人教版高中英語(yǔ)必修二課件Unit3Computers

Unit3ComputersThePresentPerfectPassiveVoice現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

LearningaboutLanguage

Lookatthefollowingsentence,payingattentiontotheunderlinedpart.OvertimeIhavebeenchangedalot.ThePresentPerfectPassiveVoiceCanyoupickoutmorethantwosentencesinthepresentperfectpassivevoicefromthereadingpassage?現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成形式：Theresultsoftheirexperimentshavealreadybeenpublished.Thepartyhasbeenplannedsincethenewyear.肯定式：have/has（has只用于第三人稱單數(shù)，其余人稱用have）+been+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞。Theyhaven’tbeentoldaboutityet.否定式：_____________________+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞?！狧avehisbooksbeensoldout?—Yes.Soyoucan’tbuyonenow.一般疑問句形式：______________________+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞?have/has+not+beenHave/Has+主語(yǔ)+beenHowmanyexperimentshavebeendonebythestudentsthismonth?特殊疑問句形式：疑問詞+have/has+been+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞?現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)通常有以下兩種情況：表示過去開始的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，常與之連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：for+一段時(shí)間，since+時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（從句），thesedays,sofar,uptonow,inthelast/pastfewyears等。e.g.ThisclasshavebeentaughtbyMr.Brownfortwoyears.HisChinesehasbeenimprovedalotsincehecametoChina.JKRowling’snovelshavebeentranslatedintomanyforeignlanguagessofar.表示某被動(dòng)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，常與already,yet,just,ever,never,recently等連用。e.g.Thebikehasnotbeenrepaired

yet.Ihave

already

beenintroducedtoMr.Smith.【注意】1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的兩個(gè)助動(dòng)詞：have／has和been缺一不可。2)注意與一般過去時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別。

一般過去時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，其結(jié)果對(duì)現(xiàn)在沒有影響；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)盡管發(fā)生在過去，但側(cè)重說明該動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。e.g.Themachinehasbeenrepaired．機(jī)器已經(jīng)修好了。(說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響，修好了。)Themachinewasrepairedyesterday．機(jī)器昨天修了。(只說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生在昨天。)3)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)是一個(gè)不可分割的整體，在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中要保持其完整性，其中的介詞或副詞不可省略。

e.g.Theorphanshavebeentakengoodcareofhere．孤兒們?cè)谶@里受到很好的照顧。4)并不是所有動(dòng)詞都有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto,cost,last等不及物動(dòng)詞或詞組無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

[誤]GreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinChinasince1978.[正]GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasince1978.5)一些特殊動(dòng)詞,如borrow,finish,begin,buy,start,return,marry,open,join等

構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。若要表達(dá)相應(yīng)的意思，則需改換動(dòng)詞或時(shí)態(tài)。如：Mybrotherhashad(不能用hasbought)thisbikeforalmostfouryears.Howlonghasthisbookbeenbought?Howlongagowasthisbookbought?6)只帶有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。

e.g.Wehavebuiltmanyhousesinthepasttenyears.→Manyhouseshavebeenbuiltinthepasttenyears.7)帶有雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，如give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,read,sell,buy,tell,pay,lend,pass,promise等，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，可將其中一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一個(gè)保留不動(dòng)。

e.g.Wehavegivenhimthebook.→He

hasbeengiventhebook.→Thebookhasbeengiventohim.8)帶有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，只能將賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，原來(lái)的賓補(bǔ)改為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。原來(lái)省略to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中要用帶to的不定式。

e.g.Ihavetoldthemtohelpyou.→Theyhavebeentold

tohelpyou.Ihavemadeherworkhard.→Shehasbeenmadetoworkhard.用所給（短語(yǔ)）動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。1.Thechildren_______________(tell)manytimesnottogoneartheriver.2.Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilms_________________(produce)allovertheworld.

3.Jenny__________(make)rapidprogressrecentlyandisalwaysbeingpraisedbytheteachers.havebeentoldhavebeenproducedhasmade

4.Greatchanges__________________(takeplace)inourcountrysincethe2008OlympicGames.5.Thistopic_____________________(talkabout)fortwohours.havetakenplacehasbeentalkedabout用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)重組下列句子。anewhospitalforwomenandchildren,build,inBeijing2.moreandmoretrees,cutdown,byfarmersAnewhospitalforwomenandchildrenhasbeenbuiltin

Beijing.Moreandmoretreeshavebeencutdownbyfarmers.3.about300buildingsandhouses,destroy,intheearthquake4.alotofmoney,spend,protecttheoldtempleAbout300buildingsandhouseshavebeendestroyedintheearthquake.Alotofmoneyhasbeenspentprotectingtheoldtemple.Underlinetheuseofthepresentperfectvoiceinthefollowingpoem.Thenfillinthechartbelow.thewaytheflowershavebeenplantedthewaythegrasshasbeencutthewaythepathshavebeensweptthewayyourfacehasbeenwashedthewayyourshoeshavebeencleanedReadthispoemaloud,payingattentiontotherhythmandintonation.Thenwriteyourownpoem.Lookattheway______________________Lookattheway______________________Lookattheway_______________________________________________thetablehasbeenlaidtheglasseshavebeenplacedthefoodhasbeencookedYou’dbetterdothemagain.possiblepoem:Lookattheway________________________Lookattheway________________________Lookattheway_________________________________________________________yourbedhasbeenmadeyourcarpethasbeensweptyourshoeshavebeentidied1.Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilms _____allovertheworld.A.haveproducedB.havebeenproducedC.areproducingD.arebeingproduced從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。2.Experimentsofthiskind_____inboththeU.S.andEuropewellbeforetheSecondWorldWar.haveconducted B.havebeenconductedC.hadconducted D.hadbeenconducted3.EveryyearafloodoffarmersarriveinShenzhenforthemoney-makingjobsthey_____beforeleavingtheirhometowns.promised B.werepromisedC.havepromised D.havebeenpromised4.Hissisterlefthomein1998,and _____since.A.hadnotbeenheardofB.hasnotbeenheardofC.hadnotheardof D.hasnotheardof5.IliketheseEnglishsongsandthey _____manytimesontheradio.A.taughtB.havetaughtC.aretaughtD.havebeentaught6.Thoughwedon’tknowwhatwas discussed,yetwecanfeelthetopic _____.