高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題型解讀、解題技巧及練習(xí)(教師版)

中學(xué)閱讀理解題型解讀（老師版）（一）閱讀是獲得更綜合、更困難、更精確信息的必要手段，考生在做閱讀理解時(shí)，不僅要看懂文章的字面意思，還須要針對(duì)不同題材和體裁的篇目運(yùn)用不同的方法作出正確的選擇。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，詞匯、閱讀速度和理解實(shí)力是閱讀理解中三個(gè)最重要且有相互聯(lián)系的因素。

閱讀的方法可以運(yùn)用以下幾種：

1.跳讀：就是快速的一步閱讀法。事實(shí)上是有選擇閱讀，找關(guān)鍵詞。用這種閱讀方法回答who、what、when、where之類(lèi)的問(wèn)題最為有效。

2.略讀：指比跳讀慢些的二步閱讀法。即泛泛地、粗略地快速閱讀，目的是了解大意，對(duì)文章有個(gè)總的概念。此種閱讀方法能回答why、how之類(lèi)的問(wèn)題。

3.精讀：即最細(xì)致、最慢的深層閱讀方法，目的是求得對(duì)所讀文章的全部意義的理解與駕馭。

在運(yùn)用閱讀技巧時(shí)盡量做到以下幾點(diǎn)：

1.帶著問(wèn)題閱讀短文。

2.找出主題句、確定中心思想。

3.推斷單詞、句子和文章的含義。

4.盡快選擇答案。

（二）不同體裁文章的特點(diǎn)及解題技巧

1.記敘文

記敘文又可分傳記類(lèi)和故事類(lèi)。

傳記類(lèi)文章在閱讀中時(shí)間是全文的關(guān)鍵，依據(jù)時(shí)間我們可以找到相關(guān)的事務(wù)，抓住文章的主要內(nèi)容。故事類(lèi)文章情節(jié)性較強(qiáng)，閱讀時(shí)要留意故事中的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物和發(fā)生的事務(wù)，這些都是文章中的主要內(nèi)容和信息，對(duì)于精確理解文章特別重要。

2.說(shuō)明文

說(shuō)明文是對(duì)事物的形態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征、成果或功用等進(jìn)行介紹，說(shuō)明或闡述的文章。把握所說(shuō)明事物的特征和本質(zhì)是理解說(shuō)明文的關(guān)鍵。說(shuō)明事物特征的方法很多，主要有定義法、說(shuō)明法、比較法、比方法、數(shù)字法、圖表法、引用法和舉例法等。

數(shù)字說(shuō)明文

在閱讀數(shù)字說(shuō)明文時(shí)要特殊留意文中數(shù)字的含義，從這些數(shù)字中可以找到文章的主要內(nèi)容。

說(shuō)明說(shuō)明文

說(shuō)明說(shuō)明文著重說(shuō)明事物的本質(zhì)、特征和功用等。很多科普文章都屬于這一類(lèi)。在閱讀這類(lèi)文章時(shí)要學(xué)會(huì)解決what,

how,

why

等一類(lèi)的問(wèn)題。它們是文章的關(guān)鍵。如能帶著這些問(wèn)題閱讀，將會(huì)更快速抓住文章的主題。

比較說(shuō)明文

比較說(shuō)明文是通過(guò)對(duì)比方法說(shuō)明問(wèn)題。在閱讀這類(lèi)文章時(shí)要擅長(zhǎng)把握全篇陳述的基本傾向。作者在談?wù)撘粋€(gè)有爭(zhēng)議的問(wèn)題時(shí)總要顧及到爭(zhēng)議的各個(gè)方面。但是，在一般狀況下，作者的陳述總要傾向于某一種觀(guān)點(diǎn)。

3.應(yīng)用文

應(yīng)用文涉及的范圍比較廣，包括廣告、通知、書(shū)信等。應(yīng)用文一般語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔，省略及不規(guī)范的句子較多。閱讀時(shí)一般要求考生全面駕馭文章中供應(yīng)的信息，并運(yùn)用這些信息去解決問(wèn)題。因此對(duì)題干的理解尤為重要。閱讀理解的考題分為客觀(guān)理解題(是指在短文中客觀(guān)存在的事實(shí)，客觀(guān)信息的答案一般都可以在原文中找到。即理解文中的詳細(xì)事實(shí)或抽象概念)和主觀(guān)理解題(這類(lèi)問(wèn)題都不行能干脆從原文中找到答案，須通過(guò)閱讀文章對(duì)文章主旨和深層含義有更深理解，并據(jù)此進(jìn)行推斷和推理)。其中細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題和揣測(cè)詞義題屬于客觀(guān)題；主旨大意題和推理推斷題屬于主觀(guān)題。針對(duì)不同類(lèi)型的題目，要在平常的練習(xí)過(guò)程中，結(jié)合詳細(xì)的題目，給學(xué)生進(jìn)行解題方法的指導(dǎo)和講解。對(duì)于客觀(guān)題，要提示他們閱讀時(shí)關(guān)注文章的細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)，如時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或一些詳細(xì)數(shù)字，在選擇答案時(shí)，務(wù)必從原文中找到準(zhǔn)確的依據(jù)。我們可將閱讀理解歸納為以下四大題型，依據(jù)閱讀理解題考查角度的不同，可采納不同的解題技巧來(lái)應(yīng)付。Ⅰ.事實(shí)細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)題屬于細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)類(lèi)型的閱讀理解題一般只針對(duì)某個(gè)特定的細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)，題型可以多種多樣。此類(lèi)題型一般分兩種。第一種是干脆理解題，在原文中可以干脆找到答案。其次種是詞義轉(zhuǎn)換題，正確選項(xiàng)是原文有關(guān)詞語(yǔ)和句子的轉(zhuǎn)換。做此類(lèi)試題肯定要抓住事務(wù)發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、發(fā)展過(guò)程和結(jié)局等環(huán)節(jié)，所選答案肯定要符合原文，切不行望文生義。這類(lèi)題型的主要提問(wèn)方式常為：①Whichofthefollowingistrue/NOTtrueinthepassage?②WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTdiscussed/mentionedinthepassage?③Whichistherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage?④AllthefollowingstatementsareNOTtrueexcept

.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)題的破解一般采納尋讀法，即先看試題，再讀文章。對(duì)有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定位，再將相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行整合、甄別、分析、對(duì)比，有根有據(jù)地解除干擾項(xiàng)，選出正確答案。此法加強(qiáng)了閱讀的針對(duì)性，提高了做題的精確率，節(jié)約了珍貴的時(shí)間。尋讀法還特殊適用于對(duì)圖形表格類(lèi)題材的理解。做此類(lèi)型的題目還要特殊留意句子的邏輯關(guān)系。英語(yǔ)中有很多功能詞，如：表因果關(guān)系的because,since,as等；表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的but,however,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand等等。Ⅱ.揣測(cè)詞義題在高考閱讀題中，考生遇到的最大障礙往往有兩個(gè)：一是被已相識(shí)的單詞的某一熟知含義所誤導(dǎo)；二是被完全不相識(shí)的單詞的意思所阻礙，從而出現(xiàn)理解偏差或理解困難，影響閱讀的速度。其實(shí)解決這兩個(gè)困難的一個(gè)重要法寶是考生在心目中樹(shù)立起上下文觀(guān)念，要學(xué)會(huì)"順藤摸瓜"，通過(guò)構(gòu)詞，語(yǔ)法，定義，同位，對(duì)比，因果，常識(shí)，上下文等線(xiàn)索確定詞義。在閱讀解題時(shí)要留意從以下七個(gè)方面著手：1）依據(jù)定義或說(shuō)明、說(shuō)明揣測(cè)生詞的詞義在be，becalled，call等推斷詞出現(xiàn)的推斷句中，或定語(yǔ)從句及標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，可以依據(jù)已知部分，揣測(cè)生詞的含義。例如：Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.通過(guò)理解定語(yǔ)從句的意思，能猜出herdsman是“牧人”。2）依據(jù)對(duì)比關(guān)系揣測(cè)生詞的詞義在but，however，yet，otherwise，though這些表示意義轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞出現(xiàn)的句子中，其前后的詞有明顯對(duì)比關(guān)系，依據(jù)已知的內(nèi)容，通過(guò)這種對(duì)比關(guān)系，就很簡(jiǎn)單猜誕生詞的詞義了。例如：ThoughTom’sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.和clean意思相對(duì)的便是“骯臟的”了，因此可猜出句中g(shù)rubby的意思是“骯臟的”。3）通過(guò)因果關(guān)系揣測(cè)詞義because,since與as是連接緣由狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞，so是連接表示結(jié)果的狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞，so...that與such...that中的that是連接結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的。當(dāng)這些信息詞出現(xiàn)在有生詞的句子中，通過(guò)因果關(guān)系，依據(jù)已知部分就能猜誕生詞的詞義。例如：Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong.依據(jù)because從句所講的意思，我們就可推想trim就是“修剪”之意。依據(jù)生活常識(shí)揣測(cè)詞義運(yùn)用邏輯推理實(shí)力，自身的生活閱歷及生活常識(shí)。再聯(lián)系上下文能讀懂的部分，可以正確猜出詞義。例如：Mostoftherosesarebeginningtowitherbecauseofthecold.依據(jù)句子意思及生活閱歷，wither表示“枯萎”。5）依據(jù)同等關(guān)系揣測(cè)詞義同等關(guān)系，指的是一個(gè)詞，一組詞或短語(yǔ)在句中作同一成分，而且它們的詞義都屬于同一范疇。明顯的標(biāo)記是，這樣的詞組或短語(yǔ)中間經(jīng)常用并列連詞and或or來(lái)連接。例如：Atforty-twohewasinhisprimeandalwaysfullofenergy.從“年齡42歲”以及與prime具有同等關(guān)系的fullofenergy可以猜出prime的意思是“盛年時(shí)期”。6）依據(jù)列舉的事例揣測(cè)詞義Youcantakeanyoftheperiodicals:“TheWorldofEnglish”.“ForeignLanguageTeachinginSchools”,or“EnglishLearning”.從后面列舉的例子中，可以猜出periodical是“期刊，雜志”的意思。7）依據(jù)構(gòu)詞法學(xué)問(wèn)揣測(cè)詞義依據(jù)學(xué)過(guò)的構(gòu)詞法學(xué)問(wèn)，知道詞根和前綴或后綴的意義，就可猜出由它們組成的新詞詞義。例如在2006年福建的高考題文章中有這樣一句：Theschoolsarereluctanttotakeoff—eventeacherswithticketsfortheEngland-Argentinagamehadtroublegettingthedayoff.A.kind

B.unwilling

C.free

D.careless【解題思路】通過(guò)破折號(hào)可知正確答案為B.Ⅲ.推理推斷題做這類(lèi)題要求考生在閱讀理解整體語(yǔ)篇的同時(shí)，又要求學(xué)生對(duì)作者的看法、意圖及文章細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的推理推斷，力求從作者的角度去考慮，不要固守自己的看法或觀(guān)點(diǎn)。不要主觀(guān)臆斷，憑空想象，隨意發(fā)揮，而走入誤區(qū)。學(xué)生要學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用主題句去推想、揣摩文字背后作者的意圖，運(yùn)用歸納、對(duì)比、演繹技能，運(yùn)用背景學(xué)問(wèn)去挖掘文章深層含義，從而正確理解作者的言外之意，同時(shí)仔細(xì)體會(huì)文章的語(yǔ)氣與感情基調(diào)(如：否定、厭惡、反問(wèn)、諷刺等)。這類(lèi)試題常以如下句式發(fā)問(wèn)：

①Whatcanyouconclude/implyfromthispassage?

②What’stheauthor’sattitude（看法）towards...?③Wecaninfer/learnfromthepassagethat...如：Oncetherewassomethingwrongwithamachineinafactory.TheworkerscoulddonothingbutturntoaGermanengineerforhelp,whodrewalineonitandsaid,“Takeoffthepartwherethelineisandchangeitforanewone.”Themachine,withanewlineon,beganrunningwellagain.Theengineerthenaskedfor$30,000forwhathehaddone.Thefollowingwerewhathewroteonabill,“Thenewpartonlycostsonedollar,andknowingwheretheproblemwiththemachineiscosts$29,999.”Q:Whatcanyouconcludefromthispassage?

A.theengineeraskedfortoomuchmoneyB.theworkersshouldpaythemoney

C.theknowledgeisworthmoneyD.thenewpartcouldcostmore這篇短文是作者講的一個(gè)故事，那么通過(guò)這個(gè)故事我們可以推斷出什么呢？雖然作者沒(méi)有言明，但是我們可以斷定，發(fā)覺(jué)問(wèn)題的所在須要才智和學(xué)問(wèn)，學(xué)問(wèn)是創(chuàng)建價(jià)值的源泉，因此此題的正確答案應(yīng)為C。Ⅳ.主旨大意題這種題型要求考生能夠把握文章的總體，并真正理解主題和中心；要求能較好地運(yùn)用概括、推斷、歸納、推理等邏輯思維方法解題，難度較大，屬于高層次題。一般主旨大意題可以分為兩類(lèi)：1．確定文章的標(biāo)題和主題(titleortopic)標(biāo)題位于文章之首，用來(lái)高度概括文章內(nèi)容，點(diǎn)明文章主題。它可以是單詞，短語(yǔ)，也可以是句子。要確定文章標(biāo)題，首先，要在閱讀原文的基礎(chǔ)上，考慮標(biāo)題是否與主題親密相關(guān)；其次，看標(biāo)題是否能概括全文內(nèi)容。不能只概括短文中的某些事實(shí)或細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)；然后，要留意標(biāo)題范圍不應(yīng)太大或太?。蛔罱K，標(biāo)題應(yīng)簡(jiǎn)練并能吸引讀者。即:1、獨(dú)特新奇

2、概括性強(qiáng)3、短小精煉。常見(jiàn)的標(biāo)題型題干：1)

Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassagemightbe________.2)

Thetext(passage)couldbeentitled

______.3)

Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?4)What’sthetopicofthearticle?如：Inthe1930s,alotofpeopleintheUSAwereoutofwork.AmongthesepeoplewasamannamedAlfredButts.Healwayshadaninterestinwordgamesandtofillhistimeheplannedagamewhichhecalled“Lexico”.However,hewasnotcompletelysatisfiedwiththegame,sohemadeanumberofchangestoitandchangeditsnamefrom“Lexico”to“Alph”andthento“CrissCross”.Hewantedtomakesomemoneyfromhisnewgamebuthedidn’thaveanyrealcommercial(商業(yè)性的)success.Q:Thetextismainlyabout________.A.Lexico

B.Threemen

C.Awordgame

D.AlfredButts.【解題思路】答案A和C以偏概全。因此此題的正確答案應(yīng)為D。2.主題句（topicsentence）及主旨大意(mainidea)的概括一篇文章一般表達(dá)一個(gè)中心內(nèi)容或主題。這個(gè)中心內(nèi)容或主題通常用一個(gè)句子來(lái)概括。此句叫做主題句。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，說(shuō)明文和爭(zhēng)論文都有主題句，而且多位于文章的開(kāi)頭，有時(shí)也位于文章的中間或末尾。但有時(shí)不能在文中干脆找到主題句，要求讀者把握每段的主題句，弄清段于段之間邏輯關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上自己歸納總結(jié)。主題句必需能簡(jiǎn)潔明白地概括全文的主要內(nèi)容，具有高度的綜合性和概括性。文章或段落的其他句子都是對(duì)主題句的進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明,說(shuō)明,論證或擴(kuò)展.常見(jiàn)的主題句和主旨型題干：1)Whatisthetopicsentenceofthepassage?2)

Thisarticle/text/passagemainlytellsthat_____________.3)Whichofthefollowinggivesageneralideaofthepassage?4)Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthepassage?

如：JoshuaBinghamstudied4yearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.Q:Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.HowJoshuaBinghambecamealawyer.B.Binghamisadiligentstudent.C.JoshuaBinghamreceivedanexcellenteducation.D.Agoodlawyerneedsgoodeducation.【解題思路】

此文沒(méi)有主題句。全篇共四句，只陳述了四個(gè)細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)(detail)性的事實(shí)。因此就答案本身看，個(gè)個(gè)都對(duì)。讀者只能將全部的details綜合起來(lái)，進(jìn)行邏輯推理，才能構(gòu)成一個(gè)沒(méi)有言明的主題思想(unstatedmainidea)。由于文中主要涉及了JoshuaBingham接受教化的狀況，即作者想告知我們的是：JoshuaBingham接受過(guò)良好的教化，所以答案是Ｃ?？傊喿x水平的提高不是一兩天的閱讀就可以見(jiàn)效的。想要提高閱讀實(shí)力，一是要培育良好的閱讀行為習(xí)慣；如：要用眼光看，不要用手指去點(diǎn)；要默讀，不要小聲讀。二是要積累大量的詞匯，把閱讀中的高頻難詞熟記，每次閱讀后要整理好生詞，然后記住其意思。三是要廣泛地做課后閱讀，堅(jiān)持每天讀1-2篇文章。四是不要一遇到生詞就查字典，要先猜其意義，等做完題目后再查字典，以免影響閱讀速度。中學(xué)閱讀理解解題技巧一、速讀全文，了解大意知主題。閱讀實(shí)力一般指閱讀速度和理解實(shí)力兩個(gè)方面。閱讀速度是閱讀最基本的實(shí)力?？忌匦柙谔貏e有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)運(yùn)用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀，搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句，捕獲時(shí)空、依次、情節(jié)、人物、觀(guān)點(diǎn)，并且理清文章脈絡(luò)，把握語(yǔ)篇實(shí)質(zhì)。抓主題句是快速駕馭文章大意的主要方法。主題句一般出現(xiàn)在文章的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾。主題句往往對(duì)全文起提示、啟迪、概括、歸納之作用，主旨大意題，歸納概括題，中心思想題往往干脆可從主題句中找到答案。試試看，你能找出下面一段文章的主題句嗎？Thepandaisapopularanimal.StoriesaboutthepandaintheWashingtonZooarealwaysfrontpagenewsandimportantfeaturesontelevisionnewscasts.Stuffedpandasareamongthemostpopulartoysforchildren,andpandapostcardsarealwaysindemandinzoogiftshops.不難看出，文章的第一句是主題句，后面的句子都圍繞這個(gè)句子綻開(kāi)。二、看題干，帶著問(wèn)題讀文章。首先要駕馭問(wèn)題的類(lèi)型，客觀(guān)信息題可以從文章中干脆找到答案；而主觀(guān)推斷題考查的是對(duì)文章的感情基調(diào)等，這類(lèi)題必需經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)作者的看法、意圖以及對(duì)整篇文章進(jìn)行深一層的推理等。其次，了解試題題干以及各個(gè)選項(xiàng)所包含的信息，然后有針對(duì)性地對(duì)文章進(jìn)行掃讀，對(duì)有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定位。此法加強(qiáng)了閱讀的針對(duì)性，提高了做題的精確率。三、邏輯推理，做好深層理解題。在實(shí)際閱讀中，有時(shí)作者并未把意圖說(shuō)出來(lái)，閱讀者要依據(jù)字面意思，通過(guò)語(yǔ)篇邏輯關(guān)系，探討細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)的示意，推敲作者的看法，理解文章的寓義。要求讀者對(duì)文字的表面信息進(jìn)行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理，不能就事論事，以偏概全。推理題在提問(wèn)中常用的詞有：infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。四、猜詞悟義，掃除閱讀攔路虎。猜詞是應(yīng)用英語(yǔ)的重要實(shí)力。它不但須要精確無(wú)誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，駕馭或相識(shí)較多的課外詞匯。我們要學(xué)會(huì)“順藤摸瓜”，通過(guò)構(gòu)詞，語(yǔ)法，定義，同位，對(duì)比，因果，常識(shí)，上下文等線(xiàn)索確定詞義。a.定義法Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle...thatis,itwillbreakeasily.從后面的說(shuō)明中我們可以了解到brittle是“脆”的意思。b.同位法Theytraveledalongway,atlastgottoacastle,alargebuildinginoldtimes.同位語(yǔ)部分alargebuildinginoldtimes給出了castle的準(zhǔn)確詞義，即“城堡”。c.對(duì)比法Sheisusuallypromptforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.but一詞表轉(zhuǎn)折，因此but前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是她今日“第一節(jié)上了一半才來(lái)”，因此反向推理，可得出她平常一向“準(zhǔn)時(shí)”的結(jié)論。d.構(gòu)詞法(前綴、后綴、復(fù)合、派生等)Perhaps,wecanseesomepossibilitiesfornextfiftyyears.possibility是possible的同根名詞，據(jù)此可以斷定possibility意思是“可能性”。e.因果法Thelackofmovementcausedthemusclestoweaken.Sometimestheweaknesswaspermanent.Sotheplayercouldneverplaythesportagain.從后面的結(jié)果“恒久不能再運(yùn)動(dòng)”中，可以推想permanent的意思為“恒久的，永久的”?；A(chǔ)練習(xí)故事類(lèi)(1)Son’sHelp

Mr.Langworkedinafactory.Asadriver,hewasbusybuthewaspaidmuch.Hiswifewasanablewomananddidallthehousework.Whenhecameback,shetookgoodcareofhimandheneverdidanythingathome.Sohehadenoughtimewhenhehadaholiday.Afewfriendsofhislikedgambling(賭博)andhelearneditsoon.Sohewasinterestedinitandhardlyforgotanythingexceptgambling.Helostallhismoneyandlaterhebegantosellthetelevision,watchesandsoon.Hiswifetoldhimnottodoitbuthedidn’tlistentoher.Shehadtotellthepolice.Heandhisfriendswerepunishedforit.Andhewashardlysentaway.Afterhecameoutoflockup(拘留所),hehatedherverymuchandthewomanhadtoleavehim.

ItwasNewYear’sDay.Mr.Langdidn’tgotowork.Hefeltlonelyandwantedtogambleagain.Hecalledhisfriendsandtheycamesoon.Buttheywereafraidthepolicewouldcome.Hetoldhisfive-year-oldsontogotofindoutiftherewerethepolicemenoutside.Theywaitedforalongtimeanddidn’tthinkthepolicewouldcomeandbegantogamble.Suddenlyopenedthedoorandincameafewpolicemen.

“Isawthereweren’tanypolicemenoutside,daddy,”saidtheboy,“soIwenttothecrossingandaskedsometocome.”

1.Mr.Langwaspaidmuchbecause_______.

A.hewasadriverB.heworkedinafactory

C.hehadalotofworktodoD.hehadworkedthereforalongtime

2.Mrs.Langdidallhouseworkbecause_______.

A.shecouldn’tfindanyworkB.shethoughtherhusbandwastired

C.herhusbandspentalltimeingamblingD.shewouldn’tstopherhusbandgambling

3._______,sohewasputintolockup.

A.Mr.LangoftengambledB.Mr.Langwaslateforwork

C.Mr.Langdidn’thelphiswifeathomeD.Mr.Langwasn’tpolitetothepolice

4.ThewomanhadtoleaveMr.Langbecause_______.

A.hedidn’tloveheranylongerB.hewouldn’tstopgambling

C.hehadbeenputintolockupD.hewashardlysentawaybythefactory

5.Whichofthefollowingisright?

A.Theboyhopedhisfathertobeputintolockupagain.

B.Theboythoughthisfatherneededsomepolicemen.

C.Theboyhopedhisfathertostopgamblingsoon.

D.Theboyhopedhismothertocomeback.

【答案與解析】本文講一個(gè)賭棍想要賭錢(qián)，因此叫他的兒子把風(fēng)，可他的兒子卻把警察找來(lái)的故事。

1.C。細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)題。依據(jù)第1段第2句話(huà)Asadriver,hewasbusybuthewaspaidmuch可知答案為C。

2.B。推斷題。依據(jù)第1段第3句話(huà)Hiswifewasanablewomananddidallthehousework.Whenhecameback,shetookgoodcareofhimandheneverdidanythingathome可知答案為B。

3.A。推斷題。依據(jù)Hiswifetoldhimnottodoitbuthedidn’tlistentoher.Shehadtotellthepolice可知答案為A。

4.A。細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)題。依據(jù)…h(huán)ehatedherverymuchandthewomanhadtoleavehim可知答案為A。

5.B。語(yǔ)義理解題。依據(jù)最終一句話(huà)Isawthereweren’tanypolicemanoutside,daddy,soIwenttothecrossingandaskedsometocome可知答案為B。教化類(lèi)（2）

StudentsinmanycountriesarelearningEnglish.Someofthesestudentsaresmallchildren.Othersareteen-agers.Manyareadults.Somelearnatschool,othersbythemselves.AfewlearnEnglishbylearningthelanguageovertheradio,onTV,orinfilm.Onemustworkhardtolearnanotherlanguage.

WhydoallthesepeoplewanttolearnEnglish?Itisdifficulttoanswerthisquestion.ManyboysandgirlslearnEnglishatschoolbecauseitisoneoftheirsubjectsrequiredforstudy.TheystudytheirownlanguageandmathsandEnglish:Somepeoplelearnitbecauseitisusefulfortheirwork.ManypeoplelearnEnglishfortheirwork.ManypeoplelearnEnglishfortheirhigherstudies,becauseatcollegeoruniversitysomeoftheirbooksareinEnglish.OtherpeoplelearnEnglishbecausetheywanttoreadnewspapersormagazinesinEnglish.

1.PeoplelearnEnglish_______.

A.atschool

B.overtheradio

C.onTV

D.notallinthesameway

2.DifferentkindsofpeoplewanttolearnEnglish_______.

A.togetherwithothersubjects

B.fordifferentreas**

C.fortheirwork

D.forhigherstudiesatcolleges

3.Fromthispassageweknowthat_______.

A.wecanlearnEnglisheasilyB.Englishisverydifficulttolearn

C.Englishislearnedbymostpeopleintheworld

D.Englishisausefullanguagebutonemustworkhardtolearn

4.Whichofthefollowingisright?

A.Wedon’tneedtolearnanyforeignlanguages.

B.WecandowellinallourworkwithoutEnglish.

C.Englishisthemostimportantsubjectinschools.

D.WeshouldlearnEnglishbecauseweneedtofacetheworld.

【答案與解析】這篇文章探究了學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)熱潮的現(xiàn)象和發(fā)生這種現(xiàn)象的緣由。

1.D。由第1段我們可以知道學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的形式可以overtheradio,onTV,orinfilm等不同的方式。

2.B。依據(jù)第2段人們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的緣由有requiredforstudy,usefulfortheirwork,forhighstudies等幾種。由此可推知人們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的緣由是不同的。

3.D。由于人們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的各種緣由可以發(fā)覺(jué)英語(yǔ)是特別有用的。但從smallchildren到adults(成年人)都用各種形式去學(xué)，說(shuō)明英語(yǔ)必需靠人的努力才能學(xué)好。

4.D。由于文章中說(shuō)很多國(guó)家都學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)，那么假如不學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)就不能融入現(xiàn)代社會(huì)。所以學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的目的是weneedtofacetheworld(我們須要面對(duì)這個(gè)世界)?？萍碱?lèi)（3）

Thecomputerisausefulmachine.Itisthemostimportantinventioninmanyyears.Theoldestkindofcomputeristheabacus(算盤(pán)),usedinChinacenturiesago,butthefirstlarge,moderncomputerwasbuiltin1946.Acomputerthencoulddomathsproblemsquitefast.

Todaycomputersareusedinmanywaysandcandomanykindsofwork.Inafewyearsthecomputermaytouchthelifeofeveryone,evenpeopleinfarawayvillages.

Inthelastfewyears,therehavebeengreatchangesincomputers.Theyaregettingsmallerandsmaller,andcomputingfasterandfaster,Manyscientistsagreethatcomputerscannowdomanythings,buttheycannotdoeverything.Whoknowswhatthecomputersoftomorrowwillbelike?Willcomputersbringgoodthingsorbadthingstopeople?Thescientistsoftodaywillhavetodecidehowtousethecomputersoftomorrow.

1.Thecomputerisa_______machine.

A.helpful

B.strange

C.large

D.dangerous

2.Thefirstlarge,moderncomputerwasbuiltabout_______yearsago.

A.afew

B.forty

C.sixty

D.eighty

3.Thecomputersoftodayare_______thanbefore.

A.bigger

B.fewer

C.smaller

D.taller

4.Computerscando_______.

A.everything

B.anything

C.nothing

D.lotsofthings

5.Thescientistsoftoday_______howtousethecomputersoftomorrow.

A.maydecide

B.mustdecide

C.canmake

D.needn’tmake

【答案與解析】本文講計(jì)算機(jī)的發(fā)展歷史。

1.A。細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)題。依據(jù)據(jù)第1句話(huà)Thecomputerisausefulmachine可知答案為A。

2.C。推斷題。第一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)是1946年生產(chǎn)的，距今大約60年，所以應(yīng)選C。

3.C。細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)題。依據(jù)第3段第2句Theyaregettingsmallerandsmaller可知答案為C。

4.D。推斷題。依據(jù)第2段第1句Todaycomputersareusedinmanywaysandcandomanykindsofwork以及…buttheycannotdoeverything可知答案為D。

5.B。細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)題。依據(jù)最終一句話(huà)Thescientistsoftodaywillhavetodecidehowtousethecomputersoftomorrow可知答案為B。歷史類(lèi)（4）

Napoleonagreedtoplansforatunnel(隧道)undertheEnglishChannelin1802.TheBritishbegandiggingonein1880.Neithertunnelwascompleted.Europehashadtowaituntiltheendofthe20thcenturyfortheChannelTunnel.Afternearlytwocenturiesofdreaming,theislandofGreatBritainisconnectedtoContinentalEuropeforthefirsttimesincetheIceAge,whenthetwolandmassesmovedapart.

OnMay6,1994,Britain’sQueenElizabethandFrance’sPresidentMitterrandcarriedouttheofficialopening.TheQueenwasaccompanied(陪伴)onhertrainjourneythroughthehistorictunnelbyoneofherRolls-Roycecarswhichwasplacedonthetrain.ThefollowingdaysawcelebrationtakingplaceinFolkestoneandCalais.Regularpublicservicesdidnotstartuntilthelatterpartof1994.

1.TheislandofGreatBritainis_______.

A.connectedtoFranceallthetimeB.separatedfromFrancewithatunnel

C.separatedfromFranceallthetimeD.joinedtoFrancewiththetunnel

2.QueenElizabeth_______attheopening.

A.tookhercarRolls-Roycethroughthetunnel

B.tookhercarwhichwasplacedonhertrainthroughthetunnel

C.tookhertrainthroughthetunnel

D.tookMitterrand’strainthroughthetunnel

3.Before1994,onecouldgotoBritainfromFrance_______.

A.onlybyship

B.byshiporplaneC.bycarortrain

D.byship,carortrain

4.Whichofthefollowingisright?

A.Napoleonmadeplansforthetunnel.

B.ThepubliccouldpassthroughthetunnelbytrainafterMay6,1994.

C.Thetunnelwasbuiltfortwocenturies.

D.ThetunnelwilldogreatgoodtoBritainandFrance.【答案與解析】本文主要講解并描述拿破侖早在1802年就同意在英吉利海底修建隧道的安排，英國(guó)在1880年就起先挖掘，但都沒(méi)有完成。大約兩個(gè)世紀(jì)后，即到了1994年，大不列顛島和歐洲大陸才由海底隧道連接起來(lái)。

1.D。語(yǔ)義理解題。從第1段theislandofGreatBritainisconnectedtoContinentalEuropeforthefirsttimesincetheIceAge可以看出theislandofGreatBritain和France是由thetunnel連接起來(lái)的。

2.C。語(yǔ)義理解題。第2段第2句話(huà)TheQueenwasaccompanied(陪伴)onhertrainjourneythroughthehistorictunnelbyoneofherRolls-Roycecarswhichwasplacedonthetrain已明確告知QueenElizabeth是怎么去參與開(kāi)幕典禮的。

3.B。推斷題。既然1994年以前沒(méi)有隧道，那當(dāng)然只有坐船或乘飛機(jī)從英國(guó)去法國(guó)。

4.D。推斷題。拿破侖是同意修建隧道的安排，并不是制定安排，故解除A項(xiàng)；接近1994年底，公眾才能夠坐火車(chē)穿過(guò)隧道，B項(xiàng)不對(duì)；文章并沒(méi)有說(shuō)隧道建了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，C項(xiàng)也不對(duì)；而隧道修建勝利時(shí)，英、法兩國(guó)元首都出席，由此可見(jiàn)隧道對(duì)兩國(guó)的重要性。人物類(lèi)（5）NickPetrelsisadoctorinMontreal.Heworks60hoursaweek.Hetakescareof159patientsaweekinthehospitalandathisoffice.He’sbeenadoctorfortenyears.

Dr.Petrelsgiveshispatientsgoodmedicaladvice.Buthedoesn’tjusttellhispatientswhattodo.Healsosingstothemontelevision!Dr.PetrelshashisownTVshow.TheshowisinItalian,EnglishandFrench.Thedoctorstartstheshowwithasongandthengivesmedicaladvice.Heexplainsamedicalproblemordiseaseinsimplelanguage.Afterthat,hesingsanothersong.

Dr.Petrelsproducesandperformsinhisownshoweveryweek.Theprogramisverypopularwithhispatientsandwithpeoplewhoenjoyhissinging.Hisdreamistoperform(表演)inLasVegas.Hisfavoritesongsarelovesongs,andhehasacompactdiskoflovesongsthathewrote.Dr.Petrelssays,“Ialwayslovedtosing.AllmyproblemsaregonewhenIsing.”ButwhenDr.Petrelswasyoung,hisfatherdidn’twanthimtobeasinger,sohewenttomedicalschool.

SomepeopletellDr.Petrelshecanhelppeoplemoreasadoctor.ButDr.Petrelssayshehelpspeoplewhenhesings,too.“Iliketomakepeoplesmile.Sometimesit’sdifficulttomakeasickpersonsmile.Medicineandentertainment(消遣)bothtrytodothesamething.Theytrytomakepeoplefeelgood.”

1.Dr.Petrelsworks60hoursaweek,becausehe_______.

A.giveshispatientsmedicaladviceB.takescareof159patientsaweek

C.singsontelevisionD.hashisownTVshow

2.Dr.Petrels_______,soheiscalledasingingdoctor.

A.hasbeenadoctorfortenyearsB.alwayslovedtosing

C.ispopularwithhispatientsD.alsosingstohispatientsonTV

3.InhisTVshow,Dr.Petrel_______.

A.singsandgivesmedicaladviceB.singsaboutdifferentdiseases

C.startstoexplaindiseaseswithasongD.singslovesongshewrote

4.Dr.Petrels’showispopular_______.

A.inLasVegas.

B.atmedicalschool

C.withpeoplewholikehissinging

D.withpatientsinMontreal

5.Dr.Petrelssayshelikesto_______.

A.helppeoplesing

B.makepeoplefeelbetter

C.dothesamething

D.makedifficultpeoplesmile

【答案與解析】這篇文章描繪在Montreal一個(gè)好玩的醫(yī)生，他不但給病人治病，還在自己的節(jié)目中為病人唱歌，給他們帶來(lái)歡樂(lè)。

1.B。第1段告知我們Hetakescareof159patientsaweek,如此多的病人，難怪Heworks60hoursaweek。

2.D。由第2段的Healsosingstothemontelevision，我們可得知他被稱(chēng)為asingingdoctor的緣由。

3.A。依據(jù)第2段的Thedoctorstartstheshowwithasongandthengivesmedicaladvice，我們便可知道Dr.Petrel在他的節(jié)目中干些什么。

4.C。依據(jù)第3段的第2句Theprogramisverypopularwithhispatientsandwithpeoplewhoenjoyhissinging可推知答案為C。Dr.Petrel受歡迎的不只在LasVegas這些地方和Patient這些人。

5.B。最終一句的Theytrytomakepeoplefeelgood告知了我們Dr.Petrels想干什么。

提升訓(xùn)練一、人物類(lèi)InOctober1961atCrowleyFieldinCincinnatiOhioanolddeafgentlemannamedWilliamE.HoystooduptothrowthefirstballoftheWorldSeries.MostpeopleatCrowleyFieldonthatdayprobablydidnotrememberHoybecausehehadretired(退休)fromprofessionalbaseball58yearsearlierin1903.Howeverhehadbeenanoutstandingplayerandthedeafpeoplestilltalkabouthimandhisyearsinbaseball.WilliamE.HoywasborninHouckstownOhioonMay23,1862.Hebecamedeafwhenhewastwoyearsold.HeattendedtheColumbusOhioSchoolforthedeaf.Aftergraduationhestartedplayingbaseballwhileworkingasashoemaker.Hoybeganplayingprofessionalbaseballin1886forOshkosh(Wisconsin)oftheNorthwesternLeague.In1888hestartedasanoutfielder(外場(chǎng)手)withtheoldWashingtonSenators.Hissmallfigureandspeedmadehimanoutstandingbaserunner.Hewasverygoodatstealingbasesduringhiscareer.Inthe1888majorleagueseasonhestole82bases.HewasalsotheSenators’leadinghitterin1888.Hoywascleverandhethrewright-handedandbattedleft-handed.OnJune19,1889hethrewoutthreebatters(擊球手)attheplatefromhisoutfieldposition.ThearmsignalsusedbyjudgestodaytoshowballsandstrikesbeganbecauseofHoy.Thejudgeliftedhisrightarmtoshowthatthepitchwasastrikeandhisleftarmtosignalthatitwasaball.FormanyyearspeopletalkedaboutHoy’slastballgamein1903.HewasplayingforLosAngelesofthePacificCoastWinterLeague.ItwasamemorablegamebecauseHoyhitawonderfulballwhichwonthegame.Itwasaveryfoggydayandthereforeveryhardtoseetheball.Intheninthinning(棒球的一局)withtwomenout,Hoymanagedtocatchaflyballtomakethethirdoutinspiteofthefog.LosAngelesdefeatedtheiroppositionandwonthegame.AfterheretiredHoystayedbusy.HeranadairyfarmnearCincinnatifor20years.Healsobecameapublicspeakerandtraveledgivingspeeches.Untilafewyearsbeforehisdeathhetook4-10milewalksseveralmorningsaweek.OnDecember15,1961WilliamHoydiedattheageof99.1.InwhichorderdidthefollowingthingshappeninHoy’slife?a.Hoyworkedasashoemaker.b.Hoybegantorunadiaryfarm.c.Hoyplayedamemorablegameintheheavyfog.d.HoythrewthefirstballoftheWorldSeries.e.Hoybecamedeaf.A.deacb B.eacbd C.daecb D.eabcd2.WecaninferfromthelastparagraphthatHoy_______inhislateyears.A.becamefamous B.ledarelaxedlifeC.traveledaroundtheworld D.wasingoodphysicalcondition3.Thispassageismainlyabout_______.A.adeafplayerdevotedtothegameofbaseballB.baseballgamerulesandimportantplayersC.theriseinthesocialpositionofthedeafpeopleD.wherethebaseballjudgehandsignalscamefrom4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthispassage?A.Hoywasthegreatestbaseballplayerinhistime.B.Speakingandlisteningarenotnecessaryinbaseballgames.C.Thejudgehadtostudythehandsignalsveryseriously.D.Hoy’sfamilyencouragedhimtobecomeabaseballplayer.【答案解析】本文介紹了美國(guó)20世紀(jì)初最杰出的棒球選手Hoy不平凡的一生。1.B。細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)題。此題要求對(duì)事務(wù)發(fā)生的先后依次進(jìn)行排序。可用首尾定位法，即找到第一個(gè)發(fā)生的事務(wù)(e.Hoybecamedeaf.)，再找到最終一個(gè)發(fā)生的事務(wù)(d.HoythrewthefirstballoftheWorldSeries.)，故可解除A、C。再進(jìn)行比較可知B最佳。2.D。推斷題。依據(jù)Untilafewyearsbeforehisdeathhetook4-10milewalksseveralmorningsaweek.，可見(jiàn)在他生命的最終歲月里，他的身體狀況很好。3.A。主旨題?？v觀(guān)全文可知。4.A。推斷題。依據(jù)hestole82bases…theSenators’leadinghitter…threwoutthreebatters…managedtocatchaflyballtomakethethirdoutinspiteofthefog.等細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)，可以推斷Hoy是他那個(gè)時(shí)代最杰出的棒球選手。二、故事類(lèi)Mr.PeterJohnson,agedtwenty-three,battledforhalfanhourtoescapefromhistrappedcaryesterdaywhenitlandedupsidedowninthreefeetofwater.Mr.Johnsontooktheonlyescaperoute—throughtheboot(行李箱).Mr.Johnson’scarhadfinishedupinaditch(溝渠)atRomneyMarsin,Kentafterskiddingoniceandhittingabank.“Fortunately,thewaterbegantocomeinonlyslowly,”Mr.Johnsonsaid.“Icouldn’tforcethedoorsbecausetheywerejammedagainstthewallsoftheditchanddarednotopenthewindowsbecauseIknewwaterwouldcomefloodingin.”Mr.Johnson,asweetsalesmanofSittingHome,Kent,firsttriedtoattracttheattentionofothermotoristsbysoundingthehornandhammeringontheroofandboot.Thenhebeganhisstruggletoescape.Laterhesaid,“Itwasreallyahalfpennythatsavedmylife.ItwastheonlycoinIhadinmypocketandIusedittounscrewthebackseattogetintotheboot.Ihammereddesperatelywithahammertryingtomakesomeonehear,butnohelpcame.”Ittooktenminutestounscrewtheseat,andafurtherfiveminutestoclearthesweetsamplesfromtheboot.ThenMr.Johnsonfoundawrenchandbegantoworkonthebootlock.Fifteenminutespassedby.“ItwastheonlychanceIhad.Finallyitgave,butassoonasImovedthebootlid,thewaterandmudpouredin.Iforcedtheliddownintothemudandscrambledclearasthecarfilledup.”Hishandsandarmscutandbruised(擦傷),Mr.JohnsongottoBeckettFarmnearby,wherehewaslookedafterbythefarmer’swife,Mrs.LucyBates.Huddledinablanket,hesaid,“Thatthirtyminutesseemedlikehours.”O(jiān)nlythetipsofthecarwheelswerevisible,policesaidlastnight.Thevehiclehadsunkintotwofeetofmudatthebottomoftheditch.1.Whatisthebesttitleforthisnewspaperarticle?A.TheStoryofMr.Johnson,ASweetSalesmanB.CarBootCanServeAsTheBestEscapeRouteC.DriverEscapesThroughCarBo