羅賓斯組織行為學(xué)第18版英文試題庫(kù)附答案chapter6

OrganizationalBehavior,18e(Robbins)

Chapter6PerceptionandIndividualDecisionMaking

1)istheprocessbywhichindividualsorganizeandinterprettheirsensoryimpressionsinordertogivemeaningtotheirenvironment.

A)Sensation

B)Impression

C)Apprehension

D)Attribution

E)Perception

Answer:E

Explanation:Perceptionisdefinedasaprocessbywhichindividualsorganizeandinterpret

theirsensoryimpressionsinordertogivemeaningtotheirenvironment.People'sbehavioris

basedontheirperceptionofwhatrealityis,andnotonrealityitself.Whatapersonperceivescanbesubstantiallydifferentfromobjectivereality.

LO:6.1:Explainthefactorsthatinfluenceperception.

Difficulty:Easy

Quest.Category:Concept

2)Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueregardingperception?

A)Perceptionofrealityisindependentofone'spersonality.

B)Ourperceptionofatargetisnotaffectedbythecontextofthesituationinwhichtheperceptionismade

C)Ourperceptionofrealitycanbedifferentfromtheobjectivereality.

D)Ourperceptionofrealityisindependentofourpastexperiences.

E)Weformaperceptionofatargetbylookingatitinisolation.

Answer:C

Explanation:Ourperceptionofrealitycanbedifferentfromtheobjectivereality.Our

perceptionofrealityisaffectedbyourpersonality,pastexperiences,andthecontextofthesituationinwhichtheperceptionismade.Wedonotlookattargetsinisolation.

LO:6.1:Explainthefactorsthatinfluenceperception.

Difficulty:Easy

Quest.Category:Concept

CopyrightO2019PearsonEducation,Inc

3)Whentwopeoplewitnesssomethingatthesametimeandinthesamesituationyetinterpretitdifferently,factorsthatoperatetoshapetheirperceptionsresideinthe

A)perceivers

B)target

C)timing

D)context

E)situation

Answer:A

Explanation:Sincethetimeandsituationarethesame,thefactorsthatoperatetoshapeperceptionmustbeintheperceiversthemselves.Personalcharacteristicsthatcanaffect

perceptionincludeperceiverattitudes,personality,motives,interests,pastexperiences,andexpectations.

LO:6.1:Explainthefactorsthatinfluenceperception.

Difficulty:Easy

Quest.Category:Concept

4)DavidMyersisoftheopinionthatpeoplewhodriveSUVsarerashdrivers.HefeelsthatpeopledrivingSUVsdonotrespectroadrulesandalwaysviolatetrafficregulations.What

personalfactorismostlikelytobeaffectingMyers'perceptionofSUVdrivers?A)hisfinancialbackground

B)hisexpectations

C)hisinterest

D)hismotive

E)hispersonality

Answer:B

Explanation:MyersexpectsallSUVdriverstobedangerous.Hisexpectationsarewhatcolorhisperception.Theexampledoesn'texplainwhyheexpectsthis,althoughitcouldbefroma

previousbadexperience.

LO:6.1:Explainthefactorsthatinfluenceperception.

AACSB:Analyticalthinking

Difficulty:Moderate

Quest.Category:Application

2

Copyright◎2019PearsonEducation,Inc.

5)Extremelyattractiveorunattractiveindividualsaremostlikelytobenoticedinagroup.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesthereasonbehindthis?

A)Ourperceptionofrealitydependsonourpastexperiences.

B)Ourperceptionofrealitydependsonourpersonality.

C)Wedon'tlookattargetsinisolation.

D)Thetimeatwhichweseeanobjectcaninfluenceourperceptionoftheobject.E)Ourmotivesandexpectationsaffectourperceptionofatarget.

Answer:C

Explanation:Characteristicsofthetargetweobservecanaffectwhatweperceive.Loudpeoplearemorelikelytobenoticedinagroupthanquietones.So,too,areextremelyattractiveor

unattractiveindividuals.Becausewedon'tlookattargetsinisolation,therelationshipofatargettoitsbackgroundinfluencesourperceptionofthetarget.

LO:6.1:Explainthefactorsthatinfluenceperception.

Difficulty:Moderate

Quest.Category:Concept

6)Duringteammeetings,AmberDowningalwaysnoticesthatRhonaLawtendstoaskmany

questionsandsuggestideasateachdiscussion.However,Lawstandsoutinthemeetingsonly

becausesheistheonlyonemakingsuggestions.Ifbothofthemwerepartofteammeetings

wherealmostallmembersmadesuggestionsandaskedquestions,Lawwouldnothavedrawnas

muchattentionfromDowning.WhichofthefollowingfactorshasmostlikelyinfluencedDowning'sperceptionofLaw?

A)expectation

B)interest

C)pastexperience

D)context

E)motive

Answer:D

Explanation:Anumberoffactorsoperatetoshapeandsometimesdistortperception.These

factorscanresideintheperceiver,intheobjectortargetbeingperceived,orinthecontextofthesituationinwhichtheperceptionismade.

LO:6.1:Explainthefactorsthatinfluenceperception.

AACSB:Analyticalthinking

Difficulty:Moderate

Quest.Category:Application

3

CopyrightC2019PearsonEducation,Inc.

7)MonicaWaldenfeelsthatpeoplewhouseplasticbagsareinsensitivetowardtheenvironment.

Shebelievesthatpeoplehaveacertainobligationtowardtheirenvironmentandshouldtakeituponthemselvestoprotectandpreserveit.Whichofthefollowingfactorshasmostlikely

influencedWalden'sperceptionofplasticbagusers?

A)location

B)time

C)characteristicofthetarget

D)expectation

E)context

Answer:D

Explanation:Anumberoffactorsoperatetoshapeandsometimesdistortperception.These

factorscanresideintheperceiver,intheobjectortargetbeingperceived,orinthecontextofthesituationinwhichtheperceptionismade.

LO:6.1:Explainthefactorsthatinfluenceperception.

AACSB:Analyticalthinking

Difficulty:Moderate

Quest.Category:Application

8)Whichofthefollowingisafactorpresentinatargetwhichmayaffectaperson'sperception?

A)attitude

B)motive

C)interest

D)novelty

E)experience

Answer:D

Explanation:Factorspresentinatargetwhichmayaffectperceptionarenovelty,motion,sound,size,background,proximity,andsimilarity.

LO:6.1:Explainthefactorsthatinfluenceperception.

Difficulty:Easy

Quest.Category:Concept

9)Whichofthefollowingisafactorpresentinasituationwhichmayaffectaperson'sperception?

A)similarity

B)size

C)expectation

D)time

E)experience

Answer:D

Explanation:Factorspresentinasituationwhichmayaffectperceptionareworksetting,socialsetting,andtime.

LO:6.1:Explainthefactorsthatinfluenceperception.

Difficulty:Easy

Quest.Category:Concept

4

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10)Whichofthefollowingisafactorpresentinaperceiverwhichmayaffectperception?A)interest

B)similarity

C)sound

D)proximity

E)background

Answer:A

Explanation:Factorspresentinaperceiverwhichmayaffectperceptionareattitudes,motives,interests,experience,andexpectations.

LO:6.1:Explainthefactorsthatinfluenceperception.

Difficulty:Easy

Quest.Category:Concept

11)AliciaAkersworksasamarketingexecutive.Shealwaystalksinahighpitchandoftendrawsalotofattentionwhereversheis.WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestexplainsthereasonbehindpeoplenoticingAkers?

A)Perceptionofrealitydependsontheperceiver'spastexperiences.

B)Perceptionofrealitydependsontheperceiver'spersonality.

C)Characteristicsofthetargetaffectpeople'sperception.

D)Thetimeatwhichweobservebehavioraffectsperception.

E)Motivesandinterestsoftheperceiveraffectsperceptionofbehavior.

Answer:C

Explanation:Characteristicsofthetargetweobservecanaffectperception.Loudpeoplearemorelikelytobenoticedinagroupthanquietones.Evenextremelyattractiveorunattractiveindividualsaremorelikelytobenoticed.Sincepeopledonotlookattargetsinisolation,therelationshipofatargettoitsbackgroundinfluencesone'sperceptionofthetarget.

LO:6.1:Explainthefactorsthatinfluenceperception.

AACSB:Analyticalthinking

Difficulty:Easy

Quest.Category:Application

12)Peopleareusuallynotawareofthefactorsthatinfluencetheirviewofreality.Answer:TRUE

Explanation:Peopleareusuallynotawareofthefactorsthatinfluencetheirviewofreality.Infact,peoplearenoteventhatperceptiveabouttheirownabilities.

LO:6.1:Explainthefactorsthatinfluenceperception.

Difficulty:Easy

Quest.Category:Concept

13)People'sbehaviorisbasedontheirperceptionofwhatrealityis,notonrealityitself.Answer:TRUF

Explanation:People'sbehaviorisbasedontheirperceptionofwhatrealityis,notonrealityitself.Theworldasitisperceivedistheworldthatisbehaviorallyimportant.

LO:6.1:Explainthefactorsthatinfluenceperception.

Difficulty:Easy

Quest.Category:Concept

5

Copyright◎2019PearsonEducation,Inc.

14)Theperceptionofatargetisunaffectedbytheperceiver'spersonalityorpastexperiences.Answer:FALSE

Explanation:Anumberoffactorsoperatetoshapeandsometimesdistortperception.These

factorscanresideintheperceiver,intheobjectortargetbeingperceived,orinthecontextofthesituationinwhichtheperceptionismade.

LO:6.1:Explainthefactorsthatinfluenceperception.

Difficulty:Easy

Quest.Category:Concept

15)Whatisperception?Discussthefactorsthatinfluenceperception.

Answer:Perceptionisaprocessbywhichindividualsorganizeandinterprettheirsensory

impressionsinordertogivemeaningtotheirenvironment.Whatanindividualperceivescanbesubstantiallydifferentfromobjectivereality.Whenpeoplelookatatargetandattemptto

interpretwhattheysee,theirinterpretationisheavilyinfluencedbypersonalcharacteristicssuchastheirattitudes,personality,motives,interests,pastexperiences,andexpectations.

Characteristicsofthetargetalsoaffectperception.Sincepeopledonotlookattargetsinisolation,

therelationshipofatargettoitsbackgroundalsoinfluencesperception,asdoesone'stendencytogroupclosethingsandsimilarthingstogether.Contextmattersaswell.Thetimeatwhichpeopleseeanobjectoreventcaninfluenceattention,ascanlocation,light,heat,oranynumberof

situationalfactors.

LO:6.1:Explainthefactorsthatinfluenceperception.

Difficulty:Moderate

Quest.Category:Concept

16)Explainwithanexamplethecontrasteffect.

Answer:Evaluationofaperson'scharacteristicsthatisaffectedbycomparisonswithotherpeoplerecentlyencounteredwhorankhigherorloweronthesamecharacteristicsisknownasthecontrasteffect.Wedon'tevaluateapersoninisolation.Ourreactionisinfluencedbyotherpersonswehaverecentlyencountered.Forexample,inaseriesofjobinterviews,interviewerscanmakedistortionsinanygivencandidate'sevaluationasaresultofhisorherplaceinthe

interviewschedule.Acandidateislikelytoreceiveamorefavorableevaluationifprecededbymediocreapplicantsandalessfavorableevaluationifprecededbystrongapplicants.

LO:6.1:Explainthefactorsthatinfluenceperception.

Difficulty:Moderate

Quest.Category:Concept

6

Copyright◎2019PearsonEducation,Inc.

17)explainsthewaysinwhichwejudgepeopledifferently,dependingonthemeaningweassigntoagivenbehavior.

A)Attributiontheory

B)Equitytheory

C)Objectrelationstheory

D)Attachmenttheory

E)Culturalschematheory

Answer:A

Explanation:Attributiontheorysuggeststhatwhenweobserveanindividualsbehavior,weattempttodeterminewhetheritwasinternallyorexternallycaused.Determinationhowever,dependslargelyonthreefactors,namely,distinctiveness,consensus,andconsistency.

LO:6.2:Describeattributiontheory.

Difficulty:Easy

Quest.Category:Concept

18)Attributiontheorysuggeststhatwhenweobserveanindividual'sbehavior,weattemptto

determinewhetheritwasinternallyorexternallycaused.Thatdetermination,however,dependslargelyonthreefactors.Whichofthefollowingisoneofthesethreefactors?

A)traceability

B)consistency

C)verifiability

D)relatedness

E)affectintensity

Answer:B

Explanation:Attributiontheorysuggeststhatwhenweobserveanindividual'sbehavior,we

attempttodeterminewhetheritwasinternallyorexternallycaused.Determinationhowever,dependslargelyonthreefactors,namely,distinctiveness,consensus,andconsistency.

LO:6.2:Describeattributiontheory.

Difficulty:Easy

Quest.Category:Concept

19)Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofinternallycausedbehavior?

A)Anemployeewaslateforateammeetingbecauseofaheavydownpour.

B)Anemployeewaslaidoffbecausethecompanywasattemptingtocutcostsbylayingoffemployees.

C)Anemployeewasfiredfromworkbecauseheviolatedacompanypolicy.

D)Anemployeecouldnotattendaninterviewbecauseofadelayedflight.

E)Anemployeecouldnotcometoworkbecausehemetwithanaccident.

Answer:C

Explanation:Internallycausedbehaviorsarethosewebelievetobeunderthepersonalcontrol

oftheindividual.

LO:6.2:Describeattributiontheory.

AACSB:Analyticalthinking

Difficulty:Moderate

Quest.Category:Application

7

Copyright◎2019PearsonEducation,Inc.

20)Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofexternallycausedbehavior?

A)Anemployeepostponesameetingbecauseheoverslept.

B)Anemployeeislatetoworkbecauseofapuncturedtire.

C)Anemployeewasfiredbecauseheviolatedacompanypolicy.

D)Anemployeewaspromotedwhenheachievedmorethantheassignedobjectives.

E)Anemployeeclosedasalewithanimportantcorporateclientbecauseofhisexcellentnegotiationskills

Answer:B

Explanation:Externallycausedbehavioriswhatweimaginethesituationforcedtheindividualtodo.Forinstance,ifanemployeeislateforwork,andyouattributehisarrivinglatetoan

automobileaccidentoraflattire,thenyouaremakinganexternalattribution.

LO:6.2:Describeattributiontheory.

AACSB:Analyticalthinking

Difficulty:Moderate

Quest.Category:Application

21)Accordingtotheattributiontheory,isoneofthethreemainfactorswhichattempttodetermineanindividual'sbehavior.

A)distinctiveness

B)perverseness

C)flexibleness

D)resilience

E)timorousness

Answer:A

Explanation:Attributiontheorysuggeststhatwhenweobserveanindividual'sbehavior,weattempttodeterminewhetheritwasinternallyorexternallycaused.Determination,however,dependslargelyonthreefactors,namely,distinctiveness,consensus,andconsistency.

LO:6.2:Describeattributiontheory.

Difficulty:Easy

Quest.Category:Concept

22)Whenindividualsobserveanotherperson'sbehavior,theyattempttodeterminewhetheritisinternallyorexternallycaused.Whichofthefollowingattemptstoexplainthisphenomenon?

A)Pygmalioneffect

B)emotionaldissonance

C)attributiontheory

D)two-factortheory

E)framingeffect

Answer:C

Explanation:Attributiontheoryisanattempttodeterminewhetheranindividual'sbehaviorisinternallyorexternallycaused.Wejudgepeopledifferently,dependingonthemeaningwe

attributetoagivenbehavior.Attributiontheorysuggeststhatwhenweobserveanindividual'sbehavior,weattempttodeterminewhetheritwasinternallyorexternallycaused.

LO:6.2:Describeattributiontheory.

Difficulty:Easy

Quest.Category:Concept

8

Copyright◎2019PearsonEducation,Inc.

23)Withreferencetotheattributiontheory,whichofthefollowingtermsindicatestheextenttowhichanindividualdisplaysdifferentbehaviorsindifferentsituations?

A)flexibility

B)integrity

C)consensus

D)consistency

E)distinctiveness

Answer:E

Explanation:Distinctivenessisoneofthreedeterminingfactorsthatcontributetoattribution

theoryperceptions.Distinctivenessreferstowhetheranindividualdisplaysdifferentbehaviorsin

differentsituations.

LO:6.2:Describeattributiontheory.

Difficulty:Easy

Quest.Category:Concept

24)Ifapersonrespondstoaparticularsituationinthesamewayoveralongtimeperiod,thentheattributiontheorystatesthatthebehaviordemonstrates

A)distinctiveness

B)consensus

C)consistency

D)discontinuity

E)traceability

Answer:C

Explanation:Consistencyinaperson'sactionsmeansthatthepersonrespondsinthesamewaytothesamesituationoveralongperiodoftime.Forinstance,anemployeewhohasnotbeenlateforseveralmonthsisperceiveddifferentlyfromanemployeewhoislatetwoorthreetimesa

week.Theregularlylateemployeedemonstrateshighconsistencyintardiness.

LO:6.2:Describeattributiontheory.

Difficulty:Easy

Quest.Category:Concept

25)Accordingtotheattributiontheory,ifabehaviorscores,wetendtoattributeittoexternalcauses.

A)lowondistinctiveness

B)lowonadaptability

C)lowonconsistency

D)highonstability

E)lowonconsensus

Answer:C

Explanation:Consistencyindicatesthatthepersonrespondsthesamewayovertime.Thelessconsistentthebehavior,themoreweareinclinedtoattributeittoexternalcauses.

LO:6.2:Describeattributiontheory.

Difficulty:Moderate

Quest.Category:Concept

9

Copyright◎2019PearsonEducation,Inc.

26)JaniceYoderworksinanenvironmentalcampaigningorganizationandoftenneedsto

interactwithalargeteamforprojectimplementationactivities.However,shealwaysfindsit

difficulttoworkasapartofateam.Shealwaysseemstohavemajordisagreementswithteam

memberswhichleadtoantagonisticrelationsbetweenthem.Thoughshehasmovedfromone

teamtoanother,herrelationswithcolleaguesalwaysseemtobehostileandcold.Howwouldtheattributiontheorydescribethisbehavior?

A)lowonconsensus

B)highonreliability

C)highonadaptability

D)highonconsistency

E)lowondistinctiveness

Answer:D

Explanation:Consistencyinaperson'sactionsmeansthatthepersonrespondsthesamewayovertimetothesamesituation.Yoderhashadhostilerelationshipswithcolleaguesoveralongperiodoftime.Thus,herbehaviorshowsconsistency.

LO:6.2:Describeattributiontheory.

AACSB:Analyticalthinking

Difficulty:Moderate

Quest.Category:Application

27)Accordingtotheattributiontheory,ifeveryonewhofacesasimilarsituationrespondsinthe

sameway,wecansaythebehaviorshows

A)distinctiveness

B)tractability

C)consensus

D)consistency

E)manageability

Answer:C

Explanation:Ifeveryonewhofacesasimilarsituationrespondsinthesameway,wecansay

thebehaviorshowsconsensus.

LO:6.2:Describeattributiontheory.

Difficulty:Easy

Quest.Category:Concept

10

Copyright◎2019PearsonEducation,Inc.

28)Janiceislateforworkeachdaybyabouttenminutes.Howwouldattributiontheorydescribe

thisbehavior?

A)Itshowsconsensus.

B)Itshowssimilarity.

C)Itshowsconsistency.

D)Itshowsreliability.

E)Itshowsdistinctiveness.

Answer:C

Explanation:Consistencyinaperson'sactionsmeansthatthepersonrespondsthesamewayovertimetothesamesituation.Anemployeewhohasn'tbeenlateforseveralmonthsis

perceiveddifferentlythananemployeewhoislatetwoorthreetimesaweek.Janice

demonstrateshighconsistencyintardiness.

LO:6.2:Describeattributiontheory.

AACSB:Analyticalthinking

Difficulty:Moderate

Quest.Category:Application

29)Accordingtotheattributiontheory,whichofthefollowingbehaviorsismostlikelytobeattributedtoanexternalcause?

A)abehaviorthatscoreshighonconsensus

B)abehaviorthatscoreslowondistinctiveness

C)abehaviorthatscoreshighonconsistency

D)abehaviorthatscoreslowontraceability

E)abehaviorthatscoreshighonrigidity

Answer:A

Explanation:Accordingtotheattributiontheory,ifabehaviorscoreshighonconsensus,we

tendtoattributeittoexternalcauses.

LO:6.2:Describeattributiontheory.

Difficulty:Moderate

Quest.Category:Concept

30)Samanthaisneverlateforwork,butlastMondayshearrivedanhourlatebecauseofheavytraffic.Accordingtotheattributiontheory,Samantha'sbehavioronthatdayscores

A)highonreliability

B)lowondistinctiveness

C)highontraceability

D)lowonconsistency

E)highonstability

Answer:D

Explanation:Ifapersonrespondsthesamewayovertimethenhisorherbehaviordisplaysconsistency.SinceSamanthaisgenerallyintheofficeontime,herbehaviorscoreslowon

consistency.

LO:6.2:Describeattributiontheory.

AACSB:Analyticalthinking

Difficulty:Moderate

Quest.Category:Application

11

Copyright◎2019PearsonEducation,Inc.

31)MeganCardova,whoworksasasalesexecutiveatOrbitBank,hasbeenfailingtomeethersalestargetsforthelast10months.Recently,shehadaface-to-facediscussionwithhermanagerwhereshesaidthattheunrealistictargetswerethereasonforherunderperformance.The

manager,however,noticedthatalltheotherteammemberswereachievingtheirtargetsand

sometimeswereevenachievingmorethanthesetnumbers.WhichofthefollowingisCardova'sbehaviormostlikelytobecharacterizedasaccordingtotheattributiontheory?

A)lowdistinctiveness

B)highrigidity

C)hightraceability

D)lowconsensus

E)lowconsistency

Answer:D

Explanation:Ifeveryonewhofacesasimilarsituationrespondsinthesameway,wecansay

thatthebehaviorshowsconsensus.

LO:6.2:Describeattributiontheory.

AACSB:Analyticalthinking

Difficulty:Moderate

Quest.Category:Application

32)Accordingtotheattributiontheory,ifabehaviorscores,wetendtoattributeittointernalcauses.

A)lowonconsistency

B)highonrigidity

C)lowondistinctiveness

D)highonconsensus

E)lowonconformity

Answer:C

Explanation:Distinctivenessreferstowhetheranindividualdisplaysdifferentbehaviorsindifferentsituations.Accordingtotheattributiontheory,ifabehaviorscoreslowon

distinctiveness,wetendtoattributeittointernalcauses.

LO:6.2:Describeattributiontheory.

Difficulty:Easy

Quest.Category:Concept

12

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33)Whichofthefollowingtermsbestdescribesthetendencytounderestimatetheinfluenceofexternalfactorsandoverestimatetheinfluenceofinternalfactorswhenmakingjudgmentsabout

thebehaviorofothers?

A)fundamentalattributionerror

B)bandwagoneffect

C)contrasteffect

D)emotionaldissonance

E)self-fulfillingprophecy

Answer:A

Explanation:Thetendencytounderestimatetheinfluenceofexternalfactorsandoverestimatetheinfluenceofinternalfactorswhenmakingjudgmentsaboutthebehaviorofothersisreferred

toasthefundamentalattributionerror.

LO:6.2:Describeattributiontheory.

Difficulty:Easy

Quest.Category:Concept

34)NaomiFisher,asalesmanageratPure,awaterpurifiercompany,hadanewmember,LeahMarshall,joinherteam.ThoughduringLeah'sinterview,Naomifeltshewouldbeaproductivesalesexecutive,herperformancehasoftenbeenbelowthemark.Consistentlyinthepastthreemonths,Leahhasbeenunabletoreachhertargetsandisfallingsubstantiallybehindonher

annualtargets.NaomiassumesthatLeahisnotdeterminedandmotivatedenoughtodowhatittakes.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,weakensNaomisassumption?

A)Leahhasoftenarrivedlateforteammeetingsconductedinthemorning

B)Leahhasbeenassignedasalesterritorywhereconsumersareffomlowincomegroups.C)Leahhasgoodinterpersonalskillsandgetsalongwellwithhercustomers.

D)Researchshowedthatthecompany'slargestcompetitorhadalowerturnoverthantheydid.

E)NaomirecentlyreceivedfeedbackfromotherteammembersthatLeahisoftenuncooperative.Answer:B

Explanation:Thetendencytounderestimatetheinfluenceofexternalfactorsandoverestimatetheinfluenceofinternalfactorswhenmakingjudgmentsaboutthebehaviorofothersrefersto

thefundamentalattributionerror.IfLeahisassignedasalesterritorywhereconsumersarefromlowincomegroups,thisshowsthatshedoesnotnecessarilylacktheabilitytoperformandthatexternalconstraintsarethereasonforherunderperformance.ItthusweakensNaomi's

assumption.IfLeahoftenarriveslateformeetings,itstrengthensNaomi'sassumptionbecauseit

indicatesthatLeahisnotmotivated.Goodinterpersonalskillsdonotnecessarilymeanthatapersonismotivated,andhence,thisdoesnotweakenNaomi'sassumption.Researchshowingthatthecompany'slargestcompetitorhadalowerturnoverthanthemisirrelevanttothe

assumption.

LO:6.2:Describeattributiontheory.

AACSB:Reflectivethinking

Difficulty:Hard

Quest.Category:CriticalThinking

13

Copyright◎2019PearsonEducation,Inc.

35)JohannaMurray,aclimatecampaigneratTheNationalFootprintFoundation,isknowninherorganizationtobeacampaignerofcaliberandhighperformance.Sherecentlyworkedonacampaignagainstglobalwarmingduringwhichsheworkedextremelyhardtoachieveprojectmilestones.However,thecampaignfailedasitcouldnotachievethedesiredobjective.Duetothis,hermanager,BrendaOwens,gaveherapoorperformanceappraisal.Intheappraisal,

BrendasaidthatJohannawasnotmotivatedandfailedtoreachoutto25,000peoplethroughInternetmediatospreadawarenessaboutclimatechange.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,

weakensBrenda'sstatement?

A)JohannalacksexperienceinpublicizingcampaignsusingInternetmedia.

B)BrendawasunabletomaketimeforJohannatobriefheronthetasksinvolvedincarryingoutthecampaign'smediastrategy.

C)Johannarecentlymovedfromtheagriculturecampaigntotheclimatecampaign.

D)Johanna'spreviousjobinvolvedanextensiveamountofresearchingonenvironmentalissues.E)Brendaisknownintheorganizationtobeafairandunbiasedmanager.

Answer:B

Explanation:Individualsandorganizationstendtoattributetheirownsuccessestointernal

factorssuchasabilityoreffortandplacetheblameforfailureonexternalfactorssuchasbad

luckorunproductiveco-workers.Thisisknownasaself-servingbias.IfBrendawereunabletomaketimeforJohannatobriefheronthetasksinvolvedincarryingoutthecampaign'smedia

strategy,thenthisweakenstheargumentbecauseitshowsthatitwasnotentirelyJohanna'sfaultandthatBrendaispartlytoblame.IfJohannalacksexperienceinpublicizingcampaignsusingInternetmedia,itstrengthensBrenda'sstatement.ThefactthatJohannarecentlymovedfromtheagriculturecampaigntotheclimatecampaignandthatJohanna'spreviousjobinvolvedan

extensiveamountofresearchingonenviron