外文翻譯-現(xiàn)代設(shè)計(jì)與制造及外文翻譯-用VB構(gòu)建INTERNET的應(yīng)用

ModernDesignandManufacturing1.TheComputerandManufacturingThecomputerisbringingmanufacturingintotheInformationAge.Thisnewtool,longafamiliaroneinbusinessandmanagementoperations,ismovingintothefactory,anditsadventischangingmanufacturingascertainlyasthesteamenginechangedit100yearsago.Thebasicmetalworkingprocessesarenotlikelytochangefundamentally,buttheirorganizationandcontroldefinitelywillInonerespect,manufacturingcouldbesaidtobecomingfullcircle.Thefistmanufacturingwasacottageindustry:thedesignerwasalsothemanufacturer,conceivingandfabricatingproductsoneatatime.Eventually,theconceptoftheinterchangeabilityofpartswasdeveloped,productionwasseparatedintospecializedfunctions,andidenticalpartswereproducedthousandsatatime.Today,althoughthedesignerandmanufacturermaynotbecomeoneagain,thefunctionsarebeingdrawncloseinthemovementtowardanintegratedmanufacturingsystem.Itisperhapsironicthat,atatimewhenthemarketdemandsahighdegreeofproductdiversification,thenecessityforincreasingproductivityandreducingcoatsisdrivingmanufacturingtowardinegrationintoacoherentsystem,acontinuousprocessinwhichpartsdonotspentasmuchas95%ofproductiontimebeingmovedaroundorwaitingtobeworkedon.Thecomputeristhekeytoeachofthesetwinrequirements.Itistheonlytoolthatcanprovidethequickreflexes,theflexibilityandseed,tomeetadiversifiedmarket.Anditistheonlytoolthatenablesthedetailedanalysisandtheaccessibilityofaccuratedatanecessaryfortheintegrationofthemanufacturingsystem.Itmaywellbethat,inthefuture,thecomputermaybeessentialtoacompany’ssurvial.Manyoftoday’sbusinesseswillfadeawaytobereplacedbymore-productivecombinations.Suchmore-productivecombinationsaresuperquality,superproductivityplants.Thegoalistodesignandoperateaplantthatwouldproduce100%satisfactorypartswichgoodproductivity.Asophisticated,competitiveworldisrequiringthatmanufacturingbegintosettleformore,tobecomeitselfsophisticated.Tomeetcompetition,forexample,acompanywillhavetomeetthesomewhatconflictingdemandsforgreaterproductdiversification,higherquality,improvedproductivity,higherquality,improvedproductivityandprices.Thecompanythatseekstomeetthesedemandswillneedasophisticatedtool,onethatwillallowittorespondquicklytocustomerneedswhilegettingthemostoutofitsmanufacturingresources.Thecomputeristhattool.Becominga“superquality,superproductivity”plantrequirestheintegrationofanextremelycomplexsystem.Thiscanbeaccomplishedonlywhenallextremelycomplexsystem.Thiscanbeaccomplishedonlywhenallelementsofmanufacturing-design,fabricationandassembly,qualityassurance,management,materialshanding-arecomputerintegrated.Inproductdesign,forexample,interactivecomputer-aided-design(CAD)systemsallowthedrawingandanalysistaskstobeperformedinafractionofthetimeallowthedrawingandanalysistaskstobeperformedinafrationofthetimepreviouslyrequiredandgreateraccuracy.Andprogramsforprototypetestingtestingandevaluationfurtherspeedthedesignprocess.Inmanufacturingplanning,computer-aidedprocessplanningpermitstheselection,fromthousandsofpossiblesequencesandschedules,oftheoptimumprocess.Ontheshopfloor,distributedintlligenceintheformofmicroprocessorscontrols,runsautomatedloadingandunloadingequipment,andcollectsdataoncurrentshopconditions.Butsuchisolatedrevolutionsarenotenough.Whatisnendedisatotallyautomatedsystem,linkedbycommonsoftwarefromfrontdoortoback.Thebenefitsrangethoughoutthesystem.Essentially,computerintegrationprovideswidelyandinstantaneouslyavailable,accurateinformation,improvingcommunicationbetweendepartments,permittingtightercontrol,andgenerallyenhancingtheoverallqualityandefficiencyoftheentiresystem.Improvedcommunicationcanmean,forexample,designsthataremoreproducible.TheNCprogrammerandthetooldesignerhaveachangtoinfluencetheproductdesigner,andviceversa.Engineeringchanges,canbereduced,andthosethatarerequiredcanbehandledmoreefficiently.Notonlydosethecomputerpermitthemtobespecicifiedmorequickly,butitalsoalerssubsequentusersofthedatatothefactthatachangehasbeenmade.Theinstantaneousupdatingofproduction-controldatapermitsbetterplanningandmore-effectivescheduling.Expensiveequipment,therefore,isusedmoreproductively,andpartsmovemoreefficientlythroughproduction,reducingwork-in-processcoats.Productquality,too,canbeimproved.Notonlyaremore-accuratedesignsproduced,forexample,buttheuseofdesigndatabythequality-assurancedepartmenthelpseliminateerrorsduetomisunderstandings.Peopleareenabledtodotheirjobsbetter.Byeliminatingtediouscalculationsandpaperwork—nottomentiontimewastedsearchingforinformation—thecomputernotonlyallowsworkerstobemoreproductivebutalsofreesthemtodowhatonlyhumanbeingcando:thinkcreatively.Computerintegrationmayalsolurenewpeopleintomanufacturing.Peopleareattractedbecausetheywanttoworkinamodern,technologicallysophisticatedenviroment.Inmanufacturingengineering,CAD/CAMdecreasestool-design,NC-programming,andplanningtimeswhilespeedingtheresponserate,whichwilleventuallypermitin-housstafftoperformworkthatiscurrentlybeingcontractedout.2.CAD/CAMCAD/CAMisatermwhichmeanscomputer-aidedandcomputer-aidedmanufacturing.itisthetechnologyconcernedwiththeuseofdigitalcomputerstoperformcertainfunctionsindesignandproduction.Thistechnologyismovinginthedirectionofgreaterintegrationofdesignandmanufacturing,twoactivitieswhichhavetraditionallybeentreatedasdistinctandseparatefunctionsinaproductionfirm.Ultimately,CAD/CAMwillprovidethetechnologybaseforthecomputer-integratedfactoryofthefuture.Computer-aideddesign(CAD)canbedefinedastheuseofcomputerstytemstoassistinthecreation,modification,analysis,oroptimizationofadesign.Thecomputersystemsconsistofthehardwareandsoftwaretoperformthespecializeddesignfunctionsrequiredbytheparticularuserfirm.TheCADhardwaretypicallyincludedthecomputer,oneormoregraphicsdisplayterminals,keyboards,andotherperipheralequipment.TheCADsoftwareconsistsofthecomputerprogramstoimplementcomputergraphicstofacilitatetheengineeringfunctionsoftheusercompany.Examplesoftheseapplicationprogramsincludestress-strainanalysisofcomponents,dynamicresponseofmechanisms,heat-transfercalculations,andnumericalcontrolpartprogrammingThecollectionofapplicationprogramswillvaryfromoneuserfirmtothenextbecausetheirproductlines,manufacturingprocesses,andcustomermarketsaredifferentThesefactorsgiverisetodifferencesinCADsystemrequirements.Computer-aidedmanufacturing(CAM)canbedefinedastheuseofcomputersystemstoplan,manufacturingplantthrougheitherdirectorindirectcomputerinterfacewiththeplan’sproductionresources.Asindicatedbythedefinition,theapplicationsofcomputer-aidedmanufacturingfallintotwobroadcategories:1.Computermonitoringandcontrol.2.Manufacturingsupportapplications.Thedistinctionbetweenthetwocategoriesisfundamentaltoanunderstand-ingofcomputer-aidedmanufacturing.Inadditiontotheapplicationsinvolvingadirectcomputer-processinterfaceforthepurposeofprocessmonitoringandcontrol,computer-aidedmanufacturingalsoincludesindirectapplicationsinwhichthecomputerservesasupportroleinthemanufacturingoperationsoftheplant.Intheseapplications,thecomputerisnotlinkeddirectlytothemanufacturingprocess.Instead,thecomputerisused“off-line”toprovideplans,schedules,forecasts,instructions,andinformationbywhichthefirm’sproductionresourcescanbemanagedmoreeffectively.Theformoftherelationshipbetweenthecomputerandtheprocessisrepresentedsymbolicallyinthefiguregivenbelow.Dashedlinesareusedtoindicatethatthecommunicationandcontrollinkisanoff-lineconnection,withhumanbeingsoftenrequiredtoconsummatetheinerface.However,humanbeingsarepresentlyrequiredintheapplicationeithertoprovideinputtothecomputerprogramsortointerpretthecomputeroutputandimplementtherequiredaction.3.VoiceNCProgrammingVoiceprogrammingofNCmachines(abbreviatedVNC)involvesvocalcommunicationofthemachiningproceduretoavoice-inputNCtape-preparationofthemachingproceduretoavoice-inputNCtape-prepartionsystem.VNCallowstheprogrammertoavoidstepssuchasOneoftheprincipalcompaniesspecializinginvoice-inputsystemsisThresholdTechnology,Inc,ofDelran,Newjersey.“turn”,ToperformthepartprogrammingprocesswithVNC,theoperatorspeaksintoaheadbandmicrophonedesignedtoreducebackgroundacousticalnoise.Communicationoftheprogramminginstructionsisinshoplanguagewithsuchtermsas“turn”,“thead”,and“millline”,togetherwithnumberstoprovidedimensionalandcoordinatedata.Beforethevoice-inputsystemcanbeused,Itmustbe“trained”torecognizeandaccepttheindividualprogrammer’svoicepattern.Thisisaccomplishedbyrepeatingeachwordofthevocabularyaboutfivetimestoprovideareferencesetwhichcansubsequentlybecomparedtovoicecommandsgivenduringactualprogramming.Theentirevocabularyforthethresholdsystemcontainsabout100words.MostNCprogrammingjobscanbecompletedbyusingabout30ofthesevocabularywords.Intalkingtothesystem,theprogrammermustisolateeachwordbypausingbeforeandaftertheword.bypausingbeforeandaftertheword.Thepausemustbeonlyone-tenthofasecondorlonger.Thisallowsthespeechrecognitionsystemtoindentifyboundariesfortheboundariesfortheutteredcommandsothatitswavecharacteristicscanbecomparedwithwordsinthereferencesetforthatprogrammer.typicalwordinputratesunderthisrestrictionareclaimedtobeabout70perminute.Asthewordsarespoken,aCRTterminalinfrontofthenextcommand.Whenalloftheprogramminginstructionshavebeenenteredandverified,thesystempreparesthepunchedtapeforthejob.TheAdvantagesofVNClieprincipallyinthethesavingsinprogrammingtimeandresultingimprovementsinmanufacturingleadtime.Savingsinprogrammingtimeupto50%areclaimed.Improventsinaccuracyandlowercomputer-skillrequirementsfortheprogrammerarealsogivenasbenefitsofVNC.譯文：現(xiàn)代設(shè)計(jì)與制造一、計(jì)算機(jī)與制造業(yè)：計(jì)算機(jī)正在將制造業(yè)帶入信息時(shí)代。計(jì)算機(jī)長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)在商業(yè)和管理方面得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用，它正在作為一種新的工具進(jìn)入到工廠中，而且它如同蒸汽機(jī)在100年前使制造業(yè)發(fā)生改變那樣，正在使制造業(yè)發(fā)生著變革。盡管基本的金屬切削過(guò)程不太可能發(fā)生根本的改變，但是他們的組織形式和控制方式將發(fā)生改變。從某一方面可以說(shuō)，制造業(yè)正在完成一個(gè)循環(huán)。最初的制造業(yè)是家庭手工業(yè)：設(shè)計(jì)者本身也是制造者，產(chǎn)品的構(gòu)思與加工由同一人完成。后來(lái)，形成了零件的互換性這個(gè)概念，生產(chǎn)被依照專業(yè)功能分割開(kāi)來(lái)，可以成批的生產(chǎn)數(shù)以千計(jì)的相同的零件。今天，盡管設(shè)計(jì)者與制造者不可能再是同一個(gè)人，但在向集成制造系統(tǒng)前進(jìn)的途中，這兩種功能已經(jīng)越來(lái)越靠近了。可能具有諷刺意味的是，在市場(chǎng)需求高度多樣化的產(chǎn)品的時(shí)候，提高生產(chǎn)率和降低成本的必要性促使著制造業(yè)朝著集成為單調(diào)關(guān)聯(lián)系統(tǒng)方向變化。這是一個(gè)連續(xù)的過(guò)程，在其中零件不需要花費(fèi)多達(dá)95%的生產(chǎn)時(shí)間用在運(yùn)輸和等待加工上。計(jì)算機(jī)是滿足這兩項(xiàng)要求中任何一項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵。它是能夠提供快速反應(yīng)能力、柔性和滿足多樣化市場(chǎng)的唯一工具。而且，它是實(shí)現(xiàn)制造系統(tǒng)集成所需要的、能夠進(jìn)行詳細(xì)分析和利用精確數(shù)據(jù)的唯一工具。在將來(lái)計(jì)算機(jī)可能會(huì)是一個(gè)企業(yè)生存的基本條件，許多現(xiàn)今的企業(yè)將會(huì)被生產(chǎn)能力更高的企業(yè)組合所取代。這些生產(chǎn)能力更高的企業(yè)組合是一些具有非常高的質(zhì)量、非常高的生產(chǎn)率的工廠。目標(biāo)是設(shè)計(jì)和運(yùn)行一個(gè)能夠以高生產(chǎn)率的生產(chǎn)方式100%合格產(chǎn)品的工廠。一個(gè)采用先進(jìn)的、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的世界正在促使制造業(yè)開(kāi)始做更高的工作，使其本身采用先進(jìn)的技術(shù)。為了適應(yīng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，一個(gè)公司會(huì)滿足一些在某種程度上相互矛盾的要求，諸如產(chǎn)品多樣化、提高質(zhì)量、增加生產(chǎn)率、降低價(jià)格。在努力這些要求的過(guò)程中，公司需要一個(gè)采用先進(jìn)技術(shù)的工具，一個(gè)能夠?qū)︻櫩偷男枨笞鞒隹焖俜磻?yīng)，而且從制造資源中獲得最大收益的工具，計(jì)算機(jī)就是這個(gè)工具。成為一個(gè)具有“非常高的質(zhì)量、非常高的生產(chǎn)率”的工廠，需要對(duì)一個(gè)非常復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行集成。這只有通過(guò)采用計(jì)算機(jī)對(duì)機(jī)械制造的所有組成部分—設(shè)計(jì)、加工、裝配、質(zhì)量保證、管理和材料裝卸及輸送進(jìn)行集成才能完成。例如，在產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)期間，交互式的計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)使得完成繪圖和分析工作所需要的時(shí)間比原來(lái)減少了幾倍，而且精確程度得到了很大的提高。此外，樣機(jī)的實(shí)驗(yàn)與評(píng)價(jià)程序進(jìn)一步加快了設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程。在制訂制造計(jì)劃時(shí)，計(jì)算機(jī)輔助編制工藝規(guī)程可以從數(shù)以千計(jì)的工序和加工過(guò)程中選擇最好的加工方案。在車(chē)間里，分布式智能以微處理器這種形式來(lái)控制機(jī)床、操縱自動(dòng)裝卸料設(shè)備和收集關(guān)于當(dāng)前車(chē)間狀態(tài)的信息。但是這些各自獨(dú)立的改革還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠。我們所需要的是有一個(gè)共同的軟件從始端到終端進(jìn)行控制的全部自動(dòng)化的系統(tǒng)。整個(gè)系統(tǒng)都會(huì)從中受益?；旧?，計(jì)算機(jī)集成可以提供廣泛的、及時(shí)的和精確的信息，可以改進(jìn)各部門(mén)之間的交流與溝通，實(shí)施更嚴(yán)格的控制，而且通常能增強(qiáng)整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的全面質(zhì)量和效率。例如，改進(jìn)交流和溝通意味著會(huì)使設(shè)計(jì)具有更好的可制造性。數(shù)控編程人員和工藝裝備設(shè)計(jì)人員有機(jī)會(huì)向產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)人員提出意見(jiàn)，反之亦然。因而可以減少技術(shù)反面的變更，而對(duì)于那些必要的變更，可以更有效地進(jìn)行處理。計(jì)算機(jī)不僅能夠更快地對(duì)變更之處做出詳細(xì)說(shuō)明，而且還能把變更之后的數(shù)據(jù)告訴隨后的使用者。利用及時(shí)更新的生產(chǎn)控制數(shù)據(jù)可以制訂更好的工藝規(guī)程和更有效率的生產(chǎn)進(jìn)度。因而，可以使昂貴的設(shè)備更好的利用，提高零件在生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中運(yùn)送效率，減少在制品的成本。產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量也可以得到改進(jìn)。例如，不僅可以提高設(shè)計(jì)精度，還可以使質(zhì)量保證部門(mén)利用設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，避免由于誤解而產(chǎn)生錯(cuò)誤?？梢允谷藗兏玫耐瓿伤麄兊墓ぷ?。通過(guò)避免冗長(zhǎng)的計(jì)算和書(shū)寫(xiě)工作—這還不算查找資料所浪費(fèi)的時(shí)間—計(jì)算機(jī)不僅使人們更有效的工作，而且還能把他們解放出來(lái)去做只有人類才能做工作：創(chuàng)造性思考。計(jì)算機(jī)集成制造還會(huì)吸引新的人才進(jìn)入制造業(yè)。人才被吸引過(guò)來(lái)的原因是他們希望到一個(gè)現(xiàn)代化的、技術(shù)先進(jìn)的環(huán)境中工作。在制造過(guò)程中，CAD/CAM減少了工藝裝備設(shè)計(jì)、數(shù)控編程和編制工藝規(guī)程所需要的時(shí)間。而且，在同時(shí)加快了響應(yīng)速度，這最終將會(huì)使目前外委加工的工作由公司內(nèi)部人員完成。計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)與制造CAD/CAM是表示計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)和計(jì)算機(jī)輔助制造的專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)。它是一種使用計(jì)算機(jī)完成某些設(shè)計(jì)和生產(chǎn)功能的技術(shù)。在生產(chǎn)企業(yè)里，人們通常把設(shè)計(jì)和制造視為兩項(xiàng)有著明顯不同職能的分工，而這項(xiàng)技術(shù)正朝著設(shè)計(jì)與制造的更大程度一體化方向發(fā)展。最終，CAD/CAM將會(huì)為未來(lái)的計(jì)算機(jī)集成工廠提供技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)。計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)（CAD）可定義為運(yùn)用計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)的創(chuàng)意、修改、分析或優(yōu)化予以輔助。這些有硬件和軟件構(gòu)成的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)，用于完成用戶公司要求的特定設(shè)計(jì)功能。CAD硬件通常包括：一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)，一個(gè)或多個(gè)圖形顯示終端，鍵盤(pán)和其他外圍設(shè)備。CAD軟件包括各種計(jì)算機(jī)制圖程序，這些程序便于用戶公司完成設(shè)計(jì)職能，如：零部件的應(yīng)變分析，機(jī)構(gòu)的動(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng)，熱傳輸計(jì)算和數(shù)控零件編程。由于用戶的生產(chǎn)流程、制造工藝和銷(xiāo)售市場(chǎng)方面的差異，應(yīng)用程序的配制也將因用戶而異。這些因素均導(dǎo)致對(duì)CAD系統(tǒng)要求的差異性。計(jì)算機(jī)輔助制造（CAM）可定義為通過(guò)直接或間接于廠家生產(chǎn)資源相適應(yīng)的計(jì)算機(jī)界面，使用計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)來(lái)規(guī)劃、管理和控制制造工廠的運(yùn)行。正如定義所表明的那樣，CAM應(yīng)用程序可分為兩大類：1、計(jì)算機(jī)監(jiān)控程序；2、制造程序。二者間的區(qū)別是理解計(jì)算機(jī)輔助制造的基礎(chǔ)。計(jì)算機(jī)輔助制造的應(yīng)用程序，除了為監(jiān)控制造過(guò)程而直接使用計(jì)算機(jī)處理界面的應(yīng)用程序之外，還包括在工廠生產(chǎn)運(yùn)行過(guò)程中由計(jì)算機(jī)提供支持的間接應(yīng)用程序。在這些應(yīng)用程序中，計(jì)算機(jī)并不直接與制造過(guò)程相連接。想反，在脫機(jī)狀態(tài)下，計(jì)算機(jī)可用來(lái)提供計(jì)劃書(shū)、進(jìn)度表、預(yù)報(bào)、指令和使廠家生產(chǎn)管理更加有效的信息資料。計(jì)算機(jī)和制造過(guò)程間的如下圖所示。表中虛線用來(lái)說(shuō)明交流和控制處于脫機(jī)狀態(tài)下，需要人來(lái)完善界面。目前，CAM的應(yīng)用需要有人來(lái)為計(jì)算機(jī)輸入程序，解釋計(jì)算機(jī)的輸入，并采取所要求的措施。語(yǔ)音數(shù)控編程語(yǔ)音編程N(yùn)C機(jī)床涉及機(jī)械加工過(guò)程和語(yǔ)音輸入數(shù)控磁帶準(zhǔn)備系統(tǒng)間的語(yǔ)言交流。VNC可使編程員免除手工編程、鍵盤(pán)輸入或打字以及人工檢驗(yàn)等步驟。美國(guó)新澤西州德?tīng)柼m市的斯萊肖德股份有限公司便是一家專門(mén)研發(fā)語(yǔ)音輸入系統(tǒng)的大公司。使用VNC完成零件編程，操作者頭帶耳機(jī)話筒錄音，可減弱背靜雜音。編程指令的交流使用像“turn”,“thread”和“millling”等加工車(chē)間使用的專門(mén)術(shù)語(yǔ)，同時(shí)提供車(chē)間和坐標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)。在使用語(yǔ)音輸入系統(tǒng)前，該系統(tǒng)必須接受“訓(xùn)練”來(lái)識(shí)別和接受編程員的聲音模式?！坝?xùn)練”時(shí)編程員把每個(gè)行話詞重復(fù)大約五遍，作為參照數(shù)據(jù)組，隨后實(shí)際編程時(shí)系統(tǒng)將給出語(yǔ)音指令與參照數(shù)據(jù)組進(jìn)行比較。系統(tǒng)的全部行話詞匯包括大約100個(gè)單詞。大部分的數(shù)控編程工作使用其中的30個(gè)左右的行話詞匯便可以完成。和系統(tǒng)交談時(shí)，編程員必須在說(shuō)出的詞前和詞后停頓來(lái)隔離每個(gè)詞。停頓時(shí)間不能少于1/10秒。停頓使語(yǔ)音識(shí)別系統(tǒng)能確認(rèn)發(fā)出的語(yǔ)音指令的界線以便語(yǔ)音指令聲波特征能與該編程員參照組中的單詞進(jìn)行比較。據(jù)稱在這種限制下，常規(guī)的單詞輸入速度大約每分中70個(gè)詞。隨著單詞的輸入，操作者面前的CRT(陰極射線管—顯示器)終端驗(yàn)證每一個(gè)指令并提示操作者發(fā)出下一個(gè)指令。當(dāng)輸入和驗(yàn)證所有編程指令后，系統(tǒng)就會(huì)準(zhǔn)備好穿孔紙帶以備工作。VNC的優(yōu)點(diǎn)主要在于節(jié)省編程時(shí)間并由此縮短產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)至實(shí)際投產(chǎn)時(shí)間。準(zhǔn)確度的提高和對(duì)編程者計(jì)算機(jī)技能要求較低也被視為VNC的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。INTERNETusedtobuildVBapplications【Abstract】DevelopmentofInternettechnologyastheprogrammertoprovideabroaderspacefortheirskill.Earlier"InternetApplications"isthewordrefertothosewithFTPprotocoltodownloadfilesorbrowsetheHTMLpagetool,nowuseVisualBasic,notonlythedevelopmentofapplicationsfortheInternet,butalsotheintegrationofInternettechnologyaspartoflarge-scalesolutionsin.【KeyWords】Internet;VisualBasic;ActiveXcomponents;technology;procedures.ThedevelopmentofInternettechnologyastheprogrammertoprovideabroaderspacefortheirskill.Earlier"InternetApplications"isthewordrefertothosewithFTPprotocoltodownloadfilesorbrowsetheHTMLpagetool,nowuseVisualBasic,notonlythedevelopmentofapplicationsfortheInternet,butalsotheintegrationofInternettechnologyaspartoflarge-scalesolution.HerethequestionstobediscussedistheuseofVisualBasictocreateapplicationsfortheInternetplayanimportantroleintheActiveXcomponent.Forexample,thecreationofActiveXcontrolscanbeusedforHTMLpages;thedevelopmentofActiveXdocumentscanbeusedinInternetbrowsersandothercomponentsintegratedtogetherandHTMLpages;otherActiveXcodecomponents(formerlyknownasOLEserver),canbedeployedtheclientorservercomputer,forbackgroundprocessing.A,InternetDevelopmentEnvironmentInternetistheuseofTCP/IPprotocol,aglobalnon-centralizedmanagementofcomputernetworks.Ifforthelocal,theso-called"InternetTechnology"andlocalLANcanbeusedinthesametechnology.

Ontheonehand,Internettechnologydeveloperstoprovideaspacefortheirskill.IftheWebconnectionandtheuseofActiveXcomponents,althoughthespecificmethodstoachievedifferent,suchastheuseofHTMLandVBScriptcodeinordertoachievesecurity,butstillcallthemethod,setproperties,handleeventsandsoon.This,VBdevelopersofallknowledgeandskillshavebeenusedinInternetenvironment.Ontheotherhand,anextensionoftheapplicationofInternettechnologydevelopment.SuchasActiveXcomponentsandInternettechnologieshavethefollowingbenefits:easiertomaintain-asaWebpartofthenecessarycomponentscanbedownloadedwithouttheuserrunasetupprogramtoupgrade;willfeatureextendedtotheInternet-throughtheGeneralAgreement,theuserwillnotseeinbetweentheInternetandIntranetswitch.Second,Internetclient/serverCanuseclient/servertotesttherelationshipbetweentheInternetdevelopmentenvironment,clientandservercanhave"static"and"the"twostates.Theactivitiesoftheclientortheservermaychangeitsinternalstateanddynamically,orrunascripttochangetheirbehavior;staticclientortheserverisonlyincentivetorespondtotheoutsideworld.

Internetdevelopment,includingfourcases:astaticandpassiveclientserver;staticclientserverandactivities;theactivitiesoftheclientandtheserverstatic;activitiesandactivitiesoftheclientserver.Third,theuseofActiveXcomponentsWeb.ActiveXcomponentsforInternettechnologybringsnewfeatures.DownloadedthroughtheInternetcomponents,super-connected,themenufeaturesavarietyofconsultations,theActiveXcomponentsandInternetintegration,andcontentandapplicationshasbecomeincreasinglyblurredlinebetween;anothersitedueto(intheclientandserverbetween)thedistributionfunction,youcancreateamorescalableandflexiblesite.

InternetapplicationsintheuseofActiveXdocuments,canbedevelopedandtheInternet/IntranetsiteoftheotherelementsofthetightintegrationofVisualBasicapplications.Developedtheuseofthesecomponentsoftheapplication,userscantransparentlyintheHTMLpagesandActiveXdocumentsmigrationbetween.

ActiveXdocumentscanbeasaVisualBasicapplicationfortheInternettoprovidealmoststandardnowtocompletetheworkoftheapplicationcanachieveusingActiveXdocuments.AsanHTMLpageelements,iftheuser'sclientdoesnotinstallActiveXdocuments,andcanbedownloadedfromtheInternetautomatically;iftheclientontheolderversioncanalsobeautomaticallyupgraded.??ActiveXdocumentprovidesmanyfeaturestoinstallandnavigationperformance,andtoensurecontinuedconsistency:

Internetcomponentdownload-cancreatealinktotheActiveXdocument,sothatthebrowsercanautomaticallyfindanddownloadalltherequiredcomponents.

Ultra-connectedobjects-inasuper-connectedpacket-awarecontainer,youcanuseVisualBasictoconnectthesuper-objectpropertiesandmethods,JumptoagivenURLorthroughthenavigationhistorylist.

Menuandconsultation-asaresultcangetWordorExceldocument,VisualBasicprovidestheActiveXDocumentembeddingitsmenuinyourbrowsermenufunctions.Forexample,whenbeingloadedintothedocumentinInternetExplorer,thebrowser'smenuwillbecreatedwiththeActiveXdocumentmixedmenu.

PropertyBag-WheninInternetExplorerinthedeploymentofActiveXdocument,PropertyBagcanmaintaintheconsistencyofdataobjects.InInternetExplorerinthedeploymentofanActiveXdocumenttoHTMLpagethroughasuper-connectiontoconnecttotheActiveXdocument.1.TouseHTMLtocreatequoteconnecttheActiveXdocument.DocumentwillbeasaresultofActiveXinInternetExplorertoreplacetheHTMLpage,sotoOBJECTtagsoncomponentsofanotherHTMLpage.WhentheJumptothepage,oncetheActiveXdocumentisloaded,itwillimmediatelydisappear.

2.UsingHTMLforthebrowseravailablefordownload,registrationandnavigationtothewaytheActiveXdocument.OBJECTtagintheActiveXdocumentshouldindicatethetypeofIDandtheCODEBASEattribute.

3.Inthesamepage,InternetExplorerusingVBScriptinstructionsimmediatelythroughtheappropriatenavigationvbdfiletotheActiveXdocument.Fourth,intheInternetapplicationsuseActiveXcontrols.ActiveXcontrolforadynamicHTMLpage:theadoptionofHTMLandVBScript,inanHTMLpagecanuseActiveXcontrols,setitsproperties,callitsmethodsanditsevents;acontrolthatcontainstheHTMLpageasifthedesignofaVisualBasicthewindow,ActiveXcontrolscanprovidemorevividandinteractiveuserinterfacefeaturestomakeHTMLpagesmoredynamic.

GeneralHTMLandVBScriptbymeansofacomprehensivereferenceandcontrolthebehaviorofActiveXcontrols.TheuseofHTMLforthebrowseravailablefordownload,registrationandreferencechannelsquotedActiveXcontrols.HTMLcodeintheOBJECTtagtoinclude:1.ControlthetypeofID,inordertoprocesstheregistryinWindowstofindthem;

2.IDattributesinordertoinvokethecontrolinVBScript(VisualBasicissimilartotheNameattribute);

3.CODEBASEattributetotellifthecomponentisnotthebrowserclienttofindwheretogo;

4.PARAMNAMElabel,setthepropertiesofthecontrolparameters.

PreparedtodealwithandthenuseVBScriptcodeclickeventssothateachcontrolbyclick,theprogramcanbeusedforthecorrespondingaction.isualBasicProfessionalEditionalsoincludesthreepre-designedpackagesforcontrolofInternetrelatedtechnologies,toexpandexistingapplications,theyare:

InternetTransferControl-threeparcelsofcommonInternetprotocol:HTTP,FTPandGopher;

WebBrowserControl-includesmanyavailablethroughtheInternetExplorerfeatures;

WinSockControl-canconnecttoaremotemachine,andthenthroughtheUDPorTCPtoexchangedata.

ThroughtheuseofthesecontrolscanbeaddedautomaticallyfromtheFTPsitetodownloadfiles,VisualBasicIDEcanalsoprovideWebbrowserAdd-in.

InternetapplicationsintheuseofActiveXcodecomponents,whethertheclientortheserverside,youcanuseActiveXcodecomponents(dllorexefiles),soastoaddfeaturesHTMLpage.Thedeploymentofcodeontheclientcomponents,thereisnoneedasaresultofusercommandsaretransmittedoverthenetworkbacktotheserver,socangreatlyimprovethespeed.Server-sidecomponentcanalsodisplaytheuserinterfacefunctionsofvisualelements.BydownloadingaDLL,canbeaddedintheHTMLpagetheuserinterfaceelements,suchasalogondialogbox;alsoprovidebehind-the-scenesclientprocessingpower,suchasalibrarywithVBScript.

AnotherDLLandInternettechnologywillbecombinedwiththewayitdeployedintheserver-side.IfthereisInternetInformationServer(IIS)(includedinWindowsNTServer4.0in),throughVisualBasiccustomsToolsdiskdirectoryOleisapi2dllinVisualBasictocallDLLbuilt-infunction.

Oleisapi2dllcontainsallthefunctionsISAPI.DLLcanbedeployedintheHTTPserver,andHTMLpageinformationsenttocallitsmethods.Oleisapi2dllasaclient,therequesttotheinterfacebetweentheDLL.BasedonduetocodeHTML,theserequestsisonlyasimpleURL.

Throughserver-sideDLL,canprovidecustomerswithcustomizedparametersbacktotheclient'sHTMLpage,butalsocanmanagethedatabaseconnection,therequesttoreceiveandreturntheresultsofthecollationandorganization.References[1]Chen.VisaulBasicProgramming[M].CentralRadioandTelevision[2]JinMaozhong.NETProgramming[M].CentralRadioandTVPress,2004.[3]DingAIping.VisaulBasicProgramming(2ndedition)[M].PublishingHouseofElectronicsIndustry,2004.[4]WenyuanPavilionstudio.ReamweaverXM2004cheatextensionwith[M].China用VB構(gòu)建INTERNET的應(yīng)用【摘要】發(fā)展Internet技術(shù)為編程人員提供了更廣泛的施展身手的空間。早先“Internet應(yīng)用程序"這個(gè)詞只是指一些用FTP協(xié)議下載文件或?yàn)g覽HTML頁(yè)面的工具，如今使用VisualBasic，不僅可為Internet開(kāi)發(fā)應(yīng)用程序，還可把Internet技術(shù)作為一部分融入大型的解決方案中。【關(guān)鍵詞】Internet；VisualBasic；ActiveX組件；技術(shù)；程序發(fā)展Internet技術(shù)為編程人員提供了更廣泛的施展身手的空間。早先“Internet應(yīng)用程序"這個(gè)詞只是指一些用FTP協(xié)議下載文件或?yàn)g覽HTML頁(yè)面的工具，如今使用VisualBasic，不僅可為Internet開(kāi)發(fā)應(yīng)用程序，還可把Internet技術(shù)作為一部分融入大型的解決方案中。這里所要討論的問(wèn)題是利用VisualBasic創(chuàng)建面向Internet應(yīng)用起重要作用的ActiveX組件。例如，所創(chuàng)建的ActiveX控件可用于HTML頁(yè)面；開(kāi)發(fā)ActiveX文檔可以在Internet瀏覽器中使用并與其他組件一起和HTML頁(yè)面集成；另外ActiveX代碼組件(以前被稱為OLE服務(wù)器),可以被部署在客戶端或服務(wù)器端的計(jì)算機(jī)上，用于后臺(tái)的處理。一、Internet開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境Internet是使用TCP/IP協(xié)議、全球性非集中管理的計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。如果用于局部,所謂“Internet技術(shù)"完全可以和本地局域網(wǎng)中所使用的技術(shù)一樣。一方面,Internet技術(shù)為開(kāi)發(fā)人員提供了一個(gè)施展身手的空間。如果和Web連接時(shí)使用了ActiveX組件，盡管具體實(shí)現(xiàn)的方法有所不同，如采用了HTML和VBScript代碼以實(shí)現(xiàn)安全性等，但仍然在調(diào)用方法、設(shè)置屬性、處理事件等等。這樣，VB開(kāi)發(fā)人員所有的知識(shí)和技能都被用于Internet環(huán)境。另一方面，應(yīng)用Internet技術(shù)可延伸開(kāi)發(fā)工作。如將ActiveX組件和Internet技術(shù)綜合有以下益處：更簡(jiǎn)單維護(hù)——作為Web一部分的組件可以根據(jù)需要下載，無(wú)須用戶運(yùn)行一個(gè)setup程序進(jìn)行升級(jí);將功能延伸至Internet——通過(guò)通用協(xié)議，用戶將看不見(jiàn)在Internet和Intranet之間的切換。二、Internet客戶/服務(wù)器可以借用客戶機(jī)/服務(wù)器的關(guān)系來(lái)考查Internet的開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境，客戶端和服務(wù)器端都可以有“靜態(tài)的"和“活動(dòng)的"兩種狀態(tài)?；顒?dòng)的客戶機(jī)或服務(wù)器可據(jù)其內(nèi)部狀態(tài)的改變而動(dòng)態(tài)地運(yùn)行一個(gè)腳本或是改變其行為；靜態(tài)的客戶機(jī)或服務(wù)器僅僅只是對(duì)外界激勵(lì)作出反應(yīng)。Internet開(kāi)發(fā)包括四種情形：靜態(tài)的客戶機(jī)