2022-2023學年上海市虹口區(qū)高三上學期英語一模卷

2022學年第一學期虹口區(qū)高三年級期一模英語試卷I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Inaschool.B.Inagasstation.C.Inahospital.D.Inagarage.2.A.At9:30.B.At9:40.C.At10:09.D.At10:39.3.A.Planningasportsevent.B.Writinguplocalnews.C.Readinganewspaper.D.Puttingupadvertisements.4.A.Itisluxurious.B.Itissatisfactory.C.Itiscompetitive.D.Itisdisappointing.5.A.Hehashadtoomanyholidaysthisyear.B.Heisn’tinthemoodtotravel.C.Phuketistoofarforafamilyholiday.D.Familyholidaysnolongerinteresthim.6.A.Hisgrandmaisquitefondofthedress.B.Thesaladanddressingtastesverygood.C.Thesaladanddressingcan’tmatchhisgrandma’s.D.Hisgrandmacan’tmakedelicioussaladwithdressing.7.A.Sheisthespeakers’boss.B.SheisnotathomethisSaturday.C.Sheisnoteasy-going.D.Sheseldominvitespeopletoherhome.8.A.Thewomandoesn’tlikeSerbia.B.ThewomanhasbeentoSerbia.C.ThewomanisplanningatriptoSerbia.D.ThewomanhasnoideaaboutSerbia.9.A.LivewithJaneandSophie.B.AskSophieaboutheraccommodation.C.InviteViviantobeherroommate.D.SharearoomwithJane.10.A.Theplanewillleaveat3:20.B.Theplane’sdeparturetimeremainsunknown.C.Themanhasjustmissedhisflight.D.Themanisatawrongcheckincounter.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.64years.B.59years.C.56years.D.46years.12.A.Developingbetterhealthcaresystems.B.GoingthroughtheCovid19crisis.C.Easingtheburdentothehealthservices.D.Loweringthepublichealthbudgets.13.A.WHO’seffectiveworkinAfrica.B.Developmentofnewhealthpolicies.C.Measurestoliftpeoplefrompoverty.D.SuggestionsforpublichealtheffortsinAfrica.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Quittingtotalktosomeone.B.Leavingtheofficewithouttellinganyone.C.Abandoningextraworkduties.D.Stoppingworryingaboutworkperformance.15.A.Firingthetroubledemployeesquietly.B.Forgettingaboutinactiveworkers.C.Creatingabettercommunicationculture.D.Buildingadirectsystemofpushingmessages.16.A.Reasonsbehindanofficeculture.B.Solutionstoaworkplaceconflict.C.Tipsforasuccessfuljobinterview.D.Stepsofbuildingalivelycommunity.Questions17through20arebasedonthefallowingconversation.17.A.Workingonhispaper.B.Thinkingofaprofessor.C.Takinganap.D.Lookingforareferencebook.18.A.Itiscomplicating.B.Itisboring.C.Itisinspiring.D.Itischallenging.19.A.AstudentgavealectureonAmericanRevolution.B.Theprofessorfailedtoanswerastudent’squestion.C.TheprofessorshowedhismasteryofAmericanhistory.D.Astudentwasaskedatoughquestionbytheprofessor.20.A.ProfessorRiversthinkshighlyofProfessorAnderson.B.ProfessorRiversisinterestedinwomen’sstudies.C.ProfessorRiversknowslittleinthisarea.D.ProfessorRivershasalotofsparetime.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.RunnersandCyclistsUseGPSMappingtoMakeArtFitnessappsandthepoweroflivesatellitetrackinghaveallowedrunners,cyclistsandotherstodrawhearts,animals,birthdaywishes—andevenhomagestoVermeer—acrosstheirlocallandscapes.In1665,JohannesVermeerdabbed(輕涂)thelastdropofpaintontoacanvas(帆布)inhisDutchstudio,(21)(complete)hismasterpiece“GirlwithaPearlEarring.”O(jiān)nanAprilday357yearslater,JanineStrongslowedherbiketostop,pausedherfitnessapp,andwatchedasthesnakinglineofhercyclingroute(22)(draw)theshapeofVermeer’smasterpieceoverthestreetsofBrooklyn.Ms.Strongcreates(23)hascometobeknownas“GPSart”—apractice(24)usestheGlobalPositioningSystemmappingcapabilitiesofmodernphoneappslikeStravatocreatedigitaldrawingsusinganathlete’srouteacrossthelandscape.(25)bikingonastraightpathorincirclesaroundapark,Ms.Strongplansherridesintheshapesofbirthdaycakes,stars,birds,lions—andtheoccasionalVermeer.Thehobbyhasgrownwiththewidespreadavailabilityofsatellitetrackingforusebyordinarypeople,infitnessappslikeNikeRunCluborMapMyRide.ItisnowapopularityonStravaoften(26)(refer)toas“Stravaart.”Stravaarthasexistedsincethatapp’sreleasein2009,butitexperiencedasuddenincreaseinuseduringthepandemic(疫情).AccordingtoMichaelJoseph,aseniorcommunicationsmanageratthecompany,morethanthreebillionactivities(27)(upload)toStravasincethebeginningof2020.Tocompleteherdigitalvisionof“GirlwithaPearlEarring,”Ms.Strongbikedalmost50milesaroundsouthernBrooklyn,carefullycheckingStrava(28)(make)surethateachturn,circle,andstraightawaywasachievingtheiconicearringandheadcoveringofVermeer’soriginal.“Ialwayshaveabigsmileonmyface(29)itworksoutandIuploaditandit’sdone,”shesaid.“It’safar(30)(satisfying)feeling.”21.22.22.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.accessibleB.criterionC.concentrateD.reducedE.evolvedF.exploreG.hostH.interactI.restorativeJ.stimulationK.verbaliseOutdoorPlayBenefitsKids'MentalRestorationManyofthepsychologicalbenefitsofoutdoorplayarealreadywellestablished.Ourbrains31innaturallandscapes,andourperceptual(感知的)systemsareparticularlywellsuitedtowildoutdoorspaces.Thismeansthatnaturalscenesprovidetheperfectlevelof32whichisthoughttohelprechargethebrainwhenitistiredandceasilydistractable.Supportingthistheory,onestudyfoundthatchildrenwithattention-deficithyperactivitydisorder(ADHD)werebetterableto33followinga20-minutewalkinthepark,comparedtoa20-minutewalkonthestreetsofawell-kepturbanarea.Beingexposedtograssandtreesseemedtohavehadabeneficialefectontheirminds.Theauthorsrecommendedusingsuch“doses(劑量)ofnature"asasafeand34wayofsupportingchildrenwithADHD,alongsideothertools.Besidesthese35efects,outdoorplaycanoffervaluablelearningexperiences.Forexample,playingwithmudorsandcanhelpchildrendevelopthewaytheirsensesandmovement36whichallowsthechildtograduallyunderstandhisorherbodilysignals.Suchactivities-awayfromthehouseorclassroom-mayalsohelpchildrentofindwaystocopewithemotionsthatmaybehardto37inotherenvironments.So-called“sandtraytherapy",whichinvolvesusingsandandclaytoexpressone'sthoughtsandfeelings,isanacceptedformofcounsellingforchildrenwhoarestrugglingto38theiremotionalstate.Whenitcomestothechild'sphysicalhealth,themostobviousadvantageofoutdoorplaymaybetheexercise.Achildmayfinditeasiertobuildupstrengthandenduranceinalargeopenspaceresultingina(n)39riskofoverweight,accordingtoonestudyledbyElizabethGershoff,professorofhumandevelopmentandfamilysciencesattheUniversityofTexasatAustin,US.Thelatestfindings,however,suggesttherecouldbea(n)40ofotheradvantagestoplayinginnaturalenvironments-andthesecretmaybealiveinthemuditself.31.32.33.34.35.36.37.38.39.40.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Doesareassuringtouchonthebackbringyoucomfortduringatoughday?Anewstudyfinds,whenitcomestotouching,peoplearen'teven41aboutwho'sdoingit.ResearchersinGermanysaythetouchofahumanoid(人形的)robotmakespeople42andmorelikelytofollowtheirrequests.Insteadofbeing43onotherhumans,researchersarehopingthatonedayrobotsmaybeabletofulfilltherolesoftherapists,personaltrainers,andevenlifecoaches.Theirstudyfollowsthewidespreadincreaseoftouch44duringtheCOVID-19pandemic.Severalstudieshavepointedouthowphysicaldistancingandisolationiscreatingavarietyofnegativeeffectsthatincreasefeelingsofstress,depression,andanxiety.Inthisresearch,48studentsengagedinaconversationwithNAO-aprogrammableresearchrobot.Duringthecourse,forsomeparticipants,therobotbrieflyandseeminglyrandomly45thebackoftheparticipant'shand.Thisdifferedfromthedesignofotherstudies,whichhavereliedon46touch.Inresponsetotherobot'stouch,mostparticipantssmiledandlaughed,andnone47Resultsshowthosewhoweretouchedweremorelikelyto48theroboturgingthemtoshowinterestinaparticularacademiccoursediscussedduringtheconversation.Participantsalsoreportedabetter_49stateaftertherobot'staponthehand.50.studentswhoweretouchedweremorelikelytogivetherobotahigherscoreforphysicalattractiveness(althoughtheseparticipantsstillonlyratedpoorNAOa2.5outof5onaverage).“Arobot'snon-functionaltouch51tohumans,"LauraHoffmnannfromRuhrUniversityandherteamwrite."Slightlytappinghumanparticipants'handsduringaconversationresultedinbetterfeelingsandmorecompliance(依從)totherequestofahumanoidrobot"“Itisremarkablethatsimpleandbrieftaponthebackofparticipants'handsshowedsuchanffect.Involvingmorecomplexand52touchingfromarobotmightincreaseengagementandcompliance."Astheresearchersargue,thissmallstudy-oneofthefirsttoexaminethe53ofrobot-initiatedtouch-suggeststhatthroughtheuseofcomfortingtouches,robottherapistscouldbetter54patientstoengageinhealthyactivitiessuchasexercise.However,theycautionthatmuchabouthuman-robot55arecomplex,withtherestillmoretobelearnedaboutthediferencebetweenhumanandrobottouch.41.A.curiousB.crazyC.pickyD.certain42.A.happierB.freerC.morestressedD.morefrightened43.A.hardB.dependentC.impressedD.based44.A.completionB.formationC.imaginationD.starvation45.A.watchedB.pattedC.cleanedD.blocked46.A.human-initiatedB.time-pressedC.technique-basedD.goal-oriented47.A.madeoutB.thoughtbackC.pulledawayD.setoff48.A.lookoverB.goalongwithC.takeoffD.standupagainst49.A.physicalB.emotionalC.financialD.social50.A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.FurthermoreD.Still51.A.mattersB.seesC.relatesD.gets52.A.warmerB.longerC.morefriendlyD.moreforceful53.A.theoryB.historyC.trendD.potential54.A.warnB.persuadeC.forceD.control55.A.similaritiesB.conflictsC.constructionsD.interactionsSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Iknowpeoplewhosaytheydon’twatchtelevision,andIalwaysnodandagree.Readingrequiresintelligence,andtelevisionismerelyentertainment,right?I’mgoingtoScotlandthisyear,andthreedifferentpeopletoldmeImustwatch“Outlander”beforeIgo,whichislike“GameofThrones”forfansofromancenovels.Iwatchedthefirstfourhourlongepisodesbacktoback.WhenIstoodupfromthecouchIfeltsick,anditwasn’tjustthecookies,popcornandpeanutbuttersandwichesI’dhadwithoutnoticing.Itwasdarkoutside,andIfeltashamed.Ihadspenthalfadayonthecouch.ResearchforScotland?Notexactly.AfewdayslaterIhadalibrarybookdue:TheNationalBookAwardwinnerTheFriend,bySigridNunez.Ineededtofinishit,soIreadthelasthalfstraightthrough.IwasabsorbedinNunez’sNewYorkCity,worryingabouttheheroin’scareerandherfuture.Ifinishedthebookwithtearsinmyeyesandstoodupfeeling,well,great.Ihadwastedanotherfourhoursonmycouch.Ihadn’teatenasmuchjunkfoodbecauseIneededmyhandsfree—andnotsticky—soIcouldturnpagesandreturnthebooktothelibraryrelativelyclean,butIhadn’tmovedandonceagainitwasdarkoutside.WhydidIfeelsomuchbetterandguilt-free?Alltheresearchsaysreadingabookisgoodforyou.Itreducesstress,promotescomprehensionandimagination,relievesdepression,helpsyousleepandmaycontributetopreventingAlzheimer’s.Theactofphysicallyturningapagecreatesamomentarypauseforunderstandingtosinkin.Ourbrainshavetoworktotranslatetheblacksquiggles(彎彎曲曲的線條)onthepageintowordsandtheninterpretthemeaningandintentofthosewords.Whenacharacterisdescribedastallwithbrownhair,areadercreatesherownpicture.TVtakesallthatimaginationaway.Butthere’salotofgoodTVnow.I’dliketosaytheanswertoTVversusbooksmustbe,asAristotlesaid,“Moderationinallthings,”thoughheneverhadatelevisionoracomputerandhadtoreadhisscrolls(長卷紙)bycandlelight.Iagreethattoomuchtelevisionisbadforyou.IknowIfeelbetterifIread,butitwon’tstopmefromwatchingtoo:MysecondDVDof“Outlander”hasjustarrived,andassoonasIgetthisessaydone,therestofmydayisfree.56.By“Ialwaysnodandagree”(paragraph1),theauthorimpliesthat_______.A.sheshouldbepolitetogettheconversationtogoonB.sheisreluctanttoadmitthatshewatchestelevisionC.shebelievesthosewhosaytheydon’twatchTVD.shedoesn’tthinkhighlyofTVeither57.Thephrase“backtoback”(paragraph2)isclosestinmeaningto“_______”.A.frommorningtillnightB.oneafteranotherwithoutabreakC.leaningagainstthebackofthecouchD.lookingattheoppositedirection58.TheauthorfeltbetterafterreadingTheFriendthanwatching“Outlander”,mostprobablybecause_______.A.shedidn’tfeelhungryforanysnacksB.theTVseriesgothertocancelhertriptoScotlandC.thetelevisionserieswasnomoreattractivethanthebookD.sheregardedreadingasmorerewardingthanwatchingTV59.Whatcanbeconcludedfromalltheresearchintroducedinparagraph5?A.ReadingisactivewhilewatchingTVispassive.B.ReadinginvolvesphysicalexerciseswhilewatchingTVdoesn’t.C.ReadingstimulatesthebraintoconcentratewhilewatchingTVdoesn’t.D.Readingisgoodforone’smentalhealthwhilewatchingTVisbadforit.(B)GuidelinesforPosterPresentationsDate:Friday28OctoberTime:13.00-14.20(Presentersarerequiredtobebytheirpostersby12.55sharp.)PosterSessionFormat-Thepostersessionisaself-explanatoryexhibitwherethepresenter(s)is/areavailableforone-on-onediscussion.-Allthein-personposterpresentationswilltakeplacesimultaneously(同時進行的).Seebelowforspecificdetailsofonlineposterpresentations.PosterdesignandLayout-Eachpostershouldmeasureabout90×120cm(36×48inches).-Thetextsandillustrationsshouldbereadablefrom150cm(about5feet)away.-Posterscanbehand-writtenorprintedincolour/blackandwhite.Set-upandRemoval-Posterswillbedisplayedbyfixingthemonboards/wallsprovided.Youwillbegiventhenecessarytoolstocarryoutthistask.-Presentersarerequiredtohangtheirpostersduringthelunchbreak(12:00-13:00)onFriday28Octoberandremovethemafterthesession(14:20).-Presentersareresponsiblefortheset-upandremovaloftheirownposters.Staffwillalsobeintheposterareatoassistyou.-Eachposterpresentationwillbenumberedintheprogrammeschedule.Posternumberswillalsobeshownonthedisplayboards.Makesuretheposterisfixedunderthecorrectnumber.-Playingofloudaudioorvideoclipsisnotallowed,keepinginmindthenoiselevelinthehall.Foronlineposterpresentations:-Onceyourposterisready,takeagoodpictureofitandsendittousatleastoneweekbeforetheconference.We’lltakeaprintoutofthisanddisplayitliketheotherposters.ThiswillhelptheaudienceintheHallinChennaitolookatthembeforetheycanlogintoyourpresentationattheassignedtime.-Duringposterpresentationwhoeverwouldliketointeractwithyouwilllogintoyoursession.ThiswillbefortheentiredurationofthepresentationwithbriefexplanationsandQ&Ainterspersed(穿插)witheachother.Participantscanmovearoundtootherposterpresentationsduringthisperiod,bothonlineandin-person.60.Accordingtotheguidelines,thepostershavetobe_______.A.handwrittenonpaperinblackandwhiteB.hungonthewallsofaspecificareainthehallC.easilyrecognizablefromfivemetersawayD.numberedbyanon-sitestaffmember61.Whichofthefollowingisaspecificrequirementforonlineposterpresenters?A.Theyshouldremainonlinefortheentire100minutes.B.Theyshouldgetreadyforpresentationatexactly12:55.C.Theyneedtosendane-versionoftheirposterstotheorganizer.D.Theywillberequiredtogiveexplanationsoranswerquestions.62.Thepassageismeantfor_______.A.peoplewhohaveunsolvedquestionstoconsultaboutB.peoplewhoareinterestedinvisitinganexhibitionC.peoplewhoareskilledatmakinggoodpostersD.peoplewhowanttoexhibittheirposters(C)Muchlikebeauty,artisintheeyeofthebeholder.Theartworkweareattractedtocangiveinsightintoourpersonality,suchaswhetherwearetooquickortooslow,calmormoody.Studiesintoartpreferencesdatebacktothe1930s—mostofthemexaminingtheextenttowhichpeoplelikeordislikedifferentpaintings.Researchshowsthataperson’sinterestinartismorestronglyrelatedtocertainpersonalitytraitsthantosocialclass,age,orgender.Inparticular,apersonalitytraitcalled“openness”isthebestpredictorofwhetherindividualsareinterestedinart.Ontheotherside,thosewhoidentifyas“conscientious(一絲不茍的)”,areoftenlessdrawntothearts.ThesetraitsarepartoftheBigFive,awidelyacceptedpersonalitytheorybasedonnearlyacenturyofresearch.Themodelclaimsthateachpersonalityiscomposedofacombinationoffivecoretraits:openness,conscientiousness,extroversion(enjoyingbeingwithotherpeople),agreeableness(beingpleasant)andneuroticism(feelingworriedandnervous).Ratherthanstatingapersonasbeingeithershyoroutgoing,theBigFiveModelbelievesthateveryoneliessomewherebetweenthetwoextremes.Personalitytraitsmayalsoaffectthewaypeoplevisuallyscanart.A2018studytrackedparticipants’eyemovementsastheystudiedabstractartwork.Themajorityofparticipantsconcentratedontheupper-rightpart.Thismakessense,astherighthalfofthebrainisspecializedforvisualandspatialprocessing,andalsoplaysasignificantroleinprocessingtheemotionsthatartdrawsout.However,participantswhotendedtowardneuroticismfocusedontheleftsideofthepicture,andthosewithmentaldiseasepaidmoreattentiontothebottomofthepicture.Evenwiththeimpressiveamountofresearchintotherelationshipbetweenpeople’spersonalitytraitsandtheirloveforart,therearestillholesinthetheories.Forinstance,somescientistsclaimthattheBigFiveModeldoesn’ttranslateacrossculturesandismainlytargetedtowardthoselivingindevelopednations.Also,moststudieshavefocusedontwo-dimensionalart,likepaintings,andhaven’tyetcaptureddifferingpreferencesforthevarietyofmediathatexistaroundtheworld.Thenthere’sthefactthatourartpreferenceschangeovertimeandareinformedbyourages,relationshipsandlifeexperiences.People’spreferencesforartarenearlyascomplicatedasartitself.Butifyou’relookingforaquicktestofsomeone’sgeneralpersonalitytraits,itdoesn’thurttoglanceatwhat’shangingontheirwalls.63.Whichofthefollowingisthebestillustrationof“artisintheeyeofthebeholder”inparagraph1?A.Wejudgeapieceofartbasedonwhetheritisconsideredbeautiful.B.Thebeautyofapieceofartworkdependsonitsqualityandprice.C.Theowneroftheartworkistheonewholovesitthemost.D.Whetheranartworkisappealingisasubjectivematter.64.Theshadowedareaineachofthefollowingpicturesisthepartapersonfocusesonwhenenjoyinganabstractpainting.Accordingtothe2018study,whichbestillustratestheperceptionofapersonwhotendstobeinanxiety?65.WhatcanbeinferredfromthepassageabouttheBigFiveModel?A.Itisagloballyacceptedmeasuringsystem.B.Everyonecanfitintooneofthefivecategories.C.Thereismuchevidenceofscientificstudiestobackit.D.Itcanexplainthechangeinourartpreferenceovertime.66.Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage?A.Whatdoesyourtasteinartsayaboutyou?B.Howtorevealone’spersonalitytraits?C.Whydoweliketheartworkwelike?D.Howtodiscoveryourartpreference?SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Infact,thisiswhereusersshouldactuallyadoptamorecautiousattitude.B.TherecentattackagainstTwittershouldunderscoretheneedfordata-centricsecurity.C.Fordevelopers,thisvulnerabilityalsoshowsthere’sstillaneedforproperinputvalidationandensurethatanyrequestisauthorized.D.Hackerslovethatdefendersaredistractedanddon’tfocusappropriateresourcesonthenumberonethreat.E.Organizationsshouldmakeajointefforttoprotectthesensitivedatafromexploitation.F.Thisisjustonemoreexampleofthesuccessofsocialengineeringusedbyhackers.SocialEngineeringWhenusingsocialmedia,manyusersmaynotbethinkingofthesocialengineeringimplicationsthatcanarisewithtoomuchover-sharingofpersonalinformation.However,whatpeopleshareinpostscanpaintaveryvividpictureofaperson–whichcanthenbemisusedbyhackers.“67___Socialengineeringisthenumberonecauseofmostspitefuldatabreaches(泄露),”saidRogerGrimes,data-drivendefensespecialistatcybersecurityfirmKnowBe4.“Nothingelseisevenclose,percentage-wise,”Grimeswarned,“Nearlyeveryorganizationcouldbestimprovetheircybersecuritydefenseplansiftheyfocusedfarmoreonreducingthelikelihoodofsocialengineering.Noothersingledefensecoulddomoretoprotectanorganizationagainsthackingandmalware(惡意軟件).”“Everyorganizationshouldlooktoseewhattheycanimproveintheirdefense-in-depthplan(e.g.,policies,technicaldefenses,andeducation)todefeatsocialengineering.Itisbecausealmostnoorganizationappropriatelyfocusesthenecessaryresourcesandtrainingagainstsocialengineeringthatallowshackersandmalwaretobesolong-termsuccessful.68___”Thesecurityexpertswarnthateveninthecontextof“socialmedia,”usersshouldn’tlettheirguarddown.69___“Asindividuals,weareawareofthepersonalthreatsposedbycyberattacksdirectedagainstus,”suggestedErfan,cybersecurityexpertatdatasecurityComforteAG.“Toavoidbeingvictimized,it’sbesttooperateunderthemindsetthatdigitalfootprintsexisteverywhereandcanneverbecompletelywipedout.”“Asmembersofbusinessesandorganizations,weknowthatenterprisedataisalwaysatemptingtargetforhackers,”Erfancontinued.“70___Preventingattacksandbreachesisnot100percentfool-proof,sowecanonlyhopethatbigtechshaveinstitutedthemeasuresofdata-centricsecurityapplieddirectlytodataincasethatsensitiveinformationfallsintothewronghands.”IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasforaspossible.AreOceansSilent?Mostseacreatures,fromwhalesanddolphinstofish,sharksandshrimps,respondtosound,andmanycanproduceit.Theyuseittohuntandtohide,findmatesandfood,sendmessagesandgivewarnings,establishterritories,warnoffcompetitors,confusetheirtargets,deceiveenemies,andsensechangesinwaterandconditions.Marineanimalsclickbones,grindteethandbelchgases(磨牙打嗝);usespecialorganstomakevariousnoises.Farfromthe‘silentdeep’,theoceansaresonoisy.Intothisage-longconfusednoise,intheblinkofanevolutionaryeye,hasenteredanewthunder:thetremblingsoundofmightyenginesas46,220largeshipspassedtheworld’sshippingcourses.Scientistssaythatbackgroundnoiseintheoceanhasincreasedroughlyby15decibels(分貝)inthepast50years.Itmaynotsoundlikemuchinoverallterms,butitisen