2024新高考適應(yīng)性考試(九省聯(lián)考)英語試題答案解析

2024新高考適應(yīng)性考試(九省聯(lián)考)英語試題答案英語注意事項：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的考生號、姓名、考點學(xué)校、考場號及座位號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需要改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.?19.15.B.?9.18.C.?9.15.答案是C。1.WhatwillChrisdonext?A.Drinksomecoffee.B.WatchtheWorldCup.C.Gotosleep.2.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Strangers.B.Classmates.C.Relatives.3.Whatisthewoman’sattitudetotheman’ssuggestion?A.Favorable.B.Tolerant.C.Negative.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutTom?A.He’ssmartforhisage.B.He’sunwillingtostudy.C.He’sdifficulttogetalongwith.5.WhatdidKevindoyesterday?A.Hewentswimming.B.Hecleaneduphishouse.C.Hetalkedwithhisgrandparents.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;完后，各小題給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whoisarrangingthemeeting?A.Peter.B.David.C.Janet.7.Whendoesthemanprefertohavethemeeting?A.ThisWednesday.B.ThisFriday.C.NextMonday.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Travelexperiences.B.Vacationplans.C.Favoriteseasons.9.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Gotothebeach.B.Findasummerjob.C.MovetoWashington.聽第8段材料,回答第10至12題。10.WhatdoesthenewssayaboutbigonlinespendersintheUS?A.Thenumberofthemgrowsslowly.B.Therearemorementhanwomen.C.Theymakeuphalfofallshoppers.11.HowmuchdidAmericansspendshoppingonlinelastyear?A.3billion.B.0billion.C.class="main">12.WhatdidGeorgebuyonlinelastSunday?A.Anadventurenovel.B.Asoftwarepackage.C.AnotebyMarkTwain.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.WhathasRichardbeendoing?A.Visitingamuseum.B.WatchingTV.C.Studying.14.WhydoesSusancallRichard?A.Toaskforhelp.B.Togivethanks.C.Tomakeanappointment.15.WhatdoesSusanwanttodo?A.Seeanexhibition.B.Buyanewcellphone.C.Takepicturesofthesnow.16.Whatwillthespeakersprobablydo?A.Gotoapark.B.Playfootball.C.Attendaparty.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Wheredidthespeakerlearnaboutcollege?A.Fromthemovies.B.Fromherfamily.C.Fromthebooks.18.Whathelpedchangethespeaker’sattitudetowardsstudy?A.Herprofessor’sadvice.B.Hergraduateprogram.C.HertriptoAfrica.19.Howdoesthespeakerfeelwhenshetalksaboutherpastexperiences?A.Regretful.B.Relieved.C.Grateful.20.Whoisthespeakerprobablytalkingto?A.Conservationworkers.B.Highschoolstudents.C.Collegeteachers.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AYellowstonePosterExhibitiontoBeonViewatUW’sCoeLibraryAfirst-of-its-kindexhibitionthatfocusesonthehistoryofYellowstoneNationalParkposterswillbeondisplayattheUniversityofWyoming’sCoeLibrarybeginningTuesday,February1.“WonderlandIllustrated”willpresentpostersandposter-styleillustrationsoftheparkspanningfromthe1870sthrough2022.TheexhibitionwillbelocatedonLevel3ofCoeLibrary.ItwillbeonviewthroughTuesday,May31.Theexhibitiontakesplaceatthesametimeasthisyear’s150thanniversaryofthecreationofYellowstoneNationalPark.Thepostersintheexhibitionservethepurposeofbothadvertisingandart.“We’rethrilledtobeworkingwithYellowstonecollectorsJackandSusanDavís,andLarryandTheaLancastertobringthisexhibitiontotheUniversityofWyomingaspartofyear-longcelebrationsrecognizingYellowstone’s150thanniversary,”saysTamsenHert,headofUWLibraries’EmmettD.ChisumSpecialCollections.“Thisexhibitioninvolvesthehistoryofprinting,art,photographyandadvertisingover16decades.Theimagesreproducedarefoundontravelbrochures,postcardsandmaps—manyofwhichareheldinourcollections.”O(jiān)neposterfromtheexhibition—HenryWellge’s“YellowstoneNationalPark”from1904—wasrecentlypurchasedwithdonatedfundsandisnowpartofUWLibraries’EmmettD.ChisumSpecialCollections.Wellge,aproductivebird’s-eye-viewartist,designedthepiecefortheNorthernPacificRailroad,whichusedittoadvertisethepark.Thisisauniquepiece,asposterssuchasthisonewereprintedonsoftpaperandveryfewhavesurvived.1.Howlongwilltheexhibition“WonderlandIllustrated”last?A.Twoweeks.B.Threemonths.C.Fourmonths.D.Oneyear.2.Whatisapurposeoftheexhibition?A.Torememberafamousartist.B.ToraisefundforCoeLibrary.C.Tomarktheanniversaryofanationalpark.D.TotellthehistoryoftheUniversityofWyoming.3.Whatdoweknowaboutthe1904posterHenryWellgedesigned?A.Itisrareintheworld.B.Itisinblackandwhite.C.Itisprintedoncloth.D.Itisownedbyaprofessor.【答案】1.C2.C3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了黃石海報展覽的時間安排以及特色等信息?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Afirst-of-its-kindexhibitionthatfocusesonthehistoryofYellowstoneNationalParkposterswillbeondisplayattheUniversityofWyoming’sCoeLibrarybeginningTuesday,February1.(從2月1日星期二開始，懷俄明大學(xué)科圖書館將舉辦一場首次以黃石國家公園歷史海報為主題的展覽)”以及第二段“ItwillbeonviewthroughTuesday,May31.(展覽將持續(xù)到5月31日星期二)”可知，“仙境畫報”展覽將持續(xù)四個月。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“We’rethrilledtobeworkingwithYellowstonecollectorsJackandSusanDavís,andLarryandTheaLancastertobringthisexhibitiontotheUniversityofWyomingaspartofyear-longcelebrationsrecognizingYellowstone’s150thanniversary(我們很高興能與黃石收藏者杰克和蘇珊·戴維斯以及拉里和西婭·蘭開斯特合作，將這次展覽帶到懷俄明大學(xué)，作為紀(jì)念黃石公園150周年的為期一年的慶?；顒拥囊徊糠?”可知，展覽的目的是紀(jì)念一個國家公園的周年紀(jì)念。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thisisauniquepiece,asposterssuchasthisonewereprintedonsoftpaperandveryfewhavesurvived.(這是一件獨特的作品，因為像這樣的海報是印在軟紙上的，很少有幸存下來)”可知，1904年亨利·韋爾奇設(shè)計的海報在世界上很罕見。故選A。BParrotsarepreyanimals,whichmeansthatotherpredators(捕食者)inthewild,suchashawksorsnakes,arelookingtomakethemintoameal.Thisonefactorinfluencesparrots’behaviorinyourhousemorethananyother.Parrotsaremosteasilyhurtwhenfeedingontheground.Membershipinagroupplaysanimportantfunctioninensuringtheirsafetyandimprovingtheirchancesofsurvivalfromattacksbypredators.Themostcommonpredatorsofparrotsincludehawks,snakes,cats,monkeys,andbats.Somepredatorsmakeattacksonlyduringthedaywhileothershuntinthenight.Aspreyanimals,parrotsareconstantlywatchingoutfordangerandtheyinstinctively(本能地)reacttorisks.Theirfirstchoiceistotakeflight.However,ifthisisnotpossible,theywillfightwiththeirpowerfulbeakstodefendthemselves.Becausetheirbiggestenemyisthehawk,parrotsareespeciallyreactivetoquickmovementsfromaboveandbehind.Forthisreason,itiswisetoavoidquick,suddenmovementsnearyourbird.Thisisabuilt-inreactionnotsubjecttologicorreason.Simpleandrelativelyharmlesshouseholdobjectscandrawextremefearresponsesfromabird.Forexample,aballoonmayrepresentahawkoravacuumhose(吸塵器軟管)maybethesameasasnakeinyourbird’smind.Aspreyanimals,parrotsareoftenfrightenedbyexposuretonewhouseholditemsorstrangers.Itisimportanttoexposeyourbirdtosafeexperiencesandchangesstartingataveryyoungagetobuildflexibilityandimprovetheiradaptability.Varietyindietandtoys,travel,andexposuretonewpeopleandplacesallhelptomakeyourbirdmoreflexibleandadaptabletochange.4.Whatisimportantforparrotstobettersurvivefromattacksinthewild?A.Livinginagroup.B.Growingbeautifulfeathers.C.Feedingontheground.D.Avoidingcomingoutatnight.5.Whatisparrots’firstresponsetoanimmediaterisk?A.Toattackback.B.Togetaway.C.Toprotecttheyoung.D.Toplaydead.6.Whywouldaballoonfrightenaparrot?A.Itmayexplodesuddenly.B.Itmaybeinastrangeshape.C.Itmayhaveastrongcolor.D.Itmaymovearoundquickly.7.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingthetext?A.Toexplainwildparrots’behavior.B.Togiveadviceonraisingaparrot.C.Tocallforactiontoprotectanimals.D.Tointroduceastudyonbirdecology.【答案】4.A5.B6.B7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了鸚鵡作為被捕食動物的行為特性和生存策略。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Membershipinagroupplaysanimportantfunctioninensuringtheirsafetyandimprovingtheirchancesofsurvivalfromattacksbypredators.(群體中的成員在確保其安全和提高其從捕食者襲擊中幸存下來的機(jī)會方面起著重要作用。)”可知，鸚鵡要想更好地在野外躲避攻擊，重要的是要進(jìn)行集體生活，故選A項。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Aspreyanimals,parrotsareconstantlywatchingoutfordangerandtheyinstinctively(本能地)reacttorisks.Theirfirstchoiceistotakeflight.(作為獵物，鸚鵡會時刻警惕危險，并本能地對風(fēng)險做出反應(yīng)。他們的第一反應(yīng)是飛走)”可知，鸚鵡對直接風(fēng)險的第一反應(yīng)是逃跑，故選B項?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Simpleandrelativelyharmlesshouseholdobjectscandrawextremefearresponsesfromabird.Forexample,aballoonmayrepresentahawkoravacuumhose(吸塵器軟管)maybethesameasasnakeinyourbird’smind.(簡單且相對無害的家居用品會引起鳥類的極度恐懼反應(yīng)。例如，在你的鳥心目中，氣球可能代表鷹，或者真空軟管可能與蛇相同)”可知，氣球能夠嚇到鸚鵡是因為氣球可能形狀奇怪，使鸚鵡聯(lián)想到鷹，故選B項。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Parrotsarepreyanimals,whichmeansthatotherpredators(捕食者)inthewild,suchashawksorsnakes,arelookingtomakethemintoameal.Thisonefactorinfluencesparrots’behaviorinyourhousemorethananyother.(鸚鵡是獵物，這意味著野生的其他捕食者，如鷹或蛇，正在尋找將它們作為食物。這一個因素比任何其他因素都更能影響鸚鵡在家里的行為)”、倒數(shù)第二段“Simpleandrelativelyharmlesshouseholdobjectscandrawextremefearresponsesfromabird.Forexample,aballoonmayrepresentahawkoravacuumhose(吸塵器軟管)maybethesameasasnakeinyourbird’smind.(簡單且相對無害的家居用品會引起鳥類的極度恐懼反應(yīng)。例如，在你的鳥心目中，氣球可能代表鷹，或者真空軟管可能與蛇相同)”以及最后一段“Aspreyanimals,parrotsareoftenfrightenedbyexposuretonewhouseholditemsorstrangers.Itisimportanttoexposeyourbirdtosafeexperiencesandchangesstartingataveryyoungagetobuildflexibilityandimprovetheiradaptability.Varietyindietandtoys,travel,andexposuretonewpeopleandplacesallhelptomakeyourbirdmoreflexibleandadaptabletochange.(作為獵物，鸚鵡經(jīng)常被新的家庭用品或陌生人嚇到。從很小的時候就開始讓你的鳥接觸安全的體驗和變化，以建立靈活性并提高它們的適應(yīng)性，這一點很重要。飲食和玩具的多樣性、旅行以及接觸新的人和地方都有助于讓你的鳥更靈活，更適應(yīng)變化)”可知，本文的寫作目的是對飼養(yǎng)鸚鵡提建議，故選B項。CInhis1936workHowtoWinFriendsandInfluencePeople,DaleCarnegiewrote:“Ihavecometotheconclusionthatthereisonlyonewaytogetthebestofanargument—andthatistoavoidit.”Thisdistasteforargumentsiscommon,butitdependsonamistakenviewofargumentsthatcausesproblemsforourpersonalandsociallives—andinmanywaysmissesthepointofarguinginthefirstplace.Carnegiewouldberightifargumentswerefights,whichishowweoftenthinkofthem.Likephysicalfights,verbal(言語的)fightscanleavebothsidesbloodied.Evenwhenyouwin,youendupnobetteroff.Youwouldbefeelingalmostasbadifargumentswereevenjustcompetitions—like,say,tennistournaments.Pairsofopponentshittheballbackandforthuntilonewinnercomesoutfromallwhoentered.Everybodyelseloses.Thiskindofthinkingexplainswhysomanypeopletrytoavoidarguments.However,therearewaystowinanargumenteverytime.Whenyoustateyourposition,formulate(闡述)anargumentforwhatyouclaimandhonestlyaskyourselfwhetheryourargumentisanygood.Whenyoutalkwithsomeonewhotakesastand,askthemtogiveyouareasonfortheirviewandspellouttheirargumentfully.Assessitsstrengthandweakness.Raiseobjections(異議)andlistencarefullytotheirreplies.Thismethodwillrequireeffort,butpracticewillmakeyoubetteratit.Thesetoolscanhelpyouwineveryargument—notintheunhelpfulsenseofbeatingyouropponentsbutinthebettersenseoflearningaboutwhatdividespeople,learningwhytheydisagreewithusandlearningtotalkandworktogetherwiththem.Ifwereadjustourviewofarguments—fromaverbalfightortennisgametoareasonedexchangethroughwhichweallgainrespectandunderstandingfromeachother—thenwechangetheverynatureofwhatitmeansto“win”anargument.8.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardCarnegie’sunderstandingofargument?A.Critical.B.Supportive.C.Tolerant.D.Uncertain.9.Whydomanypeopletrytoavoidarguments?A.Theylackdebatingskills.B.Theymayfeelbadeveniftheywin.C.Theyfearbeingignored.D.Theyarenotconfidentinthemselves.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“spellout”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Defend.B.Explain.C.Conclude.D.Repeat.11.Whatisthekeyto“winning”anargumentaccordingtotheauthor?A.Senseoflogic.B.Solidsupportingevidence.C.Propermanners.D.Understandingfrombothsides.【答案】8.A9.B10.B11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文，作者闡述了爭論的意義和贏得爭論的方法。【8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Thisdistasteforargumentsiscommon,butitdependsonamistakenviewofargumentsthatcausesproblemsforourpersonalandsociallives—andinmanywaysmissesthepointofarguinginthefirstplace.(這種對爭論的厭惡是很普遍的，但它取決于對爭論的錯誤看法，這種觀點會給我們的個人和社會生活帶來問題——而且在很多方面，它首先忽略了爭論的意義)”可知，作者對于Carnegie對爭論的看法持批判態(tài)度，故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Likephysicalfights,verbal(言語的)fightscanleavebothsidesbloodied.Evenwhenyouwin,youendupnobetteroff.Youwouldbefeelingalmostasbadifargumentswereevenjustcompetitions—like,say,tennistournaments.(和身體上的打斗一樣，言語上的打斗也會讓雙方流血。即使你贏了，你最終也不會變得更好。如果爭論只是一場比賽，比如網(wǎng)球比賽，你也會感覺很糟糕)”可知，很多人盡量避免爭論，是因為即使贏了他們也感覺很糟糕，故選B?！?0題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線短語所在句“askthemtogiveyouareasonfortheirview”可知，讓他們?yōu)樽约旱挠^點提供依據(jù)，即讓他們充分闡明他們的觀點，spellout意為“解釋明白，講清楚”，故選B。【11題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Ifwereadjustourviewofarguments—fromaverbalfightortennisgametoareasonedexchangethroughwhichweallgainrespectandunderstandingfromeachother—thenwechangetheverynatureofwhatitmeansto“win”anargument.(如果我們重新調(diào)整我們對爭論的看法——從一場口水戰(zhàn)或網(wǎng)球比賽轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐环N理性的交流，通過這種交流，我們都能獲得彼此的尊重和理解——那么我們就改變了‘贏得’爭論的本質(zhì))”可知，作者認(rèn)為“贏得”爭論的關(guān)鍵是通過交流獲得彼此的尊重和理解，故選D。DForlotsofkids,toddlerhood(幼兒期)isanimportanttimeforfriendship.Studiesshowthattheearlierkidslearntoformpositiverelationships,thebettertheyareatrelatingtoothersasteenagersandadults.Playingtogetheralsohelpsthesekidspracticesocialbehaviors,suchaskindness,sharing,andcooperation.Evenso,howquicklyyourchilddevelopsintoasocialcreaturemayalsodependonhistemperament(性格).Sometoddlersareverysocial,butothersareshy.Inaddition,thewaythattoddlersdemonstratethattheylikeotherchildrenismarkedlydifferentfromwhatadultsthinkofasexpressionsoffriendship.ResearchatOhioStateUniversityinColumbusfoundthatatoddler’swayofsaying“Ilikeyou”duringplayislikelytocomeintheformofcopyingafriend’sbehavior.Thisseeminglyunusualwayofdemonstratingfondnesscanresultinunpleasantbehavior.Regardlessofhowmuchtheylikeaplaymate,theymaystillgrabhistoys,refusetoshare,andgetbossy.Butexpertssaythatthisisanormalandnecessarypartoffriendshipforkidsthisage.Throughplayexperiences,toddlerslearnsocialrules.That’swhyit’ssoimportanttotakeanactiveroleinyourtoddler’ssocialencountersbysettinglimitsandofferingfrequentremindersofwhattheyare.Whenyouestablishtheseguidelines,explainthereasonsbehindthem.Beginbyhelpingyourchildlearnsympathy(“Beniscrying.What’smakinghimsosad?”),thensuggesthowhecouldresolvetheproblem(“Maybehewouldfeelbetterifyoulethimplaytheball.”).Whenyourchildsharesorshowsempathy(同理心)towardafriend,praisehim(“Benstoppedcrying!Youmadehimfeelbetter.”).Anotherwaytoencouragehealthysocialinteractionisbyencouragingkidstousewords-notfists-toexpresshowtheyfeel.It’salsoimportanttobemindfulofhowyourchild’spersonalityaffectsplaytime.Kidsareeasytogetangrywhenthey’resleepyorhungry,soscheduleplaytimewhenthey’rerefreshed.12.Whatdoesitindicatewhentoddlerscopytheirplaymates’behavior?A.Theyareinterestedinacting.B.Theyareshywiththestrangers.C.Theyarefondoftheirplaymates.D.Theyaretiredofplayinggames.13.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestparentsdofortheirkids?A.Designgamesforthem.B.Findthemsuitableplaymates.C.Playtogetherwiththem.D.Helpthemunderstandsocialrules.14.Whatisthefunctionofthequotedstatementsinparagraph4?A.Givingexamples.B.Explainingconcepts.C.Providingevidence.D.Makingcomparisons.15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.HowChildrenAdapttoChangesB.HowtoBeaRoleModelforChildrenC.HowYourBabyLearnstoLoveD.HowtoCommunicatewithYourKid【答案】12.C13.D14.A15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了幼兒時期友誼對兒童社交能力發(fā)展的重要性，并探討了幼兒表達(dá)友誼的方式和可能出現(xiàn)的問題。同時，文章還提供了一些建議和方法，幫助家長在幼兒社交互動中發(fā)揮積極作用，培養(yǎng)他們的同情心和表達(dá)能力，學(xué)會發(fā)展友誼。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Inaddition,thewaythattoddlersdemonstratethattheylikeotherchildrenismarkedlydifferentfromwhatadultsthinkofasexpressionsoffriendship.ResearchatOhioStateUniversityinColumbusfoundthatatoddler’swayofsaying“Ilikeyou”duringplayislikelytocomeintheformofcopyingafriend’sbehavior.(此外，蹣跚學(xué)步的孩子表現(xiàn)出他們喜歡其他孩子的方式與成年人認(rèn)為的友誼表達(dá)方式明顯不同。哥倫布俄亥俄州立大學(xué)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，一個蹣跚學(xué)步的孩子在玩耍時說“我喜歡你”的方式很可能是模仿朋友的行為)”可知，蹣跚學(xué)步的孩子模仿朋友的行為說明他們喜歡玩伴，故選C項?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Throughplayexperiences,toddlerslearnsocialrules.That’swhyit’ssoimportanttotakeanactiveroleinyourtoddler’ssocialencountersbysettinglimitsandofferingfrequentremindersofwhattheyare.Whenyouestablishtheseguidelines,explainthereasonsbehindthem(通過游戲體驗，幼兒學(xué)習(xí)社交規(guī)則。這就是在你蹣跚學(xué)步的孩子的社交活動中，通過設(shè)定限制和經(jīng)常提醒它們是什么，來發(fā)揮積極作用是如此重要的原因，當(dāng)您制定這些指導(dǎo)方針時，請解釋其背后的原因)”可知，作者建議家長在孩子的社交生活中設(shè)定限制，并且經(jīng)常提醒孩子們這些限制，也就是社交規(guī)則，幫助孩子理解社交規(guī)則，故選D項?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Beginbyhelpingyourchildlearnsympathy(“Beniscrying.What’smakinghimsosad?”)(首先幫助孩子學(xué)會同情((本在哭。是什么讓他這么傷心?”))”以及“thensuggesthowhecouldresolvetheproblem(“Maybehewouldfeelbetterifyoulethimplaytheball.”)(然后建議他如何解決這個問題(“如果你讓他打球，也許他會感覺好些?！?)”可知，這些引用是通過舉例說明這兩個建議：幫助孩子學(xué)會同情并解決問題，故選A項。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Forlotsofkids,toddlerhood(幼兒期)isanimportanttimeforfriendship.Studiesshowthattheearlierkidslearntoformpositiverelationships,thebettertheyareatrelatingtoothersasteenagersandadults.Playingtogetheralsohelpsthesekidspracticesocialbehaviors,suchaskindness,sharing,andcooperation(對很多孩子來說，蹣跚學(xué)步是建立友誼的重要時刻。研究表明，孩子們越早學(xué)會建立積極的關(guān)系，他們在青少年和成年人時期就越善于與他人建立聯(lián)系。一起玩耍也有助于這些孩子練習(xí)社交行為，如友善、分享和合作)”、第三段“Throughplayexperiences,toddlerslearnsocialrules.That’swhyit’ssoimportanttotakeanactiveroleinyourtoddler’ssocialencountersbysettinglimitsandofferingfrequentremindersofwhattheyare(通過游戲體驗，幼兒學(xué)習(xí)社會規(guī)則。這就是在你蹣跚學(xué)步的孩子的社交活動中，通過設(shè)定限制和經(jīng)常提醒它們是什么，來發(fā)揮積極作用是如此重要的原因)”以及最后一段“Anotherwaytoencouragehealthysocialinteractionisbyencouragingkidstousewords-notfists-toexpresshowtheyfeel.(另一種鼓勵健康社交的方法是鼓勵孩子用語言而不是拳頭來表達(dá)他們的感受。)”可知，本文主要講的是家長如何幫助孩子學(xué)會愛，學(xué)會發(fā)展友誼，故選C項。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。CommonMistakesNewRunnersMakeRunningisagreatwaytogetinshapeandjustabouteveryonecandoit.However,manymakeanumberofcommonmistakes,whichcaninterfere(妨礙)withtrainingorleadtoinjury.___16___,keepthesethingsinmindtohelpyouincreaseyourchancesofrunningsuccess.·DoingtoomuchtoosoonOneofthebiggestmistakesnewrunnersmakeisdoingtoomuchtoosoon.Slowlyeasingintoatrainingprogramwillhelpreducetheriskofinjury,soyoucancontinueonwithyournewrunningroutine___17___.·___18___Beginnersmightthinktheyneedtoruneveryday(ornearlyeveryday)tomeettheirfitnessorweight-lossgoals,butthiscouldn’tbefurtherfromthetruth.Runningisahigh-impactactivitywhichcanbereallyhardonyourbody.Soit’simportanttogiveyourbodyarestbetweenworkouts.·Notwearingtherightequipment___19___,it’simportantthatyouwearproperlyforyourworkouts.Themostimportantpieceofequipmentforrunningisagoodpairofrunningshoes,sobesuretodosomeresearchbeforeyoupurchaseapair.Visitarunningspecialtystoreandaskanemployeetofityouforashoe.?Runningthroughpain___20___Ifsomethinghurtswhenyourun,youneedtostopandtreatthepain.Remember:Itdoesn’tmakeyoulessofarunnerifyoulistentoyourbodytokeepithealthy.A.NottakingrestdaysB.Ifyou’rejuststartingoutC.ComparingyourselftoothersD.RunningcanbeuncomfortableattimesE.It’simportantnottousethesamemusclesF.Whileitmaybetruethatyoudon’tneedexpensiveequipmenttotakeuprunningG.Expertssuggestincreasingyourrunningdistancebynomorethan10%eachweek【答案】16.B17.G18.A19.F20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了新手跑步者常犯的錯誤?！?6題詳解】上文“Runningisagreatwaytogetinshapeandjustabouteveryonecandoit.However,manymakeanumberofcommonmistakes,whichcaninterfere(妨礙)withtrainingorleadtoinjury.(跑步是保持體形的好方法，幾乎每個人都可以做到。然而，許多人會犯一些常見的錯誤，這些錯誤可能會干擾訓(xùn)練或?qū)е率軅?”指出跑步時有些人會犯一些常見的錯誤，這些錯誤可能會干擾訓(xùn)練或?qū)е率軅?，由本段?biāo)題“CommonMistakesNewRunnersMake(新跑步者常犯的錯誤)”可知，本文主要指出新跑步者會犯的錯誤，根據(jù)下文“keepthesethingsinmindtohelpyouincreaseyourchancesofrunningsuccess.(記住這些事情可以幫助您增加跑步成功的機(jī)會。)”可知，空處是狀語從句，B項“如果你剛剛開始”符合，是下文的條件，同時也符合主題，即如果你是新跑步者，本文的建議會幫助你增加成功跑步的機(jī)會，故選B?！?7題詳解】上文“Oneofthebiggestmistakesnewrunnersmakeisdoingtoomuchtoosoon.Slowlyeasingintoatrainingprogramwillhelpreducetheriskofinjury,soyoucancontinueonwithyournewrunningroutine(新跑步者犯的最大錯誤之一就是跑得太多太快。慢慢地進(jìn)入訓(xùn)練計劃將有助于降低受傷風(fēng)險，這樣您就可以繼續(xù)新的跑步習(xí)慣)”指出剛開始跑步的人會跑得太快，所以要慢慢進(jìn)入訓(xùn)練，不要跑太多太快，G項“專家建議每周增加跑步距離不超過10%”符合，指出不要跑太多，故選G。【18題詳解】此處是本段小標(biāo)題，即新手跑步者常犯的錯誤之一，根據(jù)下文“Beginnersmightthinktheyneedtoruneveryday(ornearlyeveryday)tomeettheirfitnessorweight-lossgoals,butthiscouldn’tbefurtherfromthetruth.Runningisahigh-impactactivitywhichcanbereallyhardonyourbody.Soit’simportanttogiveyourbodyarestbetweenworkouts.(初學(xué)者可能認(rèn)為他們需要每天(或幾乎每天)跑步才能達(dá)到健身或減肥目標(biāo)，但這與事實相差甚遠(yuǎn)。跑步是一項高影響力的活動，對您的身體來說確實很困難。因此，在鍛煉之間讓身體休息很重要。)”可知，新手跑步者不休息，A項“沒有休息日”符合，故選A?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)本段標(biāo)題“Notwearingtherightequipment(沒有佩戴合適的裝備)”可知，本段主要介紹了新手跑步者常犯的錯誤之一是沒有佩戴合適的裝備，下文“it’simportantthatyouwearproperlyforyourworkouts.(鍛煉時正確穿著很重要)”強(qiáng)調(diào)跑步時正確穿著很重要，空處也應(yīng)與“佩戴合適的裝備”有關(guān)，F(xiàn)項“雖然你可能確實不需要昂貴的設(shè)備來開始跑步”符合，其中“equipment”呼應(yīng)標(biāo)題中的“therightequipment”，雖然你可能確實不需要昂貴的設(shè)備來開始跑步，但是鍛煉時正確穿著很重要，故選F?！?0題詳解】下文“Ifsomethinghurtswhenyourun,youneedtostopandtreatthepain(如果跑步時感到疼痛，則需要停下來治療疼痛)”指出跑步時如果感到疼痛，應(yīng)該停下來，這說明有時候跑步會讓人感到疼痛，D項“跑步有時會感到不舒服”符合，引起下文，下文介紹了感到疼痛時該如何做，故選D。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。IwashalfwayacrossIndianaheadedhometoKentuckywhenmycarbrokedown.Myphonewas___21___,too.Imanagedtogettoagasstation,butitwasSundayintheearlyfall,andtherewasno___22___onduty.Iwasworkingmywaythroughuniversitythenandhadlittlemoneyfor___23___thecar.Isatalongsidemycarforseveralhourstryingto___24___theheatwhenanoldergentleman___25___tofuelhiscar.Heaskedaboutmycar,andI___26___mypredicament(困境).Tomy___27___,thegentlemantoldmethathehadadaughtermyage,andthenheopenedhistrunkand___28___atoolset.Rightthenandthere,thistotal___29___examinedmyengine,explainingasheworkedthatmysparkplugs(火花塞)hadn’tbeenchangedforsolongthattheywere___30___tofunction.Afteraboutanhour,he___31___thatmycarwassafetofinishthetrip.___32___cameatthehandsofastranger.___33___hisclothes,workingonahotSeptemberafternoon,thisman___34___acollegestudentfromdisaster,justbecauseshecouldhavebeenhis___35___.21.A.busyB.loudC.deadD.secure22.A.mechanicB.policemanC.managerD.guide23.A.washingB.parkingC.purchasingD.maintaining.24.A.feelB.beatC.absorbD.produce25.A.promisedB.refusedC.stoppedD.volunteered26.A.solvedB.noticedC.escaped.D.explained27.A.surpriseB.regretC.amusement.D.disappointment28.A.calledupB.pulledoutC.putdownD.threwaway29.A.liarB.beginnerC.strangerD.loser30.A.freeB.readyC.uncertainD.unable31.A.pronouncedB.agreedC.discoveredD.doubted32.A.TirednessB.KindnessC.LonelinessD.Carefulness33.A.FoldingB.DryingC.Soiling.D.Mending34.A.savedB.calledC.judgedD.banned35.A.friendB.daughterC.coworkerD.customer【答案】21.C22.A23.D24.B25.C26.D27.A28.B29.C30.D31.A32.B33.C34.A35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者的車在半路壞了，正巧趕上周日，在加油站并沒有找到修車的人。這時恰巧有一位年長的紳士來加油。了解到作者遇到的困難后，他主動幫助作者修了車。作者對此非常的感謝?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我的手機(jī)也沒電了。A.busy忙的;B.loud大聲的;C.dead(因無電力)不工作的;D.secure可靠的。根據(jù)上文“IwashalfwayacrossIndianaheadedhometoKentuckywhenmycarbrokedown.”以及句中的too可知，作者的車壞了，手機(jī)也因為沒電而關(guān)機(jī)了。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我設(shè)法去了一個加油站，但那是初秋的周日，沒有機(jī)修工值班。A.mechanic機(jī)修工;B.policeman警察;C.manager經(jīng)理;D.guide指導(dǎo)。根據(jù)上文“butitwasSundayintheearlyfall”可知，作者的車壞了，所以她應(yīng)該去找修車的。但是因為是周日，所以加油站的機(jī)修工都沒上班。故選A。【23題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)時我正努力讀完大學(xué)，幾乎沒有錢保養(yǎng)這輛車。A.washing清洗;B.parking停車;C.purchasing購買;D.maintaining保養(yǎng)。根據(jù)空前“Iwasworkingmywaythroughuniversitythenandhadlittlemoney”可知，作者當(dāng)時正在在讀大學(xué)，沒有什么錢，所以幾乎是不保養(yǎng)車的。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我在車旁坐了幾個小時試圖避暑，這時一位年長的紳士停下來給他的車加油。A.feel感覺;B.beat擊敗;C.absorb吸收;D.produce生產(chǎn)。根據(jù)下文“workingonahotSeptemberafternoon”可知，事情發(fā)生在一個炎熱的夏天，作者坐在車邊試圖保持涼爽。beattheheat“消暑，在炎熱的天氣中保持涼爽”。故選B。【25題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我在車旁坐了幾個小時試圖避暑，這時一位年長的紳士停下來給他的車加油。A.promised答應(yīng)了;B.refused拒絕;C.stopped停止;D.volunteered自愿的。根據(jù)上文“Imanagedtogettoagasstation”可知，作者是在加油站，所以有一輛車停下來加油。故選C。【26題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他問起我的車，我解釋了我的困境。A.solved解決;B.noticed注意到;C.escaped逃脫。D.explained解釋。根據(jù)上文“Heaskedaboutmycar”可知，這位紳士詢問作者的車出了什么問題，然后作者向他解釋了他的困境。故選D?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：令我驚訝的是，這位先生告訴我，他有一個和我同齡的女兒，然后他打開行李箱，拿出了一套工具。A.surprise驚喜;B.regret遺憾;C.amusement可笑;D.disappointment失望。根據(jù)下文“thegentlemantoldmethathehadadaughtermyage,andthenheopenedhistrunkand___8___atoolset”可知，這位年長的紳士聽到作者的困難后，告訴作者他也有一個女兒，而且從車?yán)锬贸鲆惶坠ぞ?。這讓作為陌生人的作者感到非常的驚訝。故選A。【28題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：令我驚訝的是，這位先生告訴我，他有一個和我同齡的女兒，然后他打開行李箱，拿出了一套工具。A.calledup打電話給;B.pulledout取出;C.putdown放下;D.threwaway扔掉了。根據(jù)空后“atoolset”以及下文“Rightthenandthere,thistotal___9___examinedmyengine,explainingasheworkedthatmysparkplugs(火花塞)hadn’tbeenchangedforsolongthattheywere___10___tofunction.”可知，這位紳士從他的車?yán)锬贸鲆惶坠ぞ撸瑤妥髡咝奁鹆塑?。故選B?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：就在這時，這個完全陌生的人檢查了我的發(fā)動機(jī)，一邊工作一邊解釋說，我的火花塞已經(jīng)很久沒有更換了，以至于無法工作。A.liar騙子;B.beginner初學(xué)者;C.stranger陌生人;D.loser失敗者。根據(jù)上文“Isatalongsidemycarforseveralhourstryingto___4___theheatwhenanoldergentleman___5___tofuelhiscar”以及全文語境可知，這個紳士對于作者來說完全是個陌生人。故選C?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：就在這時，這個完全陌生的人檢查了我的發(fā)動機(jī)，一邊工作一邊解釋說，我的火花塞已經(jīng)很久沒有更換了，以至于無法工作。A.free免費的;B.ready準(zhǔn)備好的;C.uncertain不確定;D.unable不能的。根據(jù)上文“asheworkedthatmysparkplugs(火花塞)hadn’tbeenchangedforsolong”可知，由于車輛的火花塞已經(jīng)很久沒有更換了，所以導(dǎo)致它不能正常工作。故選D。【31題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：大約一個小時后，他宣布我的車可以安全