2024年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題10非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

語(yǔ)法專題10非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)法專題10非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞【定義】非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一些特殊的動(dòng)詞，它們?cè)诰渲胁荒軉为?dú)作謂語(yǔ)，而有謂語(yǔ)以外的其他語(yǔ)法功能，在句子中不受主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)的限制，但仍有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化，也可以帶賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞三種。動(dòng)詞不定式由“to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，在特殊情況下有時(shí)to可以省略。動(dòng)詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，同時(shí)也具有動(dòng)詞的部分特征，能充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等成分。動(dòng)名詞由動(dòng)詞加ing構(gòu)成，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種。它們?cè)诰渲凶鞫ㄕZ(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。【知識(shí)歸納】動(dòng)詞不定式功能例句主語(yǔ)TospeakEnglishwellisn’taneasyjob.賓語(yǔ)Theydecidedtochangetheirmind.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Hehelpsthelittlegirltofinishherhomeworkeveryday.定語(yǔ)Heisalwaysthefirsttoeandthelasttoleave.表語(yǔ)Ourplanistosetupanothermiddleschoolforthechildren.狀語(yǔ)目的Everymorninghegetsupveryearlytoexercise.結(jié)果Hereturnedhometolearnhissonhadgonetothecountryside.【特例清單】1.不定式作賓語(yǔ)(1)一些謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后只能用不定式作賓語(yǔ)，常見的這類詞是表示命令、打算或希望的wouldlike，like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect等例：Wouldyouliketoseeafilmthisevening?你今晚想去看一場(chǎng)電影嗎?(2)在find，think后面接不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it代替，而將真正的賓語(yǔ)放在句末例：IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.我發(fā)現(xiàn)每天讀英語(yǔ)很容易。(3)常見的一些不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式：whynotdo…，hadbetter(not)do…，wouldratherdo，could/would/willyouplease(not)do…2.不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)與賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系例：Lucyaskedhimtoturndowntheradio.露西讓他將收音機(jī)的音量調(diào)低。tell，ask，want，allow，get，wouldlike，encourage后面常接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)例：MymotherencouragesmetolearnJapanese.我母親鼓勵(lì)我學(xué)日語(yǔ)?！咀⒁狻窟€有一些使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞也用不定式作賓補(bǔ)，這時(shí)不定式要省略to。這些動(dòng)詞有：一感(feel)、一幫(help)、二聽(hear，listento)、三讓(let，make，have)、四看(lookat，see，watch，notice)但變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，必須加上to例：Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.老板讓他們工作了一整夜。3.不定式作定語(yǔ)(1)不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)放在名詞之后。它與名詞有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系(2)如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，且與所修飾的詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，要在不定式后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~例：Thereisnothingtoworryabout.沒有什么可擔(dān)心的。特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)例句too…to結(jié)構(gòu)Shewastoosurprisedtoseehowangryherfatherwas.Not+不定式Theteachertoldthestudentsnottoplaysoccerontheroad.疑問詞+不定式作主語(yǔ)Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.作賓語(yǔ)Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.作表語(yǔ)Thequestioniswheretofindthewater.for+名詞（代詞的賓格）+不定式Itisnecessaryforustolearnfromeachother.of+名詞（代詞的賓格）+不定式ItisverykindofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish.【特例清單】1.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而將真正的主語(yǔ)放在句末，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：It+be+adj.+(for/ofsb.)+動(dòng)詞不定式例：TolearnEnglishwellisuseful.→ItisusefultolearnEnglishwell.It’simportantforustoprotecttheenvironment.【注意】在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品質(zhì)的形容詞后，不用for而用of例：It’sverykindofyoutohelpme.你幫助我真是太好啦。It’sverycleverofyoutodolikethat.你那樣做真是太聰明啦。2.不定式常和疑問詞what，which，when，where，how連用，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句例：Theteacheristellingthestudentswhattodo.老師正告訴學(xué)生要做什么。Hedidn’tknowwheretogo.他不知道去哪里。(wheretogo=whereheshouldgo)課堂總結(jié)課堂總結(jié)即學(xué)即練：Alanoftengoestotheoldpeople’shome________uptheoldandtakecareofthem.A．cheer B．cheering C．cheered D．tocheer—Ican’tdecidehowtodowithsomanyoldclothes.—Whynotsend_____themtoacharity?A．tosend B．sending C．send D．sent3.—Whatdoyouthinkisthebestway________English?—Weshoulduseiteveryday.learn B．learns C．tolearn D．Learning4、Theforeignerspokeveryslowlyandtriedtomakehimself________．

A.understand B.understandingC.understood D.tounderstand5.It’sapleasure________ageniuslikeyou,DrEinstein.A．drive B．driving C．drove D．todrive6.—Doesyourmothermakeyou________houseworkeveryday?—No.Infact,Ioffer________thedisheseveryday.A．do;todo B．doing;todo C．do;doing D．todo;doing7.Youlooktired.Letme________

youtocarrytheseboxes.

Thankyou,butIcanmakeit.A.helping

B.help

C.helped

D.tohelp動(dòng)詞ing形式功能例句主語(yǔ)Skatingonthethiniceisdangerous.賓語(yǔ)Ifinisheddoingmyhomework.表語(yǔ)Thenurse’sjobislookingafterthepatients.定語(yǔ)Sheisreadinginthereadingroom.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Hekeptthemachinerunningfortenhours.狀語(yǔ)Theywentoutoftheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.【特例清單】1.英語(yǔ)中一些詞后常跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。初中階段這類詞有：finish(完成),mind(介意),beworth(值得),bebusy(忙于),practice(練習(xí)),havefun(玩得高興),feellike(想要),beusedto(習(xí)慣于),consider(考慮),enjoy(喜歡)2.主語(yǔ)+be+happy(glad,pleased,angry,sorry,careful,ready等)+todosth.例：I’mgladtoseeyouagain.我很高興再次見到你。I’msorrytohearthat.聽到這個(gè)消息我感到遺憾。3.幾組動(dòng)詞接不定式及動(dòng)名詞辨析課堂總結(jié)課堂總結(jié)即學(xué)即練：Don’tforget________ittomewhenyoufinishreadingthebook.A．tobring B．bring C．bringing D．brought—Ihavetrouble________mynewputer.—Don’tworry.I’llshowyouhow________it.A．using;using B．using;touse C．touse;touse D．touse;usingDuringourholidays,weshouldavoid________upatnight.A．stay B．tostay C．stayed D．staying4.ALifelongJourneywinshighpraisefromthepublic.Ithinkitiswellworth________.A．watch B．towatch C．watching D．watched5.Spendmoretime________English________youcangetagoodgradeinthefinalexam.A．learning；sothatB．tolearn；sothatC．learning；becauseD.tolearn;because動(dòng)詞的過去分詞功能例句表語(yǔ)Thedoorremainedlocked.定語(yǔ)Thebuildingbuiltlastyearisnowadepartmentstore.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Iheardmynamecalled.狀語(yǔ)Heatedwaterchangesintosteam.【特例清單】英語(yǔ)中過去分詞可作賓補(bǔ)(此時(shí)的過去分詞一般是及物動(dòng)詞)表被動(dòng)意義或完成意義，有時(shí)兩者兼而有之。做賓補(bǔ)的過去分詞與賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即賓語(yǔ)是過去分詞動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。例：Shefoundthedoorbrokeninwhenshecameback.(賓補(bǔ)與賓語(yǔ)有被動(dòng)的關(guān)系，表一種狀態(tài))1.過去分詞用在get,have,make的后面，注意“have+賓語(yǔ)+過去分詞”的兩種情況：A)表示“讓某人做某事/讓某事(被人)做”Ihavehadmybikerepaired.我已經(jīng)請(qǐng)人把我的自行車修好了。B)表示“遭遇到某種不幸，受到打擊/受……影響，蒙受……損失”Ihadmywalletstolenonabuslastmonth.上個(gè)月在公汽上我的錢包被偷了。2.“make+賓語(yǔ)+過去分詞”,在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞的動(dòng)詞必須是表示結(jié)果含義的Iraisedmyvoicetomakemyselfheard.我提高聲音目的是讓我自己被聽見。3.過去分詞用在感官動(dòng)詞watch,notice,see,hear,listento,feel,find等后面。Whenwegottoschool,wesawthedoorlocked.到學(xué)校時(shí)，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)門被鎖了。4.過去分詞用在“with+賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞與賓語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系Thethiefwasbroughtinwithhishandstiedbehindhisback.那個(gè)小偷被帶了進(jìn)來，他的手被綁在背后。5.過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、和不定式作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別:現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)：賓語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之間是主謂關(guān)系，其動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)：賓語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，其動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作不定式作賓補(bǔ)：表一個(gè)完成的動(dòng)作、或表一個(gè)很短時(shí)間內(nèi)看到、聽到或感覺到的具體動(dòng)作Hedidn’tnoticemewaiting.他沒有注意到我正在等IheardthesongsunginEnglish.我聽見這首歌被用英語(yǔ)唱了。Isawhimopeningthewindow.我看見他正在開窗戶。Isawthewindowopened.我看見窗戶被開了。Isawhimopenthewindow.我看見他開了窗戶。IheardhersingthesonginEnglish.我聽見她用英語(yǔ)唱了這首歌。課堂總結(jié)課堂總結(jié)堂中測(cè)堂中測(cè)一、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1．IthinkthattheseTVplaysarefun___________(watch).2．NewYear'sDayisthetimefor________(wash)awaybadthingsinthatcountry.3．Peoplegoonthestreetsto___________(throw)waterateachotherduringThaiNewYear.4.Henry'suncleisplanning____________(take)atriptoKunming.5.RosethinkstheEnglishmovieisn’tthatinteresting_________(watch).6．Hismotherrefused______(give)himmoremoney.7．Helefthisdog______(tie)uptoatreeinfrontofhishouse.8．RedSorghumisafamousnovel________(write)byMoYan.9.EarthDaywascreatedtoremindpeople______(care)abouttheearth—thehometoallthelivingthings.10.AtfirstIwantedtotakeataxi,butIendedup_______(walk)herebecauseoftheheavytraffic.二、選擇填空1.Lisaplans________anewpicturenextweek.A．drawB．todraw C．drawingD．draws2.Thebighousewithapoolwill________somuchmoneyandhecan’tafford________it.A．spend;topay B．take;buying C．cost;topayfor D．pay;tobuy3.AnnaisgoingonatourofXi'an，andshewantsto________Chinesehistory.A．dreamofB．learnaboutC．lookthroughD．passon4.Theshowwassofunnythatitmadeeveryone________againandagain.A．laughB．laughedC．laughingD．tolaugh5.Tokeepchildrenawayfromdanger,wewarnparents________childrenathomealone.A．leaveB．toleaveC．notleaveD．nottoleave6.Lookatthesign“Noswimming”.Itwarnsus_____inthelake.A.toswimB.nottoswimC.swimming7.Dianausedto______towork,butnowsheisusedto______becausetheroadiscrowdedandshewantstokeepfit.A.drive;walking B.drive;walkC.driving;walk D.driving;walking8.MaxisfromFrance，buthehasagreatinterestinbooks________inChinese.A．writeB．writingC．wroteD．written專題09：課后作業(yè)專題09：課后作業(yè)一．選擇題1.Myfatherhaspromised________metoafootballmatch.A．takesB．takingC．totakeD．took2.—Doyouhaveanyplacesfortheingvacation?—Sure.Wedecide________SanshainJuly.A．visitB．visitingC．visitedD．tovisit3.Ifoundaletter________onthefloorwhenIcameintotheclassroom.A．lyingB．layC．lieD．lies4.Juliahelpedhermother________theknivesandforksatthetablebeforedinner.A．gooutB．giveoutC．putupD．layout5.Tokeepchildrenawayfromdanger，wewarnparents________childrenathomealone.A．leaveB．toleaveC．notleaveD．nottoleave6.—Youlooksotired.—Mymothermakesme________playingthepianofortwohourseveryday.A．practiceB．topracticeC．practicingD．practiced7.—Don’tmakeanynoise.Yourbrotherisbusy________forhisexam.—Okay,mom.Iwillbequietathome.A．toprepare B．preparing C．prepares二，填空題11.Ourteachersoftenwarnusagainst_____________(swim)intheriver.12.Myparentsoftenremindme__________(study)hard.13.Doctorsaretryingtopreventthedisease___________(spread)inthecountry.14.Myparentsalwaysremindmeof_________(study)hard.15．Thedoctorwarnedhim________(drink)less，buthedidn'tlisten.16．Mr.Wangoftenwarnshisstudents_______(keep)promisesatanytime.17．Theyendedup___________(climb)ontothetopofthemountain.18.Itisnotgood__________(steal)thingsfromothers.19.Weshoulddomore____________(spread)Chinesespirit,ChinesevalueandChinesestrength.20．Ithinkit'sfun___________(dress)upintheparty.21．Don'tsweet-talkmeinto________(treat)youtoice-creamthistime.22．It'ssaidthatkeepingdogswon'tmakeyou_____(feel)lonely.TheNetherlandsneedsthousandsofnewhousesbecausethecountry____36____(have)agrowingpopulation.Anyway,itmaynothavetobuildallthosehouses.Someof____37____(they)canbeprinted.____38____(recent),thegovernmenthasbeenworkingtogetherwithauniversityandsomebuildingpanies(公司)tobuildhousesthatarefully3Dprinted.Asvolunteers,anoldcouplehasbeethefirstpeopleinEuropetomoveintosuch____39____house.Withtwo____40____(bedroom)andabiglivingroom,thehousewasbuiltlayer(層)bylayer,usingahuge3Dprinterandspecialcement(水泥).Afterbeingprintedout,thehouse____41____(carry)byatrucktothebuildingsite,andaroof(屋頂)andwindowswerelateradded.Ittookaround120hours____42____(finish)this3Dprintedhouse.Usually,ittakesaboutoneortwoyearstobuildahouseinthe____43____(tradition)way.Thecouplewilllive____44____thishouseforsixmonths,withamonthlypayof800euros(歐元).Thecostseemsalittlebithigh,buttheythinkitismuchcheaper_____45_____livinginthehotel. Justtheotherday，IwasinabookshopandfoundabooknamedHowtomakefriendswithforeigners．AsaCanadianlivinginChinaforayear．Iwondered56．_______adviceaChinesewriterwouldgiveonthismatter． Onepieceofadvicereallycaughtmyattention，Imustsay，mademefeelquiteangry．Inthewriter'sopinion，foreignersarea“chance”toimproveyourspokenEnglish．Wheneveryou57．_______（g