第十二節(jié)名詞性從句講義-高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)

第十二節(jié)名詞性從句〔真題演練〕1.[2022浙江1月]Cobb,forherpart,startedtoaskconferenceorganizerswhoinvitedhertospeakwhether/ifshecoulddosoremotely;aboutthreequartersofthetime,theyagreed.2.[2021全國(guó)新高考Ⅰ]issobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheoutofthisworldscenes.3.[2020浙江7月]Overthousandsofyears,theybegantodependlessonwhatcouldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild，andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.4.[2020江蘇]Itisnotaproblemwhether/ifwecanwinthebattle;it’sjustamatteroftime.5.（經(jīng)典高考）Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidencethattheyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.〔必備知識(shí)〕考點(diǎn)一主語(yǔ)從句連接詞從屬連詞that,whether,if只起連接作用，不在從句中作成分，但一般不可省略。if不可以引導(dǎo)位于句首的主語(yǔ)從句。Whetherhewillattendthemeetingisunknown.他是否會(huì)參加會(huì)議還不知道。連接代詞what,who,whose,which,whatever,whichever,whoever等who（ever）和what（ever）在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)；which（ever）一般在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)；what,which,whose可在從句中作定語(yǔ)。Yoursupportisimportanttoourwork.Whateveryoucandohelps.你的支持對(duì)我們的工作很重要。你能做的任何事情都會(huì)有所幫助。連接副詞how,when,where,why,whenever，wherever等在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。Whenshe’llbebackdependsmuchontheweather.她何時(shí)回來(lái)主要取決于天氣。it作形式主語(yǔ)①I(mǎi)t＋系動(dòng)詞＋形容詞（necessary/likely/important/certain等）＋that從句②It＋系動(dòng)詞＋名詞（短語(yǔ)）（apity/ashame/nowonder等）＋that從句③It＋be＋過(guò)去分詞（said/told/reported等）＋that從句④It＋特殊動(dòng)詞（短語(yǔ)）（occurto/happentosb....）＋that從句Itoccurredtohimthathehadanimportantconferencetoattendthenextmorning.他突然想到，第二天上午他有一個(gè)重要的會(huì)議要參加。考點(diǎn)二賓語(yǔ)從句連接詞從屬連詞that,whether,ifThegoldmedalwillbeawardedtowhoeverwinsfirstplaceinthebicyclerace.這塊金牌將頒發(fā)給這場(chǎng)自行車(chē)比賽中獲得第一名的人。連接代詞what,who,whose,which,whatever,whichever,whoever等連接副詞how,when,where,why,wherever,whenever等it作形式賓語(yǔ)①動(dòng)詞（find/feel/think/consider/make等）＋it＋賓補(bǔ)（形容詞或名詞）＋that從句IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries.寫(xiě)日記成了我的習(xí)慣。②動(dòng)詞（hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy等）＋it＋從句Ihateitwhenpeoplespeakwiththeirmouthsfulloffood.我討厭人們嘴里滿(mǎn)是食物時(shí)說(shuō)話(huà)。③動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)（seeto/dependon/relyon等）＋it＋that從句Wemustseetoitthatallpeopleareequalbeforethelaw.我們必須確保法律面前人人平等。④固定搭配（takeitforgranted/oweittosb.等）+that從句Itakeitforgrantedthathewillsucceed.我認(rèn)為他會(huì)成功是理所當(dāng)然的?？键c(diǎn)三表語(yǔ)從句連接詞從屬連詞that,whetherThisiswhatmyfatherhastaughtme—alwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.這是我父親教我的——總是要面對(duì)困難并寄予最大的希望。連接代詞what,who,whose,which,whatever,whichever,whoever等連接副詞how,when,where,why,wherever,whenever等asif/asthoughasif/asthough意為“好像,仿佛”,引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句常跟在系動(dòng)詞（be,seem,appear,look,taste,sound,feel,smell等）之后。若表語(yǔ)從句所述的是與客觀事實(shí)相反的情況,從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣;若所述的是事實(shí)或是極可能發(fā)生的情況,從句常用陳述語(yǔ)氣。Atthattime,itseemedasthoughIcouldn’tthinkoftherightword.當(dāng)時(shí)，我似乎怎么也想不出一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)淖盅蹃?lái)。becauseThis/That/Itis+because引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句意為“這/那是因?yàn)椤保硎驹?。Fromspace,theearthlooksblue.Thisisbecauseaboutseventyonepercentofitssurfaceiscoveredbywater.從太空中看,地球看起來(lái)是藍(lán)色的。這是因?yàn)榧s百分之七十一的地球表面都被水覆蓋著?？键c(diǎn)四同位語(yǔ)從句連接詞同位語(yǔ)從句在句中作某一名詞的同位語(yǔ),一般位于該名詞之后,說(shuō)明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。其連接詞主要有that,whether,why,who,where,how,when等。在同位語(yǔ)從句中,that和whether不作句子成分,that無(wú)實(shí)際意義,whether表示“是否”；其他連接詞具有實(shí)義，同時(shí)在同位語(yǔ)從句中作一定成分。引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的連接詞一般都不省略。Themanagerputsforwardasuggestionthatweshouldhaveanassistant.Thereistoomuchworktodo.經(jīng)理提出了一個(gè)建議——我們應(yīng)該有個(gè)助手。有太多的工作要做。常跟同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞advice,fact,doubt,suggestion,hope,demand,conclusion,idea,news,order,request,thought,word,wish,promise,truth,information,message,belief,report,desire,problem,possibility等。易錯(cuò)提示1.that和what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句的區(qū)別that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，也沒(méi)有任何含義；而what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，在從句中充當(dāng)一定的句子成分，有實(shí)際含義。It’sashamethathehasmadesuchamistake.真遺憾，他犯了這樣一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。IwilldowhatIcan（do）tohelphim.我將盡我所能來(lái)幫助他。2.whether和if引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句的區(qū)別（1）whether引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句既可放在句首，也可放在句末，但if引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句只能放在句末，且前面需用it作形式主語(yǔ)。Whetheritistrueremainsaquestion.這是否真實(shí)依然是個(gè)問(wèn)題。Itisunknownifhewillattendthemeeting.他是否會(huì)參加會(huì)議還不清楚。（2）whether和if引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，大多數(shù)情況下可以互換，但是如果直接與ornot連用或用于介詞后時(shí)，只能用whether。Wedon’tknowwhetherornotshewasready.我們不知道她是否準(zhǔn)備好了。I’minterestedinwhetheryou’vefinishedthework.我對(duì)你是否完成了這項(xiàng)工作感興趣。（3）whether可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句，而if不可以。Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.問(wèn)題是它是否值得去做。Heoftenaskedmethequestionwhethertheworkwasworthdoing.他經(jīng)常問(wèn)我這項(xiàng)工作是否值得去做的問(wèn)題。〔技巧點(diǎn)撥〕典例1ThestudentpletedthisexperimenttomakewhatProfessorJosephhadsaidetrue.典例2However,thereareproblems.Thebiggestoneisthattherearenotenoughlowpriceditems.〔分層特訓(xùn)〕Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.[2022廣東廣州綜合測(cè)試三]Itwasn’tuntilIwasinmythirties,whileteachingmyyoungsonthebasicsofcooking,thatIrealizedwhathadhappened.2.[2022江蘇泰州高三四調(diào)]WhatfollowedwastirelessworkbyShiandhisteam,plantingseveralspeciesofdroughtenduringtreesoversand.3.[2022河北衡水中學(xué)二調(diào)]Itishopedthatthenewdigitalizedtechnologieswillfacilitatethe“rebirth”oftheculturalrelics,andbringthemtomoreplacesworldwide.4.[2022江蘇鎮(zhèn)江高三期末]Heoncesaid,“Yesterdayishistory.Tomorrowisamystery.Todayisagift.Thatiswhyit’scalledthepresent.”5.[2022安徽黃山高三質(zhì)檢]Whoeverfinisheswithintheshortesttimewins.6.Itdoesn’tmatterwhetheryoupayincashorbycreditcardinthisstore.7.Asadiplomat，heoftenthinksofhowhecanreactmoreappropriatelyonsuchoccasions.8.Thatfashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.9.Scientistshaveobtainedmoreevidencethatplasticisfindingitswayintothehumanbody.10.Somepeoplewhoseintentionistomakebigmoneyappreciatebeinggivenanychancetomultiplytheirine,believingthisiswheretheirhappinesslies.Ⅱ.語(yǔ)法填空[2022江蘇鹽城市高級(jí)實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高三全真模擬二]ACanadiansareextremelyenthusiasticaboutrenewableenergy,andpublicopinionis1clearly（clear）movingtowardsacleanenergyvisionforthefuture.Butwhenyoulookatthelatestpolls,therearestillsomemajorobstaclestoaggressiveclimateaction.You’veprobablyheardthatmostCanadianswantgovernmentstodomoreonclimate.That’swhattwothirdsofthepublictellpollsterswhen2asked（ask）.Butthesametwothirdswilltellyouthey’reprettysatisfiedandthinkthatCanadaisdoingadecentjobdealing3withclimatechange.It’snotbecauseCanadiansaren’tworried.Threequartersofthepublicareconcernedandthelevelofworryisrising—halfofusnowdescribeclimatechangeasa“veryseriousthreat”.Butmostpeoplethinkwe’realreadypulling4our（we）weight.Just25percentofCanadiansthinkwe’redoinglessthanour“fairshare”.Oneofthereally5worrying（worry）trendsinpublicopinionisthenumberofpeoplewhothinktacklingclimatechangeisalreadyalostcause.Abouthalfthepublicthinkwewon’tbeabletolimitclimateimpacts“beforeit’stoolate.”Just35percenthave6confidence（confident）ingovernments’creatingpoliciestoreducegreenhousegasemissions.Andanotherbigobstacleis7thatthemajoritydoesn’tyethaveamentalpictureofthepossiblepathwaysforward.8Butthereisgoodnewsinthelatestpublicresearch.Canadians’visionofthefutureisshiftingrapidly.Thereis9massive（mass）supportforrenewableenergy,acrossalldemographicsandacrosspartylines.Meanwhile,supportforfossilfuelexpansion10isdecreasing（decrease）atpresent.B（原創(chuàng)題）TheMinistryofEducationhaslaunchednewguidelinestorelievestudents’burden.Theministryin2021gavedetailed11suggestions（suggestion）onwhenstudentsshouldgotobedtoensuresufficientsleep.Teachersshouldcontroltheamountofhomework12assigned（assign）tostudentstomakesuretheycanfinishhomeworkatschool.Studentsdon’tneedtoetoschoolearlyandtheyhaveacertainamountofnaptimeatschool.Anothernewpolicyre