2025版高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)真題探究必修第一冊(cè)Unit4NaturalDisasters

必修第一冊(cè)Unit4NaturalDisasters(江蘇卷)ElNi?o,aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild”，wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermenwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern,whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears,reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.ElNi?oseeswarmwater,collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific,flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken,orsometimestheotherwayround.Theweathereffects,bothgoodandbad,arefeltinmanyplaces.RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNi?os,onbalance,thantheylose.AstudyfoundthatastrongNi?oin1997-98helpedAmerica'seconomygrowby$15billion,partlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvests：farmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalriseinagriculturalincomesinrichcountriesisgreaterthanthefallinpoorones.ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames.Amulti-yeardrought(干旱)insouth-eastBrazilisbecomingworse.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNi?omayrelievethedroughtinCalifornia,theyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters.ThemostrecentpowerfulNi?o,in1997-98，killedaround21,000peopleandcauseddamageworth$36billionaroundtheglobe.ButsuchNi?oscomewithmonthsofwarning,andsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanprepare.AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute(ODI)，however,just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance,ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.Thisisdespiteevidencethatadollarspentonrisk-reductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction.Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)canreducethespreadofdisease.Bettersewers(下水道)makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedbyanoutbreakofthediseaseofbadstomach.Strongerbridgesmeanvillagesarelesslikelytobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineafterfloods.Accordingtoapaperin2011byMrHsiangandco-authors,civilconflictisrelatedtoElNi?o'sharmfuleffects—andthepoorerthecountry,thestrongerthelink.Thoughtherelationshipmaynotbecausal,helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetheriskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingpeople.SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNi?o,reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.1．WhatcanwelearnaboutElNi?oinParagraph1?DA．ItisnamedafteraSouthAmericanfisherman.B．Ittakesplacealmosteveryyearallovertheworld.C．ItforcesfishermentostopcatchingfisharoundChristmas.D．Itseesthechangesofwaterflowdirectionintheocean.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第一段概括說明了厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象名字的來源，發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、現(xiàn)象的成因等內(nèi)容。根據(jù)文中“backeastwards”和“normallyblowwestwards”等關(guān)鍵詞可知D項(xiàng)正確。故選D。2．WhatmayElNi?osbringabouttothecountriesaffected?CA．Agriculturalharvestsinrichcountriesfall.B．Droughtsbecomemoreharmfulthanfloods.C．Richcountries'gainsaregreaterthantheirlosses.D．Poorcountriessufferlessfromdroughtseconomically.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“Richcountriesgainmore...”排除A項(xiàng)，錯(cuò)誤點(diǎn)出在fall一詞；B項(xiàng)的說法沒有根據(jù)，文章中并沒有做出對(duì)比；D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在less一詞，從文章第二段和第三段的說明可知，一些貧困的國(guó)家，如印度尼西亞，遭受到嚴(yán)重的干旱，影響了國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。C項(xiàng)的題源句為第二段中“RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNi?os,onbalance,thantheylose.”，句意為“總的來說，富裕國(guó)家得大于失?！惫蔬xC。3．ThedataprovidedbyODIinParagraph4suggestthatA.A．moreinvestmentshouldgotoriskreductionB．governmentsofpoorcountriesneedmoreaidC．victimsofElNi?odeservemorecompensationD．recoveryandreconstructionshouldcomefirst解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute(ODI),however,just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance,ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.”句意為：然而根據(jù)海外研究所提供的數(shù)字，在過去的20年里，相比于災(zāi)后恢復(fù)和重建，只有12%的賑災(zāi)資金用于事先的減災(zāi)預(yù)防。just的內(nèi)涵意義是“言其少”，因此選擇A項(xiàng)。B、C項(xiàng)文章沒有提及，D項(xiàng)弄反了作者的觀點(diǎn)。故選A。4．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?DA．TointroduceElNi?oanditsorigin.B．ToexplaintheconsequencesofElNi?o.C．ToshowwaysoffightingagainstElNi?o.D．TourgepeopletoprepareforElNi?o.解析：作者意圖題。作者首先簡(jiǎn)要介紹了厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象，列舉了其危害性，進(jìn)而引出作者寫作的真實(shí)意圖：厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象是可預(yù)報(bào)、可預(yù)防的，因此政府部門以及有關(guān)人員應(yīng)該積極行動(dòng)起來做好災(zāi)害的防范工作。A、B、C三項(xiàng)都屬于以偏概全，以事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)代替寫作目的。理清脈絡(luò)語言能力(一)高級(jí)詞塊agriculturaladj.農(nóng)業(yè)的recoveryn．恢復(fù)causaladj.構(gòu)成原因的，因果關(guān)系的termn．術(shù)語gainv．獲利(二)長(zhǎng)難句突破ElNi?o,aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild”，wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermenwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern,whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears,reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.分析：本句為含有兩個(gè)定語從句和一個(gè)賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句。主句部分為