2019年10月自考00603英語(yǔ)寫作試題及答案含解析

英語(yǔ)寫作年月真題

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1、【問(wèn)答題】Supplythemissingparagraph.SmartphoneManiaDidyourfather’s

oldcarjustblowtworeartiresonaruraldirtroad?Don’tworry，pickupyour

smartphoneandopenacarserviceapp.Whetheryouarestuckinahorrendous

trafficjamorrelaxinginaromanticrestaurant，thesmartphone,oneofthe

world’slatesthigh-techgadgets,maybeeithertheanswertoyourprayersora

majorthorninyourflesh.Likeitornot,thesmartphoneisindispensableinyour

life.Whilethistechnologicaldevicepositivelyaffectssocietybyproviding

instantcommunication，italsodehumanizes(使喪失性情)relationshipsandthreatens

anindividual’srighttoprivacy.Thesmartphone’spositiveeffectonsociety

stemsfromitsabilitytoprovideinstantcommunication.Thedeviceisinvaluable

tocarowners.Nothingmakesamotoristwithadefectiveenginehappierthan

openinganapponhissmartphoneandreceivingamessage,“Thetowtruckshould

arriveintenminutes.”Besides,smartphoneshelpkeepfriendsandfamilymembers

intouch.Forexample,aminutebeforemidnight,theparentsofa16-year-oldcan

videocalltheirsonandgentlyshriek,"Gethomenow,oryouwillbegroundedfor

thenextsixmonths.”Inshort，thesmartphone’sabilitytoallowanyoneto

bereachedatanytimeisagreatcomfort.Ironically,thetechnologicaldevice

thatbindssocietytogetheralsothreatenstodestroyitthroughtheprocessof

dehumanization.Juststridedownthemainstreetinthecityandinlessthanfive

minutesyouwillobserveahundredpassers-byignoringeachotheras

theymindlesslybrowsetheirWechatmoments.Literally,smartphonesarereplacing

living,breathinghumanbeings.Somephoneowners,forexample,canbeheard

whisperingsweetnothings，suchas“Whereareyou，darling?”totheirbeloved

smartphones.Thesmartphone,alongwithothertechnologicaladvancements，removes

the“human”elementfromsociety._________So,yourboyfriendtriedtopop

thebigquestionbutyoucouldn’thearhim,becauseanotherdiner’ssmartphone

conversationdrownedouthissoft，romanticwords.Then，whydidyoukissyour

phoneyesterdayaftersearchingthemaponlinewhenyouwerehopelesslylostin

thecenterofthecity?Eventhoughsmartphones,thegreatcommunicators,

dehumanizerelationshipsandthreatenourprivacy,theyaretoodeeplyembeddedin

today’ssocietytobecomeobsolete.

答案：FINALLY,THESMARTPHONETHREATENSANINDIVIDUAL’SRIGHTTOPRIVACY.HOW

MANYINTIMATECONVERSATIONSBETWEENLAWYERSANDCLIENTS,DOCTORSANDPATIENTS,

ORHUSBANDSANDWIVESHAVEYOUUNWITTINGLYOVERHEARD?HOWMANYTIMESHAS

YOURLUNCH,SHOPPING,OREXERCISECLASSBEENABRUPTLYDISRUPTEDBYTHE

ANNOYINGSOUNDPLAYINGINSOMEONE'SPOCKETORPURSE?HOWMANYPICTURESFROM

YOURWECHATMOMENTSHAVEBEENEITHERACCIDENTALLYORPURPOSEFULLYTAKEN

ADVANTAGEOF?NOCONVERSATION,NOLOCATION,ANDNOIMAGEARETOOSACREDFORTHE

SMARTPHONE.ATTHERATESMARTPHONEUSEISEXPANDING，THEWORD“PRIVACY”WILL

SOONDISAPPEARFROMOURVOCABULARY.

2、【問(wèn)答題】Writeanoutline.KnowledgeAboutDifferentCulturesIsShaking

theFoundationsofPsychologyPsychologywasdevelopedlargelyinNorthAmerica

andEurope。Somewouldargueit’sbeenremarkablysuccessfulinunderstanding

whatdriveshumanbehaviorandmentalprocesses,whichhavelongbeenthoughtto

beuniversal.Butinrecentdecades,someresearchershavestartedquestioning

thisapproach,arguingthatmanypsychologicalphenomenaareshapedbytheculture

welivein.Considerwhichtwooftheseobjectsgotogether:apanda,amonkey

andabanana.RespondentsfromWesterncountriesroutinelyselectthetwoanimals。

Thisindicatesananalyticthinkingstyle,inwhichobjectsarelargelyperceived

independentlyfromtheircontext.Incontrast,participantsfromEasterncountries

oftenselectthemonkeyandthebanana,becausetheysharearelationship(monkeys

eatbananas).Thisisaholisticthinkingstyle,inwhichobjectandcontextare

perceivedtobecorrelated.Inaclassicdemonstrationofculturaldifferences

inthinkingstyles,participantsfromJapanandtheUSAwerepresentedwitha

seriesofanimatedscenes.Lastingabout20seconds,eachsceneshowedvarious

creatures,vegetationandrocksinanunderwatersetting.Inasubsequentrecall

task,bothgroupswereequallylikelytorememberthelargerfish.But

theJapaneseparticipantswerebetteratrecallingbackgroundinformation,suchas

thecolorofthewater.Thisisbecauseholisticthinkingfocusesonbackgroundand

contextjustasmuchasforeground.ThewayWesternersdescribethemselvesseems

tobeculturallybound.Theytendtoviewthemselvesasfree,autonomousand

uniqueindividuals,possessingasetoffixedcharacteristics.Thisfeature

regardingself-knowledgehasevenbeendemonstratedatthebrainlevel.Ina

brain-scanningstudy,Americanparticipantswereshowndifferentadjectives.They

wereaskedhowwelltheseadjectivesrepresentedthemselvesandhowwellthese

adjectivesrepresentedtheirmother.Thestudyshowedtherewasacleardifference

inbrainresponsesbetweenthinkingabouttheselfandthemother.However,in

manyotherpartsoftheworld,peopledescribethemselvesprimarilyasapartof

differentsocialrelationshipsandstronglyconnectedwithothers.Thisismore

prevalentinAsia,AfricaandLatinAmerica.Thebrain-scanningstudywithChinese

participantsshowedlittleornodifferencebetweentheselfandthemother,

suggestingthattheself-presentationsharedalargeoverlapwiththepresentation

ofthecloserelative.Clearly,thewaywedefineourselvesislinkedto

differencesinsocialrelationships,motivationandupbringing.Culturehasa

massiveeffectonhowweviewourselvesandhowweareperceivedbyothers.The

field，nowknownas“cross-culturalpsychology”，isincreasinglybeingtaughtat

universitiesacrosstheworld.Withmoreresearch,wemaywellfindthat

culturaldifferencespervadeintoevenmoreareaswherehumanbehaviorwas

previouslythoughtofasuniversal.Butonlybyknowingabouttheseeffectswill

weeverbeabletoidentifythecorefoundationsofthehumanmindthatweall

share.

答案：TOPICOUTLINEⅠ.INTRODUCTION(PARAGRAPH1)A.THEASSUMEDUNIVERSALITY

OFHUMANBEHAVIORANDMENTALPROCESSESINPSYCHOLOGICALSTUDIESB.THESIS:

RESEARCHERSARGUETHATMANYPSYCHOLOGICALPHE