2021年12月大學英語四級考試閱讀理解真題及答案詳解(全套)

2021年12月大學英語四級考試閱讀理解真題及答案（全套）——幸福就好我亦安2021年12月大學英語四級考試閱讀理解真題（一）【閱讀】SectionCDirections：Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inrecentyears,agrowingbodyofresearchhasshownthatourappetiteandfoodintakeareinfluencedbyalargenumberoffactorsbesidesourbiologicalneedforenergy,includingoureatingenvironmentandourperceptionofthefoodinfrontofus.Studieshaveshown,forinstance,thateatinginfrontoftheTV(orasimilardistraction)canincreasebothhungerandtheamountoffoodconsumed.Evensimplevisualcues,likeplatesizeandlighting,havebeenshowntoaffectportionsizeandconsumption.Anewstudysuggestedthatourshort-termmemoryalsomayplayaroleinappetite.Severalhoursafterameal,people'shungerlevelswerepredictednotbyhowmuchthey’deatenbutratherbyhowmuchfoodthey'dseeninfrontofthem—inotherwords,howmuchtheyrememberedeating.Thisdisparity(蓋棄）suggeststhememoryofourpreviousmealmayhaveabiggerinfluenceonourappetitethantheactualsizeofthemeal,saysJeffreyM.Brunstrom,aprofessorofexperimentalpsychologyattheUniversityofBristol."Hungerisn'tcontrolledsolelybythephysicalcharacteristicsofarecentmeal.Wehaveidentifiedanindependentroleformemoryforthatmeal，"Brunstromsays."Thisshowsthattherelationshipbetweenhungerandfoodintakeismorecomplexthanwethought."Thesefindingsechoearlierresearchthatsuggestsourperceptionoffoodcansometimestrickourbody’sresponsetothefooditself.Ina2021study,forinstance,peoplewhodrankthesame3S0-calorie(卡路里）milkshakeontwoseparateoccasionsproduceddifferentlevelsofhunger-relatedhormones（荷爾蒙），dependingonwhethertheshake’slabelsaiditcontained620or140calories.Moreover,theparticipantsreportedfeelingmorefullwhentheythoughtthey'dconsumedahigher-calorieshake.Whatdoesthismeanforoureatinghabits?Althoughithardlyseemspracticaltotrickourselvesintoeatingless,thenewfindingsdohighlightthebenefitsoffocusingonourfoodandavoidingTVandmultitaskingwhileeating.Theso-calledmindful-eatingstrategiescanfightdistractionsandhelpuscontrolourappetite,Brunstromsays.注意：此部份試題請在答題卡2上作答。56.Whatissaidtobeafactoraffectingourappetiteandfoodintake?A)Howweperceivethefoodweeat.C)Whenweeatourmeals.B)Whatingredientsthefoodcontains.D)Howfastweeatourmeals.57.Whatwouldhappenatmealtimeifyourememberedeatingalotinthepreviousmeal?A)Youwouldprobablybemorepickyaboutfood.B)Youwouldnotfeellikeeatingthesamefood.C)Youwouldhaveagoodappetite.D)Youwouldnotfeelsohungry.58.Whatdowelearnfromthe2021study?A)Foodlabelsmaymisleadconsumersintheirpurchases.B)Foodlabelsmayinfluenceourbody’sresponsetofood.C)Hungerlevelsdependonone'sconsumptionofcalories.D)Peopletendtotakeinalotmorecaloriesthannecessary.59.WhatdoesBrunstromsuggestwedotocontrolourappetite?A)Trickourselvesintoeatingless.C)Concentrateonfoodwhileeating.B)Choosefoodwithfewercalories.D)Pickdishesoftherightsize.60.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A)Eatingdistractionsoftenaffectourfooddigestion.B)Psychologicalfactorsinfluenceourhungerlevels.C)Ourfoodintakeisdeterminedbyourbiologicalneeds.D)Goodeatinghabitswillcontributetoourhealth.PassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Asasocietywemightwanttorethinkthetimeandmoneyspentoneducation,sothattheseresourcescanbenefitagreaterpercentageofthepopulation.Ideally,bothhighschoolsandcollegescanprepareindividualsfortheever-changingrolesthatarelikelytobeexpectedofthem.Highschooldegreesofferfarlessinthewayofpreparationforworkthantheymight,orthanmanyothernationscurrentlyoffer,creatingagrowingskillsgapinoureconomy.Weencouragestudentstogoontocollegewhethertheyarepreparedornot,orhaveaclearsenseofpurposeorinterest,andnowhavethehighestcollegedropoutrateintheworld.Wemightlooktoothercountriesformodelsofhowhighschoolscanofferbettertraining,aswellasthedevelopmentofaworkethic(勤奮工作的美德）andtheintellectualskillsneededforcontinuedlearninganddevelopment.IrecommendHarvard's2021"PathwaystoProsperity"reportformoreattentiontothe"forgottenhalf"(thosewhodonotgoontocollege)andideasabouthowtoaddressthisissue.Simultaneously,theliberalartsbecomemoreimportantthanever.Inaknowledgeeconomywhereprofessionalroleschangerapidlyandmanycollegestudentsarepreparingforpositionsthatmaynotevenexistyet,theskillsetneededisonethatpreparesthemforchangeandcontinuedlearning.Learningtoexpressideaswellinbothwritingandspeech,knowinghowtofindinformation,andknowinghowtodoresearchareall-solidbackgroundskillsforawidevarietyofroles,andsuchtrainingismoreimportantthananyparticularmajorinaliberalartscollege.Weneedtocontinuetovaluebroadpreparationinthinkingskillsihatwillserveforalifetime.Studentsalsoneedtolearntoworkindependentlyandtomakeresponsibledecisions.Thelengtheningpathtoadulthoodappearsexacerbated(惡化）byparentalinvolvementinthecollegeyears.Giventherisinginvestmentincollegeeducation,parentalconcernisnotsurprising,butlearningwhereandwhentointervene(干涉）willhelpstudentstakemoreownershipoftheoutcomesoftheseincreasinglycostlyeducations.注意：此部份試越請在答題卡2上作答。61.Whatkindofeducationdoestheauthorthinkisideal?A)Itbenefitsthegreatmajorityofthegeneralpopulation.B)Itpreparesstudentstomeetthefutureneedsofsociety.C)Itencouragesstudentstolearnthroughouttheirlives.D)Itensuresthatstudents'expectationsaresuccessfullyfulfilled.62.Whatdoestheauthorsayistheproblemwithpresenthighschooleducation?A)Ignoringtheneedsofthosewhodon'tgotocollege.B)Teachingskillstobeusedrightaftergraduationonly.C)Givinglittleattentiontothosehavingdifficultylearning.D)Creatingthehighestdropoutrateinthedevelopedworld.63.Whatcharacterizesaknowledgeeconomyaccordingtothepassage?A)Peoplehavetoreceivehighereducationtoqualifyforaprofessionalposition.B)Studentsmajoringinliberalartsusuallyhavedifficultysecuringajob.C)Newpositionsareconstantlycreatedthatrequirepeopletokeeplearning.D)Collegesfindithardtoteachstudentshowtocopewiththechangingeconomy.64.Whatdoestheauthorthinkaliberalartscollegeshouldfocuson?A)Solidbackgroundknowledgeinaparticularfield.B)Practicalskillsurgentlyneededincurrentsociety.C)Basicskillsneededforchangeandlifelonglearning.D)Usefulthinkingskillsforadvancedacademicresearch.65.Whatsuggestiondocstheauthoroffertoparents?A)Rethinkingthevalueofhighereducation.B)Investingwiselyintheirchildren'seducation.C)Helpingtheirchildrenlobringtheirtalentintofullplay.D)Avoidingtoomuchinterventionintheirchildren’seducation.【答案解析】SectionCPassageOne參考譯文(56)(60)最近幾年來,愈來愈多的研究表明:除對能量的生理需要外,人們的食欲和食物攝取受到諸多因素的影響,包括人們的飲食環(huán)境和對眼前食物的認知。研究表明，例如,在電視機(或類似的消遣)前飲食能夠同時增加饑餓感和食物的攝取量。即便是筒單的視覺信號，比如餐盤的尺寸和燈光,也被證明會對食物分量和攝取量造成影響。(60)新的研究顯示人們的短時間記憶一樣對食欲起作用。(57)飯后幾小時,決定人們饑餓程度的不是他們已食用的食物量,而是他們用飯時眼前所見到的食物量,換言之,是他們所記得的食物量。布里斯托大學實驗心理學教授JeffreyM.Brunstrom以為:這種差別表明人們之前的飲食記憶對食欲造成的影響可能超過食物的真實數(shù)量對食欲造成的影響。"饑餓程度不單單與最近所食食物的特征有關。咱們已經(jīng)確認了最近飲食在記憶中的獨立作用Brunstrom說,"這表明饑餓程度和食物攝取之間的關系要比咱們想象的復雜得多。"這些發(fā)現(xiàn)印證了初期的研究。(60)初期研究表明，人們對食物的認知有時會欺騙身體對食物作出反映.例如：（58)在2021年的一項研究中,參與者在兩個不同場合食用了一樣含有380卡路里的奶昔,可是按照奶昔標簽上標注的是620卡路里仍是140卡路里,參與者分泌出了不同水平的與饑餓相關的荷爾蒙。而且,按照報告，當參與者以為自己食用了高卡路里的奶昔時,他們感覺更飽。這對于人們的飲食習慣意味著什么呢？雖然新發(fā)此刻讓人減少飲食方面顯得不切實除,可是確實能令人們熟悉到專注于食物、避免飲食時看電視或同時進行多項活動的益處。(59)Brunstrom說,所謂的"用心飲食"策略能夠對抗干擾,幫忙人們控制食欲。56.【定位】由題干中的appetite和foodintake定位到首段第一句。A)【精析】事實細節(jié)題。文章開篇指出了人們的食欲和食物攝取受到諸多因素的影響，包括人們的飲食環(huán)境和對眼前食物的認知,故答案為A)。57.【定位】由題干中的remembered和previousmeal定位到第三段第二句。D)【精析】推理判斷題。定位句指出,飯后幾小時,決定人們饑餓程度的不是他們已食用的食物量，而是他們用飯時眼前所見到的食物量,也就是說,影響人們饑餓程度的是他們記憶中的食物量而不是胃里的食物量。由此可推斷,記憶對飲食造成影響，若是記憶中上頓飯吃了很多,那么不論是不是真的吃了很多,都不會感覺太餓,故答案為D)。58.【定位】由題干中的2021study定位到第六段第二句。B)【精析】細節(jié)歸納題。定位句詳細描述了2021年的一項研究。在研究中，參與者在兩個不同場合食用了相同卡路里的奶昔，可是奶昔標簽上別離標注了620卡路里和140卡路里,結果顯示,按照標注的中路里含量,參與者分泌了不同水平的與饑餓相關的荷爾蒙，而且當食用了標注620卡路里的奶昔時,他們感覺更飽。實際上兩份奶昔的卡路里含量是相同的，由于標簽標注的不同,讓人產(chǎn)生自我暗示,令人體對食物產(chǎn)生了不同的反映。故答案為B)。59.【定位】由題干中的controlourappetite定位到文章最后一句。C)【精析】細節(jié)歸納題。定位句指出，所謂的"用心飲食"策略能夠對抗干擾,幫忙人們控制食欲。也就是Brunstrom建議咱們通過"用心飲食"策略控制飲食用心飲食"和前文中提到的"專注于食物"相照顧,故答案為C)。60.【定位】由題干中的mainidea定位到各部份主題句。如第一段的第一句、第三段的第一句、第六段的第一句和最后一句。B)【精析】主旨大意題。全文可分為三個部份,第一部份提出論點——人們的食欲和食物攝取受到包括環(huán)境和對食物的認知等諸多因素的影響。第二部分引用相關科學研究論證這些影響因素，特別指出飲食環(huán)境、對食物的記憶、食物包裝上的標簽對人產(chǎn)生的心理暗示作用影響飲食。最后一部分提出通過專注飲食來控制食欲的建議。對食物及飲食環(huán)境的認知，對食物的記憶，食物標簽產(chǎn)生的心理暗示等都屬于心理因素,統(tǒng)觀全文,作者一直圍繞心理因素對食欲的影響展開論述，故答案為B)。Passagetwo參考譯文咱們的社會應該反思花費在教育上的時間和金錢,以便這些資源能使更多的人受益。(61)理想上,高中和大學都應該能培育可以適應未來角色轉變的學生。(62)高中學歷所提供給學生的就業(yè)準備遠比預期少,或遠比目前其他國家所提供的少,因此造成了經(jīng)濟中不新擴大的技術差距。無論學生有無做好準備,有無明確的目標或興趣,咱們都鼓勵他們繼續(xù)讀大學,因此產(chǎn)生了自前世界上最高的大學停學率。咱們可以借鑒其他國家的做法,學習高中階段如何提供更好的培訓，同時培育學生勤奮工作的美德及繼續(xù)學習和發(fā)展所需的心智技術。我向大家推薦哈佛大學2021年"邁向繁榮之路"報告,來更多地關注"被遺忘的一半"(那些沒上大學的人)和解決這一問題的觀點。同時,人文科學比以往任何階段都更重要。(63)在知識型經(jīng)濟中，職業(yè)角色迅速轉變,很多大學生為之準備的職位乃至可能還不存在,他們所需的是能讓他們適應轉變和繼續(xù)學習的技術組合。(64)學會在書面和口頭陳述中很好地表達觀點,知道如何尋覓信息及如何作調(diào)查研究都是為適應各種不同角色所應具有的扎實的背景技術。在文理學院,此類的培訓比任何一門專業(yè)都重要。咱們需要繼續(xù)重視并普遍培育將會終生受益的思維技術。學生們還需要學會獨立學習,學會做出負責任的決定。由于家長在大學階段的參與,通向成年的漫長道路看起來仿佛更長了?？紤]到對大學教育不斷爬升的投資,家長的擔憂也不足為奇，(65)可是學會如何地進行干涉將會有助于學生享受這些日趨昂責的教育所帶來的功效。答案詳解61.【定位】由題干中的ideal定位到第一段第二句。B)【精析】語義理解題。定位句指出:理想上,高中和大學都應該能培育學生適應未來角色的轉變。此句表明在未來社會中，人們的角色會不斷發(fā)生變化,理想的教育就是能培育適應這種轉變的人材，也就是說,理想的教育可以知足未來社會的需求，故答案為B)。62.【定位】由題干中的problem,highschool定位到第二段。D)【精析】事實細節(jié)題。作者在文章第二段論述了目前高中教育的問題,如提供給學生的就業(yè)準備不足,造成了經(jīng)濟中不斷擴大的技術差距。盲目鼓勵學生讀大學造成了目前世界上最高的大學綴學率,故答案為D)。63.【定位】由題干中的knowledgeeconomy定位到第四段第二句。C)【精析】細節(jié)推斷題。定位句提到，在知識型經(jīng)濟中,職業(yè)角色轉變迅速,很多大學生為之準備的職位乃至可能還不存在。由此可推斷,知識型經(jīng)濟的特征是職業(yè)的迅速轉變,新的職位不斷地被創(chuàng)造,有些念書時還不存在的職位可能在畢業(yè)時出現(xiàn),屆時,在學校里學到的知識就遠遠不夠了，因這人們需要持續(xù)學習來適應這些不斷被創(chuàng)造出的新職位，故答案為C)。64.【定位】由題干中的liberalartscollege定位到第五段第一句。C)【精析】細節(jié)歸納題。文章第五段提到在文理學院,這些培訓比任何一門專業(yè)都重要。"這些培訓"指上文提到的"學會在口失和書面陳述中很好地表達觀點，知道如何尋覓信息而且知道如何作調(diào)査研究",而這些技術培訓是為了適應未來的變化，故答案為C)。65.【定位】由題干中的suggestion和parents定位到文章最后一句?！揪觥考毠?jié)歸納題。最后一段提到由于家長在大學階段的參與，通向成年的漫長道路看起來好像更長了",這句話咱們可以理解為家長在大學階段過量參與孩子的教育會影響孩子的成長。文章最后指出"學會何時何地進行干涉將會有助于學生享受這些日趨昂貴的教育所帶來的功效。"也就是說，作者建議家長學會適當?shù)膮⑴c，避免過量的干涉,這樣才能使孩子更好地成長,使教育取得更大的成效,故答案為D)。

2021年12月大學英語四級考試閱讀理解真題(二)Part3SectionC【閱讀理解】SectionCDirections：Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Arecentglobalsurveyof2000high-net-worthindividualsfoundthat60%werenotplanningonatraditionalretirement.AmongUSparticipants,75%expectedtocontinueworkinginsomecapacityevenaftersteppingawayfromfull-timejobs."Manyofthesepeoplemadetheirwealthbydoingsomethingthey'repassionate(有激情的）about,"saysDanielEgan,headofbehavioralfinanceforBarclaysWealthAmericas."Giventhechoice,theyprefertocontinueworking."Barclayscallsthesepeople“nevertirees”.UnlikemanyAmericanscompelledintoearlyretirementbycompanyrestrictions,theaveragenevertireeoftenhasnooneforcinghishand.If106-year-oldinvestorIrvingKahn,headofhisownfamilyfirm,wantstokeepcomingtoworkeveryday,who'sgoingtostophim?Seventy-eight-year-oldSupremeCourtJusticeRuthBaderGinsburg’sjobsecurityisguaranteedintheConstitution.Itmayseemthattheseelderlypeoplearetryingtocheatdeath.Infact,theyare.Andit’sworking.HowardFriedman,aprofessoratUCRiverside,foundinhisresearchthatthosewhoworkhardestandaresuccessfulintheircareersoftenlivethelongestlives."Peoplearegenerallybeinggivenbadadvicetoslowdown,takeiteasy,stopworrying,andretiretoFlorida，"hesays.Hedescribedonestudyparticipant,stillworkingattheageof100,whowasrecentlydisappointedtoseehissonretire."We'rebeginningtoseeachangeinhowpeopleviewretirement，"saysGeorgeLeeson,co-directoroftheInstituteofPopulationAgeingatOxford.Whereonceretirementwasseenasabriefrewardafteralongstrugglethroughsomemiserablejob,itisnowakin(近似）tobeingcastaside.WhatLeesonterms"theWarrenBuffetteffect"isbecomingmorebroadlyappealingasindividualscometo"viewretirementasnotsimplybeinglinkedtoeconomicproductivitybutalsoaboutcontribution."Observersaresplitonwhetherthisisawhollygoodthing.Ontheonehand,companiesandfinancialfirmscanbenefitfromthewisdomofaresilient(堅韌的）chief.Ontheother,thenewgenerationcanfinditmoredifficulttoadvance—anargumentthattypicallyholdslittleswaytoanevertiree.注意：此部份試題請在答題卡2上作答。56.Whatdowelearnabouttheso-called“nevertirees”？A)Theyarepassionateaboutmakingafortune.B)Theyhavenochoicebuttocontinueworking.C)Theylovewhattheydoandchoosenottoretire.D)Theywillnotretireunlesstheyarecompelledto.57.WhatdoIrvingKahnandRuthBaderGinsburghaveincommon?A)Neitherofthemissubjecttoforcedretirement.B)Neitherofthemdesiresrewardfortheirwork.C)Bothclingtotheirpositionsdespiteopposition.D)Botharecapableofcopingwithheavyworkloads.58.WhatisthefindingofHowardFriedman’sresearch?A)Theharderyouwork,thebiggeryourfortunewillbe.B)Theearlieryouretire,thehealthieryouwillbe.C)Elderlypeoplehavetoslowdowntolivelonger.D)Workingatanadvancedagelengthenspeople’slife.59.Whatisthetraditionalviewofretirementaccordingtothepassage?A)Itmeansaburdentotheyoungergeneration.B)Itisasymbolofamatureandcivilizedsociety.C)Itisacompensationforone'slife-longhardwork.D)Ithelpsincreaseanation’seconomicproductivity.60.Whatdocriticssayabout"nevertirees"?A)Theyareanobstacletoacompany’sdevelopment.B)Theylackthecreativityoftheyoungergeneration.C)Theycannotworkasefficientlyastheyusedto.D)Theypreventyoungpeoplefromgettingahead.PassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.WhenwetalkaboutAmericansbarelyintoadulthoodwhoaresaddledwithunbearablelevelsofdebt*theconversationisalmostalwaysaboutstudentloandebt.Butthere’sagrowingbodyofevidencesuggestingthattoday’syoungadultsarealsodrowningincredit-carddebt-andthatmanyofthemwilltakethisdebttotheirgraves.Morethan20%overspenttheirincomebymorethan$100everysinglemonth.Sincetheyhaven’tbuiltuptheircredithistoriesyet,it'sasafebetthattheseyoungadultsarepayingrelativelyhighinterestratesontheresultingcreditcarddebt.Althoughmanyyoungpeopleblame"socializing"asabarriertosavingmoney,mostofthemaren’tknockingback$20drinksintrendy(時尚的）lounges.They’restrugglingwithmuchmoredailyfinancialdemands.Toadisturbinglylargeextent,theyoungandthebrokearerelyingoncreditcardstomakeituntiltheirnextpayday.Thisobviouslyisn’tsustainableinthelongrun,andit’sgoingtoputahugedragontheirspendingpowerevenaftertheyreachtheirpeakearningyears,becausethey’llstillbepayinginterestonthatbottleoforangejuiceorboxofspaghetti(意式面條）theyboughtadecadeearlier.AnewstudyoutofOhioStateUniversityfoundthatyoungadultsareaccumulatingcreditcarddebtatamorerapidratethanotheragegroups,andthatthey'resloweratpayingitoff."Ifwhatwefoundcontinuestoholdtrue,wemayhavemoreelderlypeoplewithsubstantialfinancialproblemsinthefuture’"warnsLuciaDunn,professorofeconomicsatOhioState."Ifourfindingspersist,wemaybefacedwithafinancialcrisisamongelderlypeoplewhocan’tpayofftheircreditcards."Dunnsaysalotoftheseyoungpeoplearenevergoingtogetoutfromundertheircreditcarddebt."Manypeopleareborrowingoncreditcardssoheavilythatpayoffratesattheselevelsarenotsufficienttorecovertheircreditcarddebtbytheendoftheirlife*whichcouldhavelossimplicationsforthecreditcardissuingbanks,"注意：此部份試題請在答題卡2上作答。61.Whatisthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?A)ManyyoungAmericanswillneverbeabletopayofftheirdebts.B)Creditcardsplayanincreasinglyimportantroleincollegelife.C)Creditcardsaredoingmoreharmthanstudentloans.D)TheAmericancreditcardsystemisundercriticism.62.Whydoyoungpeoplehavetopayahigherinterestontheircreditcarddebt?A)Theytendtoforgetaboutthedeadlines.B)Theyhaven'tdevelopedacredithistory.C)Theyareoftenunabletopaybackintime.D)Theyareinexperiencedinmanagingmoney.63.Whatissaidtobetheconsequenceofyoungadultsrelyingoncreditcardstomakeendsmeet?A)Itwillplaceanunnecessaryburdenonsociety.B)Itwillgivethemnomotivationtoworkhard.C)Itwillexertpsychologicalpressureonthem.D)Itwillaffecttheirfuturespendingpower.64.WhatwillhappentoyoungadultsiftheircreditcarddebtkeepsaccumulatingaccordingtoLuciaDunn?A)Theywillhavetopayanincreasinglyhigherinterestrate.B)Theymayexperienceafinancialcrisisintheiroldage.C)Theirqualityoflifewillbeaffected.D)Theircreditcardsmaybecancelled.65.WhatdoesLuciaDunnthinkmightbeariskforthecreditcardissuingbanks?A)Theygobankruptasaresultofover-lending.B)Theyloselargenumbersoftheirregularclients.C)Theirclientsleavetheirdebtsunpaidupondeath.D)Theirinterestrateshavetobereducednowandthen.【答案解析】SectionCPassageOne參考譯文最近一項由2000位高凈值客戶參與的全世界范圍的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),60%的人并未打算正常退休。參與此項調(diào)查的美國人中,75%的人希望從全職工作退休以后能盡其所能繼續(xù)工作。(56)"這些人當中有很多是通過去做自己感興趣的事情來獲取財富的,"美洲巴克萊財富行為財務主管DanielEgan說若是能自由選擇,他們更愿意繼續(xù)工作下去。"巴克萊把這些人稱為"永不退休者"。與很多按照公司規(guī)定不能不提前退休的美國人不同，對"永不退休者"來講,沒人能強迫他們退休。(57)此刻106歲的投資家IrvingKahn是家族企業(yè)的老總,若是他想堅持天天到公司上班,誰會阻止他呢？《美國憲法》保證現(xiàn)年78歲高齡的最高法院法官RuthBaderGinsburg的工作安全。這些老年人似乎是正在嘗試逃避死亡。事實確實如此,而且這也的確起到了必然的作用。(58)加州大學河濱分校的教授HowardFriedman的研究表明,工作最盡力和事業(yè)上有所成績的人通?；畹米铋L。"人們通常被建議要慢下來,放輕松,不要著急,然后退休去佛羅里達,這種建議其實不好，"他說。他還描述了一名受調(diào)查者.雖然100歲的高齡但仍然堅持工作,最近看到自己的兒子退休感覺很失望。牛津人口老齡化研究所主任GeorgeLeeson說咱們發(fā)現(xiàn)人們對待退休的態(tài)度開始發(fā)生轉變。"(59)過去,人們曾以為退休是他們在某個令人痛苦的工作職位上長期奮斗后的即時獎勵,而此刻人們以為退休與被遺棄類似。隨著人們開始意識到"退休不單單是簡單地與經(jīng)濟生產(chǎn)力相聯(lián)系,而且也關乎貢獻Leeson提出的-沃倫?巴菲特效應"也愈來愈流行。(60)關于這是不是完滿是一件好事情,評論家們各持己見。一方面,企業(yè)和金融公司可以受益于堅韌的領導人的智慧。另一方面,下一代人要想進一步發(fā)展會加倍困難,可是這一點對于一個"永不退休者"來講影響不大。答案詳解56.【定位】由題干中的so-called"nevertirees"定位到第一段第三至五句。C)【精析】細節(jié)椎斷題。由定位句可知，有些人是通過做自己感興趣的事情來獲取財富的，若是能自由選擇,他們更愿意繼續(xù)工作下去。巴克萊把這些人稱為"永不退休者"。由此可見，永不退休者喜歡他們的工作.選擇不退休,故答案為C)。57.【定位】由題干中的IrvingKahn和RuthBaderGinsburg定位到第二段第二、三句。A)【精析】細節(jié)推斷題。第二段首句提到，沒有人能強迫"永不退休者"退休,接著定位句指出，沒有人會阻止IrvingKahn去上班,《美國憲法》保證法官RuthBaderGinsburg的工作安全。換言之，他們的一路點就是沒有人強迫他們退休,故答案為A)。58.【定位】由題干中的HowardFriedman'sresearch定位到第三段第四至六句。D)【精析】細節(jié)推斷題。由定位句可知，HowardFriedman的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),工作最盡力和事業(yè)上有所成績的人通?；畹米铋L。也就是說,老年人工作能夠延長壽命,故答案為D)。59.【定位】由題干中的traditionalviewofretirement定位到第四段第二句。C)【精析】事實細節(jié)題。由定位句可知,過去人們曾以為退休是他們在某個令人痛苦的工作職位上長期奮斗后的即時獎勵。由此可見,傳統(tǒng)的觀點認為退休是對人們長時間盡力工作的一種補償,故答案為C)。60.【定位】由題干中的critics定位到最后一段。D)【精析】觀點態(tài)度題。定位段指出，下一代人要想進一談發(fā)展會加倍困難,可是這一點對于一個"永不退休者"來講影響不大。由此可見,評論家們認為"永不退休者"阻礙了下一代人的發(fā)展，故答案為D)。參考譯文(61)當咱們談論那些剛剛步入成年而義欠債累累的美同人的時候,咱們的談話內(nèi)容幾乎全數(shù)是學生的貸款?？墒?愈來愈多的證據(jù)顯示,今天的年輕人也陷人了信用卡債務的泥潭當中很多人將會把這個債務直接帶進墳墓。超過20%的人每一個月會超支100多美元。(62)因為他們尚未成立起信用記錄,但可以肯定的是,這些年輕人在為產(chǎn)生的信用卡債務支付相對較高的利息。雖然很連年輕人責備"社交"是阻礙他們存錢的一個因素,可是他們大多數(shù)人并無在時尚的酒吧豪飲20美元的酒，而是在與更多的日常開支作斗爭。(63)令人不安的是，年輕人和身無分文的人在很大程度上都依賴信用來維持生計，直到下次發(fā)工資。從久遠看,這樣的做法很明顯不會長久,會嚴重影響他們的購買力，即便是賺錢最多的時候,因為他們?nèi)匀辉跒樵缭谑昵百I的那瓶澄汁或那盒面條支付利息。(64)俄亥俄州立大學的一項新研究發(fā)現(xiàn),與其他的年齡群體相較,年輕人積累信用卡債務的速度要更快,而他們的償還能力比較弱。俄亥俄州立大學的經(jīng)濟學教授LudaDunn警告說若是咱們的發(fā)現(xiàn)仍然被證明是正確的話,咱們未來可能會有更多的老人面臨龐大的財務問題,那些不能償還信用卡的老年人可能會面臨財務危機。"(65)Dunn說,這些年輕人中的許多人永遠也無法從信用卡債務中走出來。"很多人從信用卡里大量地借錢,但依照他們的償還能力，到死也不足以償還信用卡債務，這將潛在地致使信用卡簽發(fā)銀行的損失"。答案詳解61.【定位】由題干中的thefirstparagraph定位到第一段。A)【精析】主旨大意題。定位段通過學生貸款引出年輕人的信用卡債務。最后一句“今天的年輕人也陷入了信用卡債務的泥潭當中……很多人將會把這個債務直接帶進墳墓?！秉c明了文章主題。由此可見,很連年輕人永遠都償還不完他們的債務，故答案為A)。62.【定位】由題干中的payahigherinterest定位到第二段第二句。B)【精析】事實細節(jié)題。定位句明確指出因為年輕人尚未成立起信用記錄,但可以肯定的是這些年輕人在為產(chǎn)生的信用卡債務支付相對較高的利息。"故答案為B)。63.【定位】由題干中的relyingoncreditcards定位到第四段。D)【精析】事實細節(jié)題。定位段明確指出年輕和身無分文的人在很大程度上都依賴信用卡維持生計,直到下次發(fā)工資。從久遠看,這樣做法很明顯不會長久,會嚴重影響他們的購買力。"由此可見,年輕人依托信用卡維持生計將影響他們未來的購買力，故答案為D)。64.【定位】由題干中的LuciaDunn和accumulating定位到倒數(shù)第二段。B)【精析】事實細節(jié)題。定位段明確指出與其他的年齡群體相較，年輕人積累信用卡債務的速度要更快……若是咱們的發(fā)現(xiàn)仍然被證明是正確的話,咱們未來可能會有更多的老人面臨龐大的財務問題,那些不能償還信用卡債務的老年人可能會面臨財務危機。"由此可見，若是年輕人的信用卡債務持續(xù)積累，等他們年老的時候可能會遭遇財務危機,故答案為B)。65.【定位】由題干中的creditcardissuingbanks定位到最后一段。C)【精析】事實細節(jié)題。定位段明確指出"很多人從信用卡中大量地借錢,但依照他們的償還能力，到死也不足以償還信用卡債務,這將潛在地致使信用卡簽發(fā)銀行的損失。"由此可見,Dunn以為客戶到死也沒償清債務可能會對信用卡簽發(fā)銀行組成風險，故答案為C)。

2021年12月大學英語四級考試閱讀理解真題(三)Part3SectionC【閱讀理解】SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedv4),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Anewstudyshowsalargegendergaponeconomicpolicyamongthenation’sprofessionaleconomists,adividesimilartothegenderdividefoundinthegeneralpublic."Asagroup,wearepro-market"saysAnnMariMay,co-authorofthestudyandaUniversityofNebraskaeconomist."Butwomenaremorelikelytoacceptgovernmentregulationandinvolvementineconomicactivitythanourmalecolleagues.”“It’sverypuzzling,”saysfreemarketeconomistVeroniquedeRugyoftheMercatusCenteratGeorgeMasonUniversity."NotadaygoesbythatIdon'taskmyselfwhytherearesofewwomeneconomistsonthefreemarketside.”AnativeofFrance,deRugysupportedgovernmentintervention(干涉）earlyinherlifebutchangedhermindafterstudyingeconomics."Wewantmanyofthesamethingsasliberals—lesspoverty,morehealthcare--buthaveradicallydifferentideasonhowtoachieveit.LiberaleconomistDeanBaker,co-founderoftheCenterforEconomicPolicyandResearch,saysmaleeconomistshavebeenontheinsideoftheprofession,confirmingeachother’santi-regulationviews.Women,asoutsiders,"aremorelikelytothinkindependentlyoratleastseepeopleoutsideoftheeconomicsprofessionasformingtheirpeergroup,"hesays.Thegenderbalanceineconomicsischanging.One-thirdofeconomicsdoctorates(博士學位）nowgotowomen."Morediversityisneededatthetablewhenpublicpolicyisdiscussed,"Maysays.Economistsdoagreeonsomethings.FemaleeconomistsagreewithmenthatEuropehastoomuchregulationandthatWal-martisgoodforsociety.Maleeconomistsagreewiththeirfemalecolleaguesthatmilitaryspendingistoohigh.Thegendersaremostdivorcedfromeachotheronthequestionofequalityforwomen.Maleeconomistsoverwhelminglythinkthewagegapbetweenmenandwomenislargelytheresultofindividuals'skills,experienceandvoluntarychoices.Femaleeconomistsoverwhelminglydisagreebyamarginof4-to-l.Thebiggestdisagreement：76%ofwomensayfacultyopportunitiesineconomicsfavormen.Maleeconomistspointtheoppositeway：80%saywomenarefavoredortheprocessisneutral.注意：此部份試題請在答題卡2上作答。56.Whatisthefindingofthenewstudy?A)Thegenderdivideisabigconcernofthegeneralpublic.B)Menandwomenunderstandeconomicsquitedifferently.C)Thegapbetweenmaleandfemaleeconomistsneedstobeclosed.D)Maleandfemaleeconomistsdisagreewidelyoneconomicpolicy.57.WhatdoesAnnMariMaysayaboutfemaleeconomists?A)Theyarestronglyagainstmaledominationintheeconomicsprofession.B)Theytendtosupportgovernmentinterventionineconomicactivity.C)Theyusuallyplayanactiveroleinpublicpolicy-making.D)Theyaremostlystrongadvocatesoffreemarketeconomy.58.WhatdowelearnabouteconomistVeroniquedeRugy?A)Sherepresentsmostfemaleeconomists'standpoint.B)Shedevotesherselftoeliminatingwomen'spoverty.C)Herstudyofeconomicschangedherviewongovernment'sroleineconomicactivities.D)Heracademicbackgroundhelpedhergetintotheinnercircleoftheeconomicsprofession.59.WhatdoesAnnMariMayimplyaboutpublicpolicy-making?A)Morefemaleeconomistsshouldgetinvolved.B)Itshoulddojusticetofemaleeconomists’studies.C)Moreattentionshouldbepaidtowomen’srights.D)Itshouldaimatsustainabledevelopment.60.Onwhatissuedomaleandfemaleeconomistsdiffermost?A)Governmentregulation.C)Militaryspending.B)Jobcreation.D)Genderequality.PassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thenumberofpostgraduatestudentstravellingfromnon-EUcountriestostudyatUKuniversitieshasfallenforthefirsttimein16years,fuellingfearsthatthegovernment'simmigrationcrackdownisdiscouragingthousandsofthebrighteststudentsfromcontinuingtheirstudiesinBritain.JoBeall,BritishCouncildirectorofeducationandsociety,saidthefallwouldcausealarmamongUKvice-chancellors(大學行政主管）."Thesectorwasexpectingadeclineingrowth,buttheactualreductioninpostgraduatenumbersisofrealconcernasinternationalstudentsmakeupthemajorityofnumbersinmanypostgraduatecoursesandresearchteamsinscience,technology,engineeringandmathematics.”“AttractingthebrightestandmostambitiouspostgraduateandresearchstudentsiscriticaliftheUKistomaintainitsqualityreputationforresearch,"Beallsaid.Universitiesgetathirdoftheirtuition(學費）feerevenuefromnon-EUstudents.Thereisgrowingfearamongvice-chancellorsthatthisrevenue-aswellasthecultural,academicandeconomicbenefitinternationalstudentsbeing-isbeingputatrisk.TimWestlake,directorforthestudentexperienceatManchesterUniversity,saidstudentswhosefamiliesreliedonthemworkingintheUKaftertheirstudiestogainexperienceandrepaythefeeswerestartingtolookelsewhere.Lastmonththehomesecretary,TheresaMay,announcedthatembassystaffwouldinterviewmorethan100000applicantsinanattempttopreventbogus(冒充的）onesenteringthecountry.ShealsosaidimmigrantswereresponsibleforpushingupUKhouseprices.Thecommentsfollowedtheintroductionofnewlimitationsonstudents'ri