高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀每日練習(xí)導(dǎo)學(xué)案12（適合基礎(chǔ)一般的學(xué)生）

閱讀理解每日練12Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsago.Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes(基因)，theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.PeopleinEthiopianhighlandshaveadaptedtolivingathighaltitudes.CattleraisingpeopleinEastAfricaandnorthernEuropehavegainedamutation(突變)thathelpsthemdigestmilkasadults.OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaptation—nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.AgroupofseadwellingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberinthehundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they'vealsobuilthousesonstilts(支柱)incoastalwaters."Theyaresimplyastrangertotheland,"saidRodneyC.Jubilado,aUniversityofHawaiiresearcherwhostudiestheBajau.Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.Theymadealivingasdivers,spearfishingorharvestingshellfish."Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders,"Dr.Jubiladosaid.“Icouldseethemactuallywalkingunderthesea."In2015,MelissaIlardo,thenagraduatestudentingeneticsattheUniversityofCopenhagen.heardabouttheBajau.Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionofphysicalcharacteristicsthatmadethetaskeasierforthem."Itseemedliketheperfectchancefornaturalselectiontoactonapopulation,”saidDr.Ilardo.ShealsosaidtherewerelikelyanumberofothergenesthathelptheBajaudive.1.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinparagraph1?A.Environmentaladaptationofcattleraisers.B.Newknowledgeofhumanevolution.C.Recentfindingsofhumanorigin.D.Significanceoffoodselection.2.WheredotheBajaubuildtheirhouses?A.Invalleys.B.Nearrivers.C.Onthebeach.D.Offthecoast.3.WhywastheyoungJubiladoastonishedattheBajau?A.Theycouldwalkonstiltsallday.B.Theyhadasuperbwayoffishing.C.Theycouldstaylongunderwater.D.Theylivedonbothlandandwater.4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.BodiesRemodeledforaLifeatSea.B.Highlanders'SurvivalSkills.C.BasicMethodsofGeneticResearch.D.TheWorld'sBestDivers.單詞梳理Para11.productn.產(chǎn)品2.evolutionn.進(jìn)化3.occuroccurredv.發(fā)生4.billionsof數(shù)十億的5.yearn.年6.ago之前7.as隨著8.scientistn.科學(xué)家9.lookinto深入研究10.deeperadj.更深的11.findfoundv.發(fā)現(xiàn)12.examplen.例子13.humann.人類14.evolutionn.進(jìn)化15.pastadj.過(guò)去的16.thousandyears數(shù)千年17.peoplen.人18.highlandn.高地19.adapttodoingsth適應(yīng)做某事20.livev.居住，生活21.highadj.高的22.altituden.緯度23.cattleraisingadj.養(yǎng)牛的24.EastAfrica東非25.northernEurope北歐26.gainv.獲得27.helpsbdosth幫助某人做某事28.digestv.消化29.as像…一樣30.adultn.成年人Para231.onThursday在星期四32.anarticle一篇文章33.publishv.出版34.Cell《細(xì)胞》雜志35.ateamof一組36.researchern.研究者37.reportv.報(bào)告38.anewkindof一種新的…39.adaptationn.適應(yīng)40.airn.空氣41.foodn.食物42.oceann.海洋43.agroupof一群44.seadwellingadj.住在海上的45.SoutheastAsia東南亞46.evolveinto進(jìn)化成為47.divern.潛水者48.numberv.總計(jì)49.hundredsofthousand成百上千的50.traditionallyadv.傳統(tǒng)地51.liveon住在…上52.houseboatn.船屋53.inrecenttimes最近54.buildbuiltv.建造55.housen.房子56.coastaladj.沿海的57.watersn.水域58.simplyadv.簡(jiǎn)單地59.strangern.陌生人60.landn.陸地61.UniversityofHawaii夏威夷大學(xué)62.researchern.研究者63.studystudiesv.研究Para364.firstadj.第一65.meetmetv.遇見(jiàn)66.while當(dāng)…時(shí)候67.growup長(zhǎng)大68.islandn.島69.makealiving謀生70.as作為71.divern.潛水員72.spearfishing長(zhǎng)矛捕魚73.harvestv.收獲74.shellfishn.貝類75.amazedadj.感到吃驚的76.stayv.停留77.underwatern.水下，海底78.longadj.長(zhǎng)的79.localadj.當(dāng)?shù)氐?0.islandern.島民81.underwatern.水下，海底82.walkv.行走83.underthesea海底Para484.then那個(gè)時(shí)候85.graduatestudent研究生86.geneticsn.遺傳學(xué)87.theUniversityofCopenhagen88.hearabout聽(tīng)說(shuō)89.wonderv.想知道90.if是否91.centurycenturiesn.世紀(jì)92.divingn.潛水93.lead(led)to導(dǎo)致94.evolutionn.進(jìn)化95.physicaladj.身體的96.characteristicsn.特征97.taskn.任務(wù)98.easyeasieradj.更容易99.makesthadjforsb使某事對(duì)于某人…100.therewere有101.likelyadj.可能的102.anumberof一些103.otheradj.其他的104.genen.基因105.helpsbdosth幫助某人做某事106.divev.潛水題目107.authorn.作者108.by通過(guò)109.examplen.例子110.environmentaladj.環(huán)境的111.adaptationn.適應(yīng)112.cattleraiser養(yǎng)牛人113.knowledgen.知識(shí)114.humann.人類115.evolutionn.進(jìn)化116.recentadj.最近的117.findingn.發(fā)現(xiàn)118.humann.人類119.originn.起源120.significancen.重要性，意義121.selectionn.選擇122.buildbuiltv.建造123.housen.房子124.invalleys在山谷里125.nearrivers在河邊126.onthebeach在海灘上127.offthecoast沿海岸128.astonishedadj.感到吃驚的129.beastonishedat對(duì)…感到吃驚130.walkonstilts踩高蹺走131.allday一整天132.superbadj.極棒的133.wayn.方法134.fishingn.捕魚135.staylong長(zhǎng)時(shí)間停留136.underwatern.水下，海底137.landn.陸地138.suitableadj.合適的139.titlen.標(biāo)題140.textn.文章141.bodybodiesn.身體142.remodelv.改變形狀/結(jié)構(gòu)143.alifeatsea海上生活144.highlandern.高地人145.survivaladj.生存的146.skilln.技巧147.basicadj.基礎(chǔ)的148.methodn.方法149.geneticadj.基因的150.researchn.研究151.divern.潛水者一.重點(diǎn)句子1.PeopleinEthiopianhighlandshaveadaptedto(live)athighaltitudes.考點(diǎn)：譯：2.CattleraisingpeopleinEastAfricaandnorthernEuropehavegainedamutation(突變)that(help)themdigestmilkasadults.考點(diǎn)：名詞短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)：譯：3.TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberinthehundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they(build)housesonstilts(支柱)incoastalwaters.考點(diǎn)：they指的是譯：4.Dr.Jubiladofirst(meet)theBajauwhile(grow)uponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.Theymadealivingasdivers,(spearfish)or(harvest)shellfish.考點(diǎn)1：考點(diǎn)2：考點(diǎn)3：譯：5.Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwaterlongerthanuslocalislanders.考點(diǎn)：譯：6.Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionofphysicalcharacteristicsthat(make)thetaskeasierforthem.考點(diǎn)：名詞短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)：譯：二.仿寫1.當(dāng)進(jìn)入大學(xué)的時(shí)候，你可以通過(guò)積極參加各種社團(tuán)活動(dòng)來(lái)適應(yīng)大學(xué)的新環(huán)境。2.在近20年間，中國(guó)經(jīng)歷了飛速地發(fā)展。3.《今日中國(guó)》有著全球的讀者群，這說(shuō)明全球越來(lái)越多的人想要了解中國(guó)。4.像古代的船員一樣，鳥類可以利用太陽(yáng)和星星找到他們的路。5.北京的冬天要比上海的冬天冷得多。答案一.譯文我們是進(jìn)化的產(chǎn)物，而不僅僅是數(shù)十億年前發(fā)生的進(jìn)化。隨著科學(xué)家深入研究我們的基因，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了人類在過(guò)去幾千年里進(jìn)化的例子。埃塞俄比亞高地的人們已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了高海拔地區(qū)的生活。東非和北歐的養(yǎng)牛人已經(jīng)獲得了一種突變，可以幫助他們像成年人一樣消化牛奶。周四在《細(xì)胞》雜志上發(fā)表的一篇文章中，一個(gè)研究小組報(bào)告了一種新的適應(yīng)方式，不是對(duì)空氣或食物的適應(yīng)，而是對(duì)海洋的適應(yīng)。東南亞的一群生活在海上的人已經(jīng)進(jìn)化成了更好的潛水員。這些人被稱為巴焦人，在印度尼西亞、馬來(lái)西亞和菲律賓有數(shù)十萬(wàn)人。他們傳統(tǒng)上住在船上；最近，他們還在沿海水域的高蹺上建造房屋。夏威夷大學(xué)研究巴焦人的研究員朱比爾多說(shuō)：“他們對(duì)這片土地只是一個(gè)陌生人?！敝毂葼柖嗖┦渴窃诜坡少e薩馬爾島長(zhǎng)大的，第一次見(jiàn)到巴焦人。他們以潛水員、長(zhǎng)矛捕魚或捕撈貝類為生，“我們很驚訝他們能在水下呆得比我們當(dāng)?shù)貚u民長(zhǎng)得多?！敝毂葼柖嗖┦空f(shuō)，“我能看到他們?cè)诤５仔凶??！?015年，時(shí)任哥本哈根大學(xué)遺傳學(xué)研究生的梅麗莎拉多聽(tīng)說(shuō)了巴焦人。她想知道幾個(gè)世紀(jì)的潛水是否會(huì)導(dǎo)致身體特征的進(jìn)化，從而使這項(xiàng)任務(wù)變得更容易，“這似乎是自然選擇作用于一個(gè)種群的最佳機(jī)會(huì)，”拉多博士說(shuō)。她還說(shuō)可能還有其他一些基因可以幫助巴焦人潛水。1.作者想通過(guò)第一段中的例子告訴我們什么?A.養(yǎng)牛人的環(huán)境適應(yīng)。B.人類進(jìn)化的新知識(shí)。C.人類起源的最新發(fā)現(xiàn)。D.食物選擇的重要性。2.巴焦人在哪里建造他們的房子?A.在山谷。B.在河邊。C.在海灘上。D.沿海岸。3.為什么年輕的朱比爾多對(duì)巴焦人感到驚訝?A.他們可以踩著高蹺走一整天。B.他們釣魚的方法很好。C.他們可以在水下呆很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。D.他們既生活在陸地上也生活在水中。4.哪個(gè)是適合這篇文章的標(biāo)題?A.為適應(yīng)海上生活而進(jìn)行的身體重塑。B.高地人們的生存技能。C.遺傳學(xué)研究的基本方法。D.世界上最好的潛水員。二.答案和解析1.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes(基因),theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.可知，隨著科學(xué)家深入研究我們的基因，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了人類在過(guò)去幾千年里進(jìn)化的例子，隨后舉2例說(shuō)明，故文章第一段中作者想通過(guò)舉例告訴我們?nèi)祟愡M(jìn)化的新知識(shí)，故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)，“養(yǎng)牛者對(duì)環(huán)境的適應(yīng)”，C項(xiàng)，“人類起源的最新發(fā)現(xiàn)”，D項(xiàng)，“食物選擇的意義”，均不符合題意。故正確答案為B。2.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第四句Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they'vealsobuilthousesonstilts(支柱)incoastalwaters.可知，他們傳統(tǒng)上住在船屋上；最近，他們還在沿海水域的支柱上建造房屋。D項(xiàng)符合文意。故正確答案為D。3.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第三段第二句Theymadealivingasdivers,spearfishingorharvestingshellfish,"Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders."表明，他們以潛水、魚叉捕魚或采貝類為生，“他們能比我們這些本地的島民在水下待的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)得多，這使我們很驚奇”，其中amazed與題干astonished同義。故正確答案為C。4.A主旨大意題。本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，文章開(kāi)頭講述了科學(xué)家深入研究我們的基因后發(fā)現(xiàn)了人類在過(guò)去幾千年里進(jìn)化的例子，從第二段到第四段主要圍繞Bajau族群人適應(yīng)海洋生活的例子。A項(xiàng)意為“為適應(yīng)海上生活而重新塑造的軀體”，符合文章中心。B項(xiàng)“高地人的生存技能”，C項(xiàng)“遺傳研究的基本方法”，D項(xiàng)“世界上最好的潛水員”，均不能準(zhǔn)確完整概括文意。故正確答案為A。單詞梳理Para11.product2.evolution3.occuroccurred4.billionsof5.year6.ago7.as8.scientist9.lookinto10.deeper11.findfound12.example13.human14.evolution15.past16.thousandyears17.people18.highland19.adapttodoingsth20.live21.high22.altitude23.cattleraising24.EastAfrica25.northernEurope26.gain27.helpsbdosth28.digest29.as30.adultPara231.onThursday32.anarticle33.publish34.Cell35.ateamof36.researcher37.report38.anewkindof39.adaptation40.air41.food42.ocean43.agroupof44.seadwelling45.SoutheastAsia46.evolveinto47.diver48.number49.hundredsofthousand的50.traditionally51.liveon52.houseboat53.inrecenttimes54.buildbuilt55.house56.coastal57.waters58.simply59.stranger60.land61.UniversityofHawaii62.researcher63.studystudiesPara364.first65.meetmet66.while67.growup68.island69.makealiving70.as71.diver72.spearfishing73.harvest74.shellfish75.amazed76.stay77.underwater78.long79.local80.islander81.underwater82.walk83.undertheseaPara484.then85.graduatestudent86.genetics87.theUniversityofCopenhagen88.hearabout89.wonder90.if91.centurycenturies92.diving93.lead(led)to94.evolution95.physical96.characteris