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2021屆新高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)完形填空步步高

(2)科教科普類(lèi)1.閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Ascientist1severalmonkeysinordertostudyanimalpsychology.Hetookaglassbottle,2itscork(瓶塞)andputtwopeanutsinsideit.Thepeanutsdroppedtothebottomandwereeasilyseenfromtheoutside.Hethenpassedthebottletoamonkey,whoshookit3foralongwhileandwasabletogetthepeanutswhenthey4fellout.Thescientistthenputsomepeanutsintothebottleagain5hehaddonebeforeandshowedthemonkeythatitonlyneededtoturnthebottleupsidedownforthepeanutstodropout.6themonkeyalwaysignoredhis7.Eachtimeitjustshookthebottlefrantically,withgreat8butwithoutnecessarilyachieving9result.Nowthequestioniswhythemonkeywasunabletounderstand10thescientistinstructs.11becauseallitsattentionswasfocusedonthepeanuts.Instead,itmusttakeitseyesoffthepeanutsandquickly12itsattentiontothe13movementofthescientistandthewaythebottlewasturnedupsidedown.Toachievethis,ithadtocalmdownandnotbe14bytheimpulse(誘惑)ofitsappetite.Yetthemonkeywasnotabletounderstandthis.Itis

like15ofhumanbeings.1.A.keptB.roseC.fedD.caught2.A.movingB.removedC.discoveredD.covered3.A.happilyB.anxiouslyC.hurriedlyD.instantly4.A.suddenlyB.accidentallyC.occasionallyD.quickly5.A.asB.thatC.whatD.until6.A.ButB.WhenC.ThereforeD.Thus7.A.directionsB.explanationsC.performancesD.instructions8.A.effortB.strengthC.powerD.force9.A.expectingB.interestingC.satisfyingD.desired10.A.whatB.howC.whyD.which11.A.ProbablyB.LikelyC.SimplyD.Nearly12.A.putB.sendC.payD.shift13.A.gestureB.mouthC.handD.eye14.A.takenawayB.takenoffC.takenoverD.takenontheinstancelikethisthatrevealsthemonkey’ssomepsychologyisjust15.A.thatB.theC.thoseD.this2.RyanHickmanwasbornintoanAmericanfamily.Whenhewasthreeyearsold,RyanHickmanvisiteda1centerinCaliforniaandfoundwhathewantedtodomost.Amazingly,thenextdayashegreetedhisdad,Damion,hemadea(n)2 ,“I’mgoingtopickupallthebottlesandcansfromeveryoneintheneighborhood.I'llstartanew3myself!"It'snevertoo4tostartabusiness,thoughtherewerenootherstaffbuthimselfwhenthecompanywasstarted.Today,Ryan,agedseven,theworld's5garbageman,istheCEO,managerand6ofRyan'sRecyclingCompany.ThoughRyansayshedoesn'trememberwhatmadeitallstart,heremains7aboutwhatheisdoing.Whenquestionedwhyhedidso,hesaid,“It's8bottlesgettotheocean,andthenanimalsgetsickanddie.”Ryan'sneighborshavebeen9tothelittleboy'sknockingfortheirrecycledgoods.Moreandmore10onescalltoaskforapickuporevenlaydownbagsofbottlesandcansatHickman'sdoor.Atschool,Ryan'sfavoriteactivityishelpingthedustmen11thetrashandtakingawaytherecyclable."MywifeandIsupporthimandwetoldhimthatwheneverhewantsto12 ,hecan,"Damionsaid."Iwanttoseehimwithfriends,buttherecyclingjustmakeshimdelighted.Hehasactually13fiveofhisfriendstojoinhim."AccordingtoDamion,Ryanhas14over$11,000throughrecyclingbottlesandcans.Ryansayshewantstobuyalargetrashtrucktobe15withenoughgarbageandbecomeatruegarbageman.1.A.financialB.recyclingC.deliveringD.industrialD.explanation3.A.investigationD.campaignB.studyC.business4.A.oldB.earlyC.weakD.late5.A.cleverestB.busiestC.wealthiestD.youngest6.A.customerB.employerC.traineeD.employee7.A.enthusiasticB.energeticC.unbearableD.comfortable8.A.whyB.howC.becauseD.when9.A.opposedB.supposedC.accustomedD.devoted10.A.supportiveB.instructiveC.aggressiveD.persuasive11.A.desertB.separateC.circulateD.weed12.A.startB.continueC.quitD.back13.A.persuadedB.urgedC.forcedD.instructed14.A.raisedB.savedC.wastedD.spent15.A.surroundedB.entertainedC.equippedD.loaded閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的a、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Askpeopletonametheworld'stallestpeakandanybodywithsoundgeneralknowledgewillnameMountQomolangma.Butquizthemonitsexact1andmanywillbenotsure.In1975,Chinesesurveyors2thatMountQomolangma(MountEverest)was8848.13metershigh.As3improved,satellites,photoelectricity,radarsandgravitymeasurementtechnologieswere4togetmoreexactfigures.Ofcourse,someonestillhadtocarry5towhatistheworld'srooftop.In2005,aChineseteamscaledQomolangmaandfoundthatitwasnotashighasthat,asthey6theheighttobe8844.43meters.ScalingQomolangmaisno7task.Theaverageairtemperaturethereis-29degreesCelsius,evenfourdegrees8thaninAntarctica.Thesnowthereis4—5metersthickandhurricane-like9blowallthetime.Teammembersweretrainingto10theextremeconditions.Inanutshell,measuringtheQomolangma'sheightisatallorder,11hugeamountsofmoneyandhumanresources,Butitisworththe12 ,Qomolangmaistheperfect13forobservingcrustal(地殼的)movements.Andchangestothepeak'sheightcould14whetherthetwoplatesareheadingtowardorawayfromeachother.Besides,theconditionofsnowandothernaturalmaterialsatthetopisanindicatorofupcomingclimatechangeontheTibet-QinghaiPlateau.That's15measuringtheQomolangma'sheightissosignificant.Puttogooduse,itcanbenefitmankind.2.A.determinedB.assumedC.estimatedD.admitted3.A.conditionB.technologyC.societyD.economy4.A.employedB.expectedC.approachedD.inspired5.A.weaponsB.vehiclesC.instrumentsD.packages6.A.changedB.calculatedC.extendedD.expanded7.A.gloriousB.easyC.admirableD.tough8.A.colderB.hotterC.higherD.lower9.A.snowsB.rainsC.windsD.snowflakes10.A.copewithB.fightforC.takeonD.carryout11.A.wastingB.spendingC.overcomingD.involving12.A.effortB.lossC.harvestD.achievement13.A.channelB.windowC.solutionD.entrance14.A.measureB.foreseeC.indicateD.expose15.A.whereB.howC.whyD.whetherWorldEnvironmentDayiscelebratedworldwideonJunefifth.TheUnitedNations1thisspecialdayin1972togetpeopletothinkabouttakingcareofthe2.PubliceventsforWorldEnvironmentDay3fromJunefirstthroughJunefifth.EveryyearWorldEnvironmentDayiscelebratedinadifferent4.In2005itwasheldinSanFrancisco,California.Themain5ofWorldEnvironmentDaythatyearwas"GreenCities,PlanforthePlanet".Theeventsandconferencesshowedushowtohave"GreenCities".Mostpeopleintheworldliveincities,whichmakesthemespeciallyimportantareasofenvironmental6.Citiesusemorethanseventy-fivepercentageoftheworld'snatural7suchaswaterandgasoline.WorldEnvironmentDaywill8onhowpeopleincitiescanworktogethertohelpsavetheplanet.SanFranciscoheldpublictalkstodiscusspollution9,cleanenergysourcesandtheimportanceofhealthyparksandgardens.Specialexpertswereamongthe10,Forexample,formervice-presidentA1Goretalkedaboutclimatechanges.Therewerealso11eventssuchasmusicconcerts,movies,andartshows.Localfannersandrestaurantownersservedfoodthathadbeen12grown,"green"ofcourse.GavinNewsom13cityleadersfromallovertheworldtoattendthisconferenceand14ideas.TheUnitedNationshopestocreateaninternational15thatcountriesandcitizenswillfollow.1.A.arrangedB.constructedC.conductedD.established2.A.planetB.organizationC.societyD.system3.A.takeapartB.holdupC.takeplaceD.puton4.A.cityB.dateC.wayD.direction5.A.contentB.messageC.moralD.method6.A.referenceB.concernC.developmentD.argument7.A.productsB.powerC.resourcesD.materials8.A.rely B.liveC.dependD.center9.A.disappearanceincreaseB.appearanceC.reductionD.10.A.speakersB.debatersC.competitorsD.candidates11.A.free B.extraC.funD.funny12.A.naturallyB.privatelyC.frequentlyD.preciously13.A.recommendedinvitedB.commandedC.suggestedD.14.A.suggestB.shareC.contributeD.supply15.A.agreementB.contractC.fileD.commentDoyouknowhowmanylanguagesthereareintheworld?Thereareabout5,500,butmanyofthemarenotconsideredvery1.Englishisconsideredoneofthemostimportantlanguagesbecausemanypeople2it,notonlyintheUKandtheUS,butinothercountriesoftheworld.About375millionspeakitastheirownlanguage,andanother750millionuseitasa3language.Itis4tosayhowmanypeoplearelearningit.Millionsofboysandgirlsinschoolsaretryingtodoso.ManyEnglishchildren5French.Frenchisalsoaveryimportantlanguage.SomechildrenlearnGerman,Chinese,JapaneseandRussian,ofwhichChineseisgettingmoreandmorepopular.Whichisthebest6tolearnalanguage?Weknowthatweall

learntthe7languagewellwhenwewere8.Ifwelearnasecondlanguageinthe9way,itmaynotseemsodifficult.Whatdoesasmallchilddo?He10whatpeoplesay,andhetriestoguesswhathehears.Whenhewantssomething,hehasto11it.Heisusingthelanguage,12andtalkinginitatalltimes.Ifpeopleuseasecondlanguageallthetime,theywilllearnit13Inschool,youlearntoread,towrite,tohearandto14.Itisbesttolearnallnewwordsthroughthe15,Youcanreadthem,spellthemandspeakthemlater.1.A.spokenB.happyC.importantD.ideal2.A.loveB.useC.operateD.copy3.A.distantB.secondC.formalD.special4.A.easyB.latestC.difficultD.best5.A.ignoreB.understandC.studyD.communicate6.A.timeB.wayC.thingD.place7.A.foreignB.otherC.universalD.native8.A.learnersB.childrenC.studentsD.talents9.A.sameB.differentC.usefulD.good10.A.talksB.wantsC.criesD.follows11.A.turntoB.gooverC.getthroughD.askfor12.A.jokingB.planningC.thinkingD.doing13.A.fluentlyB.confidentlyC.freelyD.easily

14.A.fightB.singC.speakD.play15.A.mouthB.handsC.ears D.eyes答案以及解析14.A.fightB.singC.speakD.play15.A.mouthB.handsC.ears D.eyes.答案:1.A;2.B;14.C;15.A.答案:1.B;2.B;14.B;15.D3.B;4.B;5.A;6.A;7.D;8.A;9.D;10.A;11.C;12.D;13.C;3.C;4.B;5.D;6.D;7.A;8.C;9.C;10.A;11.B;12.C;13.A;.答案:1-5.DABAC;6-10.BBDCA;11-15.DABCC3.B;4.B;5.A;6.A;7.D;8.A;9.D;10.A;11.C;12.D;13.C;3.C;4.B;5.D;6.D;7.A;8.C;9.C;10.A;11.B;12.C;13.A;解析:1.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:但如果你問(wèn)他們它的確切高度,很多人都不會(huì)確定。A.location位置;B.appearance外貌;C.area地區(qū);D.height高度。根據(jù)下文的1975年以及2005年對(duì)珠峰高度的測(cè)量可知,此處指的是對(duì)其高度的精確測(cè)量。故選D。.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:1975年,中國(guó)測(cè)量員確定珠穆朗瑪峰(MountQomolangma)為8848.13米高。A.determined確定;B.assumed假設(shè);C.estimated估計(jì);D.admitted承認(rèn)。根據(jù)下文As3improved,satellites,photoelectricity,radarsandgravitymeasurementtechnologieswere4togetmoreexactfigures.應(yīng)用先進(jìn)的科技去進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的測(cè)量可知,此空指的是中國(guó)的測(cè)量員確定珠峰的高度是8848.13米。故選A。.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:隨著技術(shù)的進(jìn)步,衛(wèi)星、光電、雷達(dá)和重力測(cè)量技術(shù)被用來(lái)獲得更精確的數(shù)據(jù)。A.condition條件;B.technology技術(shù);C.society社會(huì);D.economy經(jīng)濟(jì)。根據(jù)下文的atllites,photoelectricity,radarsandgravitymeasurementtechnologieswere4togetmoreexactfigures.可知,衛(wèi)星、光電、雷達(dá)和重力測(cè)量技術(shù)都是科技。故選B。.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:隨著技術(shù)的進(jìn)步,衛(wèi)星、光電、雷達(dá)和重力測(cè)量技術(shù)被用來(lái)獲得更精確的數(shù)據(jù)。A.employed運(yùn)用;B.expected期望;C.approached接近;D.inspired鼓舞。根據(jù)下文的togetmoreexactfigures可知,這些高科技被運(yùn)用到測(cè)量珠峰精確的高度中。故選A。.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:當(dāng)然,仍然要有人要攜帶一些設(shè)備到世界屋脊。A.weapons武器;B.vehicles交通工具;Cinstruments設(shè)備;D.packages包裹。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知,測(cè)量是需要設(shè)備儀器的,此處指的是需要攜帶一些設(shè)備登山。故選C。.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:2005年,一個(gè)中國(guó)團(tuán)隊(duì)測(cè)量了珠穆朗瑪峰,發(fā)現(xiàn)它并沒(méi)有那么高,因?yàn)樗麄冇?jì)算的高度是8844.43米。A.changed改變;B.calculated計(jì)算;C.extended延伸;D.expanded擴(kuò)大。根據(jù)上文In2005,aChineseteamscaledQomolangmaandfoundthatitwasnotashighasthat以及下文theheighttobe8844.43meters.可知,此處指的是中國(guó)登山隊(duì)在2005年計(jì)算的珠峰的高度是8844.43米。故選B。.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:攀登珠穆朗瑪峰并非易事。A.glorious光榮的;B.easy容易的;C.admirable令人欽慕的;D.tough艱難的。根據(jù)下文Theaverageairtemperaturethereis29degreesCelsius,evenfourdegrees__8thaninAntarctica.可知,攀登珠峰并不是一件容易的事。故選B。.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:那里的平均氣溫為-29攝氏度,甚至比南極洲低4攝氏度。A.colder更冷的;B.hotter更熱的;C.higher更高的;D.lower更低的。根據(jù)29degreesCelsius可知,此處表示珠峰的溫度比南極洲還要低4攝氏度。故選D。.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:那里的雪有4-5米厚,像颶風(fēng)一樣的風(fēng)一直在吹。A.snows雪;B.rains雨;C.winds風(fēng);D.snowflakes雪花。根據(jù)下文的blow可知,此處表示風(fēng)。故選C。.考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意:隊(duì)員們正在接受為極端條件而戰(zhàn)的訓(xùn)練。A.copewith應(yīng)付;B.fightfor與斗爭(zhēng);C.takeon承擔(dān);D.carryout實(shí)施。根據(jù)theextremeconditions可知,此處表示登山隊(duì)員們正在訓(xùn)練的目的是為了應(yīng)付珠峰的極端條件。故選A。.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:簡(jiǎn)而言之,測(cè)量珠穆朗瑪峰的高度是一項(xiàng)艱巨的任務(wù),涉及大量的資金和人力資源,但值得付出努力。A.wasting浪費(fèi);B.spending花費(fèi);C.overcoming克服;D.invoking涉及。根據(jù)hugeamountsofmoneyandhumanresources可知,測(cè)量珠峰的高度需要投入大量的人力和物力。故選D。.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:簡(jiǎn)而言之,測(cè)量珠穆朗瑪峰的高度是一項(xiàng)艱巨的任務(wù),涉及大量的資金和人力資源,但值得付出努力。A.effort努力;B.loss損失;C.harvest豐收;D.achieverment成就。根據(jù)下文的Puttogooduse,itcanbenefitmankind,如果使用得當(dāng),它可以造福人類(lèi)可知,這項(xiàng)任務(wù)值得去努力做。故選A。.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:珠穆朗瑪峰是觀察地殼運(yùn)動(dòng)的最佳窗口。A.channel頻道;B.window窗口;C.solution解決辦法;D.entrance入口。根據(jù)下文observingcrustal(地殼的)movements.可知,珠峰是觀測(cè)地殼運(yùn)動(dòng)的最佳窗口。故選B。.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:峰頂高度的變化可以表明兩個(gè)板塊是朝著相向還是反方向運(yùn)動(dòng)。A.measure測(cè)量;B.foresee預(yù)見(jiàn);C.indicate表明;D.expose暴露。珠峰兩次測(cè)量高度的化,這就表明兩個(gè)板塊是朝著相向還是反方向運(yùn)動(dòng)。故選C。.考查連接詞詞義辨析。句意:這就是為什么測(cè)量珠穆朗瑪峰的高度是如此重要。A.where哪里;B.how怎樣;C.why為什么;D.whether是否。本句在講述測(cè)量珠峰高度的重要性。所以本句為why引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句。故選C。4.答案:1-5DACAB6-10BCDCA11-15CADBA解析:1.聯(lián)合國(guó)在1972年設(shè)立(establish)這個(gè)特殊的日子。arrange安排;construct建造;conduct管理。.節(jié)日設(shè)置的目的是讓人們考慮保護(hù)我們的星球(planet建organization組織;society社會(huì);system系統(tǒng)。.世界環(huán)境日的公眾活動(dòng)從6月1日到6月5日舉行(takeplace)。takeapart拆開(kāi);holdup舉起;阻擋;puton穿上。.根據(jù)后文可知每年世界環(huán)境日在不同的城市(city)舉辦。date日期;way方式;direction方向。.那一年世界環(huán)境日的主題是"營(yíng)造綠色城市,呵護(hù)地球家園"。content目錄;message消息,mainmessage"主題;主要信息";moral道德;method方法。.根據(jù)上文especiallyimportant可知城市成為特別重要的環(huán)境關(guān)注(concern)領(lǐng)域。reference參考;development發(fā)展;argument爭(zhēng)吵。.根據(jù)下文waterandgasoline可知是指自然資源(resource)。product產(chǎn)品;power力量;material材料。.世界環(huán)境日將以城市居民如何共同努力拯救地球?yàn)橹?(center)。rely依靠;live居住;depend取決于。.環(huán)境保護(hù)的目的是污染的減少(reduction)odisappearance消失;appearance外觀;increase增力口。.根據(jù)下文formervice-presidentAlGoretalkedaboutclimatechanges可知發(fā)言者(speaker)中有一些專(zhuān)家。debater爭(zhēng)論者;competitor競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手;candidate候選人。.根據(jù)下文musicconcerts,movies,andartshows可知是娛樂(lè)(fun)項(xiàng)目。free

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