpressedthemboth.

C.Thewomanisalsoadancer.D.Themaninvitedtheladytotheshow.

【答案】B

【原文】M:Whatafantasticperformance!Thankyouforinvitingmetothemusical.

W:Youarewelcome.Tinhappyyouenjoyedtheshow.Thedancerswereamazing.Itremindsmeofwhen

Iusedtodance.

Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?

SectionB

Directions:InSectionB,youwillheartwopassagesandpassageorconversation,youwillheasked

severalquestionswillbereadtwice,butthequestionwillbespokenonlyonethefourpossibleanswerson

yourpaperanddecidewhichoyouhaveheard.

Questions11through14arebasedonthefollowingpassage

11.A.Asavingaccountinasinglename.B.Asavingaccountinjointnames.

C.Acheckingaccountinasinglename.D.Acheckingaccountinjointnames.

12.A.4.B.3.C.2.D.1.

13.A.Theladyandherbrothersorsisters.B.Thelady'sparents.

C.Theladyandherfather.D.Theladyandhermother.

14.A.Identificationpaper,photograph,aletterofintroductionandsomemoney.

B.Identificationpaper,someclarifications,aletterofintroductionandsomemoney.

C.Aletterofintroduction,photographs,acheckbookandsomemoney.

D.Drivinglicense,identificationpaper,photos,andaletterofintroduction.

【答案】U.B12.A13.C14.A

［原文】W:Goodmorning,sir.MayIcomein?

M:Goodmorning.Yes,please.Takeaseat.Iguessyouwanttoopenanaccount,right?

W:Yes.

M:Great!Whataccountdoyouwanttoopen,acheckingaccountorasavingsaccount?

W:Iwouldliketoopenasavingsaccountinyourbank.Whatistheprocedure?

M:Wouldyouliketoopenanaccountinasinglenameorinjointnames?

W:Iwouldliketoopenajointaccountwithmyfather.

M:Inthatcasebothofyouhavetopresentidentificationpapersandasetoftwophotographseach.

W:WoulditbealrightifIbroughtaphotocopyofmydrivinglicense?

M:Yes,thatwouldbefine.Infact,photocopiesofyourvoter'scardelectricitybill,ordrivinglicenseare

accepted.

W:Isthatallthatisrequired?

M:Justonemorerequirement.Weneedanintroductionbyanaccountholderofourbank.

W:FinePHgetthat.Justtwomoreclarifications,please.Whatistheminimumbankbalanceneededfor

openingtheaccountandwhatistheinterestrateonasavingsaccount?

M:Theminimumbalanceis$5(X)andweareofferinganinterestrateof3.5%onthesavingsaccount

thesedays.

W:Tilbebackwithallthestuffneeded.

M:Yes,onopeninganaccountwithuswewillgiveyouachequebookforwithdrawalsandapassbook

forkeepinganaccount.Bothyouandyourfathercanoperatetheaccount.

W:Thankyouforallthehelp.

M:Afriendlyandpromptcustomerserviceisourmotto.

Questions:

1.Whatkindofaccountdoestheladywanttoopen?

2.Howmanyphotosdoestheladyneedtoprepareforanewaccount?

3.Whomaywithdrawmoneyfromtheaccount?

4.Whatdoesapersonneedtoopenasavingsaccountinthisbank?

Questions15through17arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

15.A.Aircraftdesign.B.Mathematics.

C.Engineering.D.Science.

16.A.40.B.14.C.4.D.0.

17.A.Shestucktostudyingengineeringatcollege.

B.Sheaddressedtostudentsathighschoolsandcolleges.

C.Shetriedtopersuadewomennottodoengineeringforitshardwork.

D.Sheresearcheddefensesystemsofsatellitesandrockets.

【答案】15.B16.D17.B

【原文】M:MaryRosswasbornonAugust9,1908,inthestateofOklahoma.Herworkisconsidered

criticaltotheearlystagesofiheageofspacetravel.Rossshowedspecialabilitiesinmathandscience

fromanearlyage.Asastudent,shedevelopedaninterestinaviation,thepracticeofflyingaircraft.She

wentontoearnamaster'sdegreeinmathematicsfromColoradoStateTeachersCollege-nowcalledthe

UniversityofNorthernColorado.DuringWorldWarII,RossbeganworkingfortheLockheedAircraft

Corporationasamathematician.There,shewasurgedtocompleteworkinaircraftengineering.She

earnedaspecialcertificationinthefieldfromtheUniversityofCalifornia-LosAngelesin1949.Ross

waslaterchosentojoinLockheed'stop-secretSkunkWorksteamthatworkedonaircraftdesigns.The

namereferstoagroupthatispermittedtoworkindependentlyonadvancedprojects.Shewastheonly

femaleengineeramongtheteam's40members.Earlyon,sheresearcheddefensesystems.Bythelate

1950s,herworkcenteredonsatellitesandaseriesofspacerocketscalledAgenda.Therocketswere

extremelyimportantinthe1960sduringtheApollomoonprogram.RossretiredfromLockheedin1973.

ButshecontinuedtogivetalksathighschoolsandcollegestoencouragemorewomenandNative

Americanstostudyengineering.MaryRossdiedin2008,afewmonthsbeforeher100thbirthday.

Questions:

1.InwhatmajordidRossgethermaster'sdegree?

2.HowmanyfemalecolleaguesdidRosshavewhenworkinginaLockheed'stop-secretteam?

3.WhatdidRossgoontodoafterherretirement?

Questions18through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.

18.A.TheSouthAtlanticOcean.B.ThecoastofSouthAmerica.

C.Africancontinent.D.ThecoastofAngola.

19.A.Hestudiesthesimilaritiesbetweenancientandmodemanimals.

B.Hediscoverstheremainsofancientseaanimalsonthecoast.

C.HestudiesthecauseofseparationofSouthAmericaandAfrica.

D.Hehelpsdothearrangementoftheancientanimalremainsinamuseum.

20.A.Becausetheremainswereexposedonthecoast.

B.Becausetheseanimalsusedtoliveclosetoeachotherinoneplace.

C.Becausetheseanimalsweredriventooneplaceandkilled.

D.Becausetheseanimalswerealleatenbyonelarge,fierceancientseaanimal.

【答案】18.D19.D20.B

【原文】

Millionsofyearsago,manylarge,strange-lookingseacreatureslivedinwhatisnowtheSouth

AtlanticOcean.ScientistssaythecontinentsofSouthAmericaandAfricaseparatedmillionsofyearsago.

Asthishappened,theysay,manykindsofdangerousanimalsandotherlifeformssettledinthenewly

formedbodyofwateroffthecoastofAngola.

Today,scientistsarestudyingancientanimalremainsdiscoveredontheAngolancoast.Theyknew

therewouldberemainsinthearea,but“didn'tknowhowgoodtheywouldbe.^^

JacobsandateamofscientistsandstudentshelpedpreparetheremainstobeshownattheNational

MuseumofNaturalHistoryinWashington,D.C.Hesaidvisitorstothemuseumcanseethesimilarity

betweentheancientandmodernoceanenvironmentandanimals.

MichaelPolcyn,anotherresearcher,saysoneancientfish-eatinganimalhadalongnoseandteeth

similartothatofadolphin.Henotesthatvisitorscanseetheremainsoflarge,fierceanimals,aswellas

gentlercreatureslikeanancientgiantseaturtle.

“Wehaveaclearpictureofthismomentintime72millionyearsagothathaspreservedallofthese

animalsthatwerelivingtogetherinoneplace.”

Scientistssayalargerockfromspacehittheearthmillionsofyearsagoandkilledmostofthe

animals.

Questions:

1.Wherearescientistsstudyingtheancientanimalremains?

2.WhatdoesJacobsdo?

3.Whycouldscientistsfindsomanyancientanimalremains?

II.GrammarandVocabulary(每題1分；共20分)

SectionA

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,Jillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentand

grammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthe

givenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

DiscoveringaBrother

KieronGrahamalwaysknewhehadanolderbrother.Hisadoptionpapers,signedand

sealedwhenhewasthreemonthsold,listedabrothernamedVincentbutnolastname.

ThoughKieronspentyears21(think)aboutVincent,hecouldnevertrackhimdown.

ThatchangedinDecember2017,22Kieron'sadoptiveparentsgavetheirfour

adoptedchildrenAncestryDNAtestsasChristmasgifts.Kieron,now21,senthissaliva(唾

液)sampleinforanalysis.Whenhisresultscameback,hewassurprisedtofindhehadsome

DNAmatchesforrelativeswho23(take)thetest,too.Mostweredistantconnections,

butonematchwassostrongthatit24(label)"closefamily59.HisnamewasVincent

Ghant.Kieronlookedforhimonlineandsoonmadeapossibleconnection.Thisisgoingto

soundsowild......butyouseem25(be)mybrother/9Kieronwroteontheinstant

messagingapp.

“Iwasgivenup26adoptionin1997anditsaysonmypaperworkthatmy

motherhasasonwithyournameandyourbirthdate.HernameisShawn.”

“OMGdoyouknowyourrealname?"wroteVincent,now30.

"1thinkitwasTyler."

“OMGYES!!!Youaremybrother/9

“Wow,"wroteKieron.

“Thisiscrazy."saidVincent.

Thecrazinesswasjustbeginning.Astheytalked,thebrothersrealizedtheylivedabout

20minutesfromeachother,outsideofAtlanta.Moremind-blowing,theyattendedthesame

universityandmajoredandminoredinthesamesubjects:politicalscienceandlegalstudies.

“Whataretheoddswe'reseparatedourentirelivesandthenendupatthesameschool

withthesameinterests?"saysKieron.

Nowthebrothershadthechancetomakeupforthe27(lose)time.Theydecided

tomeetatalocalteashopthatweek."IwasreallynervoussaysKieron.

“Iwaswondering28Ishouldsay.”Ashewaitedoutsidetheshop,heheard

someonecallhisname,andhesuddenlyfound29inahugwiththebrotherhe'd

thoughtabouthisentirelife.

Themenwentinsideandtalked.41Weconnected,"saysVincent,4430we

alreadykneweachother.”

【答案】

21.thinking22.when23.hadtaken24.waslabeled25.to

be26.for27.lost28.what29.himself30.asif/asthough

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講的是KieronGraham通過DNA測(cè)試找到他的同胞哥哥的故

事。

21.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：盡管Kieron花了數(shù)年時(shí)間考慮Vincent,但他始終沒能找到他。結(jié)合

句意及空前的spentyears可知應(yīng)填動(dòng)名詞形式thinking,spendtimedoing意為“花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事”，

固定搭配，用動(dòng)名詞作賓語。故填thinking。

22.考查定語從句。句意：2017年12月，情況發(fā)生了變化，Kieron的養(yǎng)父母把血統(tǒng)DNA測(cè)試作

為圣誕禮物送給了他們的四個(gè)養(yǎng)子。此處為定語從句，先行詞為December2017,先行詞在從句中

作時(shí)間狀語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when。故填when。

23.考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：結(jié)果出來后，他驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的一些DNA與參加過檢測(cè)的親戚相匹

配?？仗幨莣ho定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞，結(jié)合句意定語從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句一般過去時(shí)的動(dòng)作之

前，應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。故填hadtaken。

24.考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：大多數(shù)都是遠(yuǎn)親關(guān)系，但有一個(gè)匹配非常強(qiáng)大，以至于被貼上了

“近親59”的標(biāo)簽。分析句子可知，空處是that引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)語境，動(dòng)作發(fā)生在

過去且從句主語it與label之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填labeled

25.考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：“這聽起來很瘋狂……但你好像是我哥哥，"Kieron在即時(shí)通訊軟件上

寫道。結(jié)合句意及空前的youseem可知應(yīng)用不定式的形式，作賓語，sb.seemtodosth.意為“似乎要

做某事“，固定用法。故填tobe。

26.考查介詞。句意：“1997年我被人收養(yǎng)了，我的文件上寫著我媽媽有一個(gè)兒子，名字和出生日

期都和你一樣。他叫肖恩。''結(jié)合句意此處應(yīng)填介詞for,foradoption意為“收養(yǎng)”，固定搭配。故填

for。

27.考查形容詞。句意：現(xiàn)在兄弟倆有機(jī)會(huì)彌補(bǔ)失去的時(shí)間結(jié)合句意此處應(yīng)填形容詞形式lost“失

去的“，作定語，修飾名詞time。故填lost。

28.考查名詞性從句。句意：“我在想我該說些什么。''結(jié)合句意及空前的wondering可知此處為賓

語從句，從句動(dòng)詞say缺少賓語，指物，應(yīng)用引導(dǎo)詞what。故填what。

29.考查反身代詞。句意：當(dāng)他在商店外面等著的時(shí)候，他聽到有人叫他的名字，他突然發(fā)現(xiàn)自己

擁抱了他一生都在思念的哥哥。結(jié)合句意及空前的hesuddenlyfound可知此處應(yīng)填反身代詞

himself,作found的賓語。故填himself。

30.考查狀語從句。句意：男人們走進(jìn)去聊天?！拔覀冇新?lián)系，"Vincent,說，“就好像我們已經(jīng)認(rèn)

識(shí)對(duì)方一樣J結(jié)合句意此處為狀語從句，應(yīng)用asif/asthough引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句。故填asif/asthough。

SectionB

Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonly

once.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.characteristicB.blameC.slaveD.acceptingE.orientedF.remaining

G.properlyH.behaviorsI.surpriseJ.resistK.consistently

AnAmericanresearcherwhostudied600millionairesfoundhowrichyoucanget

comesdownto6"wealthfactors'4.Shefoundthatsixbehaviorsarerelatedtonetworth

potential,regardlessofageorincome.Thesewerethriftiness,confidence,responsibility,

planning,focusandsocialindifference.Beingthriftycomesasno

great31."Spendingaboveyourmeans,spendinginsteadofsavingforretirement,

spendinginanticipationofbecomingwealthymakesyoua32tothepaycheck,

evenwithanastronomicallevelofincome/9shewrote.Toproperlybuildwealth,experts

recommendsaving20%yourincomeandlivingoffthe3380%.

Havingconfidenceisanotherkey34asithelpspeopletobethrifty.Ittakes

confidencetolivewithinyourmeans.Italsotakesconfidencetoinvest35.Instead

ofmakinginvestingdecisionswithyouremotions,financialplannersadvisethatyoushould

leaveyourinvestmentsaloneandfocusonalong-terminvestmentplan.

Butpeoplecan'tinvest-ormanagetheirownmoney-without36responsibility

fortheoutcomes.Manymillionairestakeonpersonalresponsibility-andmostalsohappen

tobeself-made,meaningtheydidn'tacquiretheirwealththroughluck.Millionairesdon't

countonanyoneelsetomakethemrich,andtheydon't37anyoneelseiftheyfall

short.Theyfocusonthingstheycancontrolandaligntheirdailyhabitstothegoalsthey

havesetforthemselves.Theytendtobegoal-38andhardworkers,whichenables

themtoplanfinanciallyandfocusonseeingthoseplansthrough.92%ofthemillionaires

surveyeddevelopedalong-termplanfortheirmoney,and97%almostalwaysachievedthe

goalstheysetforthemselves.

Anditisthese39thatmakeiteasyforthemtobesociallyindifferent.

They40lifestylecreep,thetendencytospendmorewheneveroneearnsmore.

Essentially,theydon'tyieldtopressuretobuythelatestthingortokeepupwithothersor

whattheyhaveacquired.Insteadofbeingfocusedonwhatmightmakethemhappytoday,

they'refocusedontheirlong-termwealth-buildingplan.

【答案】

31.I32.C33.F34.A35.G36.D37.B38.E39.H40.J

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。介紹了百萬富翁們能獲得財(cái)富歸結(jié)為六個(gè)“財(cái)富因素”：節(jié)儉、自信、責(zé)

任、計(jì)劃、專注和社會(huì)冷漠。

31.考查名詞。句意：節(jié)儉并不令人感到意外。分析句子可知，空格處為介詞as的賓語，應(yīng)使用

名詞表示"驚訝"，surprise符合句意。故選I項(xiàng)。

32.考查名詞。句意：入不敷出，即支出而不是以期變得富有為退休支出而儲(chǔ)蓄，會(huì)讓你成為薪水

的奴隸。分析句子以及上文“Spendingaboveyourmeans''nJ知空格處為賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示“使你成為

奴隸”，應(yīng)使用名詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語，slave符合句意。故選C項(xiàng)。

33.考查形容詞。句意：為了合理地積累財(cái)富，專家建議你應(yīng)該把收入的20%存起來，剩下的80%

用來生活。根據(jù)上文“expertsrecommendsaving20%yourincome”可知，空格處表示的意思是“剩余

的收入“，remaining"剩下的"符合句意。故選F項(xiàng)。

34.考查名詞。句意：自信是另一個(gè)重要的特征，因?yàn)樗鼛椭藗冏兊霉?jié)儉。根據(jù)第一段“Thesewere

thriftiness,confidence,responsibility,planning,focusandsocialindifference”可知，空格處講的是“另一

個(gè)重要的特征"，characteristic符合句意。故選A項(xiàng)。

35.考查副詞。句意:適當(dāng)?shù)耐顿Y也需要信心。根據(jù)下文“Insteadofmakinginvestingdecisionswithyour

emotions,financialplannersadvisethatyoushouldleaveyourinvestmentsaloneandfocusonalong-term

investmentplan”可知投資必須適當(dāng)，空格處為副詞用作狀語修飾動(dòng)詞invest,properly符合句意。故

選G項(xiàng)。

36.考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：但如果不對(duì)結(jié)果負(fù)責(zé)，人們就無法投資或管理自己的資金。根據(jù)下文“Many

millionairestakeonpersonalresponsibility—andmostalsohappentobeself-made,meaningtheydidn't

acquiretheirwealththroughluck”可知，空格處表示"承擔(dān)責(zé)任"acceptresponsibility作介詞without的

賓語，應(yīng)使用動(dòng)名詞形式。故選D項(xiàng)。

37.考查動(dòng)詞。句意：富翁不指望其他任何人讓他們變富，如果他們沒有變富，他們也不會(huì)責(zé)怪其

他任何人。根據(jù)上文“Millionairesdon'tcountonanyoneelsetomakethemrich”可知，百萬富翁沒有變

富也不會(huì)責(zé)怪其他任何人。空格處為“責(zé)怪”，blame符合句意?故選B項(xiàng)。

38.考查形容詞。句意：他們往往以目標(biāo)為導(dǎo)向，努力工作，這使他們能夠制定財(cái)務(wù)計(jì)劃并專注于

實(shí)現(xiàn)這些計(jì)劃。分析句子可知，空格處為表語表示“以目標(biāo)為導(dǎo)向的，目標(biāo)明確的“，oriented”以……

為方向的''符合句意。故選E項(xiàng)。

39.考查名詞。句意：正是這些行為讓他們很容易對(duì)社交漠不關(guān)心。根據(jù)上文“Theytendtobe

goal-___8andhardworkers,whichenablesthemtoplanfinanciallyandfocusonseeingthoseplans

through”可知百萬富翁專注于實(shí)現(xiàn)這些計(jì)劃從而忽略了社交，空格處總結(jié)的是百萬富翁們的專注的

行為，behaviors符合句意。故選H項(xiàng)。

40.考查動(dòng)詞。句意：他們抗拒生活方式的蠕變，即收入越高，支出就越多的傾向。根據(jù)下文“the

tendencytospendmorewheneveroneearnsmore”可知百萬富翁們對(duì)這種生活方式是抵制的，空格處

為句子謂語部分表示“抵制”應(yīng)使用動(dòng)詞resist,故選J項(xiàng)。

III.ReadingComprehension

SectionA

Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA.B.C

andD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext

Insummarisingthestateoftheplanet一risingpopulation,widespreadconflict,one-sixth

oftheplanetsufferingextremepovertyandhunger,globalwarming-JeffreySachs,author

of"TheCommonWealth,canpaintaterriblepicture.However,he'san41and

believesthatalloftheseproblemscanbeovercomeinrelativelystraightforwardwaysandat

relativelylittlecost.That'sbecausetherootcausesareinterconnectedand42

man-made.

Takechildmortality（死亡）.Perhapssurprisingly,thehigherthechildmortalityrateis,

thehigherthebirthrate.Thisleadstoa43populationwhichputsagreaterstress

onalreadyscarceresources,sofarmershavetoworkhardertoproduceenoughfoodforall,

whichmeanschildrenareoftenputtoworkinthefieldsorathome.This,44,

stopschildrengettingtheeducationwhichwillallowthemtoleam,amongotherthings,

aboutbetterfarmingtechniquestoincreasecropyieldsandprovidemorefoodtoeatandsell.

Sachsarguesthatthe45ofprovidingeverychildinpovertywithananti-mosquito

bednetisamajorfirststep.Malaria（瘧疾）isahugecauseofdeathinchildrenandthebed

netsmassively46infections.Thefewerchildrenthatdieofmalaria,themore

secureparentsfeelabouttheirchildrensurviving.Themoresecureparentsfeel,thefewer

childrentheyhave,andsoon,revisingthe47trendjustdescribed.

However,itis48acombinationofmeasuresatthesametimethattrulymakes

adifference:freeschoolmealsimproveschoolattendanceandhealth;supplyingfertilisersto

improvesoilandbetterseedsprovidesevenbetterharvests;basichealthcareandcleanwater

supplies49morefataldiseases.

Theseideasarealreadybeing50implementedinover100Africanvillages

inunderdevelopedregions.Thecostoftheprojectisjust$10perpersonperyear,ofwhich

50%comesfromdonorsandtherestfromamixtureoflocalandnationalgovernmentsand

thevillagersthemselves.

Soifit'sso5j,whyhasn'titbeendonebefore?Whataboutalltheaidthat

hasbeengiventoAfricaandtheunderdevelopedcountriesoftheworld?Hasitbeenlostto

corruption（腐?。?？Sachsarguesthattherealproblemisnotcorruption,butthefactthatrich

governmentshave52suchalot,butactuallygivensolittle.Theyagreedtogive

0.7%ofnationalincomeinaid,butonlyfivecountrieshavemetthat53.He

suggestscurrentaidis$24billionperyear,whichtranslatesasjusttendollarsper

person一notnearlyenoughtoimplementthe54measures.

SowhileSachsseesanopportunitytoendpovertyforever,healsoraisesan

55thatthiscouldbethelastchancewehave,'Thelongerwewait,thegreateris

thesufferingandthelargerthelong-termcosts?

41.A.economistB.optimistC.expertD.opponent

42.A.prospectivelyB.essentiallyC.thoughtfullyD.refreshingly

43.A.decliningB.globalC.boomingD.local

44.A.inturnB?bycontrastC.onendD.withcare

45.A.truthB.principleC.solutionD.statement

46.A.transmitB.specifyC.worsenD.reduce

47.A.downwardB?generalC.modemD.previous

48.A.describingB?reservingC.adoptingD.protesting

49.A.modifyB.intensifyC.preventD.locate

50.A.successfullyB?hesitantlyC.personallyD.worthlessly

51.A.popularB.simpleC.hardD.strange

52.A.spentB.promisedC.learnedD.featured

53.A.requirementB?conditionC.challengeD.target

54.A.restrictedB.standardizedC.requestedD.combined

55.A.alarmB?objectionC.amountD.instance

【答案】

41.B42.B43.C44.A45.C46.D47.A48.C49.C50.A51.B52

B53.D54.D55.A

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。介紹的是《共同財(cái)富》?書的作者JeffreySachs認(rèn)為當(dāng)前的世界狀況

可以使用簡(jiǎn)單且成本較低的方式解決，同時(shí)也指出/執(zhí)行這一些列措施的過程中出現(xiàn)的問題，最后

也給人類發(fā)出警報(bào)：這是我們最后的機(jī)會(huì)啦。

41.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，他是一個(gè)樂觀的人，并相信所有這些問題都可以以相對(duì)直接

的方式和相對(duì)較低的成本來解決。A.economisl經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家；B.oplimisl樂觀主義者；C.experl專家；

D.opponent對(duì)手。根據(jù)下文中的“…believesthatalloftheseproblemscanbeovercomeinrelatively

straightforwardwaysandatrelativelylittlecost.“可知，他認(rèn)為可以通過簡(jiǎn)單且成本較低的方式解決這

-難題，由此可知，他是一個(gè)樂觀的人。故選B項(xiàng)。

42.考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：這是因?yàn)楦驹蚴窍嗷リP(guān)聯(lián)的，本質(zhì)上是人為的。A.prospectively

預(yù)期地；B.essentially本質(zhì)上；C.thoughtfully深思地；D.refreshingly清爽地。根據(jù)下文“Sachsargues

thattherealproblemisnotcorruption,butthefactthatrichgovernmentshave12suchalot,but

actuallygivensolittle.Theyagreedtogive0.7%ofnationalincomeinaid,butonlyfivecountrieshave

metthat13—.”以及全文語境可知，造成問題沒有解決的本質(zhì)是人為的原因。故選B項(xiàng)。

43.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這導(dǎo)致人口激增，給本已稀缺的資源帶來更大的壓力，因此農(nóng)民

必須更加努力地工作，為所有人生產(chǎn)足夠的食物，這意味著兒童經(jīng)常被安排在田間或家里工作。

A.declining衰退的；B.global全球的；C.booming繁榮的；D.local當(dāng)?shù)氐?。根?jù)上文中的“Perhaps

surprisingly,thehigherthechildmortalityrateis,thehigherthebirthrate.“可知，死亡率越高，出生率就

越高，這就可以造成人口增長(zhǎng)。故選C項(xiàng)。

44.考查介詞短語詞義辨析。句意：反過來，這又阻礙了兒童接受教育，使他們能夠?qū)W習(xí)更好的耕

作技術(shù),以提高作物產(chǎn)量，提供更多的食物和銷售。A.inturn轉(zhuǎn)而;B.bycontrast相比之下;C.on

end連續(xù)地；D.withcare小心地。根據(jù)上文中的"…sofannershavetoworkhardertoproduceenough

foodforall,whichmeanschildrenareoftenputtoworkinthefieldsorathome.“可知，孩子們被安置在

田間或者是在家里工作，造成的結(jié)果是阻止了他們接受教育。故選A項(xiàng)。

45.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Sachs認(rèn)為，為每個(gè)貧困兒童提供防蚊帳的解決方案是重要的第一

步。A.truth事實(shí);B.principle原則；C.solution解決方法;D.statement陳述。根據(jù)上文中的“…that

alloftheseproblemscanbeovercomeinrelativelystraightforwardwaysandatrelativelylittlecost.“可

知，這是Sachs所提到的簡(jiǎn)單而又廉價(jià)的解決方法的第一步。故選C項(xiàng)。

46.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：瘧疾是兒童死亡的巨大原因，蚊帳大大減少了感染。4transmit轉(zhuǎn)

換；B.specify明確指出；C.worsen使惡化；D.reduce減少。根據(jù)"thebednetsmassively”可知，蚊

帳大大減少了感染。故選D項(xiàng)。

47.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：父母越有安全感，他們的孩子就越少，等等，從而改變了之前描

述的低迷趨勢(shì)。A.downward向下的；B.general總體的；C.modern現(xiàn)代的；D.previous以前的。

根據(jù)上文中的"Perhapssurprisingly,thehigherthechildmortalityrateis,thehigherthebirthrat據(jù)可知,

死亡率越高，出生率就越高，反過來，孩子們死亡的少了，家長(zhǎng)安全感增強(qiáng)了，出生率也隨之下降。

故選A項(xiàng)。

48.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，它同時(shí)采取了一系列措施，真正起到了作用:免費(fèi)校餐提高

了出勤率和健康水平;提供肥料來改善土壤，提供更好的種子帶來更好的收成;基本保健和清潔水供

應(yīng)防止了更多致命疾病。A.describing描寫;B.reserving預(yù)約；C.adopting采納，收養(yǎng)；D.protesting

抗議。根據(jù)下文列舉的一些列措施，可知，此處指的是“采用”這一些措施才會(huì)產(chǎn)生一系列的效果。

故選C項(xiàng)。

49.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，它同時(shí)采取了一系列措施，真正起到了作用:免費(fèi)校餐提高

了出勤率和健康水平;提供肥料來改善土壤，提供更好的種子帶來更好的收成;基本保健和清潔水供

應(yīng)防止了更多致命疾病。A.modify修改；B.intensify加劇，增強(qiáng)；C.prevent阻止;D.locate定位。

根據(jù)上文中“basichealthcareandcleanwatersupplies”并結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，基本的衛(wèi)生保健和干凈的水

應(yīng)該是可以“預(yù)防”瘧疾的發(fā)生。故