Unit4HistoryandTraditions重點單詞導(dǎo)學(xué)案-高一英語人教版

Book2U4HistoryandTraditions重點單詞導(dǎo)學(xué)案Individual■adj①[只用于名詞前]單獨的；個人的：Eachindividualleafonthetreeisdifferent.樹上的每片葉子都不相同。Itisdifficultforateachertogiveindividualattentiontochildreninalargeclass.在人數(shù)多的班上教師很難照顧到每個孩子。②獨特的；與眾不同的：She’sgotaveryindividualwayofdressing.她穿衣非常有個性?！鰊.個人；個體；與眾不同的人：Together,individualscanmakeadifference.萬眾一心，眾志成城。TobeetheOlympicchampionintheindividualallaroundevent,GabbyDouglashadtoleaveeverythingsheknewbest.（2023全國）為了在個人全能項目中取得冠軍，GabbyDouglas不得不放棄她最熟悉的一切。派生詞：?individualismn.個人主義 ?individualityn.個性；特征[小試牛刀]寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Someindividualsarebornwithagiftforpublicspeaking.(2020山東) ___________2.Inbaseball,theperformanceofindividualplayersislessdependentonteammates.(2019北京) ___________3.Thechildrenarehappybecausetheygetalotmoreindividualattentionandrespondwellbecausesomeonehastimeforthem. ___________4.Thegirlhasaveryindividualwayofdressing. ___________Belongvi屬(于)；應(yīng)在(某處)：Putthechairbackwhereitbelongs.把椅子放回原處。?belongto（to是介詞）屬于；是……的成員；應(yīng)歸入：Someofthestampsbelongtome,whiletherestarehisandhers.這些郵票中有些是我的，其余是他和她的。Thefuturebelongstothosewhobelieveinthebeautyoftheirdreams.未來屬于那些相信夢想之美的人。Ifyouplanonworkingoutinagym,yourworkoutpartnermustbelongtothesamegym. （2022全國改）如果你打算在健身房鍛煉的話，你的訓(xùn)練同伴一定來自同一個健身房。Lionsandtigersbelongtothecatfamily.獅子和老虎屬于貓科動物。★注意：belongto不能用于進行時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。派生詞：?belongingn.歸屬：Childrenneedasenseofbelonging.（2021全國）孩子需要歸屬感。?belongingsn.[復(fù)數(shù)]所有物；財產(chǎn)；財物(possessions)：Lookafteryourpersonalbelongings.照管好你的私人財物。[小試牛刀]一、在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.Thehousebelongs______myauntbutshedoesn’tlivehereanymore.2.Before1066,inthelandwenowcallGreatBritainlivedpeoples___________(belong)totwomajorlanguagegroups. 3.Thetaxidriveroftenremindspassengerstotaketheir___________(belong)whentheyleavethecar. 二、根據(jù)所給漢語及提示，完成下列句子。1.WhenIwasaboy,I_______________(是……的成員)theBoyScouts(童子軍),soIusedtogocampingeverysummer.2.Inotherwords,gossip(閑聊)issatisfyingbecauseitgivespeople________________________(歸屬感).(2016浙江)Aswellas①與……一樣好：IwishIcouldspeakEnglishaswellashecan.我希望自己的英語講得跟他一樣好。②和；也；除……之外：Theyusethesameflag,knownastheUnionJack,aswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence.（課文）除了擁有同樣的貨幣和國防以外，他們也使用同一面國旗。Aswellaswritingstories,Ilovereadingandlisteningtomusic.除了寫小說，我還喜歡讀書和聽音樂?！镒⒁鈇swellas連接并列主語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)與aswellas前的主語保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。Theteacheraswellashisstudentsisgoingtoplanttreestomorrow.明天不但學(xué)生們?nèi)ブ矘?，老師也去。[小試牛刀]根據(jù)所給漢語及提示，將下列句子譯成英語。1.艾美和她的兄弟們上周回到村子時受到了熱烈的歡迎。(2019天津)(被動,givesbawele)________________________________________________________whenreturningtothevillagelastweek.2.愛倫跳舞很棒。我希望我的舞跳得和她一樣好。(2015陜西)(wish)Ellenisafantasticdancer.___________________________________3.這個論壇真的幫助我提高了自信和社交能力，還有我的學(xué)習(xí)成績。(grade)Theforumhasreallyhelpedmetoimprovemyconfidenceandsocialskills______________________________.Defencen.①防御；保衛(wèi)；防護：theMinistryofDefence/theDefenceDepartment國防部Shesteppedbackappearingsurprisedandputupherhands,asifindefence.他后退幾步，看上去有些吃驚，然后舉起手，看起來好像是在自衛(wèi)。②防務(wù)；防御物；防御能力：Thebodyhasnaturaldefencemechanismstoprotectitfromdisease.人體具有先天的疾病防護機制。③辯護；辯解：Ihavetosayinherdefencethatsheknewnothingaboutitbeforehand.我得為她說句話，她之前對此事一無所知。④(體育運動中的)后衛(wèi)；防守隊員[小試牛刀]根據(jù)句意寫出畫線部分的漢語意思。1.Thelawyerproducedacleverdefenceofhisclient(客戶)._______2.Agooddiethelpsbuildthebody’snaturaldefences._____________3.Thetownwallswerebuiltasadefenceagainstenemyattacks. _____________4.WhatwasespeciallyimportantforTim’ssuccessfuldefenseinthefootballgame?(2015天津) _____________5.MrGreenstoodupindefenceofthe16yearoldboy,sayingthathewasnottheonetoblame. ______________Surroundv.①包圍；環(huán)繞；圍困：[搭配]besurroundedwith/by被...包圍；圍繞Tosome,happinessisbeingsurroundedbyfamilyandfriends.對一些人來說，幸福就是一直有家人和朋友陪伴在身邊。Surroundyourselfwithupliftingindividualswhochallengeyoutobebetter.（2016浙江）要和積極向上的人在一起，他們會激勵你做得更好。②與……緊密相關(guān)：someissuessurroundingalcoholabuse.有關(guān)酗酒的一些問題派生詞：?surrounding adj[只用于名詞前]周圍的(nearby)：thesurroundingenvironment周圍環(huán)境?surroundings n[用復(fù)數(shù)]周圍的事物；環(huán)境everythingthatisnearoraroundyou(environment)：Atfirstmynewsurroundingsweredifficulttotolerate.起初，我很難忍受新環(huán)境TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmericawherealllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulcoexistencewithitssurroundings.2023（全國） 曾經(jīng)在美國的中心有一個城鎮(zhèn)，在那里所有的生命似乎都很享受和周圍環(huán)境和諧共處。[小試牛刀]一、在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.Somelightshowershavebeenforecastsincelastmonth,butallofthemhavebeeneffectivein____________(surround)areas.2.Iwalkinthedoorandseeabrownsofa______________(surround)alowglasstopwoodentable.3.WhenIheadedtowardthecenter,Ifoundmyself___________(surround)bybuildingsthatmirrorthebestpalacesofEurope.4.BillGateshashistoricallysurroundedhimself______________smartpeople,andhe’sfamouslythirstyforknowledge.二、根據(jù)所給提示，翻譯下列句子。1.湖邊樹木環(huán)繞。(被動句)__________________________________________________________________________2.我很快適應(yīng)了新的環(huán)境。____________________________________________________________________________3.要和積極向上的人在一起，他們會激勵你做得更好。(2016浙江)(who引導(dǎo)的定語從句)______________________________________________________________________________________________________Achievementn.達成；完成Seeingthelinesoftreeswehadplanted,weallhadasenseofachievement.看到親手種下的這一排排樹，我們大家都有一種成就感。Itisonlytheachievementofthesegoalsthatwillfinallybringlastingpeace.只有達成這些目標(biāo)才能最終帶來持久的和平。成就；功績；成績greatscientificachievements偉大的科學(xué)成就Hewasawardedaprizeforhisachievementsinphysics.他因在物理學(xué)上的偉大成就而獲獎。?achievev.①(憑借努力)達到(目標(biāo)、標(biāo)準(zhǔn))achievesuccess/progress取得成功/進步Happinessisachievedthroughhardwork.快樂是通過辛勤勞動獲得的。Iusedtotryeffectivemethodstoachievemyacademicgoals.(2014江西)我過去常常嘗試高效的方法來達到學(xué)業(yè)目標(biāo)。②完成Noonecanachieveanythingwithouteffort.沒有人能夠不付出努力就完成任何事。Heachievedwhathehadthoughtimpossible.他完成了他曾經(jīng)以為不可能的事情。③獲得成功Heisanexcellentlawyerwithagoodbrainandadeterminationtoachieve.他是一名優(yōu)秀的律師，擁有獲得成功的頭腦和決心。?achievableadj可達到的；可獲得的[小試牛刀]根據(jù)所給漢語，完成下列句子。1.We_________________________(取得了優(yōu)異的成績)inthefinalexams.

2.LiHuaeventually__________________________(實現(xiàn)了自己的夢想）ofgoingtoPekingUniversity.3.爸爸媽媽對我取得的成就感到驕傲。_____________________________________________________________Battle■n.①戰(zhàn)役；戰(zhàn)斗：fight/win/loseabattle打仗/打勝仗/打敗仗NapoleonwasdefeatedattheBattleofWaterloo.拿破侖在滑鐵盧戰(zhàn)役中被打敗了。②斗爭；較量：alongrunninglegalbattle一場曠日持久的法律爭訟Agoodbeginningishalfthebattle.好的開端就是成功的一半Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself.（2018北京）我意識到跑步是一場與自己的較量。fightalosingbattle打一場無望取勝的仗■vt.&vi(與……)斗爭；(與……)戰(zhàn)斗：battlefor為...斗爭Theybattledwith/againstthewindsandwaves.他們與風(fēng)浪搏斗Howdidourancestorsbattlenaturewiththebasictoolstheyhad?我們的祖先是如何用他們的簡單工具與大自然進行抗?fàn)幍?？[詞匯拓展]battlefieldn.戰(zhàn)場；沖突地區(qū)/領(lǐng)域[小試牛刀]根據(jù)所給漢語及提示，完成下列句子。1.They______________________(與……搏斗)thewindandtheraintogethere.2.They__________________(長期作戰(zhàn))againstprejudice(偏見).3.Irealizedrunningwas________________________(與自己的較量),notaboutpetitionorwhetherornotIwasathletic.4.Myfather_____________________(與……斗爭)cancerformanymonths.Charge■n.①主管；負責(zé)[搭配]inchargeof負責(zé)CouldIspeaktowhoeverisinchargeofInternationalSalesplease?我能同國際銷售部的負責(zé)人談?wù)剢幔縤nthechargeof由...負責(zé)Thisprojectisinthechargeofme.這個項目由我負責(zé)。in/undersb’scharge由...負責(zé)Thefileswereleftinyourcharge.這些文件由你負責(zé)處理takechargeof掌管；接管；負責(zé)Tobeeasuccessfulperson,wemustbeabletotakechargeofourselves.要成為一個成功的人，我們必須能夠掌控自己。②費用；價錢：anadmissionchargeof$5五美元的入場費Deliveryisfreeofcharge.免費送貨③指控；罪名：Shewasarrestedonthechargeoftheft.她因被指控偷盜而被捕。Policedroppedthechargesagainsthim警察放棄了對他的起訴。④電荷；電量：oncharge充電中 Apositive/negativecharge正/負電荷■v.①vt&vi(向……)收費；開價：[搭配]charge(sb/sth)forsth因...向某人/物收費ThedisadvantageofthehotelisthatitchargesforWiFi.（2021新高考改）這個酒店的缺點是WiFi要收費。Therestaurantonlychargedme$40(forwine).這個餐館僅收了我40美元（酒水錢）②vt指控；控告：[搭配]chargesbwith(doing)sth控告某人（做）某事Sheischargedwithmurderingherhusband.她被指控謀害其夫。③vt&vi(給……)充電：Weneedtogetourcarbatterycharged.我們得給汽車的蓄電池充電。?chargern.充電器④vi&vt(向……)沖；進攻：Whenlionsarehidingforanattackbyawaterhole,theywaitpatientlyandcanchargeatanysecond.當(dāng)獅子隱藏在水坑邊上準(zhǔn)備攻擊時，它們耐心等待，隨時都會發(fā)起攻擊。[小試牛刀]一、在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或用括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。1.Iwonderifthere’saservicecharge________ourmeal.2.Theywantedtocharge$5,000_________thecar,butwemanagedtobringthepricedown.3.We’vehadadiscussionaboutwhetheranentrancefeeshould____________(charge)forparks.二、根據(jù)所給提示完成下列句子。1.Wealsohaveaswimmingpool,whichisopenalldayand__________(免費的).2.Iwasappointedto__________________________________(負責(zé))arrangingalltheactivitiesonthatday.(天津書面表達)Announceadj.宣告；宣布：Pleaseremainseated;thewinneroftheprizewillbeannouncedsoon.請做好，馬上公布獲獎?wù)?。MrWhiteannouncedthathewouldgotoChinainFebruary.懷特先生宣布他將在二月份去中國。(尤指在機場或火車站)廣播通知：Thepilotannouncedwithapologythattherewouldbeaslightdelaybeforesettingdown.飛行員抱歉地通知，飛機會晚一點著陸。宣布……的到來/出席：Wouldyouannouncetheguestsastheyein?客人來時請通報他們的姓名好嗎？派生詞：?announcern.(電視臺/電臺的)播音員；(機場或車站的)廣播員?announcementn.通告；布告；宣布；宣告： makeanannouncement宣布通告IreadtheannouncementofthesummercampthatyouhavepostedontheInternetandIaminterestedinit.（2012全國書面表達）我閱讀了你們在網(wǎng)上發(fā)布的夏令營布告，并對此很感興趣。[小試牛刀]一、空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。1.Aftergraduatingfromuniversityin1932,Reagangotajobasaradiosports___________(announce).2.The_______________(announce)wasgreetedenthusiastically.二、根據(jù)所給漢語完成下列句子。1.Silence,please.MrWhteisaboutto_______________________(宣布通知).2.Hesaidtheluckywoman____________________________(將在網(wǎng)上公布)andthetripwillbesharedonline.(2017全國)Amount■n.數(shù)量；數(shù)額；總數(shù)：[搭配]theamountof...的數(shù)量Aamountof/amountsof大量的...（后接不可數(shù)名詞）（課文）WefoundourselvesverysurprisedbythelargenumberofvisitorsandtheamountofnoiseattheentranceoftheNationalGallery.我們對發(fā)現(xiàn)國家美術(shù)館入口處那么多的參觀者和那么大的嗓音跟到非常驚訝Alittlebitofkindnesswillberewardedwithahugeamountofbenefit.滴水之恩當(dāng)涌泉相報?！镒⒁猓篴mountsof/alarge(huge/small)amountof尤與不可數(shù)名詞連用。作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與amount的數(shù)保持一致。Largeamountsofmoneywerespentonbuildingthebridge.大量的資金用到了這座橋的建造上。There’sonlyasmallamountoffood.只有一點兒食物?！鰒iamountto①達到(某數(shù)量)；合計：Atthestartofthisyear,foreignerslivinginItalyamountedto4.56million.（2017浙江）今年年初，居住在意大利的外國人數(shù)量達到了456萬。Itwastiringwork,butIlookedforwardtothepay,eventhoughIwasn’tsurehowmuchitwouldamountto.（2021浙江讀后續(xù)寫）這份工作很無聊，但是我盼望工資，即使我不知道總共會有多少。②相當(dāng)于；等于；意味著：Keepingwhatbelongstoanotheramountstostealing.占有別人的東西就相當(dāng)于偷竊。[小試牛刀]根據(jù)所給漢語及提示，完成下列句子。1.Iwassurprisedat____________________(工作量)Ihadtodo.2.Ispent____________________(大量的時間)preparingfortheexam.Approach■v.①vt&vi(距離上)靠近(near)；(時間上)臨近；(數(shù)量上)接近Itwashardtoapproachthepaintingasthereweresomanypeoplearound.周圍人太多，很難靠近那幅畫。AsTeachers’Daywasapproaching,ourclassdecidedtoholdapartytocelebratetheimportantday.（陜西書面表達）教師節(jié)日益臨近，我們班決定舉行聚會來慶祝這個重要的節(jié)日。Thepopulationofourprovinceisnowapproaching74million.我省人口現(xiàn)已接近七千四百萬。②vt與……接洽Thestaffsoonfoundthenewmanagereasytoapproach.員工很快發(fā)現(xiàn)這位新經(jīng)理平易近人。Thestudentsapproachtheirteacherforadvice.學(xué)生們找到老師尋求建議。③vt處理What’sthebestwayofapproachingthisproblem/matter/task?處理這個問題/事情/任務(wù)的最佳方法是什么？■n.①靠近；接近：theapproachofautumn秋天的來臨Thestudentsstoppedtalkingattheteacher’sapproach.老師一走進，學(xué)生們就不說話了。②通道；道路Allapproachestothetownwereblocked.所有去城里的路都被堵住了③(處理……的)方法；(達到……的)途徑Shedecidedtoadopt/takeadifferentapproachtotheproblem.她決定采取不同的方法解決這個問題。Thejobmarkethaschangedandourapproachtofindingworkmustchangeaswell.就業(yè)市場變了，我們找工作的方法也須改變。[小試牛刀]根據(jù)所給漢語用approach完成句子。1.I’dliketotalkabout___________________________(處理困難的方法)inlearning.2.Thereweredifferencesin_________________________________________(他們教育孩子的方法).3.Iexpect___________________________(秋天的來臨).4.Thereisa__________________________(去市里的新路).Position■n①位置；方位；(恰當(dāng)或正確的)位置：Thepositionenabledustolookoverthelakewiththesunsetinthebackground.（2023全國）這個位置使我們能夠仔細欣賞日落時的湖面。Theorchestrawereallinposition,waitingfortheconductor.管弦樂隊都已各就各位，等待指揮。②姿勢；(物體所指的)方向：Lieinafortableposition.以一種舒適的姿勢躺下Keeptheboxinanuprightposition.把盒子豎著放③地位；身份：Thesocialpositionofeachcharacterinfluencesthewaytheybehavetoeachother.每個人的社會地位影響他們對待彼此的方式。④[正式用語]職位；職務(wù)ajob(post)：HeisthinkingofapplyingforthepositionofChiefEditor.他正在考慮申請主編的位置⑤(比賽中的)名次：Shefinishedtheraceinthirdposition.他在比賽中得了第三名。⑥[常用單數(shù)]處境；狀況Whatwouldyoudoifinmyposition?如果處于我這種狀況你會怎么辦？⑦[常與on連用]立場；觀點；態(tài)度(attitude)Youneedtotakeapositiononthisissue.你需要對這個問題發(fā)表觀點。Ihopeyou’llreconsideryourposition.我希望你能重新考慮你的立場?！鰒t放置；安放；使處于(place)：Ipositionedmyselftotakethebestphotooftheseaview.（2017天津改）我站好位置以便拍到最好的海景照片。[小試牛刀]寫出下列句子中position的漢語釋義。ThroughtheSummerEmploymentOpportunitiesprogram,studentsarehiredeachyearinavarietyofsummerpositions.(2019全國) ______________2.Ididn’tefromafamilywithwealthorposition,butIdidmanagetogetamaster’sdegreeinfinearts. ______________3.Sorry,DoctorWhiteisoutoftownandI’mnotinthepositiontogiveoutthatkindofinformation.______________Eageradj渴望的；熱切的(keen)：Hisclasseswerecrowdedwitheagerstudents.她的課堂上擠滿了求知若渴的學(xué)生。①(be)eagertodosth.渴望做某事Moststudentsareeagertotrysomethingnew.大多數(shù)學(xué)生都渴望嘗試新事物。②(be)eagerforsth.渴望得到...Heiseagerforsuccess.他渴望成功。(be)eagerin(doing)sth.熱衷于...SheiseagerinlearningEnglish.她熱衷于學(xué)習(xí)英語。?eagerlyadv渴望地；熱切地?eagernessn渴望；熱切[小試牛刀]在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.We___________(eager)lookedforwardtothedaywewouldleaveschool.2.Katewasinahurrytogrowup,eager__________knowledgeandexperience.3.Asshewasleavingshewaseager_______(say)goodbyetoeachofusinthenursingteam.(2021全國)4.Iwasn’tabletohidemy____________(eager)whenIasked,“Whatdoyouwishmetodonow?”(2015湖南)Roll■n①卷；卷軸；卷/筒狀物：atoiletroll(BrE)/arolloftoiletpaper一卷衛(wèi)生紙 arolloffilm一卷膠卷②（正式的）名冊；名單：arollcall點名 thehonorroll/therollofhonor光榮榜Thereare620childrenontheschoolroll.學(xué)校的光榮榜上有620名學(xué)生。Theteachercalled/tooktherolltoseeifanystudentswereabsent.老師點名看是否有學(xué)生缺席。③卷狀食品；面包卷：spring/chickenrolls春卷/雞肉卷■vi&vt①（使）翻滾；（使）滾動[搭配]rolleddown滾下來Theapplesfelloutofthebagandrolledeverywhere.蘋果從袋子里掉了出來，滾得到處都是。Tearsslowlyrolleddownhercheeks.眼淚從她臉上慢慢地流了下來。②（使）翻身；打滾；（眼睛）轉(zhuǎn)動：[搭配]rolledover翻身Whilewalking,Inoticedaponyrolloveronhisback.我正走在路上，看見一匹小馬翻身打了個滾。Cassierolledhereyes.卡西翻了個白眼。③使成筒形/球形；卷：[搭配]rolledup卷起Weracedaroundthegardenandrolledabigsnowballtomakealovelysnowman. 為了對一個可愛的雪人，我們在花園里跑來跑去，滾了一個大雪球。Herolleduphissleeves.他卷起袖子。?rollingadj［只用于名詞前］起伏的：（課文）rollinggreenhillsdottedwithsheepandcattle.青山連綿起伏，牛羊點綴其中。[小試牛刀]根據(jù)所給漢語，完成下列句子。1.______________________(滾下來)ahill，Ibrokemyleginmychildhood.2.She_________________________(翻身)toletthesunbrownherback.3._________________________(卷起)yoursleevesandgetreadyforhardwork.Greetvt打招呼；問候；迎接(wele)：greettheNewYear迎新年Hegreetedhisteacherbysaying“Goodmorning!”.他向老師說了句“早安！”[搭配]greetsb.with用...問候某人WheneverImether,shegreetedmewithasweetsmile.每次我見到她，他都笑臉相迎。Whenitwasfirststagedin1949,theplaywasgreetedwithenthusiasticreviews.該劇在1949年首次上映時，好評如潮。?greetingn.①問候；致意；迎接：[搭配]sendgreetingstosb.向某人致以問候Theyexchangedgreetings(=greetedeachother)andsatdowntolunch.他們互相問候，然后坐下來共進午餐。Shewavedafriendlygreeting.她友好地揮手致意。Sheraisedherhandingreeting.她舉起手來打招呼。②[復(fù)數(shù)]祝詞；賀詞；問候語：Christmas/birthdaygreetings圣誕/生日賀詞Mymothersendshergreetingstoyouall.我母親向你們大家問好。[小試牛刀]在空白處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.Itisgoodmannerstogreeteachother___________asmile.2.AsGinniBazlintonreachedAntarctica,shefoundherself________(greet)byagroupoflittleGentoopenguins(企鵝)longingtosayhel