2025版高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)考點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練選擇性必修第二冊Unit1ScienceandScientists

選擇性必修第二冊Unit1ScienceandScientists1.blamevt.把……歸咎于；責(zé)怪；指責(zé)n．指責(zé)；責(zé)備佳句背誦Blamedforthefailureoftheperformance,Timfeltseizedbyaburstofsadnessandcouldn'thelpcryingbitterly.由于演出失敗而受到責(zé)備，蒂姆感到一陣悲傷，禁不住痛哭起來。歸納拓展(1)betoblame(forsth.)應(yīng)(為……)承擔(dān)責(zé)任；該(為……)受責(zé)備blamesb.forsth.因某事責(zé)備某人；把某事歸咎于某人blamesth.onsb./sth.把某事歸咎于某人/某事(2)taketheblame承擔(dān)過錯(cuò)puttheblameforsth.onsth.把某事歸咎于某事多維訓(xùn)練單句語法填空①(全國Ⅲ卷)Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorning,andputtheblameonthealarmclock.②I'mnotgoingtositaroundandtaketheblameforamistakehemade.③(朗文當(dāng)代)Officialsbelievethatmorethanonepersonmaybetoblame(blame)forthefire.寫作運(yùn)用提能④當(dāng)和其他人相處時(shí)，我們不應(yīng)該總是把錯(cuò)誤歸咎于其他人。畢竟，很多時(shí)候我們也負(fù)有責(zé)任。因此，我們應(yīng)該多交流、換位思考，而不是指責(zé)其他人。(話題寫作之人際交往)Whengettingalongwithothers,weshouldn'talwaysblameothersformistakes.Afterall,manytimeswearealsotoblame.Soinsteadofblamingothers，weshouldcommunicatemoreandputourselvesinothers'place.2.decreasen．減少；降低；減少量vt.&vi.(使大小、數(shù)量等)減少；減??；降低佳句背誦First,withthepopularityofe-books,peoplefinditconvenienttodownloadbooksontheInternet,whichleadstothedecreaseoftraditionalreaders.首先，隨著電子書的普及，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上下載書籍很方便，這導(dǎo)致了傳統(tǒng)讀者的減少。歸納拓展(1)decreaseto...減少到……decreaseby...減少了……decreasefrom...to...從……減少到……(2)onthedecrease正在減少ontheincrease正在增加多維訓(xùn)練單句語法填空①Todecrease(decrease)theamountofrubbishandtoprotecttheenvironment,moregovernmentsarerequiringpeopletorecyclematerials.②Thenumberofpeopleaged50andunderwilldecreaseby30%duringthetime.寫作運(yùn)用提能③由于人類活動(dòng)，一些稀有動(dòng)物的數(shù)量在減少?！鶥ecauseofhumanactivities,thenumberofsomerareanimalsisonthedecrease.→Becauseofhumanactivities,thenumberofsomerareanimalsisdecreasing.3.transformvt.使改觀；使改變形態(tài)vi.改變；轉(zhuǎn)變佳句背誦(2023·全國甲卷)TheChinesecoachtransformedDouglasintooneofthebestgymnastsintheworld,helpingherskyrocketfromanaveragememberofthenationalteamtothetopofthesport.這位中國教練把道格拉斯變成了世界上最好的體操運(yùn)動(dòng)員之一，幫助她從一名普通的國家隊(duì)隊(duì)員一躍成為這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的頂尖選手。歸納拓展(1)transformsb./sth.改變/轉(zhuǎn)化某人/某物o...使……變成……betransformedo...由……變成……(2)transformationn．變化；改觀；轉(zhuǎn)變多維訓(xùn)練單句語法填空①Theirjointeffortshavetransformedthebaldhillintoonecoveredwithgreentrees.②Transformed(transform)intoafrogbythewitch(巫婆)，theprincewasdrivenoutofthecastle.寫作運(yùn)用提能③您的慷慨幫助將我的第一次美國之旅變成了一個(gè)難忘的回憶。Yourgeneroushelptransformed/turnedmyfirstAmericantripintoanunforgettablememory.4.defendvt.保衛(wèi)；防守；辯解佳句背誦Heplannedtolearnkungfuinthesummerholidayssothathecandefendhimselfagainstbeingattacked.他計(jì)劃在暑假學(xué)習(xí)功夫，這樣他就可以抵御攻擊了。歸納拓展(1)defend...against/from(doing...)保護(hù)……免受……defendoneself自衛(wèi)；為自己辯護(hù)(2)defenc(s)en．防御；保衛(wèi)；保護(hù)indefence(of)保護(hù)；為了保衛(wèi)；(為……)辯護(hù)inone'sdefence為某人辯護(hù)多維訓(xùn)練單句語法填空①Thelawallowspeopletodefendthemselvesfrom/againstacharge.②Theassistantsteppedbackappearingsurprisedandputupherhandsasifindefence.寫作運(yùn)用提能③看到這條兇猛的蛇，他像箭一樣沖過去保護(hù)兒子。(讀后續(xù)寫之肢體動(dòng)作描寫)Seeingthefiercesnake,herushedtodefendhissonlikeanarrow.(defend)→Seeingthefiercesnake,herushedindefenceofhissonlikeanarrow.(defence)5.comedown(with...)染上；得了(……病)；患(病)佳句背誦(2022·浙江1月，讀后續(xù)寫)Awarethatmypartnercamedownwithaseriousdisease,Ihadknotsinmythroatandrushedtohospitalanxiously.得知我的伴侶得了重病，我不禁哽咽，焦急地趕往醫(yī)院。歸納拓展comeacross(偶然)遇見；碰見；被理解comeabout發(fā)生(無被動(dòng)形式)comeon加油；到來；得了吧comeout出版；結(jié)果是；(花)開放comeup走近；上來；被提出comeupwith提出；想出(主意、計(jì)劃、回答等)whenitcomesto...當(dāng)談及……多維訓(xùn)練單句語法填空①Aboveall,tellmehowtheaccidentcameaboutimmediately.②Myassistant'sfirstnovelcameout，whichmademeproudofhim.③Shecamedownwiththissummerflueveryone'sgettingandwenthomebeforeIgotin.④(牛津高階)Hespokeforalongtimebuthismeaningdidn'treallycomeacross.寫作運(yùn)用提能⑤Whenitcomesto(當(dāng)談及)Englishlearning,Ihavethefollowingpracticalsuggestionstoshare.Firstly,whenyoucomeacross(遇見)unfamiliarwords,don'talwaysrefertothedictionary.Furthermore,whenteachers'questionscomeup(被提及)inclass,youshouldtrytocomeupwith(想出)answers.Lastly,ifyoufail,youmustsaytoyourself,“Comeon(加油)！”(應(yīng)用文寫作之建議信)6.aboveall最重要的是；首先；尤其是佳句背誦Ifyouwanttobepopular,aboveall,joininourclassactivitiesandmakeacontributiontoourclassifpossible.如果你想受歡迎，最重要的是，參加我們的班級活動(dòng)，如果可能的話對班級做些貢獻(xiàn)。歸納拓展afterall畢竟；終究firstofall首先；第一allinall整體說來；總而言之inall全部；合計(jì)atall(否定句)一點(diǎn)也(不)；(疑問句)到底；究竟多維訓(xùn)練單句語法填空①Thankstoyourtimelyandgeneroushelp,Imanagedtohandlethefourproblemsinall.用all的相關(guān)短語填空提能②TheuniversityIrecommendtoyouisBeijingLanguageandCultureUniversity.Firstofall/Aboveall，you'dbetterlearnsomebasicChinesebeforeyoucome.Afterall，youwillbeundercompletelyunfamiliarcircumstances.Allinall，studyingforadegreeinadifferentcultureisnoteasyatall.(應(yīng)用文寫作之推薦信)7.Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome.在英國醫(yī)生約翰·斯諾向人們展示如何戰(zhàn)勝霍亂之前，霍亂曾是世界上最令人恐懼的疾病之一。佳句背誦(2021·浙江6月，讀后續(xù)寫)IwouldkeepworkingonthefarmuntilIearnedenoughmoneytohelpmyfatherbuyanewtractor.我將一直在農(nóng)場工作直到我掙到足夠的錢幫助爸爸買輛新拖拉機(jī)。歸納拓展(1)由until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，若主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性的，那么這個(gè)主句需用肯定形式；若主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是非延續(xù)性的，則主句常用否定式，構(gòu)成not...until...結(jié)構(gòu)。(2)倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)：部分倒裝“Notuntil＋時(shí)間狀語從句或短語＋謂語助動(dòng)詞＋主語＋謂語動(dòng)詞”。(3)強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)：Itis/wasnotuntil＋時(shí)間狀語從句或短語＋that＋主句部分。多維訓(xùn)練單句語法填空①Wedon'tknowitsvalueuntilwelosehealth.寫作運(yùn)用提能②直到我經(jīng)歷了這場事故，我才意識到壞運(yùn)氣有可能是正在等待開啟的門。(讀后續(xù)寫之升華句)Iwasn'tawarethatbadfortunemightbethedoorwaitingtobeopeneduntilIexperiencedtheaccident.(not...until)→NotuntilIexperiencedtheaccidentwasIawarethatbadfortunemightbethedoorwaitingtobeopened.(倒裝句)→ItwasnotuntilIexperiencedtheaccidentthatIwasawarethatbadfortunemightbethedoorwaitingtobeopened.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)8.Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.他發(fā)現(xiàn)在兩條特別的街道上，霍亂爆發(fā)是如此嚴(yán)重以至于十天內(nèi)死了500多人。佳句背誦Hewassonervousthathefelthistonguetiedandpalmssweating.→Sonervouswashethathefelthistonguetiedandpalmssweating.(讀后續(xù)寫之緊張心理描寫)他是如此緊張，以至于他感覺舌頭打結(jié)，手心出汗。歸納拓展so/such...that...引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，意為“如此……以至于……”。(1)so...that...句型的常見形式：so＋adj./adv.＋that...so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.(單數(shù))＋that...so＋many/much/few/little(少)＋n.(復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù))＋that...(2)such...that...句型的常見形式：such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.(單數(shù))＋that...such＋adj.＋n.(復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù))＋that...(3)當(dāng)so/such...放在句首時(shí)，主句要用部分倒裝語序。多維訓(xùn)練單句語法填空①Itisnormalforsuchlittleboystoeatsolittlefood,sodon'tblamethem.寫作運(yùn)用提能②(2022·浙江6月，應(yīng)用文寫作)自習(xí)室是一個(gè)吸引人的地方，許多學(xué)生會(huì)聚集在那里進(jìn)一步提高他們的學(xué)習(xí)水平。Theself-studyroomissuchanappealingplacethatmanystudentswillgathertheretofurtherimprovetheirlearninglevel.(such)→Theself-studyroomissoappealingaplacethatmanystudentswillgathertheretofurtherimprovetheirlearninglevel.(so)9.Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.因此，他讓人把水泵的把手去掉，這樣水泵就用不成了。佳句背誦(2020·全國Ⅱ，書面表達(dá))Webegantohelppickpeachesandthenhadthemdeliveredtothefarmers'houses.我們開始幫忙摘桃子，然后讓人把它們送到農(nóng)民家里。歸納拓展havesth.done使某事被做；請人做某事；主語遭遇到某事haves