無(wú)錫市錫山區(qū)錫東高級(jí)中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)試卷

2023-2024學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期期中考試高一英語(yǔ)試卷考試時(shí)間：120分鐘分值：150分第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whathashappenedtotheriver?A.Thefishinithasdiedout.B.Ithasstoppedflowing.C.It’sgotbadlypolluted.2.Howdidthemanfindhiswayhome?A.Heturnedtoapoliceman.B.Hefoundthewayhimself.C.Hegothelpfromafriend.3.Whatwillthespeakersdiscuss?A.Anewplan. B.Airpollution. C.Waterpollution.4.Whyisthemannowlivingoutsideofthecity?A.Thetrafficinthecityisunbearabletohim.B.Heisusedtolivingoutsideofthecity.C.Thereisnofreshairinsidethecity.5.Wherewillthewomanputherplants?A.Inherbackyard. B.Inherwindow. C.Onherbalcony.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6至7題。6.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthezoo?A.Goodforanimals.B.Badforbothanimalsandhumans.C.Badforanimalsbutgoodforhumans.7.Whatdoesthemanthinkofcagesinzoos?A.Theycanprotectvisitorsfromdangerousanimals.B.Theyareusedtokeepanimalsfromescaping.C.Theyarenotnecessaryatall.聽第7段材料，回答第8至9題。8.Whatisthemanupsetabout?A.Thedishes. B.Thebathroom. C.Thewoman’snails.9.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Roommates. B.Motherandson. C.Boyfriendandgirlfriend.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatarethetwospeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Famouscountries. B.Popularsports. C.Eco-tours.11.WhichactivityintheUSAisintroducedinthedialogue?A.Mountain-climbing. B.Bird-watching. C.River-rafting.12.Howmanycountriesarementionedinthedialogue?A.Three. B.Four. C.Five.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whoistheman?A.Awaiter. B.Ashopassistant. C.Amanager.14.Whatisthemangoodat?A.Talkingtoprettygirls.B.Dealingwithproblemcustomers.C.Helpingcustomersorder.15.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Talktohismanager. B.Getapart-timejob. C.Earnalittlemoney.16.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Findajob. B.Orderdishes. C.Givethemansometips.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Wheredidthespeakergetthenews?A.OnTV. B.Inthenewspaper. C.ThroughtheInternet.18.Whatisthespeakermainlytellingus?A.China’strafficdevelopment.B.China’scarproblems.C.China’spollution.19.Howmanycarsarethere?A.About20million.B.Almost140million.C.Nearly1,000million.20.HowwillthetrafficbeinChinainthefuture?A.Fewroadaccidentsthaninothercountries.B.Afastertrafficsystemwhichcostsless.C.Moreroadblockingthannow.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題，每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ALouisPasteuroncesaid,“Chancefavorsthepreparedmind.”That’sthetruthbehindthefollowinginventions—thescientistswerepreparedandwereabletoseethemagicinamistake.MauveIn1856WilliamPerkinwastryingtocomeupwithanartificialmedicine,buthisexperimentsproducedathickmess.ButthemorePerkinlookedatit,themorehesawabeautifulcolorinhismess.Itturnedoutthathehadmademauve,thefirst-eversyntheticdye（合成染料）.whichwasfarbetterthananynaturaldyes:thecolorwasbrighter,clearer,anddidn’tfadeorwashout.SuperglueThissuper-stickysubstancewasdiscoveredbyaccident—twice!ChemistHarryCooverhadbeenattemptingtomakeclearplasticgunsights,andin1942onemethodhetestedproducedanextremelyquickbondingadhesive（黏合劑）.Itwasuselessforhisgunsights,though.andheforgotaboutituntilalmosttenyearslater,whenhecameacrossitagainwhiledevelopingheat-resistantpartsforairplanes.Thistimeherealiseditspotential,andtheproductwasputonthemarket.PlasticIn1907,shellac（蟲膠）wasusedinelectronics.Itwascostly,soAmericanchemistLeoHendrikBaekelandtriedtoproduceanalternative.Instead,hisexperimentsproducedamaterialthatcouldtakehightemperatures.Helaterdevelopeditintoplastic,anditwassoonusedintheproductionofalmosteverything.TeflonBackinthe1930s,YoungDuPontchemistRoyPlunkettwasworkingtomakeanewkindofCFCforrefrigeration.Afterstoringthegasincertaincontainers,heopenedonetodiscoverthatithadchangedintoawhitepowderthatwasextremelystickyandhadaveryhighmeltingpoint.Threeyearslater,thesubstance,whichwasnamedTeflon,waspatented.21.Whichinventioncameoutearliest?A.Mauve. B.Superglue.C.Plastic. D.Teflon.22.Whorecognizedthevalueofhisoriginalinventionwhendevelopingairplaneparts?A.WilliamPerkin. B.HarryCoover.C.LeoHendrikBaekeland. D.RoyPlunkett.23.Whatdotheinventionshaveincommon?A.Theyweremadebyaccident.B.Theycouldtakehightemperatures.C.Theyreceivednorecognitionatfirst.D.Theycouldbeusedinmedicalfields.BWashington,DC—Inapressconferencetoday,theNationalGalleryofArtwillsharegroundbreakingnewfindingsaboutJohannesVermeer（1632~1675）tobeexploredintheexhibitionof“Vermeer’sSecrets”,openingonOctober8.ThesefindingsledateamofprofessorsandscientistsworkingtogethertodeterminethatthepaintingGirlwithaFlutewasmadebyapartnerofVermeer—notbytheDutchartisthimself,aswaspreviouslybelieved.Thischallengesthelong-heldbeliefthathewasalonegeniusand,instead,assumeshimasaninstructortothenextgenerationofartists.InpartbecauseVermeer’scollectionofworkscontainsonlyabout35acceptedpaintings,professorshavegenerallyconsidereditunlikelythathehadstudentsorpartners.Withnosurvivingdocumentstoprovideevidenceofaworkshop,itwasbelievedthathemusthaveworkedalone.TheexistenceofotherartistsworkingwithJohannesVermeerisperhapsoneofthemostsignificantnewfindingsabouttheartisttobediscoveredindecades.ItchangesthoroughlythepopularunderstandingofVermeer,buildingondecadesofresearchandusingadvancedscientifictechnologytoexposeexcitingdiscoveriesthataddnewknowledgetothesecretartist.“IamunbelievablyproudoftheteamofNationalGallerystaffwhoworkedtogethertostudythesepaintings,”saidKaywinFeldman,directoroftheNationalGalleryofArt.OnviewthroughJanuary8,“Vermeer’sSecrets”offersaudiencesabehind-the-scenelookathowNationalGalleryprofessorsandscientistsstudiedthemuseum’sfourtreasuredpaintings—aswellastwo20th-centuryfake（假的）copies—tobetterunderstand“whatmakesaVermeeraVermeer”.ResearchalsoledscientiststodeterminethatVermeer’sGirlwiththeRedHatwasmadeataturningpointintheartist’scareer.TheyrecognizedGirlwiththeRedHatasakeyworkthatpointstoVermeer’slatestyle.24.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“This”inParagraph3referto?A.ThataworkmateofVermeerworkedonGirlwithaFlute.、B.Thatateamofdevotedprofessorsandscientistsworkedtogether.C.ThatVermeerwasaloneinstructortothenextgenerationofartists.D.ThatthereisnosurvivingevidenceofVermeerowningaworkshop.25.WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.Thepropertyoftheresearch.B.Theprocessofthenewresearch.C.ThepraisefromKaywinFeldman.D.Thesignificanceofthenewfinding.26.Whywastheexhibitionof“Vermeer’sSecrets”held?A.ToguideustoenjoyVermeer’spaintings.B.ToofferusabetterunderstandingofVermeer.C.Toshowusaloneandfamiliarpaintinggenius.D.TogiveusaninsightintoDutchartofpainting.27.Whatwilltheauthormostprobablytalkaboutnext?A.Whateffectsthenewfindingshaveonthepreviousviews.B.WhetherGirlwiththeRedHatwascreatedbyVermeeralone.C.HowGirlwiththeRedHatisdifferentfromGirlwithaFlute.D.WhyGirlwiththeRedHatmarkedaturningpointinVermeer’scareer.CComfortfoodmakesapersonfeelgood.Foodhighinsugarorfattendstoimprovemoodbystimulatingthebrain’srewardsystem.Soitmakessensethatmanyofusmayturntofoodforcomfortintimesofstress.There’ssomefascinatingresearchthatexaminesfoodasasourceofcomfort.However,themostinterestingthingaboutthisresearchmaybethatfoodsarefarlesscomfortingthanwetendtobelievetheyare.TraciMann,aprofessorofpsychology,andcolleaguesconductedaseriesofstudieswithcollegestudents.Theresearchersexaminedhowmuchcomfortfoodsactuallyimprovemood.Theyprovidedstudentswithoneofthethreefoodsthattheyhadindicatedweretheirtop,personalcomfortfoods.Afterproducinganegativemoodbyhavingthemwatchmovieclipsdesignedtoincreasetheirsadness,angerandanxiety,theresearchersofferedthestudentstheircomfortfood.Theyhadtoassess（評(píng)估）howtheyfeltbeforeandaftertheyweresupposedlycomfortedbyicecream,pizzaorwhatevertheyhadindicatedtheytypicallyatetofeelbetter.Allofthestudentscompletedthestudyontwoseparateoccasions:oncewhentheywereabletoeattheircomfortfoodandoncewhentheywereabletoeatanotherfoodtheyliked,buttheywouldn’tcallacomfortfood.Theresearchersfoundthatcomfortfooddidimprovestudents’moods—butonlybyalittlebitandnotmorethantheotherfoodtheyliked.Inanotherstudy,comfortfoodwascomparedtonofoodatall,andstudents’moodsseemedtoimproveevenwhentheydidn’teatanything—mostlikelyjustduetothepassageoftime.Thetake-homemessagefromthestudies?Whilethecomfortfoodmaymakethepersonfeelbetterforthetimebeing,itdoeslittletoaddressemotionalproblems.Ofcourse,everyonecanindulge（縱情）inacomfortfoodfromtimetotime,butoverall,aimfortheseinstancestobetheexceptionratherthantherule.28.WhichaspectofcomfortfooddoTraciMann’sstudiesfocuson?A.Themeansbywhichitaffectsmood.”B.Itsroleinreducingnegativity.C.Theextenttowhichitliftsmood.D.Itsimpactonphysicalhealth.29.Howwerethestudiescarriedout?A.Bycomparison. B.Byobservation.C.Byanalysis. D.Bycollectingdata.30.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodointhelastparagraph?A.Toexplainarule. B.Tointroduceaconcept.C.Topresentafact. D.Tomakeasuggestion.31.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.FeelingNegative?TryComfortFoodB.ComfortFoodMayNotDoWondersC.TheSciencebehindComfortFoodD.ComfortFoodTendstoBeUnhealthyDNobodylikestofail.Itmakespeoplefeelembarrassedanddiscouraged.What’sworse,itmaycausemajorprofessionalorpersonaltroubleandleadtonegativity.Basically,failureisnofunformostpeople.However,avastbodyofresearchtellsusthatfailureprovidesuswithachancetogrowanddevelop,increasesadaptability,andhelpsprotectagainstanxiety.It’shardtochangethemindset（心態(tài)）ofalifetime.Butevenifwestillcan’tgetoverthebrokenmarriageorthefailedCollegeEntranceExaminationortheworkpresentationthatwentfearfullywrong,itmightnotbetoolateforourkids.ChristyPennison,aprofessionalconsultant,sayssheworkswithanincreasingnumberofkidsandteenswhoshowsignificantanxietyaroundafearoffailure.Shesaid,“Wewanttoprotectourchildren,andwewantthemtolivehappyandmeaningfullives,sowefrequentlytellthemtheharmoffailureandaskthemtoavoidfailure.Thechildrenexperiencinginternalandsometimesexternalpressurethinktheyshouldn’tfail.Meanwhile,wealwayshavehighexpectationsofthem.Sowhentheydon’tliveuptoacertainstandard,orthingsdon’tgoaccordingtotheplans,theywillfeelupsetandanxious.”Pennisonarguesthatfailuresareoftenthehiddenlearningchancesthatcanhelppeopledeveloppositivequalities,likepersistence,focus,flexibility,paticnce,andpositiveself-image.Sowhatcanparentsdotohelptheirchildrenembrace（擁抱）failureinsteadofavoidingitatallcosts?Pennisonsuggestsdirectingpraisetowardstheeffort,nottheresult.“Thisallowschildrentobuildconfidenceinthemselves,”sheexplains.“Recognizingtheeffortcangivechildrenpermissiontotrynewthingswithoutafearoffailure.Andthebiggerpictureisthatthedevelopmentofthemindset—‘I’drathertryandfailthannottryatall.’—helpsthemkeepbeliefinthemselves,andexpandstheirworldofpossibilities.”AsPennisonpointsout,weallfail,buthowwegetupafterwefailiswhatmatters.32.Whataspectdomostpeoplefocusonwhenthinkingoffailure?A.Thegreatcouragetofaceit.B.Theeffortsmadetodealwithit.C.Unexpectedbenefitsitbrings.D.Unpleasantsideeffectsitbrings.33.WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinParagraph2?A.Bringupthemaintopic.B.Listthechallengesinourlife.C.Addsomebackgroundinformation.D.Stresstheimportanceofthemindset.34.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthethirdparagraph?A.Thecausesofchildren’sanxiety.B.Theeffectsofoverprotectingchildren.C.ChristyPennison’scommentsonadolescents.D.ChristyPennison’sexperienceineducatingchildren.35.Whichofthefollowingadvicecanhelpparentsencouragekidstofacefailure?①Praisekids’everyachievement.②Makekidsembraceabrightmindset.③Focusontheprocessofkids’effort.④Expandkids’knowledgeabouttheworld.⑤Encouragekidstomakenewattempts.A.①②④ B.②③④ C.②③⑤ D.①③⑤第二節(jié)七選五（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）AsmyhusbandandIdrovedownacountryroad,wepassedafirestationwithasignthatread.“Areyoureadyforthenextstorm?”O(jiān)urareahadjustbeeninthepathofHurricaneIrma,causingdownedtreesandpoweroff.36Wehavehadourshareofstormsinthepast—asnowstormandotherheavysnowsthatknockeddowntrees,sometimesuptoaweekatatime.Thosedaysweren’tfun,butwelearnedsomuchfromthoseearlystorms.Itmadelaterstormseasiertobear.37Weboughtabattery-operatedradiotokeepupwiththenews.Westockeduponbatteriessothatwe’dhaveplentyforextendedpowerfailures.Wemakesureourgrillisreadyanditstankisfull,andwepurchasefoodthatcanbeeasilypreparedandthencookedorheatedonthegrill.38Wehavebooklightstoreadinthedark.Wekeepourcargastanksfullandhaveemergencycashonhand.We’rereadyforthenextstorm,butwewouldn’thavelearnedtodoallthosethingsifwehadn’tfacedastorminthepast.Thesameistruespiritually.Thoselittlestormsinourlivesareneverfun,buttheyprepareusforthebigtrialscomingtous.39Areyoureadyforthenextstorm?40AThankstoallthosestorms.E.Theycanteachussomevaluablelessons.C.Yowisthetimetogetready.D.Howlongdoyouthinkthisstormwilllast?E.Wewerestuckinthedarkandcutofffromtheoutsideworld.F.Nowwehavestoredasmanynecessitiesaspossibleincaseofpotentialstorms.G.Andwedon’tforgettobuyemergencychocolate!第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（滿分55分）第一節(jié)完型填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）TravellingtoaEuropeancountrywithmymotherwasexciting.However,itwouldnotbe41withoutfacingproblemsandfiguringthemout.Wehadjuststartedtoget42withtheParissubwaysystem.Thususingitwasverydifficult.Wewerewalkingataslowpaceuntilwe43thesubwaywasabouttoleave.AssoonasI44,thedoorsshutwithmymomontheotherside.Ididnothavemycellphone,neitherofusspokeawordofFrench,andwehadnoideahowto45eachother.MymomandI,whowereboth46,begantopound（猛擊）onthedoors.Suddenly,amanwithaverypuzzledlookonhisfacewalkedovertothedoorsandsimply47them.Mymomsteppedonandwehuggedasifwe48forthefirsttimeinyears.Ahugesenseof49washedoverus,followedbyembarrassment.50,mymomandIwereableto51thevictoriesoffindingdestinations.Webegantofamiliarizeourselveswiththeneighborhood,52findingourfavouritebreakfastcafe,andwalkingtomuseumsandback.ThetriptoPariswas53.Ittaughtmeitisunavoidabletoruninto54whentryingtoexploreanunfamiliararea,but55youcontinuetowork,youwillimprove.41.A.beneficial B.typical C.practical D.complete42.A.content B.familiar C.bored D.popular43.A.guessed B.realized C.recalled D.felt44.A.goton B.spedup C.startedoff D.fellover45.A.comfort B.encourage C.remind D.contact46.A.shocked B.regretful C.anxious D.embarrassed47.A.unlocked B.destroyed C.closed D.repaired48.A.survived B.reunited C.responded D.communicated49.A.shame B.anger C.relief D.peace50.A.Suddenly B.Eventually C.Thankfully D.Naturally51.A.expect B.miss C.record D.celebrate52A.suchas B.insteadof C.ratherthan D.apartfrom53.A.important B.disappointing C.unforgettable D.fruitless54.A.challenges B.arguments C.fights D.dangers55.A.unless B.until C.if D.since第二節(jié)短文語(yǔ)法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）Forthepasttwentyyears,ChenHuili,aculturalheritagemonitorandguide,hasdevotedherselfto56（protect）thecarvingsoftheYuanjueCave,partoftheDazuRockCarvingsinChongqing,57wereaddedtotheUNESCOWorldHeritageListin1999.While58（show）visitorsaround,Chenbecamepainfullyawareoftheseriousdamagetothecave59（cause）bythepassageoftime.Theflat-roofedcavelackedsomethingtosupportitsweight.Asaresult,theceiling（頂部）wascomingoffinpieces,posingagreatthreattothepricelesscarvings.Withrelatedknowledgeandgreateagerness60（save）thesculptures,Chenjoinedtheprotectioncenter.61timewentby.Chen’sexperiencegrewandeventuallyshedevelopedheruniqueapproachtoprotectingculturalheritage.She62（involve）inanumberofmajorprojectssofar,includingtheeight-yearrestorationoftheThousand-ArmedAvalokitesvara.Andwithherteam’shardefforts.63（effect）measuressuchashydraulicironframes（液壓鐵架）havenowsuccessfullybeenintroducedtosupporttheroofoftheYuanjueCave.64herremarkableachievements,Chenremainsunsatisfied.Inheropinion.it’shighlynecessary65（improve）theroleoftechnologyinculturalheritageprotectionandtrainyoungtalentsforthisfield.ForChen,YuanjueCavewillremainafocusandshebelievestherewi